Online experiments for elementary school. Cognitive experiences for children. Can there be fire without matches?

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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that can be used for interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.

website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.

1. Lava lamp

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.

Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Vulcan

Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.

4. Growing crystals

Needed: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.

Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.

6. Colored milk

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.

7. Fireproof bill

Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.

Explanation: As a result of the combustion of ethyl alcohol, water is formed, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which the paper bill is soaked. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.

9. Camera obscura

You will need:

A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);

Large sheet of thick cardboard;

Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);

A room with a view of anything;

Sunny day.

1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.

2. We make a smooth hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).

3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.

4. Now the result can be shot with a camera at a long shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.

Children are great people. By their very nature, they are aimed at understanding the world, and until a certain age, the world is ready to give them discoveries almost every day. Children are ready for the most risky experiments in order to answer the questions “How?”, “Why?”, “What will happen?” We, parents, out of fear for their safety and the safety of the objects surrounding our children, try to limit the flight of their imagination, especially if we're talking about about preschoolers and primary schoolchildren aged 7-8 years.

Preserving this curiosity and inquisitiveness is very important; it is this trait that will bring the child both deep knowledge and the ability to implement it. Entertaining experiments will force the child to consciously read physics or chemistry textbooks, in an effort to understand and explain the results of the experiment.

Therefore, responsible parents strive to support children in their desire to discover chemical, physical, biological and other laws themselves. Having caught the demand, stores offer to buy various children's kits to conduct experiments and experiments for children 7-8 years old at home.

You can buy these kits, but children can easily conduct many fun and interesting scientific experiments with their parents themselves, creating the necessary kits from improvised materials at home. At home you can do experiments in chemistry, physics, biology. You can do at least 10 experiments with Coca-Cola alone. The main thing is to teach little researchers safety rules.

Most of the experiences and experiments for children that parents can read about and offer to kids for practice are completely safe. But many children at 8, and even more so 10 years old, are already quite free to find videos on the Internet where slightly older children demonstrate their experiments, and not all of them, even with Coca-Cola, are safe for a beginner.

Or maybe your young researcher will decide to conduct a chemical experiment of his own design. Therefore, rule number one, which, first of all, needs to be taught to children is to always coordinate upcoming scientific experiments with an adult.

Before doing this, carefully read the instructions for the experiment. All sets sold are supplied with them.
The place for experiments must be carefully chosen and well prepared. Remove all unnecessary items, especially flammable materials and fragile items. There should be enough light, nearby water, and the possibility of ventilation.
Be careful when handling fire, hot or sharp objects.
Use separate dishes for experiments. After use, wash and put it away thoroughly.
Do not put anything in your mouth, taste it or play with the products used or received.
If your hands get dirty, wash them immediately so as not to rub your face and eyes with dirty hands.
Do not lean close to the experiment site to avoid splashes, sparks, etc. do not come into contact with skin or eyes.
At the end of the experiment, we carefully clean everything, wash our hands, and if necessary, ventilate the room.
Carefully pour used liquids into the sink, turning on cold water to dilute it.

But still, children should do simple experiments with fire or chemicals, even something as common at home as vinegar, only under the supervision of an adult.

Experiments for children! Experiment for children No. 1 – Rainbow water

Boat on a soap engine

You don't have to buy complicated kits for this experience. Enough water, liquid soap and plastic corner. Using scissors, cut out a triangular boat with a slot from a corner or film and round hole in the middle. This is quite feasible for children 7-8 years old. Then we lower the resulting boat into a vessel with water and drop it into the hole. liquid soap. The ship begins to move quickly through the water. And so on after every drop of soap.

Soda Experience

This simple and fun activity will help engage children's attention to physics concepts such as density, volume and weight. You don’t need special kits for it; just buy several metal cans of soda of the same size. For example, buy Sprite, Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Fanta, and ask your child the question: “What will happen to them if you put them in water? Will they drown or not?

You can even bet on how the next jar will behave. Then carefully lower the jars into a container of water and observe. Some jars sink to the bottom, while others float in it. Although a child of 7 or even 10 years old does not yet learn physics or chemistry, this visual experience will help to remember that objects with the same volume can have different weight, different densities.

Paper cover

This scientific experience looks like a magic trick. Take a glass of water, pour water into it, press a piece of thick paper on top and carefully turn the glass over. The water doesn't spill out! The paper remains pressed to the glass, as if glued. The explanation for the secret of this experiment is that air presses on the paper.

Homemade rainbow using water and mirror

You can delight your children by making them feel like a wizard by creating your own rainbow. To do this, the child immerses a small mirror in water and directs the light of a flashlight onto it. We catch the reflection on a white sheet of paper and there it is - a rainbow!

Rene Descartes' experiment or pipette diver

It is believed that this interesting experiment was first made by the 16th century physicist and mechanic from France, Rene Descartes. We will not repeat his experience exactly, because today there are plastic bottles. In one of them we fill water almost to the very edges and lower the pipette there. We first fill the pipette with a little water, so that when immersed in the bottle it floats, with its upper rubber end slightly protruding from the water.

Close the bottle and squeeze it. The pipette goes to the bottom. Let go of the sides of the bottle and the pipette floats up. When you squeeze the bottle, the pressure of the water in it increases, and it penetrates into the pipette. It becomes heavier and goes to the bottom. The pressure weakens and the air pushes out the water, the pipette becomes lighter again and floats up.

From glass to glass

This experiment can be done even by a 5-year-old child. One glass is filled with water and a strip of fabric is immersed in it, the second edge of which is lowered into the empty glass. It is placed slightly lower than full, and gradually the water flows through the fabric from full to empty.

Coca-Cola experience

The Internet is full of videos where guys have the most different experiences with Coca-Cola. You can find 10 or 20 such experiments. Add sugar, Mentos candies, soda or salt, milk and dry ice to Coca-Cola and look at the result. With a child of 8–10 years old, it is quite possible to create a volcano out of Coca-Cola.

To do this, a tall glass or a small plastic bottle insert it into a dark paper cone that will represent a volcano. We put the volcano in the basin. Fill the vessel halfway with Coca-Cola and throw in the Mentos candies. Then we admire the volcanic eruption from a fountain of foam. The fountain from our volcano will be even higher if we add soda to Coca-Cola instead of candy.

Experiment Naughty ball. Simple experiments with a bottle

Entertaining chemical experiments will prepare children for studying chemistry at school. Most of the experiments carried out at home are not dangerous, educational, and effective. Some experiments are provided with a written description, which will help explain to the child the essence of the processes taking place and awaken interest in chemical science.

When conducting chemical experiments at home, the following safety rules must be observed:

Simple experiments for little ones

Chemical experiments for young children, carried out at home, do not require any special substances.

Colored bubbles

For one such experiment you will need:

fruit juice;
sunflower oil;
2 effervescent tablets;
decorative transparent container.

Stages of experience:

You can create bubbles with a stronger shell yourself by mixing water and dishwashing detergent in a 2:1 combination + a little granulated sugar. If you add glycerin instead of sugar, the bubbles will be very high. large sizes. Adding food coloring to the soap solution will create colored glowing bubbles.

Night light

You can make a night light at home using simple substances. To do this you will need:

tomato;
syringe;
sulfur heads from matches;
hydrogen peroxide;
bleach.

Sequencing:

Place sulfur in a bowl, add bleach, and leave for a while.
Draw the mixture into a syringe and prick the tomato from all sides.
To start the chemical reaction, hydrogen peroxide must be introduced. This is also done with a syringe in the place where the petiole was located.
Being in dark room, the tomato will emit soft light.

Carefully! You can no longer eat this tomato.

Sizzling balls

You can make your own sizzling balls for children's bathing.

During work, hands must be protected with gloves.

Sequencing:

Floating worms

For the next experiment you will need:

3 jelly worm candies without sugar sprinkles;
soda;
acetic acid;
water;
glass glasses.

Stages of work:

The first glass is half filled with acetic acid.
Pour warm water into the second glass and dilute 60 g of soda.
Place the candies in the solution and leave for 15 minutes.
Remove the candies from the soda solution and place them in a glass with the essence.
The surface of the candy will immediately become covered with bubbles; they will continuously rise to the surface and fall to the bottom of the glass. This happens because the soda first fills the pores of the candy, then, reacting with vinegar, it releases carbon dioxide, which raises the candy to the top.
When they come into contact with air, the bubbles burst, the candy sinks to the bottom and again becomes covered with bubbles and rises.

Experiments for older children

Chemical experiments for children at home can be more complex and interesting.

Volcano

So, any schoolchild can simulate a volcanic eruption at home:

Colored foam

To experience creating colored foam you will need:

Sequencing:

The glasses are placed on a tray, half filled with soda, and dyes are added.
Mix vinegar with detergent, pour into glasses.
Colored foam will come out of each glass. You can pour the vinegar mixture into glasses several times until all the soda is released.

Malachite egg

Coloring experiment chicken egg in malachite color long lasting but interesting:

To do this, remove the contents from the egg: make 2 holes and blow it out.
For weight, a little plasticine is placed into an empty egg.
Dissolve a spoon in 0.5 liters of water copper sulfate(This can be purchased at a hardware store).
Dip the egg into the solution; the shell should be completely immersed in the solution.
After a few days, gas bubbles will appear.
After a week, the shell will acquire a light blue-green color.
After a month, the color of the shell will become rich malachite.

Fireworks

Making fireworks with your own hands:

Magnesium shavings are very finely ground.
Sulfur match heads are separated from the wood. You will need 2-3 boxes of matches. Crushed magnesium is mixed with sulfur powder.
Take metal tube and seal one of the holes tightly with plaster.
Pour a mixture of magnesium and sulfur into the tube. The mixture should not occupy more than half of the tube.
The tube is wrapped several times with foil. A wick is inserted into the free hole.
Such fireworks can only be exploded in deserted places.

Coloring water blue

For coloring colorless liquids Blue colour needed:

alcohol solution of iodine;
hydrogen peroxide;
vitamin C tablet;
starch;
glass glasses.

Performing the experiment step by step:

A vitamin C tablet is ground into powder and dissolved in 55 ml of warm water.
Pour 5 ml of the resulting solution into a glass, add 5 ml of iodine and 55 ml of heated water. The iodine should be discolored.
Separately mix 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide, 5 g of starch, 55 ml of water.
The iodine solution is poured back and forth into the starch solution several times.
The colorless liquid will turn dark blue. Iodine loses color when it reacts with vitamin C. Starch turns blue when mixed with iodine.

Simple experiments on the properties of metals

Chemical experiments for children at home can be carried out with metals.

For simple experiments will need:

fire;
pieces of various metals;
foil;
copper sulfate;
ammonia;
acid.

To experiment with copper wire, a small piece of metal is twisted into a spiral and heated strongly over a fire. Then immediately lower it into a container with ammonia. The reaction will occur instantly: the metal will begin to hiss, and the black coating formed when exposed to fire will disappear. The copper wire will shine again. It is better to do the experiment several times, then the color of the ammonia will turn blue.

For the next experiment you will need solid iodine, crushed aluminum, and warm water. Iodine is mixed with aluminum in equal parts. Water is added to the mixture. The powder begins to burn, releasing purple smoke.

Another experiment will involve:

chrome-plated paper clip;
galvanized steel nail;
pure steel screw;
acetic acid;
3 test tubes.

Stages of experience:

Metal objects are placed in test tubes, filled with acid, and left for observation. In the first days, hydrogen evolution is observed.
On the 4th day, the acid in test tubes with metal objects with the coating it begins to turn red. In a test tube with a steel screw, the acid becomes Orange color, a precipitate appears.
After 2 weeks in a test tube with a paper clip, the acid turns red, but only in upper layers. Where the paperclip is located, the acid is colorless. After removing the paperclip, you can see that it appearance not changed.
The acid in a test tube with a nail is colored with a smooth transition from red to pale yellow. The nail hasn't changed.
In the 3rd test tube, layered coloration of the liquid and sediment are also observed. The screw turned black, the upper microlayers of the metal collapsed.

Conclusion: unprotected iron is susceptible to corrosion.

For the next experiment, you need to prepare a blue solution of copper sulfate (dissolve several crystals in water, stir). Place non-rusty nails in a test tube and fill with solution. After some time, the solution will turn green and the nails will turn copper-colored. This happened because iron displaced copper from the liquid, and the displaced copper settled on metal objects.

To conduct the “Hydrogen Glove” experiment you will need:

Sequencing:

The saline solution and copper sulfate solution are simultaneously poured into the flask. When mixed, a sea-green liquid is obtained.
Make a lump of foil and place it in the hole of the flask. Immediately, hydrogen begins to rapidly evolve.
Put a rubber glove on the neck, it will instantly fill with gas.
When the glove comes into contact with fire, it ruptures and the gas ignites. The liquid in the vessel gradually acquires a dirty gray tint.

The most spectacular chemical experiments for children

Chemical experiments for children at home are very diverse, and some are very impressive.

Colored foam

To make a large number of colored foam you need:

Bleached green

For the experiment on bleaching greenery you will need:

brilliant green solution;
glasses;
bleach;
ammonia;
vinegar;
hydrogen peroxide;
activated carbon tablets.

Sequencing:

Water is poured into 6 glasses, a drop of greenery is added to each.
The 1st glass is set aside for comparison, bleach is added to 2, ammonia to 3, peroxide to 4.
Ammonia instantly discolors the liquid.
Small bubbles appeared in the glass with bleach, and the solution became colorless.
Hydrogen peroxide will discolor the liquid gradually, over about 15 minutes.
Adding vinegar to the solution will make the liquid brighter.
After 30 min. the liquid becomes lighter.
Activated carbon brightens the solution.

Pharaoh snake

Conducting an experiment called “Pharaoh’s Snake” will require:

Stages of experience:

The sand is soaked in alcohol and formed into a cone.
A recess is made at the top.
Mix soda with sugar and pour into the well.
The soaked sand is set on fire.
The mixture will turn into black balls, soda and sugar will begin to decompose.
After burning the alcohol, a snake will appear, consisting of the products of burning sugar.

Pharaoh's snake made from sugar and soda:

Fire without a spark

To create a fire without a spark, you need potassium permanganate, glycerin and paper.

Sequencing:

Place approximately 1.5 g of potassium permanganate powder in the center of a sheet of paper, cover with the free edge of the sheet.
Apply 3 drops of glycerin to the paper in the place where the powder is located.
After 30 seconds, potassium permanganate will begin to hiss, smoke and produce black foam. The exothermic reaction will heat the paper and it will catch fire.

Fireworks

To make small fireworks at home, you need to choose a small fireproof dish with a long handle.

Sequencing:

On paper sheet you need to pour in a crushed tablet of activated carbon, the same amount of potassium permanganate and the same amount of iron filings.
Fold a piece of paper in half to combine the powders (powders should not be mixed with spoons or spatulas; they may ignite).
Carefully pour into a fireproof container and heat over the burner. After a few seconds. the heated mixture will begin to emit sparks.

Chemistry sets for children

Chemical experiments for children at home will help you carry out special sets of substances and tools.

Experiment kit “Vulcan”

Designed for children over 14 years old, it allows you to independently reproduce the eruption of a small volcano.

Equipment:

To conduct the experiment, you first need to make the volcano itself; sand or gypsum is suitable as a material. When the mountain has frozen, a special powder is poured into the depression and set on fire. The substance begins to burn spectacularly, throwing out sparks, and ash appears.

The advantages of such an experiment include a visual representation of flammable substances. Disadvantages: presence of harmful substances, can only be used once.

Price: 440 rub.

Chemistry set

The kit provides for growing crystals at home.

The set includes:

ammonium crystal;
dye;
polypropylene container;
gloves;
colored glass base;
stirring tool;
instructions.

Stages of work:

Pour crystalline powder into a container and mix with 150 ml of boiling water.
Stir until completely dissolved.
The base of the crystal is immersed in the liquid.
Cover with a lid for 60 minutes.
Add a substance to form a crystal into the cooled water and close the lid.
After a day, remove the lid.
Wait until the top of the crystal appears above the water.
The water is drained, the crystal is removed and dried.

The experiment is very interesting for children and is practically safe, but it will take at least 4 days to complete.

Cost of the set: 350 rub.

Set for chemical experiments “Traffic light”

Set includes:

sodium hydroxide;
glucose;
indigo carmine;
2 measuring cups;
gloves.

Sequence of experience:

Glucose (4 tablets) is dissolved in 1 glass using a small amount of boiling water. Add 10 mg sodium hydroxide solution.
A little indigo carmine is dissolved in the 2nd glass.
A solution of glucose and alkali is poured into the resulting blue liquid.
When mixing the solutions, the liquid will turn green (oxygen in the air oxidizes indigo carmine).
Gradually the solution will turn red, then yellow. If the vessel with the yellow solution is shaken, the liquid will turn green again, then red and yellow.

The experiment is spectacular, interesting and safe. The disadvantages include insufficiently detailed instructions.

Set price: 350 rub.

Advantages and disadvantages of home experiments

Experience name	Advantages	Flaws
Pharaoh snake	Availability of materials, entertainment	Not safe
Growing Crystals	Complete security, visibility	The experiment is quite long
Volcano	Clearly demonstrates the interaction of substances	Long preparations for the experiment
Experiment on the interaction of metals with various liquids	Effectiveness, safety	Requires a lot of time to carry out
Home fireworks	Entertainment and availability of substances used	Not safe

Most chemical home experiments, when carried out correctly, do not harm the child’s health, but it is better to carry them out under adult supervision. All the necessary substances can be found in any kitchen.

Experiments will reveal to children the secrets of the interaction of substances and arouse interest in understanding the world.

Article format: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Video on the topic: chemical experiments for children

Home miracle laboratory: chemical experiments for children:

And scientific holidays are becoming increasingly popular. For children and teenagers, entertaining experiences are something very exciting, magical and interesting. Become a wizard and show several interesting experiments It’s simple for children, but for them it’s a real holiday.

Experiments for children at home

Any, even the most amazing, can be explained with scientific point vision. But the children will still have great admiration and delight. We have selected for you the most interesting and exciting experiences that will delight both children and adults.

Experiment No. 1 - Tornado in a jar

In this experience we will be able to see with our own eyes a real tornado up close. They say that some who tried to see him went missing. Our whirlwind will be safe, but no less spectacular.

Would need:

Transparent glass jar with a lid (preferably oblong)
Dishwashing liquid
Food coloring
Sequins

Conducting the experiment:

Fill the jar 3/4 full with water.
Add a few drops of dishwashing liquid.
After some time, add dye and glitter. This will help you see the tornado better.
Close the jar with a lid and shake well.
Spin the liquid in the jar clockwise.

Explanation: When you swirl the can in a circular motion, it creates a vortex of water that looks like a mini tornado. Inside the speed is slower, along the edge it is faster. The water rotates rapidly around the center of the vortex due to centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is the force within a guiding object or fluid, such as water, relative to the center of its circular path.

Experiment #2 - Invisible ink

Invisible ink is an interesting experience that will surprise and delight any child. Children will then be able to write their own secret messages to their friends.

Would need:

Lemon
Cotton swab
Bottle
Any decorations at your discretion (hearts, sparkles, beads, sequins)

Conducting the experiment:

Squeeze out a little lemon juice into a glass.
Dip a cotton swab into it and write your secret message. Put it in a bottle and decorate it a little.
In order for the inscription to appear, you need to heat the paper with the inscription (iron it with an iron, hold it over the fire or in the oven). Be careful not to let children do this themselves.

Explanation: Lemon juice is an organic substance that can oxidize (react with oxygen). When heated, it turns brown and “burns” faster than paper. Orange juice, milk, vinegar, wine, honey and onion juice also have the same effect.

Experiment No. 3 - Soap bubbles in the cold

What could be more fun for children than blowing soap bubbles? Children will be amazed to see how they freeze in the fresh air.

Would need:

Bubble
Frosty weather

Conducting the experiment:

We go outside with a jar of soap solution to severe frost.
Blowing bubbles. Immediately, small crystals appear at different points on the surface, which quickly grow and finally merge. If the weather is not very frosty and the bubbles do not freeze, you will need a snowflake: as soon as you have blown a soap bubble, drop a snowflake on it, and you will see how it will immediately slide down and the bubble will freeze.

Explanation: When there is frost and contact with frosty air or a snowflake, the crystallization process immediately begins, so the soap bubble freezes.

Experiment No. 4 - DIY helium balloons

Would need:

Air balloons
Empty bottle (1 or 1.5 l.)
Tea spoon
Funnel
Table vinegar
Baking soda

Conducting the experiment:

Fill the bottle with vinegar about a third full.
Through a funnel, pour 2-3 tsp into the ball. soda We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.
Pour the contents of the ball into the bottle.

Explanation: As a result of the interaction of soda and vinegar, carbon dioxide is released, which fills the ball. But such a ball will not fly on its own; in order to make it attach to the ceiling, it should be rubbed and thereby electrified, and then it will be able to stay under the ceiling for 5 hours!

Experiment No. 5 - Simple motor

Would need:

Battery
Copper wire
Neodymium magnet

Conducting the experiment:

We bend the copper wire, the ends of the wire should not connect.
Using pliers, make a small dent on the positive terminal of the battery.
We place the battery minus on the magnet, put the wire on top of the battery. The free ends of the wire should lightly touch the magnet.

Explanation: We put a battery on the magnet and then place a wire heart on it. The system begins to rotate. This happens because in the wire there is electric charge. And this is nothing more than the ordered movement of charged particles. Each of them is subject to a magnetic field, which deflects the direction of their movement. This deflection is called the Lorentz force. Charged particles move in a circle, creating rotation of the structure. The battery will run out after some time and the movement will stop. But the impression will remain.

Experiment No. 6 - Paper bottom

Would need:

Cup
Paper

Conducting the experiment:

Pour water into a glass.
Cut out a square of paper and place it on a glass.
Carefully turn over. The paper stuck to the glass as if magnetized, and the water did not spill out. Miracles!

Explanation: When we cover a glass of water with a piece of paper and turn it over, water presses on the sheet on one side, and air on the other side (from the very bottom). The air pressure is greater than the water pressure in the glass, which is why the leaf does not fall.

Experience #7 - Walking on Eggs

Would need:

two trays of fresh chicken eggs
who wants to walk through them and is in a good mood.

Conducting the experiment:

Place a garbage bag or oilcloth on the floor (for hygienic purposes).
Place 2 trays of eggs on top.
By evenly distributing your weight and placing your feet correctly, you will be able to literally walk on raw and fragile eggs with your bare feet.

Explanation: It's no secret that breaking an egg doesn't cost anything. However, the architecture of the egg is so unique that with uniform pressure, the stress is distributed harmoniously throughout the shell and prevents the fragile egg from cracking. Try it today, it's very exciting!

Experiment No. 8 - Clean hands

This project by an inspired teacher is a fun and visual way to teach children the importance of personal hygiene. Using only 3 slices of bread, the woman was able to clearly tell first-graders why it is really important to wash your hands before eating.

Would need:

3 slices of bread
3 zip bags
clean and dirty hands

Carrying out: The bread in the first bag is a control sample. Place a piece of bread in the second bag washed hands. Well, the third is a piece of bread, which you let all the kids touch with unwashed hands after a walk. After just a week, children will be able to see from their own experience that hygiene is very important!

Experience No. 8 - Flower magic

In this experiment we will be able to paint flowers with our own hands in any color. There will be no limit to the surprise of children when, before their eyes, the flowers change their color over a period of time.

Would need:

White carnation, chrysanthemum or chamomile.
Food coloring in any color, but we'll choose blue.
A jar or vase, a knife and a camera to capture the results later home experience and leave a photo of a flower of unearthly beauty as a souvenir.

Conducting the experiment:

Take a small jar or glass vase and pour water room temperature, dilute blue food coloring.
Cut off the end of the stem evenly sharp knife. Place the flower in colored water.
After about 3 hours, the carnation petals begin to turn bluish at the edges. The veins of the flower are also colored.
After a day, the flower will already noticeably turn blue. Sometimes the edges of the petals are brighter, sometimes the middle. But after two days the flower will definitely turn blue.

Explanation: The flower used to grow in the ground, it had root system. Through special vessels - capillaries - water from the soil flowed to all parts of the plant. If its root is cut off, it does not lose the ability to “drink” water using capillaries. Through them, like through tubes, the water rises. In our case, it was painted. Therefore, the flower, penetrated by capillaries, also changed color.

Experiment No. 9 - Sprouting peas

Experiments with sprouting for children vary; you can use almost any unprocessed cereals and beans. In our germination experiment we use peas. This experience will help children better understand where plants come from and how they grow.

Would need:

Peas
Saucer
Cotton swab
Flowerpot
Earth

Conducting the experiment:

You need to take three peas from a regular package purchased at the store. But our goal is not to use them in cooking, but to prove their viability.
Place a piece on a saucer soft fabric such as gauze or bandage (as an option - a large cotton swab). Pour some water there. Place peas on top. Cover with the same cloth. Place the saucer in a warm place away from a draft or next to a radiator.
Around the second day, sprouts will appear from the peas - first a root, and then a leaf. Plant the sprouts in a pot of soil (not too deep). In the evenings, we water the peas and wait for the sprouts to sprout.
In two days, green shoots will appear. When they grow up, you need to stick long sticks into the ground and tie the peas to them with a thread. It will grow up along them. Then the peas will get stronger, pods will appear, and in them there will be real peas.

Explanation: Our peas sprouted because favorable conditions were created for this process. The peas needed warmth and moisture. If it were humid, but cold and dark - for example, in the refrigerator, the peas would not germinate. Or, for example, where it would be warm, but there would be no moisture (say, in a dry cloth), the peas would not “come to life” either. For rapid germination, access to light and oxygen is also needed, and the peas had them.

Experiment #10 - Lava lamp

In the next experiment we will reproduce the legendary lava lamp. This is a very beautiful and spectacular experience that children will especially enjoy.

Would need:

The oil can be refined sunflower oil or baby oil for skin (it is more transparent)
Food coloring dissolved in water
Soluble effervescent tablet (you can use aspirin or any other)
Glass vase
Funnel

Conducting the experiment:

First of all, fill the vase with water about a quarter full.
Then pour oil through a funnel along the edge of the vase; the oil should lie on top of the water.
Then we take the dissolved food coloring through disposable pipettes and drip it into the vase around the perimeter. We observe how the drops fall first onto the surface of the water, and then mix with the water in snakes.
When the bottom layer of water becomes colored, the experiment can be continued. - We throw a piece of an effervescent tablet into a vase; when it comes into contact with water, the tablet begins to dissolve and colored bubbles rise into the layer of oil. We observe the beautiful effect as colored droplets of water rise and descend again to the lower layer.

Explanation: Oil does not dissolve in water due to a stronger molecular structure than water, that is, oil molecules are connected more tightly to each other.

Experiment No. 11 - Surface tension or water slide

A slide can be built from almost anything - sand, salt, sugar, and even clothes. Is it possible to make a slide out of water?

Would need:

Glass tumbler
A handful of coins (or, for example, nuts, washers, or other small metal objects)
Water (preferably cold)
Vegetable oil

Conducting the experiment:

Take a well-washed dry glass,
Grease the edges a little vegetable oil and fill it with water to capacity.
Now very carefully drop one coin into it.

Result. As the coins are lowered into the glass, the water will not pour out of it, but will begin to rise little by little, forming a slide. This is clearly visible if you look at the glass from the side.

As the number of coins in the glass increases, the slide will become higher and higher - the surface of the water will inflate, as if balloon. However, on some coin this ball will burst, and water will flow in streams along the walls of the glass.

Explanation: In this experiment, a slide on the surface of the water is formed mainly due to physical properties water, called surface tension. Its essence is that a thin film of its particles (molecules) is formed on the surface of any liquid. This film is stronger than the liquid inside the volume. To break it, you need to apply force. It is thanks to the film that the slide is formed. However, if the water pressure under the film turns out to be very high (the slide rises too high), it will burst.

The second reason for the formation of a slide is that water does not wet the surface of the glass well (cold water is worse than hot water). What does it mean? When interacting with a solid surface, water does not stick well to it and does not spread well. That is why it does not immediately flow over the edge of the glass when a slide is formed. In addition, to reduce wetting, the edges of the glass in the experiment were lubricated with vegetable oil. If, for example, gasoline, which wets glass very well, was used instead of water, no slide would have worked.

Experiment No. 12 - Egg in a bottle

Is it possible to put an egg in a bottle without breaking either the bottle or the egg? Yes, if it is quail. But we will do this with a regular egg.

Would need:

A bottle whose neck diameter is smaller than an egg
Thin strip of paper
A little vegetable oil

Conducting the experiment:

Boil the egg and peel it.
Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.
Light the paper and drop it into the bottom of the bottle.
Then immediately place the egg on the neck. When the paper goes dark, the egg will be sucked inside.

Explanation: The fire burns the oxygen in the bottle and rarefied air is formed in it. Low pressure from inside and normal Atmosphere pressure outside they work together and push the egg into the bottle. Due to its elasticity, it slips through a narrow neck.

We told and explained the most interesting . We hope that our article was interesting and useful for you. Good luck with your experimentation, but be vigilant and attentive!

My personal experience teaching chemistry showed that a science such as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial information and practice. Schoolchildren very often neglect this subject. I personally observed how an 8th grade student, when he heard the word “chemistry,” began to wince, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that due to dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school secretly from his parents. Of course, the school curriculum is designed in such a way that the teacher must teach a lot of theory in the first chemistry lessons. Practice seems to fade into the background precisely at the moment when the student cannot yet independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. In big cities, things are currently better with reagents and instruments. As for the province, just like 10 years ago and now, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and becoming interested in chemistry, as well as other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And this is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska-Curie (schoolchildren also study all of these researchers in physics lessons) began experimenting from childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made precisely in home chemical laboratories, since studying chemistry in institutes was available only to people of means.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. This is where home chemical experiments come to the rescue. By observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why things happen this way and not otherwise. And when on school lessons the young researcher will encounter similar concepts, the teacher’s explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own own experience conducting home chemical experiments and knowledge gained.

It is very important to start studying natural sciences from ordinary observations and real-life examples that you think will be most successful for your child. Here are some of them. Water is Chemical substance, consisting of two elements, as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, but without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing more than silicon oxide, and is also the main raw material for glass production.

A person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. During exhalation, another complex substance is released - carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to your child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child who, for example, has already started studying chemistry at school, can be explained that almost all elements can be found in the human body periodic table D. I. Mendeleev. Not only are all chemical elements present in a living organism, but each of them performs some biological function.

Chemistry also includes medicines, without which many people nowadays cannot live a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives leaves their green color.

Cooking is complicated chemical processes. Here is an example of how dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for getting a child interested in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch an educational film about him (films about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov are now available).

Many people believe that real chemistry This harmful substances, experimenting with them is dangerous, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences that you can do with your child without harming your health. And these home chemical experiments will be no less exciting and instructive than those that come with explosions, acrid odors and clouds of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home because of their complexity or lack of necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in her kitchen. You can buy them at your local hardware store or pharmacy. Test tubes for conducting home chemical experiments can be replaced with bottles of tablets. You can use it to store reagents glass jars, for example, from baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the container with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the test tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when it heats up and not get burned, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to allocate several steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a stand for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the block.

To filter the resulting substances you will need a paper filter. It is very easy to make according to the diagram given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are in elementary school, performing chemical experiments at home with their parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, perhaps it is precisely this empirical method of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, and plants through experiments that will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even organize some kind of competitions in the family to see who has the most successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of your child's age or ability to read and write, I recommend keeping a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist always writes down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches the instruments and describes the progress of the work.

When you and your child first begin to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing you need to remember is safety.

To do this, you must follow the following safety rules:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then it is better to conduct experiments on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. You need to get thin and thick gloves (they are sold at a pharmacy or hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a coat.

5. Laboratory glassware should not be further used for food.

6. Home chemical experiments should not involve cruelty to animals or violations ecological system. Acidic chemical wastes must be neutralized with soda, and alkaline ones with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of a gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the container directly to your face, but, holding it at some distance, direct the air above the container towards you by waving your hand and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small quantities of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate inscription (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

You should start learning chemistry with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing your child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the basic aggregative states of substances and the properties of water. To begin with, you can show your preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, accompanying this with an explanation that water is a universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in liquid.

Experience No. 1 “Because - without water and neither here nor there”

Water is a liquid chemical substance consisting of two elements as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two test tubes. Pour into them equal amounts of baking soda and citric acid. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, but not into the other. In a test tube in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to be released. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that without water many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. It can be explained to schoolchildren that an exchange reaction occurred, as a result of which carbon dioxide was released.

Experiment No. 2 “What is dissolved in tap water”

Reagents and equipment: transparent glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour into a transparent glass tap water and put it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing more than gases dissolved in water. IN cold water gases dissolve better. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases stop dissolving and settle on the walls. Such a home chemical experiment also allows you to introduce your child to the gaseous state of matter.

Experiment No. 3 “What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent”

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifying glass

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already started studying chemistry at school, you can read the label on mineral water, where its composition is indicated, and write the formulas of the compounds contained in the mineral water.

Experiment No. 4 “Filtering water mixed with sand”

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and add a little river sand there, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean test tube into the rack. Slowly pour the sand and water mixture through a funnel with a paper filter. The river sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in the test tube.

Discussion: Chemical experience allows us to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. The experience also introduces one of the methods for purifying mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the 8th grade chemistry textbook. In this case, the mixture is sand and water, the pure substance is the filtrate, and river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify your study this process, we can delve a little deeper into the history of cleaning drinking water.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th and 7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now the territory of Armenia) to purify drinking water. Its residents built a water supply system using filters. Thick fabric and charcoal. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay channels equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Water was passed through such a filter several times, ultimately many times, ultimately achieving best quality water.

One of the most interesting experiments is growing crystals. The experiment is very visual and gives an idea of many chemical and physical concepts.

Experiment No. 5 “Growing sugar crystals”

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pot; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with preparation sugar syrup. Take a saucepan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. Place over medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the crystal seeds - rods. Sprinkle a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and poke a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the paper fits tightly to the skewer.

Then pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this way the process of crystal ripening will be more exciting and visual). The syrup must be hot, otherwise the crystals will not grow.

You can make colored sugar crystals. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

The crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting candies if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then the experiment can be carried out with ordinary threads.

Discussion: Crystal is solid state substances. He has a certain form and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Substances whose atoms are arranged regularly so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called crystalline, are considered crystalline. Row crystals chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays a huge role in technology. Diamond saws are used to cut stones. There are three ways to form crystals: crystallization from a melt, from a solution and from the gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from sea water. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common method of artificial growth - crystallization from solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution with the slow evaporation of the solvent - water or with a slow decrease in temperature.

The following experiment allows you to obtain at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before conducting the experiment, I advise you to watch the short film “Life” with your child. great ideas. Smart iodine." The film gives an idea of the benefits of iodine and unusual story his discovery, which the young researcher will remember for a long time. And it is interesting because the discoverer of iodine was an ordinary cat.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the French scientist Bernard Courtois noticed that the products obtained from the ash of seaweed that washed up on the shores of France contained some substance that corroded iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from algae ash. An accident helped speed up the discovery.

At his small saltpeter production plant in Dijon, Courtois planned to conduct several experiments. There were vessels on the table, one of which contained a tincture of seaweed in alcohol, and the other a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. His favorite cat was sitting on the scientist’s shoulders.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped and ran away, sweeping away the flasks on the table with her tail. The vessels broke, the contents were mixed, and a violent chemical reaction suddenly began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on objects and debris. Courtois began to investigate it. The crystals of this previously unknown substance were called “iodine”.

So it was opened new element, and Bernard Courtois's pet cat went down in history.

Experiment No. 6 “Obtaining iodine crystals”

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, glass or cylinder, napkin.

Experiment: Mix water with iodine tincture in the proportion: 10 ml iodine and 10 ml water. And put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During the cooling process, iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. Drain the liquid, remove the iodine precipitate and place it on a napkin. Squeeze with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extraction or extraction of one component from another. In this case, water extracts iodine from the alcohol solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experiment of Courtois the cat without smoke and breaking of dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the film. Thus, you will show that there is an inextricable connection between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of other useful substance– starch. The following experiment will introduce the young experimenter to a separate, very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experiment No. 7 “Iodine-indicator of starch content”

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, pieces of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then drop a few drops of iodine into a glass with diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

Using a pipette, drop iodine dissolved in water onto an apple, banana, bread, one at a time.

We observe:

The apple did not turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. The bread turned very blue. This part of the experiment shows the presence of starch in various foods.

Discussion: Starch reacts with iodine to give a blue color. This property allows us to detect the presence of starch in various products. Thus, iodine is like an indicator or analyzer of starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar; if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, it will turn blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple is ripe, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple, when treated with iodine, will not turn blue at all.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction, and qualitative reaction.

Experiment No. 8 “Flame coloring or compound reaction”

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, alcohol lamp

Experiment: Using tweezers, take a few crystals of coarse table salt. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame will turn yellow.

Discussion: This experiment allows us to conduct chemical reaction combustion, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in table salt, during combustion it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. The appearance of a yellow flame indicates that the reaction has completed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, they can be used to determine whether a substance contains sodium or not.