The official business style is used in the field of business and official relations between people and institutions, in the field of law and legislation. Officially- business speech inherent accuracy of formulation (which would eliminate ambiguity of understanding), some impersonality and dryness of presentation (it is brought up for discussion, not we bring it up for discussion; cases of non-fulfillment of the contract are noted, etc.), a high degree of standardization, reflecting a certain order and regulation of business relations .
In connection with these properties of the official business style, stable, clichéd phrases play a big role in it: to impute a duty, due to absence, to take measures, for lack of it, after the expiration of a deadline, etc. A striking sign of business style are combinations with verbal nouns: establishing control, eliminating deficiencies, implementing a program, checking execution, etc.
A significant number of speech genres are distinguished here: law, resolution, communiqué, diplomatic note, treaty, instruction, announcement, report, explanatory note, complaint, statement, different kinds judicial investigative documentation, indictment, examination report, verdict, etc.
It is also necessary to take into account the conditions of communication, which in the business sphere determine the appearance of such a typical feature of the official business style as standardization (pattern, form). Since in legal relations everything is regulated, and communication is carried out according to certain standards that facilitate this communication, to the extent that the speech standard, the pattern, turns out to be inevitable, necessary and even expedient and justified.
Due to the obligatory prescriptive nature and the need to formulate legal norms, business speech is also characterized by a special way of presentation. Narration, reasoning and description are not presented here in their “pure” form.
Since in the texts of state acts it is usually necessary not to prove something (analysis and argumentation precedes the compilation of these texts), but to establish and regulate, then these texts, in general, are not characterized by reasoning. The absence of this method sharply distinguishes the official business style from the scientific one, which is similar in a number of other features. This method of presentation, as a narrative, is also not typical for the business sphere of communication, since there is no need to talk about any events. Only in such genres as a protocol, a report, partly an agreement, and some parts of a resolution (statements) is there an appeal to a narrative style of presentation.
There are almost no “pure” descriptions in business speech. What looks outwardly like a description actually turns out to be a special prescriptive-statistical way of presentation, in which, for example, the present tense forms of the verb are assumed to have a subtext of obligation.
The official business style is divided into two varieties, two substyles - official-documentary and everyday business.
Each of the subtypes of official business style is unique. So, for example, the language of diplomacy has its own lexical system, rich in international terms(communique, attache, doyen); it uses etiquette words (king, queen, prince, Shahinshah, His Highness, His Excellency, etc.); The syntax of the language of diplomacy is characterized by long sentences, extended periods with branched conjunctions, with participial and participial phrases, infinitive constructions, introductory and isolated expressions.
The language of laws is the official language, the language of government, in which it speaks to the population. It requires precision in the expression of thoughts, generality, a complete lack of individualization of speech, and standard presentation.
Official correspondence is characterized, first of all, by high standardization. The existence of models and their speech variants, i.e. standards, greatly facilitates the preparation of business letters. Business letters they are composed, not written. Brevity and accuracy are also necessary attributes of business letters.
Business papers (application, autobiography, receipt, etc.) should also be written briefly and clearly. They are compiled in a certain form.
Linguistic features of official business style
Vocabulary. 1. The lexical system of the official business style includes, in addition to common and neutral words, words and set phrases that have the connotation of an official business style. For example: proper, above, forwarded, recipient, present (meaning “this”).
- 2. The second feature of the lexical system of the official business style is the presence in it large quantity words belonging to professional (legal and diplomatic) terminology. For example: legislation, conduct, act, powers, levy, legal entity, revoke, revocation.
- 3. The vocabulary of the official business style is characterized by a complete absence of slang, colloquial words, dialectisms and words with an emotionally expressive connotation.
- 4. A feature of this style is also the presence of stable phrases of the attributive-nominal type with a connotation of an official business nature: cassation appeal, one-time allowance, established procedure (usually in the prepositional case: “in in the prescribed manner"), preliminary examination, conviction, acquittal.
- 5. The specificity of the lexical system of the official business style is the presence in it of archaisms, as well as historicisms. Archaisms: this, that, such, assurance of respect. Historicisms: His Excellency, Your Majesty. The named lexical units are found in certain genres of official business documents, for example, historicisms - in government notes.
- 6. From a number of synonyms in the official business style, words are always selected that express the will of the legislator, such as, for example, decree, oblige, prohibit, permit, etc., but not say, advise.
- 7. Many of the words of the official business style appear in antonymous pairs: rights - duties, plaintiff - defendant, democracy - dictatorship, prosecutor - lawyer, accusatory - acquittal. Note that these are not contextual, but rather linguistic antonyms.
Morphology. 1. Among the nouns, names of people are used in an official business style based on a characteristic determined by some action or attitude; for example: tenant, tenant, adoptive parent, plaintiff, defendant.
- 2. Nouns denoting positions and ranks are used here only in the masculine form: witness Ivanova, police officer Sidorova.
- 3. Verbal nouns are widely represented: exile, deprivation, execution, finding, liberation; among them, verbal nouns with the prefix non-: non-fulfillment, non-compliance, non-recognition occupy a special place.
- 4. To avoid inaccuracies, the noun is not replaced by a pronoun and is repeated even in a nearby sentence.
- 5. The “morphological sign” of the official business style is the use of complex denominative prepositions: for purposes, in relation to, on the subject, in force, in part, etc. Their stylistic coloring is revealed when compared with simple prepositions and conjunctions involved in the formalization of similar relations ; compare: for the purpose of preparation - to prepare, for preparation; due to violation - due to violation.
- 6. In formal business style there is the highest among functional styles Russian language percentage of infinitive compared to other verb forms. Often this ratio reaches 5:1, while in scientific speech it is equal to 1:5.
This quantitative increase in the share of the infinitive is associated with the goal of most official business documents - to express the will, the establishment of the legislator.
7. Of the conjugated forms, the present tense forms are most often used here, but with a different meaning compared to the scientific style. This meaning is defined as “present injunction”, as opposed to “present timeless”, which is common in scientific style.
Syntax. 1. Of the syntactic constructions that have the coloring of an official business style, we note phrases that include complex denominative prepositions: in part, along the line, on the subject, in order to avoid, as well as a combination with the preposition by and prepositional case, expressing a temporary meaning: upon return, upon reaching.
- 2. The need for detailed presentation and reservations explains the complication simple sentences numerous isolated phrases, homogeneous members, often lined up in a long chain of points. This entails an increase in the size of a sentence (including a simple one) to several hundred word uses.
- 3. The percentage of complex sentences is relatively low, especially with subordinate clauses; the number of means of expressing logic and consistency of presentation in business speech is three times less than in scientific speech. Characteristic, however, is the widespread use of conditional constructions, since many texts (codes, charters, instructions) require stipulating the conditions of offenses and law and order.
- 4. In many genres of official business texts, infinitive constructions with the meaning of must are widely represented, for example: The indicated decisions must be announced to the public.
- 5. The syntax of the official business style is characterized by “stringing the genitive case,” i.e. the use of complex phrases with several dependent components in the genitive case without a preposition.
- 6. The official business style, like the scientific one, is also characterized by an objective word order, and
Grammatical features of official business style
A comparison of business, scientific, journalistic (newspaper) and literary texts allows us to highlight some grammatical features of the official business style:
1. Predominant use of simple sentences (usually narrative, personal, general, complete). Interrogative and exclamatory sentences practically never occur. Of the one-part ones, only impersonal ones are actively used and in some types of documents (orders, official letters) - definitely personal: For the purposes of... it is necessary to highlight...; In case... it will be necessary to reduce...; I order...; Draw your attention to...
From complex sentences non-union and complex subordinate clauses with subordinate explanatory, attributive, conditional, reasons and goals, as well as constructions like... fulfilled contractual conditions are more common, which allows... Widespread use of constructions with denominate prepositions (In the order of supervision...; In connection with refusal...; ...due to under-delivery of materials) allows you to avoid the use of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of reason, purpose, conditionals. Subordinate clauses of place and time are generally rarely used.
Formal business style serves purely official human relationships.
This is a relationship between countries; state power and the population; between organizations, enterprises, institutions; between society and the individual; between different organizations and people.
Formal business style can be divided into two varieties - two substyles:
a) official document, that is, the language of diplomacy, laws: a diplomatic appeal from one government to another, an international treaty, an official message, mainly on issues of an international nature, a law, a charter, a diplomatic document with a detailed statement of the government’s views on some issue, an official message, civil act, and others;
b) everyday business, that is, clerical (order, instruction, official correspondence, business papers: characterization, statement, autobiography, receipt, power of attorney, report, certificate, protocol, memorandum and others).
The main, defining feature of such a text, the dominant feature of the official business style in general, is extreme accuracy, which does not allow for other interpretations. This determines such features of style as strict tonality and standard means of expression.
In general, the official business style is characterized by stylistic uniformity and rigor, objectivity and partly impersonality of presentation. Emotionality, subjective assessment and conversation are contraindicated for him. Business texts are characterized by content completeness, accuracy, clarity, and cumbersome structures (due to the desire for accuracy). In this respect, business style approaches scientific style.
However, there is no identity between these styles. For business texts, these requirements, unlike scientific ones, are vital. Without them, a business text cannot become a document. Actually, a document then becomes a document when it is drawn up and certified in a certain, standard form. It is no coincidence that special forms, forms, etc. are so widely used in business communication.
Language level: Vocabulary
Language tool:
Common literary words that have received special meanings (names of persons according to their function; documents and their parts; designation of actions of officials, official procedures).
Example:
Plaintiff, defendant, investor, taxpayer, contractor, tenant, order, instruction, order, act, telephone message, personal account, agenda, listened, were present, I do not object, I approve, agreed.
Language tool:
Stationery (that is, words that are not used outside business style).
Example:
Proper, undersigned, above, named.
Language tool:
Low-frequency, often archaic (outdated) vocabulary used in diplomatic documents.
Example:
His Excellency, His Highness.
Language tool:
Compound words, graphic abbreviations with strictly established rules their reduction.
Example:
Ministry of Energy, Technical Supervision, Rayfo, region. (region), head (Head), Corresponding Member (corresponding member), etc. (and so on), see (look).
Language tool:
Standard forms of document presentation (stamps).
Example:
Pay attention to; behind reporting period; for security purposes; in a spirit of mutual understanding; The following shortcomings are noted; contracting parties; bring to justice; listening and discussing; Based on the foregoing.
Language level: Morphology
Language tool:
The predominance of nouns (especially verbal ones, which often form phrases with incomplete verbs).
Example:
Execution, instruction, decision, acceptance, delivery; take part, have an application, express regret, influence.
Language tool:
Frequency of “stringing” genitive cases of dependent nouns (and adjectives).
Example:
The importance of strengthening the nonproliferation regime nuclear weapons; sanitary maintenance common property residential building of the municipal housing stock.
Language tool:
Almost complete absence of personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons and corresponding forms of the verb (the exception is statements, powers of attorney and other special documents, as well as orders where the form is used - I order).
Example:
I, Yulia Nikiforovna Ivanova, trust Nonna Ivanovna Ivanova... to receive my scholarship...; Please excuse me from classes...
Language tool:
The frequency of verbs in the indefinite form, as well as the predominance of present tense forms with the meaning of obligation and prescription.
Example:
Enroll, appoint, dismiss, it is recommended to retain, approve the initiative, should be considered.
Language tool:
Using masculine forms when naming women by profession.
Example:
Teacher A.S. Bobnovskaya, section chief U.F. Bablova.
Language tool:
Replacing simple prepositions (because, by, etc.) with nominal ones.
Example:
Due to the lack of food, due to the beginning of heating season, according to the order.
Language tool:
Mandatory use capital letter in personal and possessive pronouns.
Example:
I ask for your consent, I am making a request to you.
Language level: Syntax
Language tool:
The use of complex syntactic structures with a large number of isolated and clarifying phrases, homogeneous members, introductory and inserted constructions.
Example:
I, Petrova Natalya Rustamovna, 2nd year student of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow state university, I trust Inna Petrovna Nabieva, who lives at the address: Moscow, st. Stavropolskaya, 1, apt. 4; passport: series 33 11, No. 123431, issued by the Komsomolsky Department of Internal Affairs of Krasnodar on May 3, 2003, receive my scholarship in the amount of 1200 (one thousand two hundred) rubles.
Language tool:
Widespread use of impersonal sentences with the meaning of prescription, order, necessity.
Example:
It is necessary to improve, provide a certificate, entrust it to the headman, consider it necessary, strengthen control.
Language tool:
Lack of replacement of a noun with a pronoun and, accordingly, repetition of nouns and phrases.
Example:
The appearance of the defendant is mandatory and the hearing of the case in the absence of the defendant is allowed only:
1) with the express consent of the defendant;
2) if it is proven that the defendant has evaded serving a summons to appear in court or is hiding from court.
The official business style is much more common in life than you might think. You see it in instructions, in any documents of organizations (no matter government or commercial), in legislative acts, V methodological developments and so on.
The main function of this style is to inform – convey extremely accurate and concise information. Therefore, the information richness of texts written in an official business style is very high, although difficult to understand.
Read about all styles of speech (text).
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Characteristics of formal business style
Among the main style features are the following:
- informational orientation - in order to remain in the exclusively administrative and legal sphere of activity;
- accuracy and standardization of formulations - sometimes to the detriment of ease of perception;
- rigid logical structure of both sentences and the text itself as a whole;
- lack of emotionality and evaluativeness - in texts written in an official business style, there are either facts or reasonable hypotheses, and a subjective approach to the things presented is completely excluded.
On language levels stylistic features appear as follows:
- in vocabulary - as a rule, the texts use mainly words and terms of the official business sphere;
- in morphology - clericalisms and linguistic clichés (set expressions) are actively exploited; complex prepositions;
- in syntax - texts of the named style are composed mainly of significant length, voluminous sentences, as a rule, complex and in various ways complicated.
Official business style: analysis of examples
Let's look at examples of our style so that its features become clearer.
Excerpt from the document:
According to Civil Code Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter - LLC) is recognized as approved by one or more persons commercial organization, authorized capital which is divided into shares determined by the constituent documents. Unlike joint stock company, the right to a share is confirmed not by a security or a share, but only by a certificate, which, in accordance with the charter of the LLC, can be issued to its founders.
1 . In vocabulary From the above excerpt, the following layers can be distinguished:
- words that are called commonly used: participants, documents, society, persons, limited;
- terms: shares, limited liability company, code, founder, authorized capital, share, commercial organization;
- speech clichés: according to the code, in contrast to, in accordance with.
2. Let's look at the morphology the specified excerpt from the document. The following points should be highlighted here:
- verbal nouns predominate: organization, founders, participants;
- often there are nouns with the general meaning of persons: persons, participants;
- stringing of nouns in the instrumental and genitive case: Unlike a joint-stock company, the right to a share is confirmed not by a security or share, but only by a certificate that, in accordance with the charter of the LLC, can be issued to its founders;
- predominance of participles and gerunds over verbs.
3. Syntax. There are also interesting points here:
- sentences, as a rule, are voluminous (in this case we have two such sentences, and they completely make up the given passage);
- the sentences use direct word order: a limited liability company is recognized as..., the authorized capital... is divided;
- According to the purpose of the statement in the above passage, all sentences are narrative;
- a complex sentence is further complicated, firstly, by participial phrases (defined by the constituent documents), and secondly, by homogeneous members (According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as LLC) is a commercial organization approved by one or more persons, the charter whose capital is divided into shares).
Excerpt from the document:
During the war in the village. Borovoe, 45 houses out of 77 survived. The collective farmers had 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 piglets. Most gardens personal plots, as well as Orchard with total area 2.7 hectares belonging to the Krasnaya Zarya collective farm were cut down. The damage caused by the Nazi invaders to the property of the collective farm and collective farmers is estimated at approximately 230,700 rubles.
Residents in the village to our arrival military units there were 64 out of 370.
There were cases of forcible removal of residents to work for the occupiers... Currently, it has been completely restored in the village. Borovoy farm of the collective farm "Red Dawn".
1. In vocabulary Let us note the following layers:
- words of general use: survived, residents, gardens.
- terms and established expressions: damage, removal, total area, Nazi invaders.
- frequent speech clichés: remained in stock, the damage caused is calculated, took place, most of the gardens.
- despite the rare inversion (there were cases of forcible removal), the word order is most often direct: most of the gardens... were cut down, the damage... was calculated, the inhabitants... were numbered;
- a large number of numerals expressing statistical data: 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 piglets remained.
2. Let's analyze the morphology the given passage. As you can see, in this example the same as in the first:
- verbal nouns and nouns with abstract meaning: removal, work, occupiers, arrival, time, damage;
- nouns having general meaning persons: residents, occupiers, collective farmers;
- there is a stringing of nouns in the instrumental and genitive case: damage caused by the Nazi invaders of the property of the collective farm and collective farmers.
3. In syntax The following points should be noted:
- sentences are cumbersome, usually dryly informative;
- the order of words is direct: caused by the Nazi invaders of the property of the collective farm and collective farmers;
- In terms of purpose, the statements are usually narrative, and in terms of intonation they are non-exclamatory.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the official business style is one of the most insidious. His formulations are so refined that they are firmly etched in the memory, and therefore clericalism and linguistic clichés actively penetrate into the books, making them look like a bad translation from a foreign language.
Remember: the facelessness and detachment of business-style vocabulary for good literature is a great evil. behind the words and expressions you choose for your stories and novels. And if bureaucracy has penetrated them, drive them out mercilessly!
Official business style in texts. Examples
Every modern person at least once in his life is faced with the need to write a text in an official business style. This is due modern requirements to communication between legal entities, private individuals and government agencies, or private individuals and legal entities. Simply put, when contacting an organization as a representative of another organization or as an individual, you will be forced to write text in an official business style.
One of the most common types of texts in business style is commercial proposal.
Send a request to write a text in a business style to: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
In order not to burden you with the rules of writing official business texts, let’s immediately look at a couple of examples.
Example of business text 1. Postponement.
To the director of LLC "..."
Kuznetsov N. S.
Dear Nikolai Sergeevich!
On January 12, we received a commercial proposal from you, in which you offer our company regular supplies of metal for projects implemented by our company.
Our management has reviewed your conditions and is ready to conclude an agreement of intent and, in the future, a cooperation agreement with you. The only obstacle to fruitful cooperation may be the impossibility of supplying rolled metal with deferred payment, which you refuse to provide to us.
We ask you to once again consider the possibility of providing a deferment for large-volume shipments! Otherwise, we will be forced to look for partners for regular supplies of rolled metal products among your competitors.
Sincerely,
Head of the commercial department Petryakova I.I.
Business text example 2. Claim
In March current year our company has entered into an agreement with you for the manufacture and installation plastic windows for equipment of office premises. The total number of windows was 48 pieces, the contract amount was 593,000 rubles.
Following the agreement, the windows had to be installed before September 1st. To date, only a third of the work has been completed, despite full payment from our side.
Considering that our company has fully fulfilled its payment obligations, we demand that the window installation work be completed in full as soon as possible, as well as eliminate the deficiencies described in previously sent claims by November 1, or return the money to us for uncompleted work . We also intend to demand compensation for the damage caused.
In case your company fails to fulfill its obligations under the contract, or in case of refusal to return Money and payment of compensation, we will appeal to the court of the Russian Federation, and also file a complaint with the Prosecutor of the Russian Federation at the location of your company.
See other examples below after reading the rules for writing text in a business style.
Rules for writing business text
Now you can get acquainted with the rules. So, from the examples it is clear that the main rule of a business text is to maintain a business style. What is “business style” in texts? This is, first of all, brevity of presentation, lack of emotion and facts.
In a business text, it is unacceptable to use emotionally charged expressions and colloquial expressions.
The first thing to remember when starting to write a business text in an official style is that your task is to summarize the essence of what you want to write as briefly as possible. Be it a complaint about someone’s actions (or inaction), a request for assistance, a claim, a demand, or something else.
The official business style is most often used in business to draw up commercial proposals, but in private life we often have to present ourselves in a business style when we are talking about communicating with government agencies, or about emerging issues. conflict situation, for example, when purchasing a low-quality product.
For texts in a business style, it is customary to use certain words, which is clearly visible in all the examples given.
“Following”, “considering”, “we ask you to consider the opportunity”, “we ask you to assist”, etc. The set of these phrases depends on the situation, and of course, you must learn to intuitively feel when to use the phrase “we ask you” and when “we demand”.
Other examples of texts in business style
Diverse. In every life situation there are certain norms of communication. In the official sphere, there are also specific norms that sometimes run counter to the general linguistic norms. This is a feature of the official business style. It is dry and insipid, all the turns in it are unambiguous and constant.
Formal business style: definition
Official business style is a style of business management and legislative acts that has been formed over many years. His characteristic feature constancy in the use of the same words and lexical phrases is considered.
Which every person periodically encounters in his life should be understandable and unambiguous. In addition, all its genres are written according to the same templates. Sometimes to get new document, it’s enough just to rewrite 2-3 words.
Stylistic features
Like anyone else, he has his own characteristic features. The official business style in business texts is characterized by accuracy and unambiguity of presentation, an obligatory-prescriptive character, complete impersonality, the absence of any emotional manifestations, standardization and stereotyping.
Any document should be interpreted in only one way. Therefore, all the data presented in it is unambiguous, because otherwise means confusion and lawlessness in any matter.
Since it is a business style, it is used to regulate the official sphere of human life and society. Everything that is stated in it must be fulfilled unquestioningly.
There cannot be any personal characteristics or subjective interpretations in the documents. Therefore, the official business style of the Russian literary language allows the presentation of personal information only in minor documents such as a statement or an explanatory statement to argue the need for a particular action.
The unambiguity of presentation is interpreted and high degree stereotyping. It is present at all levels of style: from a set of tokens to the general structure of the entire document.
Vocabulary of style
Like any other, the official business style in business texts uses a standard set of lexemes and phrases. First of all, these are words from the industry of official communication: prescribe, authorize, notify, plaintiff, head, law and the like. In other styles they are used much less frequently.
The second characteristic feature is the use of constant expressions and cliches of speech. This makes any text predictable, but at the same time completely unambiguous: based on, taking into account, in accordance with.
It is noteworthy that, despite the high level of impersonality, the use of first-person pronouns and verbs is allowed in an official business style. In comparison, in a scientific style this is completely unacceptable.
And the last feature is the presence of dry, slightly outdated clerical vocabulary, which in other styles sounds inappropriate and somewhat comical: takes place, is in a state of alcoholic intoxication, a liquid that looks like cognac.
Syntactic constructions
Based on the consistency of syntactic structures, each person can easily determine the official business style. Examples of it are well known to everyone from the school. And probably more than once in my life I had to write a statement or protocol.
At the syntactic level, the presence of small constructions, simple sentences, and a minimal number of complications, such as homogeneous members sentences or plug-in constructions. This is dictated by the need for simplicity and unambiguity in understanding the information presented in the document.
At the text level, there is a high level of standardization of its structure. For example, each statement begins with a header in the upper right corner, which indicates who is addressing whom. Next comes the text of the application itself, which ends with the date and signature of the applicant. The upper left corner of the document is left to overlay the resolution on this application. The same standardization is characteristic of all other genres.
Applications
It is quite widespread and can be encountered by any person all the time. Therefore, this style is divided into several substyles, depending on the industry of application.
Legislative documents are used to form the legal framework of society. It prescribes the rules by which every person subject to the influence of this particular document must live. Legislative acts also establish penalties for failure to comply with regulations.
The jurisdictional branch detects a violation and imposes punishment for it. This is also where cases are reviewed in connection with certain evidence or circumstances.
The administrative official business style is very common. Examples of such documents are even studied in the school curriculum. This includes documents regulating the activities of individual organizations and their interaction with individual individuals.
And the last branch is diplomatic. Relations between states depend on the correctness of documentation in this area. One wrong comma or word can cause a global conflict.
Genres
In practice, the official business style of speech has a wide variety of examples of texts. It would be quite problematic to name absolutely all genres in one article. Therefore, we will focus on the most popular of them, dividing them into groups depending on the industry of use.
Legislative documents include a law, act, decision, decree. They are compiled on higher levels authorities by specially trained people.
In the field of jurisprudence, the genres of official business style in the Russian language are represented by verdicts, court decisions, cassation appeals, search or detention warrants.
Administrative documents are among the most common. This includes a statement, autobiography, order, recommendation, fax, telephone message, receipt and many others.
In diplomacy, treaties, pacts, agreements, and conventions are most often used.
Business management
Much has already been said about how rich the official business style is in genres. Examples of their use are found all the time. This is an active style, used everywhere in Everyday life. Most often, an ordinary person encounters it in the business sector. When applying for a job, we write a resume, autobiography and application, submit certificates previous place work.
Basically, all these documents have approximately the same structure. They begin with an indication of the author who compiled this text, followed by a presentation of the material, which is certified by a signature and seal, if any.
Generalization
In Russian philology, the official business style of a document, language, speech has an active nature of use. It is highly standardized and has a certain set of words and expressions that are used contrary to some laws of the language.
For example, tautologies are not a stylistic error, since they contribute to an unambiguous understanding, which cannot be achieved by using pronouns for a more beautiful literary sound.
Every person in his life must be able to use this style, since it regulates the interaction of the individual with the organization, the state and the entire legal world as a whole.