There are two options for abbreviating academic degrees. The first method is described in GOST and is official. This method should be used to abbreviate the name of the degree and title in official documents. The second method is published on the RAS website and is not official, but very convenient.
Reduction of academic degrees in accordance with GOST
Based on GOST 7.12-93 “System of standards for information, library and publishing bibliographic records. Abbreviation of words in Russian general requirements and rules" The Ministry of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation issued order No. 145 dated August 31, 1998 "On approval of the regulations on the submission of a legal deposit of dissertations", which spells out the rules for abbreviating degrees, but on this moment this order has become invalid. You should focus on the design rules GOST 7.12-93. These abbreviations are considered official.
Accepted abbreviations of academic titles:
- professor - prof.
- Associate Professor - Assoc.
For example, it is required to abbreviate “candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor”; in accordance with GOST, it would be correct to say: “candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor.” To abbreviate “Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor” you need to write “Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor.”
Official list of abbreviations according to GOST
doctor biological sciences- Doctor of Biology sciences
Doctor of Veterinary Sciences - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. sciences
Doctor of Military Sciences - Doctor of Military Sciences. sciences
doctor geographical sciences- Doctor of Geography sciences
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Doctor of Geological and Mineral Sciences. sciences
Doctor of Art History - Doctor of Art History
Doctor of Historical Sciences - Doctor of History. sciences
doctor of cultural studies - Doctor of Cultural Studies
Doctor of Medical Sciences - dr med. sciences
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences - Dr. ped. sciences
Doctor of Political Sciences - Doctor of Political Sciences. sciences
Doctor of Psychological Sciences - Doctor of Psychology. sciences
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences sciences
Doctor of Sociological Sciences - Doctor of Sociology. sciences
Doctor of Technical Sciences - Doctor of Technical Sciences sciences
Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Doctor of Pharmacy. sciences
Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. sciences
Doctor of Philological Sciences - Doctor of Philology. sciences
Doctor of Philosophy - Doctor of Philosophy. sciences
Doctor of Chemical Sciences - Dr. Chem.. sciences
doctor economic sciences- Doctor of Economics sciences
doctor legal sciences- Doctor of Law sciences
candidate of biological sciences - cand. biol. sciences
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences - Candidate of Veterinary Sciences vet. sciences
candidate of military sciences - cand. military sciences
Candidate of Geographical Sciences - Cand. geogr. sciences
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Cand. geol.-mineral. sciences
candidate of art history - cand. art criticism
Candidate of Historical Sciences - Candidate of Sciences ist. sciences
Candidate of Cultural Studies - Ph.D. cultural studies
candidate of medical sciences - cand. honey. sciences
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences - Candidate of Sciences ped. sciences
candidate of political sciences - cand. watered sciences
candidate of psychological sciences - cand. psychol. sciences
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences - Cand. agricultural sciences
Candidate of Sociological Sciences - Ph.D. sociol. sciences
Candidate of Technical Sciences - Candidate of Sciences tech. sciences
Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Candidate of Sciences pharmacist. sciences
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences - cand. physics and mathematics sciences
candidate of philological sciences - cand. Philol. sciences
candidate of philosophical sciences - cand. Philosopher sciences
Candidate of Chemical Sciences - Candidate of Sciences chem. sciences
candidate of economic sciences - cand. econ. sciences
Candidate of Legal Sciences - Candidate of Sciences legal Sciences
This is a list of shorter abbreviations for academic degrees adopted by the Academy of Sciences, but this list of abbreviations is unofficial.
List of abbreviated names of RAS
Ph.D. - Candidate of Biological Sciences
Candidate of Military Sciences - Candidate of Military Sciences
Doctor of Geographical Sciences - Doctor of Geographical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Geographical Sciences
Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy - Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences
Doctor of History - Doctor of Historical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Historical Sciences
disk. - Doctor of Art History
k.isk. - Ph.D. in History of Arts
Doctor of Medical Sciences - Doctor of Medical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Medical Sciences
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences
Doctor of Political Science - Doctor of Political Sciences
PhD in Political Science - Candidate of Political Sciences
Ph.D. - Doctor of Psychology
Ph.D. - Candidate of Psychological Sciences
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
candidate of agricultural sciences - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Doctor of Sociology - Doctor of Sociological Sciences
PhD in Sociology - Candidate of Sociological Sciences
Doctor of Technical Sciences - Doctor of Technical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Technical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Pharmacological Sciences
Doctor of Philology - Doctor of Philology
Ph.D. - Candidate of Philology
Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Doctor of Philosophy - doctor of philosophical science
Ph.D. - Candidate of Philosophical Sciences
Doctor of Chemical Sciences - Doctor of Chemical Sciences
Ph.D. - PhD in Chemistry
Dan. - Doctor of Economic Sciences
Ph.D. - Candidate of Economic Sciences
Doctor of Law - Doctor of Law
Ph.D. - Candidate of Legal Sciences
How should the abbreviations of the titles of associate professor and professor in combination with the degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences be correctly written? The title "candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor" should be written as "candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor." The title "Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor" is correctly abbreviated as "PhD, Prof."
In completely informal correspondence on the Internet or on forums, abbreviations like: khn, ken are used. They look like an abbreviation, but that's not correct. There are dots missing between the letters.
If the teacher is an academician
academician - ak.
If you look at GOST, then you need to shorten it like this
A third of graduates of Russian universities make a “second attempt,” citing mistakes in choosing their first profession. More than a quarter of master's students, moving to the second stage of education, partially or completely change their profile. Why?
It is difficult for a person to find a path, to decide on the future direction of his career, professional development, without plunging into the practice of the chosen specialties. But at the 1st or 2nd stage of preparation this is not a big deal: there is a system of second higher education, a mode of changing a major through a master’s program, and preparatory business courses.
The situation is different with the third level of education – scientific. Here, full-fledged work is already being prepared, which can become the work of a person’s entire life. A mistake can lead a talented scientist away from the right field into a boring field that is personally uninteresting to him.
How can you get a PhD degree?
System Russian education takes this risk factor into account - it is included in the application format. De facto, competition is a constant state young specialist: he is looking for a profile (bachelor's degree), tools for development (research activities at the master's degree), and an area of application of accumulated knowledge (postgraduate studies).
But in the legally established concept of obtaining a scientific degree, only 2 paths are provided:
- a claim to the scientific field with mastery of a postgraduate program;
- application without undergoing postgraduate training.
In the first case, the student completes a master's degree, passes entrance exams, undergoes 3–4 years of preparation with involvement in the direct work of the department (teaching activities, development of methodological documentation), defends a candidate's thesis and receives a diploma.
The other path is more difficult, but may be more interesting for those who have not yet decided on a specific area of interest. The competition is an opportunity to obtain a PhD without postgraduate study. Implemented by Federal Law-273, enshrined in Order of the Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education and Science) No. 248.
What is a job application?
The applicant, along with future graduate students, takes candidate exams (special discipline, philosophy and history of science, foreign language). After which he gets access to scientific research, can choose a supervisor (a consultant, if his scientific work has been implemented - it is patented, it works, all that remains is to put it in the format of a dissertation).
Requirements for the student applicant:
- obligatory specialist diploma, master's degree;
- publications in publications different levels, conference papers;
- attachment to a scientific institution that trains graduate students (there must be a department of the relevant profile).
Attachment with us is carried out for a period of up to six months. The maximum period regulated by law is 3 years. The student devotes this time to finalizing the work and pre-defense/defense of the dissertation. He defends himself as an applicant, receives a candidate of science degree, and can apply for doctoral studies.
Who is suitable for applying?
Differences between undergraduate and postgraduate studies:
- takes longer (up to 5 years);
- the cost of training the applicant is significantly lower;
- The applicant does not have the right to a deferment from the army, but, having received an academic degree (candidate), he has the right to refuse to serve.
This format of preparation determines the advantage of applications for representatives of the fair sex, serious specialists with work experience who have come to the desire to engage in scientific practice. Often young scientists who have not finally decided on a profile prefer to apply for a job. The format is very convenient for employees of research institutes and universities who have already accumulated a huge amount of scientific information and ready to move on new level(including the level of earnings).
Assignment procedure
In Russia, the academic degree of Candidate of Sciences is awarded by the dissertation council based on the results of defending a candidate's dissertation. Then the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia decides to issue a candidate of sciences diploma.
Scientific branches
Depending on the specialty in which the candidate's dissertation is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees:
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Previously, there was also a PhD in Naval Science degree. For some time (around the 1940s), the academic degree of candidate of art history was called candidate of art history.
Many specialties allow applicants to be awarded an academic degree in several branches of science, depending on the predominant subject area of a particular dissertation. For example, in specialty 02.00.04 (physical chemistry), the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical or technical or chemical sciences can be awarded. At the same time, however, the principle of “one dissertation - one branch of science” is observed, regardless of the number of specialties of the dissertation and branches of science of the specialty. Also, a specific dissertation council may be limited in the range of degrees awarded depending on the industry.
Notes
Sources
- Regulatory documents on the website of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| Qualifications in education and science | |
|---|---|
| University graduates | Bachelor Specialist Master Licentiate |
| Academic degrees | PhD Doctor of Science Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |
| Academic titles | Associate Professor Professor |
| Academic titles | Corresponding Member Academician |
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See what “Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences” is in other dictionaries:
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences scientific degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Sciences Candidate of Sciences is an academic degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Sciences) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position... ... Wikipedia
Cover of a PhD diploma (Soviet model)
Professional portrait of a candidate of sciences
Candidates of Science are highly qualified specialists with professional experience accumulated for at least three to four years after graduation from a university (master’s or specialty). Most often they are people a little under thirty, who are prone to research work and must have published scientific works. Most of these specialists are employees of various (academic, industrial) or university teachers.
Typically, an applicant for an academic degree is aimed at a further scientific and pedagogical career. Obtaining a PhD degree (or its foreign equivalent) significantly contributes to job growth both in the Russian Federation and abroad. In Russia, possession of this degree makes it easier to occupy the position of associate professor at a university or senior researcher at a research institute, and is also taken into account outside the scientific and educational sphere. Having a degree is absolutely necessary to obtain the academic title of associate professor. Holder of a PhD degree in Russia, continuing active research activities, in the future may become a doctor of science and professor.
Scientists with a status equivalent to a PhD form the basis staffing many scientific organizations and universities in the world. According to the 2010 census, in Russia there were 595,526 persons who had a Ph.D. degree: T. 3.550. The largest number of them lived in Moscow (197,897 people): T. 3.571.
History of the “candidate” degree in Russia
Immediately after October revolution In 1917, all degrees, ranks and titles were abolished. The degree of Candidate of Sciences - already in the modern sense - was established along with other academic degrees and titles of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on January 13, 1934 and was inherited by the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet period.
The procedure for awarding the degree of Candidate of Sciences in the Russian Federation
Basic moments
The most important requirement of pre-defense preparation is the presence of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission (Higher Attestation Commission), containing the results of the dissertation research and reflecting the scientific novelty of the research.
The dissertation research is carried out by the applicant under the guidance of a supervisor who has an academic degree of doctor or candidate of science in this specialty, usually (but not necessarily) while studying in graduate school (adjunct).
The typical length of the text of a candidate's dissertation is about 150 pages, but there are no strict limits.
The dissertation and its abstract are written in Russian, the defense itself also takes place in Russian (if necessary, the defense can take place in a foreign language, but with translation into Russian). In June 2017, foreign citizens were allowed to submit a dissertation and its abstract simultaneously in Russian and a foreign language.
The dissertation defense procedure
Before defending the degree, the degree applicant must pass a number of exams (the so-called candidate minimum): in the history and philosophy of science, a foreign language and a specialty.
The applicant publishes an abstract of the dissertation (circulation of about 100 copies), which, a month before the defense, is sent to large scientific libraries and universities in Russia, as well as to members of the dissertation council and specialists in this field of science. In addition, the texts of the dissertation and abstract are posted on the website of the organization under which the dissertation council was created, which accepted the dissertation for defense.
The dissertation itself - also a month in advance - is made freely available to the library of the institution where the defense will take place, and to two official opponents, who write in advance and announce their review on the day of the defense. Opponents cannot be associated with co-authorship or place of work with the applicant; one of them must be a doctor of science.
During the defense, the dissertation author makes a report on the results of the dissertation work, answers questions from members of the dissertation council about his report, dissertation and abstract. Next, reviews from the leading organization are read out, as well as reviews received for the abstract. The applicant responds to the comments contained in these reviews. This is followed by official opponents speaking and answers to questions from opponents’ feedback. The final part of the defense is a free discussion, during which anyone present has the right to speak. Then the applicant answers the questions and comments raised during this discussion, after which they proceed to a secret vote, in which only members of the dissertation council take part.
Approximately the same procedure for awarding degrees existed in the USSR and continues to exist in some CIS countries.
Registration of the degree document
New Russian sample Candidate of Sciences diploma
In case of a positive voting result, the documents (the so-called “certification file”) are sent to the Higher Attestation Commission, where a decision is made to issue a candidate of sciences diploma. Usually, the consideration of the case by the Higher Attestation Commission takes several months, but the date of the dissertation defense is indicated as the date of award of the degree in the diploma issued.
From September 1, 2016, two Russian universities - Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University - were given the authority to award academic degrees without subsequent interaction with the Higher Attestation Commission, and in the future the list of institutions autonomous from the Higher Attestation Commission was planned to be expanded. From September 1, 2017, 19 more universities and 4 scientific organizations of the Russian Federation received similar powers according to the list. The legal basis for the innovation was Federal Law FZ-148, which introduced corresponding changes to Article 4 of FZ-127 “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy”; it is stipulated that academic degrees obtained in the mentioned organizations give the holders the same rights as degrees approved by the Higher Attestation Commission.
Revocation of degree
Persons to whom academic degrees were awarded in violation established order, may be deprived of these degrees by the Higher Attestation Commission, as a rule, on the basis of petitions from dissertation councils, at the meeting of which the dissertation defense took place.
Types of PhD degrees by branches of science
Depending on the specialty in which the candidate’s dissertation is defended, the applicant in Russia is awarded one of the following academic degrees:
| List of candidate degrees by branch of science and their abbreviations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name of degree | Abbreviation according to (invalid) by order of the Ministry of Science of the Russian Federation |
Abbreviations used in the RAS |
| PhD in Architecture | Ph.D. architecture | candidate of architecture |
| Candidate of Biological Sciences | Ph.D. biol. sciences | k.b. n. |
| Candidate of Veterinary Sciences | Ph.D. vet. sciences | k. vet. n |
| Candidate of Military Sciences | Ph.D. military sciences | candidate of military n. |
| Candidate of Geographical Sciences | Ph.D. geogr. sciences | Ph.D. |
| Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences | Ph.D. geol.-mineral. sciences | k.g.m. n. |
| Ph.D. in History of Arts | Ph.D. art criticism | k. claim |
| Candidate of Historical Sciences | Ph.D. ist. sciences | k.i. n. |
| Candidate of Cultural Studies | Ph.D. cultural studies | k. cult. |
| Candidate of Medical Sciences | Ph.D. honey. sciences | Ph.D. |
| Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences | Ph.D. ped. sciences | k. ped. n. |
| PhD in Political Science | Ph.D. watered sciences | K. polit. n. |
| Candidate of Psychological Sciences | Ph.D. psychol. sciences | Ph.D. |
| Candidate of Agricultural Sciences | Ph.D. agricultural sciences | k.s.-kh. n. |
| Candidate of Sociological Sciences | Ph.D. sociol. sciences | K. Sociol. n. |
| Candidate of Theological Sciences | Ph.D. theol. sciences | K. Theol. n. |
| Candidate of Technical Sciences | Ph.D. tech. sciences | Ph.D. |
| Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences | Ph.D. pharm. sciences | Pharm. n. |
| Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences | Ph.D. physics and mathematics sciences | Ph.D. n. |
| Candidate of Philology | Ph.D. Philol. sciences | k.f. n. |
| Candidate of Philosophy | Ph.D. Philosopher sciences | candidate of philosophy n. |
| PhD in Chemistry | Ph.D. chem. sciences | k.x. n. |
| Candidate of Economic Sciences | Ph.D. econ. sciences | k.e. n. |
| Candidate of Legal Sciences | Ph.D. legal sciences | K. Yu. n. |
There is, but is not currently awarded, a PhD in Naval Science (awarded from the 1930s until the late 1970s). For some time (in the 1940s), the academic degree of a candidate in art history was called “candidate of art history.” The PhD degree in political science existed in the 1940s, then was abolished in the 1990s. reintroduced.
In the pedagogical sciences until 1950, a description of the narrow specialization was necessarily added to the name of the academic degree (“... according to the methods of history”, “... according to physical culture" and so on.). Sporadically, such clarifications were present in the name of a scientific specialty until the end of the 1960s. Academic degree in psychological sciences began to be awarded in 1968. Before this (since 1953), the academic degree “Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (in psychology)” was awarded.
On September 25, 2015, the Higher Attestation Commission approved the passport of the new scientific specialty “Theology”. Now in this specialty you can defend dissertations and receive academic degrees of candidate and doctor of science.
Many specialties allow applicants to be awarded an academic degree in several branches of science, depending on the predominant subject area of a particular dissertation. For example, in specialty 02.00.04 (physical chemistry), the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical, technical or chemical sciences can be awarded. At the same time, however, the principle of “one dissertation - one branch of science” is observed, regardless of the number of specialties of the dissertation and branches of science of the specialty. Also, a specific dissertation council may be limited in the range of degrees awarded, depending on the industry.
Ukraine
The list of degrees awarded to Ukrainian scientists basically repeats the Russian one, with the following exceptions:
- Geological and mineralogical sciences in the titles of degrees have been replaced by geological sciences;
- The degrees of Candidate of Sciences in physical education and sports, Candidate of Sciences in public administration, a PhD candidate in social communications. The branch of science “National Security” is also distinguished, but in it the degrees of candidates of military, technical, legal and other sciences are awarded - the degree of candidate of sciences in national security No.
International aspects
Analogues of a PhD degree abroad
The most common analogue [ ] The Soviet and Russian degree of candidate of science is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). This degree exists in the USA, Canada and other countries.
In Germany, the equivalent of the Russian candidate's degree is the doctor's degree (German Doktor), despite its name.
In many European countries, a degree was previously awarded whose name in the local language contained the concept of “candidate”, which was abolished during the Bologna process. In this case, abolition does not mean the elimination of the corresponding level, but the replacement of the name with Ph.D. This happened in a number of CMEA countries - Bulgaria (Bul. PhD in Science, abolished in the mid-1990s), Czechoslovakia (Czech: Kandidát věd, Slovak: Kandidát vied, abolished in the Czech Republic in 1998, in Slovakia in 1996). In 2014, with the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine “On higher education", the degree of Candidate of Sciences there was also abolished and equated to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. A similar degree, preceding the degree of Doctor of Science and called in Latin lat. candidatus/candidata with the addition of the name of the science also existed in Denmark, Norway, and Iceland. In Yugoslavia, the degree of candidate of science corresponded to the degree of master of science (Magister Scientiæ, mr. sci, now abolished), as was the case in Russian Empire in the 19th century.
Germany
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (functioning in 2004-2018), whose competence included academic qualifications, decided to recognize the German academic qualification “Habilitation” at the level of the Russian academic degree “Doctor of Science”, and the German academic degree “Doktor” at the level of the Russian academic degree “Candidate of Sciences”. In the Federal Republic of Germany, recognition is the responsibility of the state ministries when it comes to issuing permission to use academic degrees in society, and the competence of higher education institutions when it comes to the academic field, including research activities. These bodies recognize the Russian academic degree “Doctor of Science” at the level of the German academic qualification “Habilitation”, and the Russian academic degree “Candidate of Sciences” at the level of the German academic degree “Doktor”.
see also
Notes
- Candidate of Sciences / M. N. Volkov // Italy - Kvarkush. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - (Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / chief ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, vol. 11).
- Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) (undefined) . UNESCO (5 September 2011). Archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
- A degree is no substitute for experience. (undefined) . Rossiyskaya Gazeta (March 6, 2012). - “[but]... most employers confirm that having an academic degree is a plus for an applicant’s resume.” Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 10, 2013 N 1139 Moscow “On the procedure for conferring academic titles” [see. item 10b ] (undefined) . Russian newspaper . Retrieved December 12, 2013.
- VPN-2010 (undefined) . Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- The requirement for publicity of protection is waived only for secret research.
- Foreigners are allowed to defend dissertations in Russia in their native language, IA REGNUM. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
- (undefined) . Russian newspaper (May 25, 2016). Retrieved October 1, 2017.
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences is a prestigious academic degree, ranked within the educational systems of the countries of the former CIS. To obtain this title, you must conduct independent dissertation research and successfully defend your thesis before the qualification council.
In general, the requirements for graduate students seeking an academic degree in the field of pedagogy are the same as for applicants for the title of candidate in other branches of science. The only difference is in the disciplines that need to be studied. The requirements of the Higher Attestation Commission and the legislative system of the Russian Federation for the level of training of graduate students and for university educational programs are the same for all areas of science.
The title “candidate of pedagogical sciences” is abbreviated as “candidate of pedagogical sciences.” ped. sciences". This academic degree in this branch of science is translated into English as: Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences. Although, in reality, in Europe and the USA the gradation of academic titles looks different and there are no analogues to scientific degrees of the Soviet format.
Universities
In the Russian Federation today there are many pedagogical universities. At the same time, even in educational institutions of a different focus or multi-vector profile, you can obtain a pedagogical education and defend your Ph.D. thesis by completing training at the Faculty of Education (if there is one) or at the Department of Pedagogy, which may be part of the structure of the Faculty of Philology or the Faculty of Psychology, for example .
Currently the top three pedagogical universities RF are:
- MPGU (Moscow). This Pedagogical University is Russia's largest center for training highly qualified personnel for the education system of the Russian Federation. MPGU has 18 faculties, where more than 14,000 students study on a full-time and part-time basis annually. Graduates of this university become heads of universities, kindergartens, technical schools, schools of all levels, heads of bodies of the Ministry of Education, as well as teachers of absolutely any subjects. Given educational institution has already given world science hundreds of professional methodologists, sociologists, child psychologists and specialists in other pedagogical areas. Graduate students of the Moscow Pedagogical University State University thoroughly study one foreign language, participate in scientific conferences, take full courses in philosophy and history of science, study general scientific disciplines, monographs, articles on foreign languages, scientific periodicals. In addition to special Scholarships from the Government of the Russian Federation and the President, graduate students of this university can apply for Scholarships named after. K.D. Ushinsky, named after A.F. Losev, named after P.S. Novikov and Scholarships of the Academic Council of Moscow State University;
- RGPU named after. A.I. Herzen (St. Petersburg). This university in its current form appeared in 1991. In fact, this is a re-certified Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute. Today RGPU is one of the largest universities in the Russian Federation. Its structure includes institutes of natural science, pre-university retraining and advanced training, as well as research institutes of continuing pedagogical education and several administrative centers pedagogical profile. 20 faculties, consisting of a total of exactly one hundred departments. In addition, this university includes 27 (of which 13 are for awarding a candidate’s degree) dissertation councils in 59 specializations. Research conducted at this university contributed to the development of the following scientific directions and schools: deaf pedagogy, ethnocultural studies, psychology of human capabilities, Russian philosophical thought, museum pedagogy, applied linguistics, history of Orthodoxy, problems foreign policy and US history and many others.
- TSPU (Tomsk). The structure of this university consists of 12 faculties, the Institute of Applied Informatics and educational center"Faculty of Additional Professions", extensive science Library and a museum complex. The degree of Candidate of Sciences at TSPU is obtained in 12 areas of training. By pedagogical sciences These are the following specializations: history of education and pedagogy, general pedagogy, methodology and theory of vocational education, methodology and theory of physical education, theory and methodology of education and training. In addition, similar specializations may differ in the types of disciplines in which the future teacher-candidate of sciences will teach.