Pruning deciduous trees. Living sculptures in the garden or some tips on how to do curly pruning How to trim bushes into a ball shape

Topiary art

Despite the fact that topiary has its roots in Persia and Ancient Egypt, in its full glory this type Decorative trimming of bushes, trees and bushes appeared in the 15th century. It was then in France, under the reign of King Louis XV, that hedges began to decorate both Versailles itself and most gardens in Europe.

There was also a slight decline in interest in this type of art, however, today topiary is experiencing a real boom all over the world. Not only professionals, but also ordinary amateurs who want to give their garden an individual style try to master it. Nowadays the combination of fluffy trees with clear outlines of figures is in fashion, and this look is considered exclusively British. It involves working on already grown trees and bushes.

Haircut instructions and rules

But, despite their apparent ease, not all tree species are suitable for creating unique style - main feature topiary art. Gardeners who want to apply this style should pay attention to plants such as:

Boxwood(often found in gardens, despite the fact that it is poisonous and requires cutting twice a year);

Yew(similar in care to boxwood, also great for topiary);

Holly(a thorny plant that makes an excellent living fence);

cotoneaster(allows you to create any shape, but requires frequent haircuts);

Privet(ideal for hedges, requires cutting in warm period of the year).

But where to start, and what tools might an amateur gardener need to create shapes from plants and trees on his site?

Tools required for work:

Garden knife(needed for pruning shoots);

Secateurs(necessary for cutting branches);

Brush cutter(necessary for crown formation);

Lopper(needed for remote pruning of branches);

Saw(needed to remove thick branches).

When starting to create topiori for the first time, you should not immediately strive to make complex figures. Experts recommend starting with simple shapes - balls, cones, ovals. But initially, of course, you should prepare a sketch of the work on paper in order to have an idea of what should happen in the final result. You should also ensure that the garden shears - main tool to create topiori - they were sharpened.

At preparatory work(if not on site necessary plants) a row of juniper or spruce trees should also be planted. This is done in early spring, or in the fall. The distance between the trees should be approximately 80 cm. Over the course of a year, the plants will grow, and they can be tested own strength in cutting the simplest shape.

If you want to create a more complicated option, you should get frames made of steel rods. They are a relatively new introduction to the creation of topiori, since until now the main tool of all masters is only scissors, but they can help achieve the desired result without any problems. It is important for gardeners to understand that creating a green figure is complex. geometric shape It will take more than one year, however, the end result will delight and surprise with its perfection.

Stages of work on creating a complex figure

A braided wire frame having the desired shape is “dressed” young plant;

As the plant grows, it begins to extend its leaves beyond the frame. It is important for the gardener to carefully monitor this stage of creating topiori and cut off excess leaves and twigs even when they have not yet grown to the border on the other side of the frame;

As a rule, a bush grows for several years, and during all this time it should be given the desired shape, trimming it on one side or the other;

As soon as the plant reaches the intended shape, the steel corset is removed. Next, the gardener simply takes care of the figure, regularly trimming the excess.

Methods and techniques for trimming bushes and trees

When you take on landscaping and creating a unique landscape design on your site, it is important to know about the methods and techniques of trimming bushes and trees. For example, deciduous trees are trimmed once a year, usually in the spring - before the buds open. Their crown gradually increases by 5-10 centimeters due to last year’s branches. But hedges, as well as shaped shrubs, are trimmed more often, several times a year.

The first haircut also occurs before the buds open and leaves about 5 centimeters of growth from last year. Subsequent cuttings of shoots are carried out to the level of the first cutting. It should be noted that when pruning living coniferous hedges, under no circumstances should the sides be cut strictly vertically. Hedges should taper slightly at the top. Otherwise it Bottom part will quickly lose all its needles.

It is important to know that regardless of the type of plant (deciduous or coniferous), it must be cut from the bottom up. Also important point is constant replenishment with cool water and feeding with vitamins. To prevent the bush from drying out, you need to leave a few buds on it.

In order for a hedge or figure to have a lush crown, young plants should be pruned fairly generously. This is easiest to do with hand pruners or a garden knife, as young plants require a special cut.

If there is a need to create new shoots, young plants are pruned from ground level at a height of 15 centimeters.

To create the perfect hedge, it is recommended to use several groups of plants.

Well-groomed and beautifully trimmed trees and shrubs enhance the garden. To give plants a decorative shape, you need to try: choose the right crops and planting site, provide care and carry out regular topiary haircuts. In this article I will share tips on how to trim trees and shrubs even for a novice gardener.

What to consider when trimming trees and shrubs

1. Plant selection

First, decide on your climatic zone and pick up ornamental trees and shrubs that will grow on the site without problems. As an example, I’ll give a fence made of boxwood . It looks luxurious, the plant tolerates cutting by 5 points, but in the Moscow region it grows reluctantly and simply freezes out. This evergreen shrub ideal for southern regions.

2. Choosing a landing site

For a plant that you plan to trim and give the crown a curly shape, you need to carefully choose a place for planting. It should be open - sunlight will prevent the internal branches from dampening. After all, after periodic haircuts, the branches grow thicker and more luxuriant. If a tree or shrub grows in the shade, the leaves, as a rule, become small and the crown itself is looser.

3. Choosing a crown shape

Decide on the shape of the crown: do you need a compact ball or a tall, elongated cone. The shade and shape of the needles or leaves also play an important role in landscape design.

First of all, for decorative pruning of trees and shrubs you will need a lot of patience, hard work and a good eye.

Start by trimming your foliage plant

For the “first time”, choose a deciduous plant. A tree or shrub with leaves can easily withstand pruning and quickly grows green mass, which allows you to hide flaws when pruning. U deciduous plants you can quickly form the desired figure - their growth rate is much faster than that of coniferous plants.

Increase the number of new shoots

Before achieving the desired decorative shape of the plant, you will need to carry out several haircuts. You need to trim the shoots by 1/3 to provoke the appearance of new ones. Each new cut of the shoot should be made slightly higher than the previous one, leaving 2-3 buds. If you always cut the plant in one line, then soon it will become bare and lose its attractiveness.

Stick to haircut deadlines

It is best to do a haircut in the spring.

For Middle zone optimal time haircuts are in March - April, before the start of active sap flow.
There are plants that tolerate pruning well during the summer.
In the fall, it is better not to carry out such procedures and allow the plant to prepare for winter. Some if necessary unpretentious plants They also cut them in the fall, after leaf fall.
Coniferous plants are best trimmed in early spring or after new shoots appear (late June - early July).

During the season, you can carry out 2-3 formative haircuts, depending on the health of the plant and its new increased leaf mass.

Follow the cutting direction

You need to cut from top to bottom!

Provide proper care behind the plant

Ornamental plants need regular watering, loosening, mulching and fertilizing. By correctly performing all agrotechnical practices appropriate to the selected plant, you will accelerate its growth and make it stress-resistant to periodic cuttings.

Choose a cutting tool

Having professional tools will make your work easier and make it quick and fun. Any garden center sells pruning shears, pruning shears, and garden saws. My advice: don’t skimp on tools! Yes, a good pruner is expensive, but believe me, it will pay off handsomely. Such tools last for many years, or even several decades, rarely break and make work very easy. All instruments must be sharpened and disinfected.
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Different kinds barberries, but Thunberg is best,
various types of thuja (Western, Danica),
Red viburnum,
Irga,
Derain white,
Euonymus,
hawthorn,
different types of willow,
Privet,
Cotoneaster,
Spirea,
Boxwood,
Yew, etc.

Trimming trees and shrubs in the shape of a ball

In order for ornamental trees and shrubs in the shape of a ball to appear on your site, you need to select the right plants, which themselves in their natural form grow in the form of a ball.

Plants for cutting in the shape of a ball:

Thuja Western Globoza,
globular willow,
thuja Danika,
spirea,
derain,
cotoneaster brilliant.

How to cut to give a ball shape:

Sold for spherical haircuts special tool. It looks like a rod to which a semicircle of wire of the required diameter is attached. If desired, such a structure can be easily built with your own hands.
First, trim the bush on the sides, for example, marking “north” and “south.”
Next, find east, west, northeast, northwest, etc.
When the reference points are found, the remaining sections are trimmed to the same length.

Trimming curly hedges

Curly hedge will decorate any garden!

Plants for creating a curly hedge:

juniper,

How to trim a figured hedge:

Plants need to be planted in a row, or by seeds, keeping a distance of about 80 cm between them.
After the plants grow to a height of about 50 cm, the crown is cut off with pruning shears, provoking the growth of side shoots. This will make the hedge thick and dense.
When the plants grow a little more, you can create different lines along the surface of the fence. These can be smooth or hard straight lines located at different heights.

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Trimming trees and bushes in the shape of a cube

Plants for creating a decorative cube:

Spirea,
privet.

How to cut for a cubic shape:

In order to form a decorative cube, it is best to plant 5 plants: four in the corners of the cube, and the fifth in the center.
The crown of the plant should be very dense. To ensure increased density when pruning the plant, trim the shoot above the bud that looks inside the crown.
You can cut your hair “by eye” or play it safe with wooden slats and ropes, placing them at the required distance.

Trimming trees and shrubs in a cone shape

To create a decorative cone, you can use ordinary thin slats.
Place them at the base of the plant, and tie them at the top along the central axis.
Cut off all protruding branches.
When trimming trees, you do not need to touch the lower branches and the central shoot, trimming only the side ones.

The capital's parks and squares are decorated mainly with deciduous trees. Firstly, this happened historically. And secondly, and this is the main thing, deciduous trees are more resistant to the urban environment than conifers. They stabilize the oxygen content in gas-polluted conditions and enliven the monotony of the streets. The shade from the spreading crowns is perhaps the only place in Moscow where summer heat you can walk on outdoors without inhaling the fumes of hot asphalt.

Trees that have received “Moscow registration” need to improve their crowns - both for aesthetic purposes and so as not to interfere with communications. One cannot do without the services of a gardener in the Moscow region, because a truly stylish estate is unthinkable without well-groomed trees.

Price for services
№	Types of jobs	Unit	Price
1		PC	from 500 rubles
2	Curly haircut (topiary) deciduous trees	PC	from 700 rubles
3	Pruning deciduous (ornamental) shrubs	PC	from 100 rubles
4	Curly pruning of deciduous (ornamental) shrubs	PC	from 200 rubles
5	Trimming deciduous hedges	1 m.p.	from 200 rubles
6	Curly trimming of deciduous hedges	1 m.p.	from 400 rubles
7	Trimming a coniferous hedge	1 m.p.	from 300 rubles
8	Curly trimming of coniferous hedges	1 m.p.	from 500 rubles
9	Topiary or topiary of conifers (standing alone)	PC	from 1000 rubles

The plants in the photo look completely natural. Not everyone will notice that the master’s hand has worked thoroughly on them.

Formative pruning

Structural, or formative, pruning is performed on young trees going through the formation stage. Thanks to it, the tree develops the correct crown shape characteristic of this species.

The formative type of pruning includes topiary cutting and the creation of hedges. For topiary, slow-growing, low-growing trees with small leaves that tolerate loss of up to 30% of green mass are suitable. For example, decorative apple trees, small-leaved elm, Tatarian maple and ginnala, as well as some species of willow, pear and linden. IN decorative pruning deciduous trees use a high standard. On it you can create a crown of a natural or spherical shape.

Regulatory trimming

For trees that have already reached the point of “youth”, with an already formed crown, regulatory pruning is used. It is needed to control growth and maintain appearance plants.

Regulatory crowning may be necessary when a tall tree creates a nuisance or dangerous situations, For example:

Branches reach power lines;
The crown of the tree covers the traffic lights, road signs, road visibility;
The tree shades the windows of buildings, preventing sufficient lighting of the premises;
Branches rest against windows, walls of houses, hang over roofs;
The lower branches interfere with the passage of vehicles and the movement of pedestrians.

Regulatory pruning maintains the intended crown configuration

Sanitary pruning

Starting in early spring, dry and disease-damaged, broken and frozen branches are cut out. At the same time, shoots that thicken the crown are removed, which in the future may interfere with the proper development of the plant. Sanitary pruning is carried out all summer, as “sick” or “inconvenient” branches are identified.

Old trees with dying branches need sanitary pruning the most. Dry branches breaking off under gusts strong wind, may pose a danger to pedestrians and vehicles, and therefore must be removed. In most cases, sanitary pruning is applied comprehensively to the entire array or group of plants; this reduces the risk of transmission of infection.

Anti-aging pruning

The rejuvenation procedure is applied to old trees that are valuable for a city park or private property. It is carried out in stages, sometimes over several years. The purpose of rejuvenating pruning is to stimulate the growth of new shoots and restore the thinning crown. Old skeletal branches undergo dramatic shortening, and structural pruning is applied to newly growing young branches. Rejuvenation is usually carried out in early spring.

Anti-aging pruning of decorative deciduous trees: age of being slim is not a hindrance

With the help of pruning (formative, then regulating, sanitary and finally rejuvenating), the alley shown in the photo has been maintained in its intended state for many decades.

Timing for pruning deciduous trees

Different tree species react differently to pruning, so this procedure should be approached taking into account biological features kind. In the Moscow region optimal timing for pruning is the end of the growing season. Starting from mid-September until the last days of October, you can safely submit applications for autumn pruning.

Spring pruning is done before the beginning of the growing season, but for some “crying” species, for example, birch and maple, this should be done after active sap flow has ended - in late spring or summer.

Our company provides services for regular and one-time pruning of deciduous trees, prices depend on their height. To clarify prices, we recommend downloading the price list or calling our consultant. Employees garden center Plant Planet have experience working with all breeds and varieties used in landscaping in Moscow and the region, and will conduct competent pruning, based on the species, age of the tree; its role in landscape design and other factors will also be taken into account.

The art of artistic trimming of bushes and trees is called topiary. The roots of this skill go back to ancient world, but this technique gained popularity in the mid-15th century. Nowadays, not only landscape design professionals dream of mastering the techniques of this work. Ordinary amateur gardeners also try themselves in this matter. I became interested in topiary of bushes and trees when I saw how well-groomed and original a garden with green statues became.

What plants are suitable for topiary?

Almost any plant can be trimmed. But there are a number of shrubs that are widely used among topiary professionals. These include:

Boxwood. The plant is poisonous, be careful. Requires haircuts at least twice a year.
Yew. Levels in spring and autumn.
Holly. Due to the thorniness of the plant, it is perfect for creating a hedge or fence.
Cotoneaster. Pliable, but requires frequent haircuts.
Privet. Most convenient option, you need to cut it once a year, in warm weather.

Before you start work, take care of purchasing and sharpening the tools that you may need. Among them:

Secateurs. Your main tool will be needed to trim branches. Choose pruners with long handles, since you will have to do some of the work at a distance from you.
Garden knife. Use it to trim plant shoots.
Brush cutter. Will be needed to form the crown.
Lopper. Helps with remote pruning of branches.
Saw. Needed for thick branches and trunks.
Metal frame of the desired shape.

There is much disagreement regarding this last point. Professionals work exclusively with scissors. But despite this, trimming trees using a frame is now becoming more and more popular. Masters of their craft advise starting with something easy. Practice the art of topiary at simple figures(circle, oval, cone) before moving on to more intricate shapes.

And don’t forget that craftsmanship cannot be rushed; growing each figure will take several years. Be patient.

Decorative trimming of bushes and trees includes several stages:

Create a layout plan of the desired shape in order to understand the size and shape of the future shrub.
Place a wire frame of the desired shape on the plant and fix it in the ground.
When the plant grows and the branches go beyond the frame, trim the “extra” part. It is important to remember that you need to cut each emerging branch separately. An example of using the frame is visible in the photo.
Over the course of a year or two, regularly inspect the plant and align the branches with the frame.
When the plant fills the entire volume of the frame, trim last time and remove the frame.
Next, all you have to do is regularly maintain the shape of the bush by trimming the growing leaves.

To achieve the desired result, there are haircut techniques successfully used by professionals. So deciduous trees grow 5-10 cm of branches per year, cut them in the spring, before the buds swell. At the same time, shrubs require frequent care; pruning is carried out 2-3 times a year. There are also features coniferous species, cutting bushes should always taper towards the top. Otherwise, you risk being left without needles on the lower branches.

And don’t forget about safety, read in detail about the type of plant you are going to cut. Resin coniferous trees does not wash off clothes, and some types of thuja and juniper are poisonous. Any plant (coniferous or deciduous) is cut from bottom to top. After pruning, the bush requires plenty of water and mineral supplements.

Trimming bushes is a job that requires attention and patience. For creating original garden, a labyrinth or a fence will take several years. But the result will exceed expectations. Your neighbors will admire your figures. And the realization that you have completed these creations with my own hands, will add pride and warmth.

Curly trimming of bushes and trees allows you to add landscape design colorful accents that will attract the admiring glances of visitors. Trimmed figures from vegetation can act as independent objects or serve as an excellent addition to landscape design.

For this purpose, plants with a dense and lush crown are used. During the trimming process, it is possible to avoid through sections that will spoil the finished result. Most often, thuja columnar, evergreen boxwood or Thunberg barberry are used here.

On average, the age of the plant reaches from 2 to 5 years from the moment of planting. At this time, dense foliage is noted, which will act as a decorative figure.

How are plant figures created?

There are several techniques for giving a certain shape for shrubs. Here special garden shears are used to trim bushes. They have a sharp base and tight clamps thanks to which they manage to control the force of pressure on the wood base.

What shapes can be obtained during the cutting process? There are several main forms and models of green art. These include:

Ball. Here we have developed two methods of cutting bushes with garden shears. The first is to give it a spherical shape using a visually drawn horizontal line. After this, the side parts that are not included in the overall composition are removed. The second is based on the formation of a rounded shape and the removal of excess branches along the lateral lines.

Cube The technology of such a haircut takes place in several steps. To do this, use scissors to trim bushes and grass. The tool has a sharp and thin base that quickly cuts off all excess.

Pyramid. Wooden guides are also used here, which are fixed at the base. ornamental plant. When connected to each other, they should form a kind of cone or pyramid with a sharp top.

Cylinder. During the haircut process, it is important to correctly maintain the proportion of volume and guide line. Will help make the task easier metal carcass made of thick wire. It is attached along the entire length of the bush. Excess elements extend beyond the edges of the metal structure.

Spiral. This cutting technique is designed to create unusual shapes and compositions. It is intended for tall species plants. A wooden stick is fixed next to the stem. After this, the young plant is wound in a spiral. So, continue along the entire length of this base.

Each turn of the bush is secured with twine. After this, a decorative haircut is carried out. Wooden base remains until the plant takes on a spiral shape.

What is the difference between trimming and cutting?

Pruning of trunks and branches is intended to renew external state decorative breed. Here, each movement is performed in a random order.

The point of a haircut is to give beautiful shape, which will further decorate the garden area. Special equipment and tools are used here.

For example, to create a hedge, it is necessary to mold the plant base. She represents vertical movement scissors along the entire growth line of the bushes. The result is a smooth green wall, which is used to zone the garden area.

Decorative haircut includes several types:

topiary. Here the figures of animals or any three-dimensional objects are cut;
trapezoidal. It is considered the most difficult. For beginner gardeners, it is recommended to make wooden frame, which will facilitate the task;
rounded. It is also distinguished by its complexity and beauty. The finished figure has smooth and streamlined lines. These figures are used for front gardens in a regular style. The photo shows the haircuts best options decorative decoration garden

Before starting a decorative haircut, it is recommended to carefully examine the condition sheet plates and direction of shoots. These criteria are the key to an ideal result.