Greenhouse heating methods. Water heating of a greenhouse - design features, choice of pipes. If you follow the sequence of actions and adhere to the schemes that are developed by professionals with extensive experience, then there will be no problems in the organization process

If you decide to build a stationary greenhouse for year-round cultivation of vegetables, then in any case you need to solve the issue of heating it in winter and during the transition period. There are many in various ways, how to organize heating of a greenhouse, and most of them can be done with your own hands. In the article we will look at these methods, and also give recommendations on calculating the power of the heating system and choosing a source of thermal energy.

Types of greenhouse heating

There really are a lot of options for heating such structures, no less than for private houses. This is easy to see if you study heating projects for farm greenhouses different sizes posted on various Internet resources.

Depending on the method of transferring heat inside the building, heating systems are of the following types:

air;
water;
combined with direct heating of the soil.

For reference. Large farm greenhouses often use infrared heating with gas or electric heaters.

In the first case, one or more heat sources directly heat the air in the building, which is easier and cheaper to implement. Making water heating in a greenhouse with your own hands is more difficult, but the effect will be greater, since it makes it possible to heat the growing areas of vegetables, and not the entire volume of the building. Optimal solution– combined, when the planting soil and air in the greenhouse structure are heated separately.

When choosing a heating method, the question inevitably arises: what is the best way to heat a building, what energy carrier to use for this purpose? There are several options here:

natural or liquefied gas;
electricity;
different kinds solid fuel(firewood, coal).

The choice of energy carrier depends on individual conditions in each specific case, so you will have to make it yourself. We will look at how you can heat a winter greenhouse with one fuel or another and what system designs are used for this. True, there are also alternative heat sources, for example, solar collectors or geothermal systems. But the former are ineffective in winter, and the latter are incredibly expensive, so there is no point in taking them into account.

Heating with natural gas

This energy carrier is very convenient to use, although you won’t be able to install and connect it yourself; this should be done by a specialized company. If you do not take into account this point, and even the cost of gas for the population of different CIS countries, then this is one of the best options for greenhouses. Using gas heating, you can organize air, water and infrared methods of heating a winter greenhouse.

It is common practice to install infrared gas heaters to the roof part of the room. If the structure has a small width, then the units will be placed along the axis of the building in one row. It is important that all beds fall within the width of the device (this is indicated in the operating instructions). When this cannot be achieved, gas appliances are placed in 2 or 3 rows.

The advantage of gas infrared heating in winter is the direct heating of the soil, and only then the air in the greenhouse. The disadvantage is the need for ventilation to remove combustion products.

Another option is a gas boiler plus a water heating system for the greenhouse. You need to understand that in greenhouse structures the main task is to provide heat to the plants, and not to warm people. To do this, wiring is made of smooth pipes with a diameter of no more than 40 mm over the entire area. Moreover, they are laid along each bed at a height of 20-30 cm from ground level. The following types of wiring are allowed:

the supply line is along one wall, the return line is near the other. They are connected to each other by transverse pipes running between the beds;
supply and return are laid along one wall. Each heating pipe runs along one bed and returns past another;
the pipe is laid in a snake pattern over the entire area of the greenhouse, forming a single heating circuit.

Advice. Shut-off valves must be installed on each branch so that the circuit can be turned off when the plants have already been removed.

Additionally, in order to warm the air inside the structure, it is recommended to install several heating devices near the walls. Usually these are registers made of smooth pipes, made by hand. As you already understand, installing such a system will require a lot of work, but you will only spend money on a gas boiler and its connection. You can go another way: arrange air heating of the greenhouse by installing several gas convectors.

Electric heating

If we talk about the device of a water electric heating, then it is performed according to the same scheme as the gas one. Only now we have a different heat source - a heating element, electrode or induction boiler. No permits are required for its installation, so you can do the work yourself.

It is even easier to make infrared heating using hanging devices; they do not require ventilation to operate. They are placed in the same way as gas ones, by attaching them to the roofing part.

There is an option for combined heating of a winter greenhouse, when an electric heating cable or heating film is laid in the ground. In this case, the space inside the structure is heated with air heaters (fan heaters) or homemade oil radiators. Here the choice is entirely yours, as long as the supplied electrical power is sufficient.

It is noteworthy that electric heating a winter greenhouse can be economical, despite high tariffs. After all, the coldest time is at night, when the cost of electricity is minimal, you just need to use a multi-tariff meter. Besides, similar systems easy to adjust and automate.

Use of solid fuel

Heating greenhouses with wood is the most common and cheapest method, although it is troublesome. Most often it is implemented using homemade stoves- brick or metal, for example, like Buleryan.

One or more stoves are installed in the center of the structure, and its chimney is first laid horizontally and only then turns and goes out onto the street. The goal is to extract as much heat from the flue gases as possible, so that the horizontal section can reach a length of 10 m.

Advice. The horizontal pipe should be laid with a slope towards the stove in order to facilitate the passage of combustion products and improve natural draft.

When it is planned to install a water heating system, a solid fuel boiler is installed in the greenhouse or outside it. The first option is more preferable, since all the heat will remain inside the building, while the second is used when supplying heat to several greenhouse structures from one solid fuel boiler. It is important to take into account 2 points: insulate the highways passing along the street, and do not install shut-off valves on pipe sections outside the greenhouse.

How to choose a boiler for a greenhouse

Regardless of whether you decide to heat the building with wood or electricity, you must first find out the amount of heat required for it. Here you can’t do without a calculation, and in order to carry it out, you need to know the exact area of the floor and the translucent part of the greenhouse. In addition, you need to find data on the lowest daily temperature for your area, as well as the average wind speed during these days. This information is specified in the standard called “Building Climatology and Geophysics”.

On the nomogram shown above, we find a graph corresponding to the lowest temperature. Then, from the abscissa axis (wind speed), we draw a line until it meets this graph and determine the specific heat loss along the ordinate axis in relation to the enclosure coefficient. It is easier to show the calculation using an example for a greenhouse with a floor area of 700 m2 and glazing area of 980 m2. Then, with a wind of 4.7 m/s and a temperature of -30 °C, according to the graph, the value of Q/k is equal to 388 W/m2.

Now we need to find the fencing coefficient k, it equal to the ratio the area of translucent structures to the floor area. In our example, k = 980 / 700 = 1.4, then Q = 388k = 388 x 1.4 = 543 W/m2. All that remains is to find out the total heat loss by multiplying the specific heat loss (543 W/m2) by the area of the polycarbonate greenhouse (700 m2): 700 x 543 = 380,000 W or 380 kW.

To select a boiler for a greenhouse, you need to multiply the heat loss value by the safety factor. Whatever heat source you take - solid fuel or gas, it cannot work at maximum all the time. For those greenhouses built from polycarbonate or using glass, the safety factor will be 1.3, and those covered with ordinary film - at least 1.5.

Advice. It is always better to select a solid fuel boiler long burning with one and a half power reserve and large sizes firebox This will save you from frequently loading firewood or coal in the middle of the night.

Conclusion

Organizing the heating of a winter greenhouse is a simpler undertaking than heating a residential building. Here almost all the work can be done independently if you have the appropriate skills. The main thing is to choose a suitable heat source and energy carrier. Finally - traditional advice on energy saving: in greenhouses it is very important to insulate the floors under the beds, which will provide significant savings. Foam plastic with a thickness of at least 100 mm is well suited for this purpose.

Greenhouses are used to grow and harvest heat-loving crops. all year round. Such structures can be of various sizes: from small country houses to large industrial ones. In each individual case, different equipment can be used to heat greenhouses. So, if special organizations are hired to equip industrial buildings, which are engaged in the delivery and installation of heating systems, then small private greenhouses can be equipped with your own hands. We will describe below how to do this.

Heating using solar batteries

The simplest and cheapest way to heat a greenhouse is to use solar energy. To use it, you need to install the greenhouse in a place that receives enough sunlight during the day. The material from which the structure is made is also important. For use solar heating greenhouses, polycarbonate materials are used. It helps create an excellent greenhouse effect because it has a cellular structure. Each cell stores air, working on the principle of an insulator.

Another good material, from which it is better to make a greenhouse if you plan to heat it sun rays- this is glass. 95% of sunlight passes through it. To collect the maximum amount of heat, build a greenhouse with an arched structure. At the same time, it should be located along the east-west line, especially if you plan to place winter option structures.

Additionally, a so-called solar battery is installed around it. To do this, dig a trench 40 cm deep and 30 cm wide. After that, insulation (usually polystyrene foam) is laid on the bottom, covered with coarse sand, and covered with plastic film and earth on top.

Did you know? It is best to use extruded polystyrene foam as a heat-insulating material. It is not afraid of moisture, does not deform, has high level durability and excellent heat retention.

This design, at night, allows you to retain the heat that has accumulated in the greenhouse during the day. The disadvantage of this method is that it can only be used during periods of high solar activity, and in winter it will not give the desired effect.

Another long-standing method of heating a greenhouse is the use of biological materials. The principle of heating is simple: during decomposition, biological materials release a large amount of energy, which is used for heating. Most often, horse manure is used for these purposes, which can heat up to a temperature of 70°C within a week and maintain it for at least four months. To reduce temperature indicators, it is enough to add a little straw to the manure, but if cow or pig manure is used, then straw is not added to it. By the way, straw itself can also be used as a material for bioheating.

How else can you heat a greenhouse using this heating method? Sawdust, bark and even household waste. It is clear that they will provide much less heat than manure. Although, if you use household waste, which consists of 40% paper and rags, then it may well reach the performance of “horse” fuel. True, this will have to wait quite a long time.

Did you know? Experienced gardeners use so-called artificial manure. They lay layers of straw, cut to about 5 cm (10 kg), lime-ammonium nitrate (2 kg), superphosphate (0.3 kg). The layer of compost soil should be up to 20 cm, biofuel - up to 25 cm.

Also, you can take care of vegetable humus in advance, which is also perfect for the role of biological fuel. To do this, freshly cut grass is placed in a box or barrel and filled with nitrogen fertilizer, for example, a 5% urea solution. The mixture must be closed with a lid, pressed with a weight, and after two weeks the biofuel is ready for use.

Important! Biological heating has a positive effect on the microclimate of the greenhouse. It saturates the air with microelements, carbon dioxide, while maintaining the necessary humidity, which cannot be said about technical methods heating

Biofuel is used as follows. The entire mass is laid to a depth of approximately 20 cm, while the total thickness of the installation should be approximately 25 cm. Then nature itself carries out everything necessary processes. You only need to water the soil occasionally to keep the decomposition processes active. One such bookmark is enough for at least 10 days, maximum for four months. It all depends on the type of biological materials used.

Installing a stove in a greenhouse

A good answer to the question “How to heat a greenhouse efficiently?” - installation of metal or brick stove and chimney pipe systems around the entire perimeter of the greenhouse with access to the outside. The heat comes both from the stove itself and from the smoke that comes out through the chimney. Fuel material you can use any. The main thing is that it burns well.

Gas heating

Another popular way to heat greenhouses is to use heat from burning gas. True, heating a greenhouse with gas is considered a rather energy-intensive method. Its essence lies in the fact that infrared gas burners or air heaters are installed around the perimeter of the greenhouse. Gas is supplied to them through flexible hoses, which releases during combustion great amount heat. The advantage of this method is that the heat is distributed evenly throughout the room.

True, in this case, you need to take care of a good ventilation system. During combustion, a huge amount of oxygen is used, and if there is not enough of it, the gas will not burn, but will accumulate in the greenhouse. To avoid this, gas heating in greenhouses is equipped with automatic protective device, which regulates all ongoing processes.

Heating with electrical appliances

Due to the availability of electricity, this method has become one of the most popular among summer residents and farmers. Especially those who are involved in greenhouses and winter time. Its main advantage is its availability all year round and the ability to easily regulate the temperature. Among the disadvantages are the high cost of installation and purchase of the equipment itself. To use electric heating in a greenhouse, you must install a special heating device. What it will be like depends on the heating system you choose. Let's look at the most popular of them.

Convectors and infrared heaters

One of the safest and effective methods electric type heating. The essence of this method copies the method of solar heating of a greenhouse. Ceiling-mounted polycarbonate infrared greenhouse heaters warm the plants and soil. The latter accumulates heat and returns it to the greenhouse. The advantage of this method is that such heaters are easy to install, can be reinstalled for different needs, and also consume relatively little electricity. At the same time, they do not take up working space, since they are mounted on the ceiling.

Among other advantages, the lack of air movement is noted, since some plants are very sensitive to this. If you install the heaters in a staggered pattern, you can heat the greenhouse evenly. At the same time, adjusting the temperature is very simple.

Cable heating

Another heating method that does not take up any working space is cable heating. A heat cable installed on the principle of underfloor heating in houses warms the soil, which releases heat into the air. The main advantage of this heating method is maintaining the required soil temperature at different vegetative stages of plants, which has a positive effect on productivity. The system is easy to install, the temperature regime is also easy to regulate, and very little electricity is required.

Most often, such a heating system is used in the construction of industrial greenhouses. It is calculated during the design of the structure and laid down during its construction.

Installation of heat guns

One of the most simple ways heat the greenhouse without installation complex structures- put a heat gun inside. It can be used immediately after purchase by hanging it from the greenhouse ceiling. This way the hot air will not harm the plants. Another advantage is the presence of a fan. During operation of the unit, it distributes warm air throughout the greenhouse and does not allow it to accumulate under the ceiling.

There are many varieties of such guns: electric, diesel, gas. Which one to choose depends on the specifics of the greenhouse and the plants being grown. For example, there are guns that can operate in conditions high humidity, with a large amount of dust in the air and other difficult conditions.

Using an electric heater or water heating boiler

Greenhouses can also be heated using boilers that run on electricity or solar or wind energy. They have high efficiency - up to 98%. You can also make water heating for a polycarbonate greenhouse using a stove by installing a water heating boiler on the stove. A pipe system should extend from it to the water intake thermos tank. Hot water will flow from it into the greenhouse through pipes. At the end of the system, the pipes branch, going down the walls and returning to the boiler.

This ensures constant circulation hot water, which releases heat into the air through pipes. Depending on how the entire system is laid out and where the boiler is installed, the air can be heated more or the soil of the greenhouse can also be captured.

Did you know? For such heating, you can use a central heating system. It applies if the greenhouse itself is located no further than 10 m from your home. Otherwise, this method will be ineffective due to large heat losses during transportation of water from central system to the greenhouse. Remember that you must have the appropriate permission to do this.

This principle is based on the use of any heating boilers described above, to which a heat pump is connected. For example, when used together with a water boiler, the water in the pipes around the perimeter of the greenhouse can be heated to 40°C. It can also be connected to other heating devices. As a rule, it turns on and off automatically, and therefore saves energy.

In addition, such a unit eliminates harmful emissions into the atmosphere, because the pump does not use open gas mixtures and other sources of fire. The unit itself takes up little space and looks neat. Another advantage of the pump is that it can be used not only for heating in winter, but also for cooling in summer.

The operating principle of the device is quite simple. The unit is connected to a route or collector where the heat will flow. A collector is a long pipe through which liquid flows smoothly. This is usually ethylene glycol, which absorbs and releases heat well. The heat pump drives it around the perimeter of the pipes in the greenhouse, heating it to 40°C, provided that the water boiler is running. If air is used as a heat source, it can be heated to 55°C.

The most primitive, and therefore ineffective way to heat a greenhouse is by air. It involves installing a pipe, one end of which goes into the greenhouse, and under the other, outside, a fire is built. The diameter of the pipe should be approximately 30 cm, and the length should be at least 3 m. Often the pipe is made longer, perforated and carried deeper into the room in order to distribute heat more efficiently. The air that rises from the fire enters the greenhouse through the pipe, heating it.

Important! In this case, the fire must be maintained constantly. That's why this method used mainly as an emergency when the main one breaks down.

The system is not very popular because it does not allow the soil to warm up well. Usually the pipes are installed under the ceiling to prevent the heat from burning the leaves of the plants. At the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor the humidity level, since with such heating it drops significantly and has a bad effect on the plants.

Another way to heat a greenhouse with air is to install a fan that circulates warm air. In this case, there is no need to install a branched pipe system. The air heats up quickly, and the mobility of the fan and its lightness allow it to be used in various points greenhouses. In addition, a fan can be used not only for heating, but also for normal ventilation of the room, which is also necessary for normal height plants.

But this method also has disadvantages. Flow warm air may burn plants. The fan itself heats an extremely small area. In addition, it consumes a lot of electricity.

As you can see, today the industry offers a lot of options for heating greenhouses. Some of them are suitable only for warm latitudes, others can be used in winter. Some are quite easy to install, while some require installation at the greenhouse design stage. All that remains is to decide how powerful the heating is needed, what you are willing to use to heat it, and how much money and time you are willing to spend on it.

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What does high-quality heating give us for a stationary greenhouse? Possibility to grow crops all year round. It is for these purposes that many people arrange to heat greenhouses with their own hands from any materials - polycarbonate, glass, even film. To constantly maintain and maintain a favorable microclimate inside for plant growth. The question “How to do it yourself, and what to consider?” remains relevant for many, so let’s consider it in more detail.

Real and unrealistic methods of heating greenhouses

We want to figure out how to make greenhouse heating with our own hands from available materials, and even in an economical version?

Therefore, we will consider real, and not fantastic and too expensive options that can be found on an industrial scale.

Electric heating is a thing of the past. This method exists, and it even works very productively, but we can easily buy expensive potatoes, as well as tomatoes and cucumbers at the market all year long - it will be cheaper.
Gas is also not our option. Putting a gas pipeline in place or storing cylinders on site is expensive, inconvenient, and even dangerous. In addition, you will not be able to work with gas without specialists; you will simply be fined. It turns out that this is no longer heating greenhouses with your own hands, but with the involvement of professionals, where your lot is “bring and serve.”
with a hog - this is normal stove heating with a horizontal chimney. Very practical, accessible to all “Homemade” people, inexpensive. But it’s “angry”, albeit cheap. It is necessary to place the stove inside the greenhouse itself or in the vestibule, lay horizontal chimney pipes under the shelves, and ensure normal exhaust and draft. Minus - long length homemade chimney, obligatory fistulas in the connections and the penetration of a small amount of carbon monoxide into the greenhouses.
Do-it-yourself water heating in a greenhouse is a process of seriously improving the stove option. It takes longer and costs a little more, but has a reasonable argument: high efficiency, safety and low fuel costs. Especially if you install a pellet or pyrolysis stove.

Retreat-advice!

Why is it worth paying attention to last option, especially with pyrolysis ovens? The stove, as already said, has high efficiency, but the main advantage, which is very important for modern summer residents, is the time between laying firewood. Or not wood, but any other type of fuel, it doesn’t matter.

You can also install a liquid fuel boiler as a heating unit. It will also add advantages to your system autonomous heating greenhouses: it has automation of the combustion process itself, as well as a fairly long period of fuel loading (refueling).

Do not forget about the “old-fashioned” methods of warming the soil, and additionally use natural products. For example, horse manure is an excellent way to warm the soil even without heating systems.

After being applied to the fertile layer, horse manure will heat the soil in your greenhouse to +60 within a week, and then will maintain this temperature for at least another three months, and in general – up to 150 days! Isn't it better to buy horse manure from a neighbor in the country rather than install a soil heating system under the shelving? In this case, heating the air will suffice.

Practice: making heating in a greenhouse

Initial data

Let's take it as "Given" polycarbonate greenhouse, and we will create heating with our own hands in the greenhouse from scratch. (See) Let the area be 25 m2, then it will be easy to start with calculations and technology for your own volume. And we’ll immediately take into account the possibility of subsequent expansion of your greenhouse: you never know, you’ll like it and you’ll design another place for watermelons. Under the melon, that is.

Let's not stir up the manure, and we will assume that you did not purchase it. Well, nowhere, in Moscow and the region, there are so many horses! Then yours heating system will consist of two circuits or parts:

Ambient air heating system.
Ground (soil) heating system.

Rationale

It is clear for what purposes soil heating is needed. There are roots in the soil, and the environment for them also needs to be heated. And soil is a much better conductor of heat than air. Accordingly, the cold.

If the optimal regime is not maintained, the plants will seriously slow down their growth or simply die, and you will not have a single tomato in the winter.

Warming up the soil is similar to a heated floor system in a house, but is slightly different:

The pipe through which water flows or hot air passes is laid in the drainage or not. To install drainage, it is preferable to use small expanded clay as the main material, and cover it with geotextile on top (this special material, which allows water to pass in one direction, is sold in abundance in specialized stores). The covering is necessary so that the soil (soil) does not penetrate into the drainage.
Instead of concrete base in such a “warm floor system” there is loose soil, which is also constantly moistened.

Variations on an aerial theme

We have decided on heating the soil, now we need to choose a method of heating the air, that is, in fact, a heating option. Let's focus on two:

Classic option: do-it-yourself heating of greenhouses with registers around the entire perimeter, completely welded from fairly thick-walled pipes large diameter. The problem is in the material itself, which has recently become seriously more expensive, and the problem is in a normal welder who will weld all the seams beautifully (in the sense of hermetically sealed and for a long time). It will work out anyway – not with your own hands.

When choosing this option, take into account the biggest disadvantage - the huge working volume of the coolant, and also the relatively small area where the heat exchange process occurs. In this case, the efficiency of your boiler is greatly reduced.

Batteries around the perimeter – there is less water in the system, and all the advantages associated with this point. Including, there is no need to call a welder. The heat exchange area is large, the output is maximum. The efficiency is higher. You can install the most different batteries, especially the ones you took yesterday in the house when you were doing new system heating. It won't cost much at all!

In general, it doesn’t matter which batteries are installed, because they will all have approximately the same efficiency. When installing, keep in mind that the maximum coolant pressure will be no more than 1.5 bar, while almost any battery is designed to withstand a pressure of 5-6 bar. You don't have to worry too much about the strength of the connections. At least there is no need to paint the carvings.

Pipe question

Much attention must be paid to the piping system so as not to spend more than is required for the normal functioning of the equipment. If you are installing radiators, there is no point in running expensive metal pipes from the boiler to the radiators; you can get by with unstacked polypropylene.

Firstly, it's cheaper.
Secondly, polypropylene pipes do not corrode.
Plastic withstands “defrosting the system” well when we “missed” and created emergency situation. The ice that forms in the pipes during “defrosting” will not tear the polypropylene, while the metal will fail not only in the joints, but also in the seams, if the pipes are seamed. If they are seamless, so much the worse: the gap will be in the most unexpected place.
Polypropylene is an excellent heat insulator, so the coolant will not lose temperature as it approaches the radiator.

Bottom wiring is preferable, especially during installation - the issue of convenience of attaching pipes is resolved. Especially if the radiators are not mounted on flimsy polycarbonate walls, but are installed directly on the foundation with bottom mounting.

At the entrance to the radiators, it is advisable to equip the pipes with ball valves or thermal valves, so that different parts your huge greenhouse to regulate the temperature for specific plants.

Boiler and chimney

With heating, this means not only hanging radiators and laying pipes, but also installing a boiler with a chimney.

The heating boiler can be placed either inside the greenhouse itself or placed in the heated room itself, which will further increase the efficiency of the entire system. The heat transfer from the boiler to the surrounding space will be unambiguous, so the air temperature in the greenhouse will increase.

But in the first option, you don’t have to go inside the greenhouse at all while loading the boiler with fuel. The second option not only improves productivity and efficiency, but also seriously saves space.

Laying out a brick oven is not an option, because for a greenhouse it will be too bulky and labor-intensive, unless you have a greenhouse of regional significance. Ready heating boilers They are not that expensive, but they are compact, productive and easy to use. The boiler issue is closed.

Now the chimney: this is perhaps the most important part of the entire heating system. It’s probably worth putting the chimney on a light foundation, installing a supporting channel or pipe and attaching the main structure to it. This is for black pipes, that is, for ordinary material under the chimney.

We shallowed out the horizontal version of the chimney. Therefore, we do not expect anything from the smoke removal system high efficiency in terms of air heating. We make the chimney as short as possible and reliable in terms of sealing, so that combustion products do not get inside the greenhouse. It is best to buy a sandwich chimney and place it vertically directly from the boiler - then there will be no need for a foundation.

Install the structure not higher than 7.5 meters, but not lower than 6 meters- This optimal height for good traction. Both the boiler and the chimney can be mounted using a simple, classic heating scheme. And now connect the circuits to the boiler - according to your project.

Conclusion

A long-burning boiler is the most a good option, which yours wants. With such a system, you will not live near the loading door of the firebox, and the plants will grow in an optimal microclimate. The main thing that is needed for this is desire and a measured approach. Spontaneity is for lazy people and adventurers!

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Heated greenhouses make it possible to eat vegetables, herbs and fruits all year round. The minimum temperature that must be provided in a greenhouse to grow crops is 18 degrees. To save this temperature regime, walls alone are not enough, no matter what material they are made of. You can see what heating devices suitable for a greenhouse look like in the photo.

It would be most economical to build a greenhouse in the place where the heating main runs. In this case, you will only need to find the most suitable place for construction. Otherwise, more attention will have to be paid to the construction of the building. But in both options, a greenhouse heating system is simply necessary.

Heating a greenhouse with gas

The gas heating system for greenhouses is quite popular. It is not recommended to supply gas from the house to the greenhouse - it will be too expensive. It's better to buy several gas cylinders– they should be enough for the winter (read: " "). This option will be much more economical. When using such equipment, it should be taken into account that the combustion products of natural gas do not have the best effect on plants. For this reason, it is necessary to make ventilation and exhaust in the greenhouse to remove them outside.

When purchasing a heating device, you should pay attention to the fact that it has a special sensor. It is needed so that if combustion stops, the gas supply to the burner is immediately shut off.

Heating with solid fuel boiler

It is better to install such heating equipment not in the greenhouse itself, but in the vestibule. This option is more preferable for the reason that you won’t have to open the door to the room several times a day, letting cold air in to add another portion of fuel. But at the same time, in this case it will be less effective, since the heat also comes from the walls of the boiler itself. It is necessary to correctly calculate the heating of the greenhouse so that the device is powerful enough (read also: " ").

The main disadvantage of solid fuel boilers is the need to regularly add fuel. But this problem can also be solved - long-burning devices have recently appeared that can operate on one load of fuel for up to 36 hours. Such boilers are economical and safe to use.

Stove heating

If you heat the greenhouse yourself, then you can significantly reduce your costs. One of economical ways heating a greenhouse is a furnace device. A simple design can be made independently, the financial costs in this case will be minimal.

To make heated greenhouses with your own hands, you need to follow the instructions given:

Then attached to the barrel expansion tank volume of 20 liters - it is welded from sheet metal. A heating system is welded from a profile pipe measuring 40x20x1.5 centimeters. The pipes are laid on the ground so that there is a distance of 120 centimeters between them. This arrangement of pipes will allow the soil to warm up. To ensure water circulation in such a heating system, a special pump will be required.

Water heating

Heating a greenhouse using a water system is more efficient than other methods (read also: " "). It is not difficult to make heated greenhouses with your own hands if you follow the instructions given. The main element of the design is the water electric heater(read also: " ").

The device can be made from a regular fire extinguisher. Its top is cut off, and a heating element with a power of 1 kW is installed at the bottom. The heating element can be taken from a samovar or an old household appliance required power. A removable lid is made at the top of the device to pour water into the heater (read also: " "). Two tubes are connected to its body, which are connected to the radiator. The tubes are attached using sealing gaskets and nuts. In order for such a heater to operate automatically, the greenhouse heating circuit must include a relay alternating current and voltage 220 V.

Heating a greenhouse using solar panels

The greenhouse can also be heated with devices that absorb solar rays.

To create such a heating system:

first they dig a hole about 15 centimeters deep;
then a layer of polystyrene or any other is laid on the ground thermal insulation material;
a plastic film is placed on top to provide waterproofing;
Wet sand and soil are poured onto the film on top.

This system is very simple and does not require financial costs, but at the same time it is quite suitable for maintaining a temperature in the greenhouse that is optimal for plant growth. In this case, there must be special devices on the roof that will absorb solar energy and thereby help heat the greenhouse. It is worth considering that in winter such a system will be ineffective - on cloudy days the greenhouse will not be able to warm up (read also: " ").

You also need to calculate the heating for the greenhouse so that it is efficient.

Heating a greenhouse with your own hands, see details in the video:

Air heating

This method is also quite simple, and it does not require financial costs. First they take a piece iron pipe 2-2.5 meters long and 50-60 centimeters in diameter. Then one end of the pipe is inserted into the greenhouse, and a fire is lit under the other. The air in the pipe will warm up quite quickly. This method is quite suitable for maintaining comfortable temperature in a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of this heating method is that the fire must be constantly maintained. If the fire goes out, the temperature in the greenhouse will drop very quickly. Therefore, such heating of a greenhouse is not common. Read also: "How to heat a greenhouse - possible options."

It is difficult to say which heating is best for a greenhouse. Currently, there are many ways to heat greenhouses, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, heating using electrical equipment is highly efficient; its operation does not need to be constantly monitored. But at the same time, such a heating system will require significant financial investments, and operation will be expensive. Inexpensive systems require constant monitoring. Therefore, the choice of heating option for a greenhouse depends on many factors, among which financial capabilities are of considerable importance.

In absolutely every part of our country it is necessary to heat the house in cold weather. Every sane resident wants to figure out how to improve the heating complex of their dacha. Everyone knows that heating fuel is constantly becoming more expensive. It is difficult to imagine the existence of a cottage living in the Russian Federation without a heating complex. The www portal contains a large number of different home heating complexes that use completely different principles for obtaining heating. Any heating system can be installed independently or hybridly.

Undoubtedly, it is very pleasant to see on your table at any time of the year fresh herbs and vegetables grown with your own hands in your own greenhouse. Thanks to home greenhouse we can constantly receive the vitamins our body needs so much. Properly designed and equipped systems and communications will be able to provide year-round optimal microclimate in the greenhouse and its uninterrupted functioning. Heating a greenhouse is one of the most important tasks, on which the profitability and efficiency of growing greenhouse vegetables directly depends. To solve this problem, you can turn to specialists for help, but it will be much more economical for family budget, if you decide to heat the greenhouse yourself.

Types of heating systems

First, let's look at existing types heating systems:

stove (outdated, so we will not consider further);
gas;
water;
electrical;
infrared or airborne.

Gas

This heating system is based on the use gas burners, to which highways with natural gas. Air heating occurs as a result of gas combustion and spreads throughout the greenhouse (through a laid air duct system). Gas heating has serious disadvantages:

significant costs for the installation of gas supply lines;
additional costs for installing forced ventilation;
high fire hazard;
significant dry air.

Vodyanoye

Heating with water is the most common heating method. To create this system you will need: a boiler (boiler), a water main and heating appliances. Create water system heating is not so simple. You will need:

calculate in detail the required boiler power;
choose an energy carrier that should be suitable for its performance characteristics;
think about how to organize the thermal insulation of the greenhouse.

With such a heating system, water (coolant) will be heated in the boiler to the required temperature and then circulate through the laid pipeline, giving off its heat to the air of the greenhouse. The cooled water must be fed back into the boiler using a pump. The water circulation will be repeated several times until the air in the greenhouse reaches the desired temperature. As a rule, such heating systems have three heating circuits (to ensure efficient heating of the greenhouse). One of them is laid on the ground, the second in the middle of the walls, and the third is placed under the ceiling.

Note! The main disadvantage of water heating is low efficiency (due to high energy consumption for heating water). But there is more economical way water heating is a connection to a centralized heating system.

Electrical

This heating method involves heating greenhouses with standard heating devices. This is very expensive and dangerous! Your costs will be high, but the results will be minimal. In addition, as with gas heating, electric heating requires ventilation to distribute heat throughout the greenhouse.

Infrared

This heating system is the most progressive, fundamentally new way of heating greenhouses.

Note! An important advantage of infrared heating is that it is an analogue of the sun: the required temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained using infrared heaters, the peculiarity of which is that they heat the plants remotely, and the air does not heat up or dry out.

minimal costs (low cost of the device and self installation literally in a few minutes);
complete safety for the greenhouse, plants, human health;
increasing the germination of seedlings and increasing the yield of the greenhouse.

We looked at the most common methods of heating greenhouses. Whichever one you choose, don’t forget about operational characteristics your greenhouse. It must be built from a durable, rot- and corrosion-resistant frame and a transparent coating that can optimally retain heat. By purchasing a ready-made greenhouse or materials for it self-made, always be guided by the criteria of quality, reliability, strength and durability.

Video

For an example of infrared heating of a greenhouse, see the following video:

Source: http://stroysvoimirukami.ru/otoplenie-teplicy-svoimi-rukami/

Early harvest collected from its greenhouse primarily due to its heating - after all, solar radiation for most plants is sufficient only in the summer months. Here's the content winter garden or growing fresh vegetables and exotic fruits in severe frosts is impossible without specially equipped heating in a greenhouse, because the most minimum temperature which can only be in a greenhouse is +18°C. And warm, impenetrable walls alone are not enough here. The most budget option for heating a greenhouse - if under summer cottage plot the heating main passes through. Then all that remains is to find Right place, and the problem of how to make heating in a greenhouse is solved. In all other cases, heating greenhouses will be more difficult, but it is quite possible to do it yourself - the diagrams and tips in this article will be extremely useful for this.

Option #1 - solar batteries

It is possible to heat the greenhouse using solar heat accumulators. First, they dig a 15 cm hole in the greenhouse and cover the ground with a layer of thermal insulation, possibly polystyrene. A layer of plastic film is placed on top for waterproofing.

Then coarse wet sand is placed on top and the whole thing is covered with excavated soil. This simple device allows, using the accumulated energy of the sun, to maintain a satisfactory temperature in the greenhouse even at a temperature of -10°C.

Option #2 - air heating

The easiest way to heat a greenhouse or hotbed is to equip it with primitive air heating:

Step 1. Take a piece of steel pipe with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a length of about 2-2.5 m.
Step 2. One end of such a pipe must be inserted into a film greenhouse or greenhouse, and a fire must be lit under the other.
Step 3. The fire now needs to be constantly maintained. The air will quickly heat up in the pipe, pass into the greenhouse and give off heat to the plants being grown.

This method of heating is really easy, but somewhat inconvenient due to the fact that the fire must be maintained constantly.

Option #3 - heating with gas

The main advantage of gas is that it is more stable in terms of supply, but the final cost of products from the greenhouse can surprise. Therefore, if heating a greenhouse with gas in winter lasts only a few weeks, then it is not necessary to pull it from a residential building and purchase expensive pipes for this. It will be enough to take a couple of cylinders for this purpose - they will last for a long time.

It is only important to remember that excess carbon dioxide can negatively affect the condition of the plants, and therefore such a greenhouse must be well ventilated. And to remove combustion waste, it is necessary to use an exhaust device to ensure a constant flow of oxygen into the greenhouse. And so that the lack of oxygen does not lead to the cessation of the combustion process and the release of gas into the air, it is advisable to use heating devices with an automatic protective device - the sensors will immediately operate as soon as the gas supply to the burner stops.

Option #4 - stove heating

To begin with, we would like to present you a video from a real DIYer who very simply and effectively solved the problem of heating his greenhouse:

Unlike electric heating, classic stove heating is not so financially burdensome. So, a simple greenhouse stove with a hog or horizontal chimney you can build it with your own hands and without special costs. Its design principle is quite simple:

Step 1. A brick furnace firebox is laid out in the vestibule of the greenhouse.
Step 2. A chimney is laid along the entire length of the greenhouse, either under the beds or under the shelving.
Step 3. This is removed from the greenhouse chimney on the other hand, so that carbon monoxide escapes, and all the heat remains inside the building. As a result, the distance between the end wall of the greenhouse and the firebox itself should be at least 25 cm, but from the bed or rack with plants to the top of the hog - from 15 cm.

Or according to this scheme:

Step 1. You need to take a large barrel, with a capacity of about 3 cubic meters, and paint it inside in 2 layers so that it does not rust.
Step 2. Holes are made inside the barrel for the chimney, stove, expansion barrel on top and drain valve on the bottom.
Step 3. The stove is cooked and inserted into the barrel.
Step 4. A chimney is removed from the barrel, and a pipe 5 meters high is placed on the street.
Step 5. A homemade 20-liter expansion tank is installed on top of the barrel, which is pre-cooked from simple sheet iron.
Step 6. Heating is made from a 40x20x1.5 profile pipe, and the pipes are laid out on the ground at a distance of 1.2 m. It is necessary to lay them out this way so that the soil near the roots of the plants warms up well.
Step 7. To circulate water in such homemade system For heating, a special but inexpensive pump is purchased.

Such a stove can be heated with any wood, and the drain valve at the bottom of the barrel can be used not only to drain water, but also to drip irrigation when the water itself has cooled. To control the temperature in such a greenhouse, you can install an electronic temperature sensor inside it, and the digital display itself can be installed right in the house.

Option #5 - water heating

At the entrance to the radiators, it is advisable to equip the pipes with ball valves or thermal valves in order to regulate the temperature in different parts of your huge greenhouse for specific plants.

Boiler and chimney

A do-it-yourself greenhouse with heating means not only hanging radiators and laying pipes, but also installing a boiler with a chimney.

Convenient boiler – convenient operation

The water heated in the boiler is supplied by a pump to pipes laid along the walls of the greenhouse. They are made from different materials, but the most commonly used are copper, plastic and steel. The second option is more suitable for greenhouses, because plastic pipes are cheap, lightweight and not susceptible to rust. This is especially true for heating the soil.

Installation of water heating

Take a piece of steel tube with a diameter of 500-600 millimeters and a length of about 2-2.5 meters.
Then one end of it should be inserted into a film greenhouse or greenhouse, and a fire should be lit under the other edge. Its combustion should be constantly maintained. This is why this heating method is inconvenient.
Due to the fire, the air in the pipe quickly heats up and passes into the greenhouse. The heat will be transferred to the plants that are grown in it. This is very easy way heating

Heating a greenhouse with wood

This is one of budget options. Stoves such as Bullerjan are suitable for this purpose, as they eliminate the need to add firewood at night. Among the advantages of such heating, the following should be noted:

The room heats up quickly.
The temperature is maintained at the desired level for a long time.
Fuel efficiency.

Solar batteries

Solar batteries can be used to heat the greenhouse. The device process is as follows:

First, a hole 130-140 millimeters deep is dug in the greenhouse.
It is covered on top with a layer of heat insulator (for example, polystyrene).
Then you need to lay coarse wet sand on top.
After which all this is covered with dug earth.

Thanks to this heating method, solar energy is accumulated and maintains normal temperature in the greenhouse for a long time.

Heating a greenhouse with gas

Gas heating has one significant advantage - it is more stable in terms of supply. The arrangement of this type of heating should be approached depending on current needs. So, if in winter the greenhouse needs to be heated for just a few weeks, then you can use cylinders rather than install expensive pipelines. Only then should the room be well ventilated. After all, plants do not tolerate excess hydrocarbons in the air.

In order to eliminate combustion waste, you can install a special exhaust device. As a result, oxygen will be supplied to required quantities to ensure a complete combustion process. In addition, thanks to the presence of an exhaust hood, gas will not be released into the air. For safety reasons, it is recommended to use heating devices equipped with automatic protection, which will immediately operate when the gas supply to the burner is stopped.

Stove heating

Stove heating does not require as much expense as electric heating. You can easily build a simple greenhouse oven yourself. Moreover, this will not require large financial investments. Let's consider the design principle of one of the furnace options:

The greenhouse vestibule is lined with brick. In this case, the chimney is laid along the entire length of the room (including under the beds and shelving). It heats the greenhouse, and carbon monoxide comes out on the other side.
The stove should not stand close to the end of the greenhouse. It is recommended that the distance between them be at least 250-270 millimeters. There should be at least 150 millimeters from the bed to the top of the hog.

There are other options for installing stove heating in a greenhouse. Let's talk about one of them:

Take a barrel with a capacity of about 3 cubic meters. To prevent it from rusting, we paint it inside in two layers.
Then holes are made inside it for the chimney and stove.
After which the stove is welded and inserted into the prepared barrel. Holes are cut at the top for the expansion barrel and at the bottom for the drain valve.
Now the chimney comes out of the container. WITH outside greenhouse, a pipe 6 meters high is placed on it.
Then an expansion tank with a capacity of 20 liters, welded from a sheet of iron, is installed on top of the barrel.
Then a 40x20x1.5 profile pipe is taken and the heating is welded from it. To ensure that the soil near the roots warms up well enough, the pipes are laid out on the ground with a distance between them of approximately 1-1.3 meters.
The water in the system must circulate. To do this you need to purchase a pump. Any wood can be used as fuel.
The drain tap at the bottom of the container can be used both for drip irrigation and for draining water. Climatic conditions and the temperature in this case is controlled remotely using electronic sensors installed in the greenhouse. The temperature value itself is visible on a digital display, which is convenient to install at home.

Combined heating

This method has become quite widespread. It allows you to respond very quickly to changes in operating conditions. So, for example, when there is a power outage, the heating method changes to another.