Mechanism for stairs to the attic. How to make a folding staircase to the attic on your own? Features of folding structures

The space between the ceiling and the roof in private houses is occupied by the attic. It is used by the owners to store things and provides the opportunity to carry out inspections and repairs. inside roofing pie. A folding ladder installed to get into the attic can be made by yourself. Portable structures such as stepladders are not always convenient and reliable. A stationary option, which can be easily pulled out when necessary, and is folded most of the time, will be the optimal model for a small space.

1. At installation location:
   • external - mounted outside the building, the disadvantage is the need to leave the premises in any weather;
   • internal - located in the house.
2. By design:
   • monolithic - screw or marching;
   • portable – attachments, stepladders;
   • folding - sliding, folding, scissor, folding.

Monolithic structures ensure complete safety of climbing into the attic. But they take up useful space in the room. Portable models are convenient as a temporary option, but they are not suitable for permanent use due to the increased risk of injury. The optimal choice is a folding ladder, which takes up minimal space. This design is often mounted on a hatch; it is compact in size, and making it yourself will save money.

Features of folding structures

Transforming models have several design options from which you can choose the one that suits your home. When designing a product, you should take into account not only the dimensions, but also the design features. The minimum number of sections of a folding ladder should be 3 pieces. A model consisting of 2 parts will require a significant increase in size attic hatch. The folding ladder is lowered manually, using a weight for weighting, or automatically, using an electric drive.

Types of folding attic stairs

Telescopic model consists of parts that slide into each other. The material for it is aluminum, which is lightweight, durable, and corrosion resistant. It is compact, functional, and will last a long time, but it is difficult to make such a product with your own hands. The option of mounting on a hatch of a finished design is possible.

Scissor model made from metal parts. It folds like an accordion. The robust design with convenient steps has one drawback - over time, creaking appears at the joints. The problem can be prevented by timely lubrication of the mounting points.

The scissor ladder is reliable and has a beautiful appearance

Folding ladder will not take up a single extra centimeter. It is difficult to design and install. Its steps are attached to the bowstring with card loops, and in the folded position the folding model is fixed on the wall.

Retractable ladder the attic consists of several sections, the upper part is firmly attached to the hatch, it is equal to the size of the lid. The remaining sections are connected with special fittings and hinges. When unfolded, they form an even flight of stairs. It is not difficult to bring the product into working position due to its mobility. The difference between telescopic and sliding models is in the way the sections slide. In the first case, they are placed one inside the other, and in the second, they move using rollers from the outside along guides.

The structure for climbing into the attic should be installed in a place where it will not create interference, usually a hall or corridor. Sliding and folding stairs can be adjusted to standard dimensions, which are designed taking into account safety requirements:

• the angle of inclination of the structure is 65-75 degrees, a larger value will make use unsafe, and a smaller value will require a lot of space for placement;
• the optimal width of the stairs is 65 cm;
• recommended number of steps – 13-15 pieces;
• the length of the structure should be about 3.5 m; as it increases, it loses rigidity and strength, and the processes of lowering and lifting become more complicated;
• convenient distance between steps for movement – ​​19.3 cm;
• a DIY staircase is designed for a load of up to 150 kg;
• the safe thickness of the steps is 1.8-2.2 cm;
• horizontal crossbars are mounted parallel to the floor; for safety, they are supplemented with anti-slip pads.

The attic hatch also has standard dimensions, its parameters are 120x70cm, they provide unobstructed passage and minimal heat loss.

Materials for production

The materials from which the stairs are made with your own hands are subject to strength and weight requirements. Due to rapid wear, the design for frequent use is not made of wood. Metal is the best option for such a product; it will ensure safe and durable operation.

A combination of materials will allow you to reduce the overall weight of the ladder attached to the hatch. Steps are made from lighter wood. Hardwood blocks about 2 cm thick are used. Metal or plastic fittings are installed to connect the products, the latter reduces friction of the parts. In the folded position, the structure is attached to the hatch, which prevents spontaneous falling out.

Manufacturing technology of a simple folding design

If the hatch is located near the edge of the ceiling, then to climb it you can install a folding ladder of two sections with your own hands, which will rest on the wall. The basis for the design can be a finished product; it will take about two hours to transform it.

A simple folding ladder that is easy to make with your own hands

Tools for work:

• screwdriver;
• roulette;
• hacksaw.

Materials:

• wooden blocks measuring 2x3 cm;
• card loops;
• self-tapping screws;
• hook and loop.

1. Take two bars equal to the width of the stairs. One is attached with hinges to the top edge, and the second is firmly fixed at the bottom, ensuring the stability of the unfolded structure.
2. The ladder used is divided into two parts - one of them is 2/3 of the length, and the second is 1/3. A neat cut of the bowstring is made along the intended line.
3. Metal hinges screwed to connect the sections. Pay attention to how the fittings are positioned. It should ensure that the lower part of the ladder folds under the upper one.
4. A block is fixed to the wall under the attic opening, to which the folding structure is attached.
5. To securely fix it in the folded position, a loop is screwed in near the cut point, and a hook is installed on the wall in the appropriate place.

The advantage of such a product is the ease of doing it yourself, but the disadvantage is its open location.

Making a hatch

If a folding staircase is placed on the cover of the opening, it is not visible from the room and will not become a hindrance in the interior. Simple drawings will help you determine the size of the hatch and the product. Having measured the sides of the passage into the attic, they begin to assemble the hatch with their own hands.

It is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• bars with a section of 50x50m;
• plywood sheet 10 mm;
• PVA glue;
• fasteners;
• door latch with handle.

Two parts are cut from the block equal to the length of the opening and two similar to its width (120x70 cm). Each edge of the block is cut to half the width. These areas are smeared with PVA glue and glued together into a rectangle. To maintain the exact diagonal, they are attached to the frame right triangles made of plywood, called scarves. After the glue has dried, the bars are additionally connected with self-tapping screws, and the scarves are removed. A prepared sheet of plywood is screwed to the workpiece. The design will be fitted to the opening. To keep the hatch in the closed position, a door latch is cut into it. The fittings have a convenient handle with which the hatch will be opened.

Assembling the opening mechanism

Making a hatch opening mechanism with your own hands is a rather complex process; to make the task easier, you just need to purchase a finished product in a store.

Those who decide to assemble the entire structure themselves must prepare a metal corner, two strips and a sheet of metal.

In order not to make a mistake with the size of the hinges, they are initially cut out of cardboard. After fitting, they move on to working with metal.

1. The places for fastening according to the template are marked on the metal strip.
2. Holes are drilled for a bolt with a diameter of 10.
3. The parts are assembled and bolted. Using a small tool, the selected angle of fixation of the ladder is measured, and then the parts are moved apart to the required value.
4. The area on the metal is marked which, when lowered, is covered with a corner. This area is cut off. Having removed the excess, the parts are processed to give an aesthetic appearance.
5. The second mechanism must be identical to the one already manufactured. To ensure exact alignment of the holes, the parts are connected with a clamp and drilled.
6. Having inserted bolts into the second mechanism, it is aligned according to the sample, cutting off excess metal.
7. Ready-made opening mechanisms are installed on the hatch yourself . They will create a stop, fixing the folding structure at the desired angle.

The installation of a second hinge mechanism supporting the hatch in the middle will ensure uniform distribution of the load. You will need: two metal strips 2 cm wide, a corner and a piece of metal. The corner serves as a support for the mechanism when opening. A piece of metal is welded to one part, into which the second part rests. When the hatch is lowered, the hinge will move apart, taking part of the weight of the structure.

Wooden stairs, we do it ourselves

The easiest way is to make a structure from wood, the material will be a 2.5x10 cm board. The product consists of three sections, the first two are equal in length to the hatch, and the size of the last is the distance remaining to the floor.

The lengths of the sections are marked on the two boards used to make the bowstring. The marks should mirror each other, so before work the workpieces are connected with tape. Holes for hinges are drilled in the designated places, after which the boards are sawn. To make everything attractive wooden parts sanded and coated with two layers of varnish. Metal hinges are coated with primer and paint before installation.

For fastening the steps, holes 5 mm deep are cut from the inside of the bowstring. PVA glue is applied to them, and then fixed with self-tapping screws. The next stage is connecting the three sections into a common structure using hinges. After checking the possibility of bending the parts, the ladder is secured to the hatch. The upper section of the product is fixed to it with anchors. The folding staircase to the attic is ready.

In contact with

A folding attic ladder is a convenient option that does not take up much space.

This kind of staircase is not difficult to make on our own.

To do this, you don’t have to have special talents, you don’t need to be a professional carpenter, but you just need to have a few materials, free time and, of course, a little patience.

Which staircase is better?

The attic can be a place filled with old junk and make a great Halloween decoration.

You can equip a creative workshop or an office for work in the attic, you can equip a cozy children's room there.

But no matter how different the purposes the attic space serves, no matter how it is equipped, all attics in the world are united by one fact: it is impossible to get there without a ladder. Of course, if the owner of the attic is not a superhero.

So which ladder should you choose to climb up to the attic? Is it possible to make it yourself? The answer to the second question is simpler: anything can be done with human hands! The first question will have to be dealt with in more detail.

The type of staircase should be chosen depending on the purpose of the attic and the availability of free space below.

All types of stairs can be divided into three types:

• attached;
• permanent;
• folding structures.

The simplest option is, of course, a ladder. This type includes both ordinary wooden poles and metal stepladders.

Advantages of an extension ladder:

• light;
• does not take up space;
• You can use one ladder to climb in different places.

On the farm, this option is undoubtedly irreplaceable. Using a stepladder, you can change light bulbs, trim trees on your property, repair the roof, etc.

However, using it to climb into the attic is only convenient if you plan to use the attic from time to time.

This perfect option, if old things will be stored in the attic, that is, they will go up there a couple of times a year.

If the attic is planned to be converted into a useful, functional room that will be used frequently, then the method of climbing there must be appropriate.

A stationary staircase is an ideal option.

This option has many advantages:

• stable;
• reliable;
• it is easy to climb along it for both a child and an elderly person;
• it is easy to decorate it in the style of the room;
• can be supplemented with railings;
• The space under the flights can be used functionally, for example, to arrange a storage room there.

This is the only acceptable option if the attic is to be converted into a children's room. Metal spiral staircases with wrought iron railings also look very impressive.

But all the advantages of this staircase are negated by one big disadvantage - it takes up a lot of space. What should those who have space not allow for a stationary staircase do?

Do you really have to give up the idea of ​​converting the attic space?

For those who want a reliable and safe ladder, but do not have free space for its design, there is a third option - a folding design.

This option is slightly inferior in safety to the stationary one, but after use the ladder will be removed and will not take up space. In addition, it is easy to do it yourself, taking into account all the individual nuances.

Folding structures

There are many options for folding stairs.

The following designs belong to this type:

• hanging;
• retractable upstairs.

Both options are easy to make yourself. The difference is that the ladder can be folded and stored in the attic hatch or folded and hung on the wall.

The hanging option is only suitable if the hatch is located directly against the wall. In addition, a wooden structure hanging on the wall near the ceiling, even if folded, will not fit into any interior.

Therefore, the best option is a ladder that will go into the attic. Depending on the size of the hatch, it can consist of two, three or even four sections.

Taking measurements and drawing drawings is the first step in making a staircase with your own hands.

There are a number of rules that, if possible, must be followed to make the design comfortable and safe:

• the width of the stairs should be no narrower than 60 cm;
• when unfolded, the tilt angle must be at least 30°;
• the depth of the step must be at least 10 cm so that the person climbing feels confident;
• the distance between steps should not exceed 30 cm (preferably less);
• if the attic hatch is higher than 2.2 meters, then it must be equipped with a leash for easy opening;
• if the room height is 4 m or more, it is better to choose a stationary option, since the structure can “play” under the weight of a person, which will significantly reduce its safety.

First of all, you need to decide on the size and location of the future hatch. The longer it is, the fewer sections you will need to divide the staircase into.

For example, with a door length of 90 cm and a staircase length of 240 cm, three sections are obtained: 240: (90-10) = 3.

It is better if the hatch is made of solid wood. In this case, it will be heavier than from plywood or other materials, but the fastenings in the wood will “sit” much better.

The hatch must be secured to the ceiling using reliable door canopies with a fixed opening.

Such canopies are fixed with your own hands in the position required for opening using special pins.

When the hatch is opened further, it will open only as much as the installed studs allow.

You should not use any other fastenings (for example, window awnings).

It must be remembered that the weight of the hatch itself, the ladder and the person climbing it will fall on the canopies. Therefore, it is worth ensuring proper design reliability.

In addition, you need to install a lock and, if the height of the hatch is unattainable from human height, a leash.

The lock on the ceiling side can be used as an interior door, equipped with an automatic latch. A latch type latch is suitable for the attic side.

A cable or lever can be used as a leash. The cable, passing through the roller device on the attic side of the door, activates the lock mechanism.

However, a rope hanging from the ceiling will not fit into every interior, so more a good decision is the lever.

The lever is a plastic or metal rod (for ease of storage it can be telescopic) with a recess of the desired shape at the upper end.

This method is suitable when using a do-it-yourself mortise lock in the hatch cover, from which you need to remove the turntable.

A pinwheel is a plastic attachment on a non-removable key. It is used to make it easier to open the lock from the inside.

Under the turntable there will be a square or semicircular metal rod on which the lever should be placed.

The hole in the lever should fit as tightly as possible to the lock rod, in this case the lock will open easily.

If you have the financial means, you can install an automatic lock with a remote control on the hatch.

Making stairs

After the attic door is made, you can begin making your own stairs.

To do this you will need the following materials and tools:

• two beams, equal in length to the length of the future staircase, at least 12 cm wide and 3 cm thick;
• board for steps at least 10 cm wide, 2 cm thick. The total length of the board is equal to the length of the steps multiplied by their number;
• corners or bolts for fastening steps (4 for each step);
• fastenings for fixing the upper section of the ladder on the hatch cover;
• hinges, two for the number of section connections (4 sections = 3 connections);
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• wood hacksaw;
• long metal ruler or tape measure;
• protractor or malka.

After everything is prepared for work, the primary task is to mark and secure the steps.

It should be remembered that the stairs will be at an angle, and the steps must be parallel to the floor. They must be marked at an angle of 30°.

After the first step is secured, you should install the ladder and make sure that the steps are positioned correctly.

When the staircase is ready, it should be cut into required amount sections. The cuts should be located at the same distance from the steps. The sections are fastened together using metal hinges or hinges.

When the ladder is assembled, its upper part must be tightly secured to the attic door, departing 5 cm from the top edge.

After this, you should check the load-carrying capacity of the ladder and its connections. You cannot test the ladder with your own weight by climbing on it!

To soften the harshness of the opening, you can use rubber belts or metal springs, securing one end to the bottom of the hatch cover and the other to the attic floor.

The staircase was made by hand, and not much time and effort was spent on its production.

But for greater safety and reliability, you should do something else:

• lubricate all moving metal parts (hinges, hinges);
• sand all wooden surfaces with emery cloth or a sander;
• If desired, the structure can be painted acrylic paint or varnish.

In this case, this structure will last a long time, will not leave splinters after climbing it, will not tear clothes and will not creak.

Such a device, made with your own hands, will become the real pride of the owner. Happy renovation!

In most private houses there is an attic or other room under the roof, so a staircase to the attic is necessary. The structure for going upstairs must not only be safe, but also aesthetically pleasing, matching the design and type of frame with other staircases. The exception is a hidden or folding design, which is used periodically so as not to clutter the living space. How to do this yourself - we suggest using examples and tips from the article.

What type of stairs should I choose?

Thrifty owners try to use every meter of their personal space rationally. With a small living space in the building, a massive wooden staircase to the attic with your own hands is inappropriate; it is better to give preference to a lightweight structure, regardless of the material. Everyone arranges the ascent to the attic floor to their own taste. Even a lightweight rope ladder, folded into a net or on a shelf next to the hatch, is possible. But this option is only suitable as a temporary one, and even then for a single adult. For children and the elderly, something more reliable is needed, for example, a ladder to the attic - photo:

Also on sale are ready-made telescopic and folding ladders and high stepladders, but not all of them are suitable for permanent use. And it is important to properly secure the finished staircase or make a device for it so that it can be removed when not needed, for example, in winter. And if the house has a large area, where there are several stairs, it is advisable to make all the flights in the same style. All parts of the structure must be reliable so that you can walk on the floors without risk.

The construction of a private house involves stairs of different functionality:

• internal and external (inside the house);
• attached and fixed;
• auxiliary (working) and design (aesthetic part of the interior).

When choosing the type of staircase, it is important to be guided not only by your own preferences, but also by considerations of expediency. Operational requirements are higher for stationary ladders, and the folding structure must be compact and reliable so as not to be injured during the next descent or ascent.

Tip: Make the attic ladder as lightweight as possible to save materials and space. It should support no more than 1 person with a small load, since furniture and heavy objects are not lifted into the attic. household appliances. Before you make a ladder to the attic, think about how it will be attached at the top and what it will rest against below.

Hanging and folding stairs are more suitable for a small country house, and massive stationary stairs are more suitable for a large country house. The type of ladder depends on the location of the attic hatch. If the entrance to the room under the roof is located in a narrow space, then install a spiral staircase. It's not very comfortable, and you can't lift bulky things on it. But this is the only possible solution where there is nowhere to put a classic flight of stairs. For example, a spiral staircase to the attic, photo:

The most common types of construction are:

• screw;
• marching;
• on pain.

The optimal choice of stairs for attic spaces

Recently, attic and mansard stairs have been allocated into a separate row, and they are classified into subtypes:

• sliding telescopic;
• folding scissor ladders;
• sliding “accordion”;
• suspended (rope, rope);
• folding (attached at the top).

There are no difficulties in using or installing each type. The simplest metal staircase to the attic in several folds can be made from 2-3 stepladders. The cost of each design depends on the materials and type of the staircase itself.

Folding models are made from pipes and angles of light alloys, mainly aluminum and stainless steel. But for this you need a tool (metal cutting) and reliable fittings. Working with wood living conditions much simpler, which is why most stairs are made of wood, in a classic design:

• supports;
• steps (tread);
• stringers;
• risers;
• railings;
• handrails
• fillies, etc.

The attic ladder is an auxiliary device for climbing under the roof, so there is no point in making it wide. The optimal width is no more than 60-70 cm, depending on the build of the people using it. But the step between the steps should be classic, about 20 cm, so as not to experience difficulties when going up or down the stairs.

But the most important thing is the angle of inclination if it is a flight of stairs. Any staircase to the attic, folding or spiral, must be inclined so that it is convenient to use - within 75°. A very steep descent is impossible without handrails, otherwise it will be difficult to return from the attic, especially if the steps are narrow. Yes, you can make a vertical ladder (an extension, the old fashioned way), but this is not very convenient, and taking things out of the attic will be problematic.

Attention: Some narrow metal steps are very slippery, especially when condensation forms on them in cold weather. This is counteracted by special rubber pads that minimize the risk of falling and injury.

The maximum weight that a do-it-yourself attic ladder should withstand is in the range of 120-150 kg, unless larger people use it. IN finished product, which can only be secured to the attic hatch, all parameters must be indicated in the technical description. There are models where the folding ladder is attached directly to the hatch, which is equipped with a compact transformation method.

Types of attic stairs and their properties

Stairs to the attic or attic are provided both from the outside of the house and from the inside. street staircase The attic is most often made of capital construction - metal with handrails. The internal product should take up little space, be light and compact. They prefer screw-type, stationary structures that are removed from the room after use:

• portable;
• retractable;
• folding

1. A stationary attic ladder of one-piece construction is the most convenient and safe, but requires a lot of space. The most compact are screw models, which are much more difficult to make due to the calculations of wedge-shaped degrees fixed at equal intervals on a pole support. In addition, they must be equipped with spiral handrails or made in the form of a glass capsule. A straight or marching staircase must also be equipped with some kind of supports - railings or handrails. The width of the rectangular steps is made, if not to suit the full width of the foot, then at least 3/4, so that it is convenient to step on, especially when descending.

2. Mobile or portable ladders and stepladders, despite their compactness, create more opportunities for falling. Due to the increased danger and instability, they are not so in demand. And it is important to do everything to increase the stability and reliability of the stairs (non-slip, level floor, support stops). Their main advantage is the ability to bring and easily unfold, and then put away. It is not recommended to use such devices for lifting under the roof:

• sick people with frequent dizziness and high blood pressure;
• disabled people without any limb;
• the elderly and infirm;
• children.

3. Folding. The most compact one is a folding staircase to the attic, which is attached at the top and folds under the ceiling. The main requirement is that it should not literally fall on one’s head, that is, gradual and slow transformation is important when using a structure made of several blocks. If all the joints between the sections of the folding structure are reliable, then it is as reliable as a solid one. If it is made of metal from a hollow steel tube or aluminum profile, then it is very light and comfortable. Among other modern devices for climbing into the attic or attic, they are the most in demand. The best option is if the folding staircase is transformed along the wall, on which there is something like handrails. Many craftsmen make this variety with their own hands.

4. A retractable ladder is a type of folding ladder, only it structural elements They do not recline, but extend along a guide to the stops on both sides. The conversion mechanism is somewhat reminiscent of a telescope. This design is made on hinges, and not only from a profile, but also from wood, but the guides are also made from a metal corner.

5. The external staircase to the attic leads from the street, and from it design features The safety of the house owners climbing it depends on it. Non-slip steps and frost-free handrails are required. Usually they are made of metal from several flights running along the walls of the house.

How to make a folding staircase to the attic on your own?

Do folding ladder going into the attic with your own hands is not as difficult as it seems. For example, the easiest way is to construct it from fragments of a finished ladder or stepladder. It is important to make the correct articulation on the bends by choosing suitable fittings. It is advisable to secure it directly to the hatch or under it in a special mount. Rigid fixation at the entrance to the attic is the main requirement.

All fragments of the folding attic ladder fold like an accordion. The remaining parts of the transformation should be attached to the longest segment; there should not be too many of them. Ideally, there should be no more than 3-5 folding modules, depending on the height of the ceiling or the distance to the hatch.

Attention: Watch how the structural elements are fastened so as not to break the “accordion”. But even if an error occurs, do not be upset, just remove the incorrect joint. The modules are assembled on the floor, periodically checking the work.

To minimize the work of assembling the stairs to the attic, the dimensions of each element should be indicated in the drawings, taking into account the inclination - for ease of lifting. When everything is calculated and sketched, and all the necessary accessories are available, the assembly process will not take much time and effort. The most difficult thing is choosing accessories for transformation, which will ensure ease of use of the stairs.

Tip: It is best if the structure is mounted at the top at the entrance, and the first fragment is equal to the length of the hatch. The remaining parts can be equal in size, shorter or longer, but all proportions must be harmoniously combined.

Assembly algorithm:

• the finished stepladder or long ladder is sawed with an appropriate tool (wood or metal);
• the first segment is connected to the next one using a hinge mechanism with clamps;
• a hinge mechanism is attached to the second and subsequent sections, but this is done each time from the opposite side to create an “accordion” layout;
• a non-slip support on the floor is attached to the lower segment (with rubber or thick leather so as not to scratch the coating);
• with the help of a partner or assistant, we attach the structure to the hatch or entrance to the attic, once again checking how it should look in working condition;
• we attach the latch, which should fix the layout at the ceiling;
• If the folding ladder does not have latches that prevent a sudden fall when the latch is opened, it is advisable to cover the floors with material that softens the sudden fall of the structure.

An improved option is a “clamshell” with a remote control, but not every master can install an electric drive on his own. Typically, such a “smart” function is only available in finished products.

The ease of use of the ladder also depends on the hinge mechanism on springs and stops, which ensures smooth opening of the modules. And it’s better to spend money on a more advanced layout mechanism than to experience inconvenience every time.

Attention: In any variant of the articulation of parts of the staircase, when bringing it into working condition, it is important to stand to the side of the path of possible transformation! And periodically check that it is firmly attached to the hatch or ceiling at the exit to the attic, so that the ladder does not accidentally collapse on someone’s head!

The simplest options for attic stairs

For a beginner who is unsure of his abilities, it is better to limit himself to a simple design - fasten an ordinary one-flight staircase made of light metal along the wall.

A great option for the young and energetic is to make a folding rope ladder with wooden steps and holes on the sides at each tread. They should be strung between knots of rope or thick twine. For convenience, the steps are made not rectangular, but triangular with rounded edges.

The wide sides of the triangles are attached to the sides, the narrow ones - alternately towards each other. Then you will get a “duck step” ladder, that is, steps under the right and left legs. The rise involves a wide waddling position of the legs, hence the name. The only inconvenience is going down and going up facing the rope (wall) holding on to its sides.

If there is no room for a full-fledged staircase, then a ready-made spiral staircase is used, which should match the height of the ceiling with the height of the support. Parts (wedge-shaped steps, support and handrails) can be ordered from a carpentry shop. All that remains is to assemble the structure and securely fasten it below and at the entrance to the attic.

When constructing any staircase structure, it is important to provide:

• free approach to use;
• the place where it will be removed if the ladder is mobile;
• handrails or other supports for hands during descent and ascent (they may not be present if the design is reliable);
• reliable fastening at the top and non-slip bottom stop;
• stylistic execution or decor.

It is impossible to make an external metal staircase without the help of a professional welder. However, you can do some of the work yourself:

• choose a design based on ready-made illustrations or drawings;
• calculate the height and width of the stairs, tread dimensions, number of flights and landings;
• make a sketch and drawing;
• make cutting of metal parts.

Entrust the assembly and fastening of the external metal staircase to specialists.

Tip: If the gentle flight of a stationary staircase leading to the attic or attic takes up a lot of space, think about how to use this part of the room. In the niche they make racks and shelves for books, souvenirs and collections. Or a “living corner” with an aquarium, cages for rodents and parrots, they will have to provide additional lighting under the stairs.

Almost all country houses have attics. To organize a comfortable and safe ascent there, it is necessary to equip a ladder.

It can be made of various materials, but wooden stairs are the most common and convenient. Let's look at their types in detail and tell you how they can be made of wood.

Structures for climbing into the attic can be permanent or removable. Their type depends on the availability of installation space, ceiling height and frequency of use.

After all, the attic is often used as a utility room, and there is no need to install a complex architectural structure. However, even among simple designs there are those that will fit harmoniously into the interior and will not take up much space.

When choosing a type, you don’t need to think about the possibility of moving large objects along it or having two people at the same time, since both of these situations are unlikely to arise.

Stationary types

All structures, according to the type of attachment to the supporting base, are divided into the following types:

Such structures consist of two load-bearing strings, straight or curved, between which steps are located in grooves.

• On the stringers.

They are a little reminiscent of bowstring systems, but the difference is that stringers serve as a support beam. The steps are attached to them from above, so that they seem to lie on supports. Usually one or two stringers are used.

• On pain.

In this case, the steps are pinned on one side to the wall, or to a load-bearing beam mounted into the wall. This system of steps looks very stylish.

• On support pillar.

This design has found application in screw type devices. One, narrowed end of the step is fixed to a vertical supporting support, and when correct location, all steps form a spiral march. The big advantage of such a system is that it does not take up much space.

• Combined designs.

Such structures can be made using all of the listed types of fastenings.

Stationary types are the most visually attractive, convenient and safe to use. However, it is not always possible to find suitable free space for installing capital attic systems.

Portable options

They are quite inconvenient to use for interfloor movements:

• Attached. This is the simplest device for ascent and descent. It can be used as a temporary one, brought and taken away at any time. The extensions are suitable for rare visits to this room. Such a device can be left in place, but it will not add any aesthetics to the interior. In addition, the unsteadiness and instability creates problems with the safety of the person using it.

• Ladder. Everything that has been said about the attached variety can be repeated about this type - with the only difference being that stepladders are a little more convenient and safe to use.

Most often, portable options are used when access to the attic is from the street.

Folding types

Manufacturers offer a large selection. They consist of 3-4 spans and are easily adjusted to any ceiling height. However, the price of these structures is quite decent.

Manufacturing

If the question arises about manufacturing, wood is the most suitable material for these purposes. There is no need to buy a ready-made design, since it is quite easy to make it yourself.

The production process of an attic ladder can be seen in the video in this article:

Production of stationary ladders on bowstrings

Capital construction with your own hands: stages of work. When making a structure, you will need bars for making a bowstring, boards for steps, a set of screws and anchors for fastening, varnish or paint for finishing.

Tools required for work:

Manufacturing instructions:

• A design drawing is being prepared.
• In accordance with the drawing, strings and steps are cut.
• In the bowstrings, grooves are cut out according to a pre-prepared stencil to install steps to a depth of 15-20 mm. The accuracy of cutting the grooves and maintaining the geometry are the most important part of the entire process, since, otherwise, the steps will become loose and the staircase will quickly become unusable.

• All parts are sanded with sandpaper.
• Before assembly, the parts are treated with an antiseptic.
• The grooves are coated with glue. Steps are being installed. For greater reliability, they are fixed from the outside using self-tapping screws. It is better to drown the hats and putty them.
• If necessary, you can install balusters and railings.
• Finishing with paints and varnishes.
• The structure is attached with anchors to the supports.

The result is a simple, but reliable and safe system.

Production

Requirements for folding structures:

• width of steps - 65-110 mm;
• number of steps - no more than 15;
• distance between steps is 16-20 cm;
• step thickness - 18-22 mm;
• height - no more than 3.5 m;
• load capacity - not less than 150 kg;
• tilt angle - 60-75 degrees.

Let's look at how to make it yourself:

Important! During the production of the structure, and especially during its installation, you will definitely need an assistant.

• A drawing is created.
• Details are being prepared. All cut areas are thoroughly cleaned.
• The hatch frame is being manufactured. The standard hatch size is 120x60 or 120x70, however, you can make it according to the existing opening.
• Using bolts and metal inserts, the frame is installed in the opening.
• The hatch cover can be made from 2 sheets of plywood 10 mm thick, laying polyethylene between them for vapor barrier. You can use a furniture board. We mount a handle to the lid.
• The cover is hung on the frame.

• On the prepared strings (on the inside), which will be used as supports, grooves are made (about 5 mm deep) for installing steps.
• The ends of the support beams are sawn off so that they are firmly placed on the floor. It is best to install plastic tips.
• For simplicity, you can use a structure cut into 3 fragments.
• The crossbars are secured with self-tapping screws between the strings. For strength, we recommend additionally applying glue to the joints.

• The parts are connected to each other using hinges.

• The design is made of sections, attached to the lid with corners (as in the photo).

• The valve is installed.
• For more convenient door opening, we recommend installing a lever-spring mechanism.
• The entire system is treated with a protective compound.

Important! Before attaching the system to the hatch, check that all components are functioning properly.

The result is a design that will provide safe access to the attic, and will not take up space in the house.

We looked at what types of wooden attic stairs there are, their types, and use cases. They gave advice on making a comfortable and functional staircase with your own hands. Now it's up to you!

Do-it-yourself attic staircase: standard dimensions and manufacturing process

The attic is a traditional room in almost every country house. Its functionality is unusually wide. For example, this room is used as a storage room or workshop; some homeowners even decorate the attic as a living room or bedroom. In fact, the functional purpose of such a room depends solely on your own imagination, as well as financial capabilities. However, despite the wide variety of design options for the attic space, it is worth knowing that the attic ladder with a hatch is an integral part of it. If you don't build this design, then you simply won’t be able to get into this room. Creating an attic staircase is a fairly simple matter, for which you don’t even have to turn to professionals in the construction industry.

The attic staircase must be functional

Actually, the most labor-intensive process in organizing the attic space is the design of the staircase segment. Before creating a project for a specific staircase for your home, you must first decide on the design category. The following options exist:

• foldable;
• stationary;
• portable.

Approximate diagram of a folding ladder with a hatch

Features of various designs

Construction industry specialists call the broad marching structure the most reliable in the corresponding segment. It is worth noting that its durability, reliability and safety cannot be compared with structural analogues on the market. Meanwhile, despite a large number of advantages of this option, choosing in its favor is sometimes impossible due to the banal lack of necessary free space. Thus, if you do not have a large area for stairs, then a stationary model will not suit you. However, you shouldn’t despair, because you can always build a folding staircase. Its design has the best characteristics of stationary and portable analogues. For example, it is not as reliable and safe as a stationary marching model, however, to organize such a structure it is necessary to have a very small amount of free space. In addition, folding models are the easiest to implement without the help of experienced professionals.

Simple two-piece staircase

Temporary solution

Portable models will be placed in a separate category, however, it is quite extensive. The variety of portable products is incredible. Meanwhile, we should not forget that the daily use of such a product can never become safe or comfortable enough, and the staircase itself is not able to compete with stationary and folding models in terms of operational and technical characteristics.

The staircase should be comfortable and functional

Selection of building materials

In the process of creating an attic staircase with your own hands, namely its preliminary drawing, it is worth paying attention to what building materials are usually used in this matter. Despite all the variety of products in the building materials segment, any experienced builder will tell you that there are certain types of products that perform best during operation. As a rule, all main structural parts are made primarily of wood, while fastening and fixing elements are made of metals. Thanks to the competent selection of materials, a do-it-yourself attic ladder, the drawing of which was made by a non-professional, will be much stronger and more reliable.

Folding ladder on hinges

How to make your choice?

Due to the fact that building materials for folding stairs to the attic are presented in a variety of price segments, source material and characteristics, it’s quite easy to drown in a sea of ​​information about them. To minimize the time spent searching and selecting the best options, you should follow a number of rules:

• Specify the type functional purpose design, as well as its main parameters, including design features, sectionality, width, etc.
• Choose building materials in strict accordance with how actively the product will be used and under what conditions.
• Define negative factors, which can reduce the operational life of the product.

Another typical attic staircase diagram

The main thing is to correctly define the function

Any specialist who has the required level of qualifications and experience in working with these types of objects will tell you that the final result largely depends on the correct definition of the functional purpose of the product construction work How to build a staircase to the attic with your own hands. This parameter allows you to calculate the indicator permissible load for each step of the product. Standard value This indicator for a metal product reads about 250 kGs, but wooden models are designed only for 150 kGs. In addition, it is worth considering that the above indicators are valid for products made by professionals, while home-made objects have slightly lower parameters. In general, the permissible pressure on a step does not mean that it cannot withstand greater stress. However, if you overload the structure too often, it will become unusable in a fairly short period of time.

When opening the hatch, you do not have to make much effort

So, the main criteria by which the optimal option is selected are as follows:

• area of ​​free space in the room;
• functional purpose of the object;
• required angle of inclination of the product.

The creation of the drawing must be carried out in accordance with regulations

Stages of work and their features

In fact, experts say that there is nothing particularly difficult in creating a ladder with a hatch with your own hands. Enough to stick certain rules, proven over the years. For example, when drawing up design drawings, you should be guided by regulatory and technical documentation, which, in addition to general conditions, also provides specific parameters of standard products. In addition, on the Internet there are a lot of ready-made schemes for every taste offered in the public domain. You can take a ready-made option and start implementing the project, or modify it a little in accordance with the individual characteristics of the house.

Tools recommended by experts

What to consider when designing?

Most General requirements regulatory and technical documentation can be reduced to a number of simple and understandable conditions:

• the ergonomic range of product width is from 60 to 100 centimeters;
• the best height is three and a half meters;
• maximum number of steps – 15 pieces;
• the distance between adjacent steps should be about 20 centimeters;
• a comfortable step height for a person reaches about 20 centimeters, a deviation of 2 centimeters is allowed;
• If we are talking about a folding structure, then when creating the project, a permissible load of 15 kilograms is taken.

Tools

Having decided to independently carry out construction work, it is very important to stock up on a certain set of equipment, so that in the process of implementing the product project you do not stop due to the banal lack of a screwdriver or tape measure. So, the standard set of tools consists of the following items:

• polyurethane foam;
• bars;
• self-tapping screws;
• electric screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• yardstick;
• anchors;
• screwdrivers.

Building a staircase is not difficult

Location Features

All the nuances of the location of the object in the room will become visible during the construction process. This is especially true if you are involved in the creation and subsequent implementation of the project yourself. Remember that the product cannot in any way reduce the comfort of the room. That is why stairs with hatches are not located in bedrooms, living rooms and kitchens. However, if necessary, you can diversify your staircase project with an interesting design. Thanks to this, the product can harmoniously fit into the overall interior of the room.

Project implementation technology

By following a certain technology, you can quickly and efficiently implement even a complex project. So, if you have chosen metal as the main material, then remember that the following steps are carried out:

• the drawing is applied to sheets of cardboard;
• cardboard elements of the future product are cut out;
• the hinge is marked on metal strips and special holes are prepared;
• the prepared parts are fixed together;
• the required angle is measured and the structure is moved apart in accordance with the obtained parameters;
• on metal sheets, markings are applied to those places that will subsequently be covered with corners;
• elements are cut out using a special tool;
• gives an aesthetic appearance to the object;
• existing corners are rounded;
• The workpieces are fastened in pairs.

Before starting work, install a temporary ladder

As you can see, the technology for implementing a staircase project with your own hands is quite simple. It applies not only to metal objects, but also to wooden products.

In order for the appearance of the attic staircase to be as attractive as possible, do not be too lazy to implement preparatory work on the surface building material. We are talking, for example, about applying a special primer before covering the surface with a paint.

Do not be afraid of difficulties, because the technology for constructing stairs may seem problematic to you only at first glance and require experience in the construction industry. Applying the optimal amount of effort will help you achieve maximum results.

DIY stairs to the attic. How to make an attic ladder

There is an attic in any country house. Very often this is an unused room, but in some cases some unnecessary things are stored here or even a room is being furnished. In any case, there must be access to it, and for this purpose stairs are made to the attic. They can be made of wood and metal - in this case, you can make them yourself. Or they can be beautiful forged - such designs are usually created to order.

Primary requirements

Before building an attic staircase, you need to consider several of its features. Firstly, it must be convenient and safe to use. Moreover, these two indicators depend on the design principle of the stairs and the attic itself. Important role takes into account the type of staircase, the width of its steps, and the height of the rise. The height of the stairs is calculated depending on what its design will be. If it is a folding type, then you need to carefully consider its dimensions when folded.

The steps must be of such a size that it is comfortable and safe for anyone to climb them. The correctness of the design also depends on the location of the steps: the distance between them should not be too small or large. Failure to comply with these requirements will violate safety regulations.

The width of the flight of stairs to the attic must be at least 0.8 m. It is important that the angle of inclination is maintained: this needs to be thought through at the stage of designing the structure.

Types of stairs: folding or stationary?

The choice between these two types of structures depends on how large the area of ​​the attic is. Of course, a stationary staircase is more reliable and safe, but it is also solid, that is, it requires a lot of space. This is why many people prefer folding attic ladders: they are convenient, take up little space, due to the fact that they can be folded. Most often, such structures consist of several sections that overlap each other, thereby saving space. Moreover, they can always be adjusted depending on the required size.

Or retractable?

These designs are becoming increasingly popular, due to their advantages:

• are cheap;
• easy to install;
• take up little space thanks to the accordion-shaped design;
• reliable;
• mask the structure with an attic hatch.

All these advantages make retractable stairs so popular. How to make it yourself?

Self-installation of a retractable ladder: main steps

The very first step should be a thorough analysis and check of the dimensions of the hatch opening. This is necessary to ensure that the parameters you choose coincide with the dimensions of the stairs. Then the location of the bars is thought out - first at the bottom, then at the top. Special spacers are located between the opening and the staircase - they will help better fix the structure. When it is laid, the spacers can be removed.

Or outside?

If space does not allow you to install retractable stairs, you can replace them with an external structure. It will provide a connection between the outside world and the interior of your home. The main thing is to remember the safety rules, since the operation of such a structure has its own characteristics. During installation external staircase It is important to choose the right material: it must be resistant to sunlight, have increased abrasive wear, reliable and wear-resistant.

Wooden staircase

Wooden stairs to the attic are the simplest option, which you can create with your own hands. There are several ways to do this. Let's look at the simplest and most practical ones.

To make an attic staircase, you first need to take measurements: we need parameters for the height of the room, the expected angle of inclination, which most often reaches 30 degrees, while the height is about 2.5 m. In order for the staircase to be reliable and correct from a design point of view, you need to think through and draw up the drawings correctly. The simplest wooden stairs are created on the basis of bars for stringers, bars corresponding to the width of the stairs for fastening, overhead hinges and boards from which we will make the steps. Yes, and don’t forget about the folding hangers - the hatch cover will be fixed on them. The installation process itself is as follows:

1. Steps are installed and securely fastened between the stringers. This is done either using a tongue-and-groove type of fastening, or with self-tapping screws, or with glue. It is better to treat the steps with anti-slip pads - they will increase the safety of the structure.
2. The staircase is first secured under the ceiling opening using two bars that are equal to the width of the staircase. Their connection is made with loops.
3. We check how efficient the hinges are, and then finally tighten the fasteners.

This is the easiest way to create a staircase to the attic.

This is a more labor-intensive method of making a staircase, which can easily be installed even in a country house. It looks more aesthetically pleasing and has more reliable design, which is important in conditions of heavy load on it. The structure itself will be movable on one side, and the other half will be attached to the wall. To create such a staircase to the attic we will need:

• two boards of length corresponding to the height of the ceiling and the angle of inclination;
• boards for creating steps at least 0.5 m wide and about 3 cm thick;
• bolts, self-tapping screws as fasteners;
• card loops that will attach the steps.

It is important to arm yourself with a drawing - it will allow you to complete all the work efficiently and accurately. After determining the angle of inclination, you need to saw off the bars at the top and bottom so that they rest firmly on the floor. The boards along their entire length are divided into equal sections - here the steps will be located at the distance you need. The steps are fastened with card loops, and after the structure is completed, you can make it elegant by varnishing or painting it.

Metal stairs

Attic stairs made of aluminum look very beautiful, especially if your country house is decorated in the style of “minimalism” or “high-tech”. What's good about metal? Firstly, it is more reliable. Secondly, such structures are treated with special compounds that protect the surface from mechanical stress or corrosion. Third, metal constructions able to withstand heavy loads.

The most popular among buyers are retractable metal stairs, which take up little space. They are relevant for rooms that are small in size, that is, where it is required rational use space.

How to do it yourself?

Despite the complexity of the technological process, you can make a metal staircase yourself. Moreover, it can be made of either metal or a combination of materials. To make the simplest metal staircase we will need to prepare:

• welding machine;
• mechanical saw;
• an emery wheel, which we will use to remove burrs on the metal;
• a circular saw and a clamp for joining parts if the staircase has wooden parts;
• metallic profile;
• pipes;
• steel sheets.

Please note that the quantity of materials is calculated based on the drawing. We will use a welding machine to make strong seams, so the staircase will be a monolithic and durable structure.

Such an aluminum or steel staircase will be constructed on the basis of a channel (size 8-10). The steps are made of sheet steel; if they are without additional finishing, you will need a grating on the steps that will protect against falling. The fences are made of angle steel, and the supports for the treads are made of reinforcement. First, support devices are installed and welded onto the beam, then brackets for fastening are welded.

Metal attic stairs can have wooden treads, but first you need to think about where the additional fasteners will be located. On metal steps, the holes for self-tapping screws should be located at a distance of 15 cm from each other. A plywood backing is mounted to the metal treads - it is attached with mounting adhesive, which after hardening retains its shape.

Finished aluminum staircase

Very often, many people prefer to buy ready-made structures rather than install them themselves. But even in this case you will have to work hard, since they are delivered disassembled. How to assemble? The general scheme of work is approximately as follows:

1. First, a sketch of the future staircase is created.
2. 4 identical sections are cut from a metal profile or pipe.
3. The pipe is secured in a vice and thoroughly cleaned of rust.
4. Steps are cut out of a metal sheet - they must be the same length.
5. The steps are tried on a flat surface and adjusted to size.
6. The steps are attached to the supports by welding - this is a more reliable option than angles and bolts.
7. The bottom of the staircase is finished with rubber heels.

Forged structures: beautiful and modern

Very often in country houses, rooms with an attic or attic are connected with wrought-iron stairs. Moreover, they can be simple screw ones, or they can have ornate designs, which allows them to fit into any room stylistically. All spiral staircases can be divided into several types:

• in the first version, the staircase is supported by a central pillar and walls;
• in the second, the spiral staircase is removed from the walls and mounted on a support pillar with steps;
• in the third case, the staircase with a turn does not have a central pillar, but rests on spirally curved strings;
• the fourth option is a reliable metal staircase, which rests on a monolith pillar based on a steel pipe.

The most convenient are stairs, the span width of which is up to 900 mm with a diameter of the entire staircase structure of up to 2200 mm.

What if you buy it?

If you don’t want to do the installation yourself, you can always buy the same forged stairs, which are quite difficult to install yourself, much less come up with and make. Many brands offer a large selection of attic stairs, not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world. Let's look at the most popular:

1. STANDART ISO PLUS (MINKA, Austria). This folding wooden ladder is made of quality MDF and is designed for a maximum load of 150 kg. There are special protective attachments on the legs, and the metal handrail ensures maximum safety. This compact staircase, the price of which is on average 8,200 rubles.
2. The Danish company VELTA offers economy-class structures that can be installed in the attic or attic. For 6000 rubles you get simple stairs, which is compact: it consists of three sections that are conveniently assembled and retracted into the ceiling.
3. FAKRO stairs are made from winter-harvested pine, therefore they are reliable and durable in use. This company offers a wide range of products that are compact and have a wide price range. The insulated hatch cover is the most important advantage that this ladder has. The price of models starts from 8,000 rubles. It is also important that all connections of the structure are reliable and durable, the steps are supplemented with anti-slip grooves, making operation safe and comfortable.

conclusions

Now you know how to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands. Having the simplest materials at hand, you will create a laconic but convenient wooden or aluminum structure.

Do-it-yourself attic staircase with hatch: drawings and step-by-step master classes with instructions

The staircase to the attic is a simple design that you can easily create yourself. It can be solid - made of wood or metal, or it can have a light and convenient folding shape. What options are suitable for your attic and how to make and install an attic ladder with a hatch with your own hands, read our material.

Stepladders for the attic? It's in the past!

The exit to the attic is almost always located in one of living rooms top floor of the house. Therefore, you have to either sacrifice space and spoil the interior, or use a portable stepladder. The last option is not only troublesome, but also quite risky, since unstable steps can break off, and in order to hold the stepladder itself, you often need to invite family members to help.

We suggest you make a choice in favor of a more reliable option - designing and implementing a new modern attic staircase. Types and recommendations for creating a good-quality staircase to the attic with your own hands, which we give below, will help you make your choice.

Attic stairs: overview of options

The main elements of the staircase are the bowstring and the stringer (side parts); tread (steps) and riser (for stationary stairs).

I. Capital steps

If there is enough space in your house, then we recommend building a stationary staircase to access the attic or attic. This option is reliable, practical and durable. Capital steps can be performed on the basis metal frame or quality wood.

Monolithic stairs can be marching, with one or more bends, or spiral (spiral). Marching options have steps in the form of rectangular plates (boards), which evenly move upward at the same distance. Spiral staircase folded around a central base, has steps narrowed towards the inner edge and is arranged in a spiral. The latter option is more compact and can be built even in small spaces, without sacrificing space.

The “advantages” of the capital option include durability, reliability and ease of use.

A capital staircase, in most cases, does not provide a hatch for access to the attic, therefore it is more suitable for houses with warm roof. For a cold roof, the exit to the attic must be closed with a sealed hatch. The standard dimensions of the hatch are 120x70 cm. It makes no sense to make the passage smaller, as this will complicate both getting into the attic and installing steps.

The material for the hatch is wood, metal or plastic. You can order a blank for the hatch at the metal-plastic structures factory with installation or self-assembly. The hatch can be automatic or manual opening. At latest version a special pole is used to open the latch (lock) and lower the ladder door.

II. Portable ladders

Portable steps are the closest analogue of the “good old” stepladders. Such a ladder will only be reliable if you make a folding version with a platform. However, it is difficult to call such a design convenient. You will have to make extra efforts to get into the attic hole, and the issue of storing such a ladder will cause a lot of trouble.

III. Folding attic ladders with hatch

A very convenient and easy-to-implement type of attic ladder is folding steps connected to a hatch. Thanks to its convenient design, this type of steps has become the most popular among professional craftsmen.

Today there are many types of folding stairs, from which you can choose the most suitable option(telescopic, scissor, folding, etc.).

The folding mechanism is suitable for any attic spaces with a hatch onto which the staircase structure can be attached.

1. Scissor steps. This type is made of metal. The steps themselves can be wooden. The ladder is a compressing mechanism. When folded, the design takes on a very compact shape and size, so it is perfect for a small attic hatch;
2. Telescopic steps. They are a system of retractable sections (similar to a folding telescope). This option is made of aluminum and also looks very compact on a small attic door;
3. Folding (folding) stairs. This type is the most popular, as it is characterized by practicality, durability, cost-effectiveness and ease of installation. Below we will describe it in more detail.

In general, most stairs schematically look like this:

Before we begin designing an attic staircase, let's consider some standard design characteristics:

• The width of the march for attic steps should not exceed 60-65 cm;
• The height of the entire structure (taking into account the slope) is allowed up to 300 cm. Anything that exceeds this length becomes less stable and less strong. The higher the ladder, the less load it can withstand;
• Based on the recommended length of the stairs, the number of steps is selected - 13-15 pieces, with a distance between them of up to 20 cm;
• The most convenient and safe angle of inclination of the stairs is 60-700 degrees;
• Steps are a direct recipient of the load when climbing, so they must have a dense structure and a thickness of 18 mm, and be positioned strictly parallel to the floor.

The choice of material for a flight of stairs should be determined by the frequency of operation of the structure. Wood wears out faster than metal. So, if you go up to the attic every day, it is better to design the steps from metal. In other cases, the tree is like light material, environmentally friendly and easy to install, is very popular.

So, let's get started and create a modern attic staircase with a hatch with your own hands according to the drawings that our specialists have prepared for you.

Stages of design and installation of a staircase of three sections with a hatch

I. Preparation of the drawing

At this stage, the design is calculated. The length of the stairs is easy to calculate. We use a simple mathematical formula: D = B/, where α is the selected angle of inclination, B is the height of the ceiling. So, with a ceiling height of 3 m and an inclination angle of 60 degrees, the length of the staircase will be 3/0.867 = 3.46 m. ​​Craftsmen advise adding a few centimeters to the resulting figure in order to then more accurately measure and cut the required length:

The dimensions of the hatch should be slightly smaller than the opening itself. For the calculation, 6-7 mm is left on each side of the door.

We calculate the length of the sections according to the following scheme: the first section is the length of the hatch minus 10%; second section – length of the first section minus 10%; third section - the sum of the lengths of the first two sections is subtracted from the total length of the stairs.

Now you need to transfer the calculations to paper and start preparing necessary materials and tools.

II. Selection of materials and tools

To implement the project, you need to prepare carpentry tools: tape measure, chisel, hacksaw, screwdriver, welding machine (or capital connections for a metal frame), square, hacksaw, clamps, wood glue, masking tape, electrodes, wood glue.

The main materials that we will need: 50x50 mm bars for finishing the hatch (about 4-5 pieces); two boards for the bowstring 100x25 mm long, equal to the selected length of the ladder; board for steps 100x20 or 100x25 mm; plywood or material with similar characteristics (one standard sheet is enough for the hatch door); plates and angles for opening and hinges; nuts, bolts, screws, washers, etc.

III. Making a hatch door

Step I. Prepare the bars for the hatch. At the ends of the beams, make cuts and grooves to tightly connect the structure into a regular triangle using assembly glue and fasteners. Protect the corners of the frame with temporary plywood plates to prevent the rectangle from moving.

Step II. Attach a sheet of plywood of the appropriate size to the base of the bars. Now you need to try on the hatch to the passage to the attic. It should be 6-7 mm smaller on all sides.

Step III. Provide a lock for the attic door. This can be an automatic mechanism, or a very ordinary latch, which can be opened with a pole with a tip.

Step IV. We install hatch opening/closing mechanisms. If you don’t want to buy ready-made mechanisms, you can make them yourself. There should be two fastenings - left and right. For work, purchase a 4x20 mm steel plate and a corner. The photo shows a drawing of the left fastening part. The right one is performed in a mirror image. Dimensions are given arbitrarily. For more accurate calculations, consider your parameters. Before fastening, be sure to check the mechanisms in operation:

IV. Assembling the stairs

You can always order a ready-made sectional staircase from the craftsmen, which can be secured according to ready-made diagram on one's own. But if you decide to complete the work yourself, you can assemble the stairs from prepared materials.

Step 1. Mark on the strings the places where the steps will be installed. To do this, mark each part with a pencil, according to the selected angle of inclination of the stairs and the previously made calculations. Now press the ends of the boards tightly together and secure them with masking tape. This is necessary to drill through holes at the junctions of the sections. Drill a hole for the hinge with a diameter of about 25 mm at the junction of the first and second sections. Next, you need to remove the tape and turn the boards over, fastening them again. Now we drill a similar hole at the junction of the second and third sections:

Step 2. Cut the bowstrings along the marked lines. Next, grooves for the steps are made on the inside of the bowstrings using a chisel. The depth of the grooves must be at least 5 mm (this should also be taken into account at the first design stage). The lower section of the bowstrings should be beveled according to the angle of inclination of the stairs.

Step 3. We cut the steps according to the markings and attach them to the left bowstring. We put the steps on glue and secure them with self-tapping screws. We attach the right bowstring and also fasten it with self-tapping screws.

Step 4. Attach the loops for sliding mechanism stairs. Hinges, like hinge mechanisms, can be bought in a store, or made independently from metal tape. We need eight strips of metal (you can use leftovers from the door mechanisms). Weld small pieces of the same strip to the four strips. We drill two holes in each part (for fastening and hinge). We connect the hinge with the hinges. Now we join the cut sections and attach the hinges so that each hinge fits into the groove (25 mm holes drilled before cutting the sections). We fasten the loops on the bowstrings:

V. Final assembly

Now the top of the finished ladder needs to be secured to the hatch, having first checked the operation of the hinge mechanisms. The staircase should also be checked after installation. After making sure that all parts are in good working order and functional, open the steps with varnish:

One more thing step by step guide for installation:

You can insulate and seal the hatch using foam rubber or construction wool. The edges of the hatch should be covered with rubber sealant tape.

That's it, your staircase with hatch is ready! This is exactly the option that is completely feasible “with one helmet.” We wish you fast and easy work.

DIY staircase to the attic

For country cottages, private houses and simple country houses, equipped with an attic, the presence of a convenient and reliable staircase leading to the mentioned room is a common necessity of life.

DIY staircase to the attic

At the same time, the staircase does not have to be capital and bulky at all - you can assemble and install an excellent folding structure, which will be in no way inferior to stationary stairs.

DIY staircase to the attic

You can complete all the related tasks yourself, saving money and testing your own strength.

Choosing the type of staircase

There are several types of stairs that can be installed to access your attic.

Stationary

A staircase with wide flights and railings is the most reliable, durable and easy-to-use design. However, the possibility of arranging such a staircase is not available everywhere - it certainly cannot be equipped in small areas.

Portable

They are used primarily as a temporary option, as well as for access to rarely used rooms. The main disadvantages of such a ladder are low safety and ease of use. Therefore, if possible, the use of such a design should be abandoned.

Folding

They are something between portable and stationary ladders. In terms of ease of use and safety, they are almost in no way inferior to full-fledged stationary structures and, at the same time, have a significant advantage - they require very little space for their arrangement. Therefore, when making a staircase yourself, it is recommended to give preference to a folding structure.

Selection of materials

An equally important point is the choice of materials from which the stairs to the attic will be assembled. Wood is usually used to make the main elements of folding sectional stairs, and fasteners are traditionally made of metal.

Currently, there are many different materials, types of controls and fasteners, which makes it easy to assemble a folding staircase that will best suit your specific room.

When choosing materials for the manufacture of attic stairs, you need to take into account a number of important factors. First of all, decide on the functional purpose of the structure, its type, width, and the optimal number of sections.

The functional purpose of the stairs to the attic is very important in terms of determining the maximum permissible load on the steps. So, for example, factory-made wooden stairs can withstand an average load of 150 kgf, metal ones - 250 kgf. For homemade stairs, these figures are slightly reduced.

This does not mean that the steps will not be able to withstand a higher load, but it is definitely not worth loading them regularly, otherwise the structure will break very quickly.

Attic stairs, drawing

The width of the stairs should not be greater than the width of the attic opening.

When choosing the dimensions of the attic ladder, be guided by proven and approved standards.

• march width – at the level of 650-1100 mm;
• height - no more than 350 cm. With more significant values, the staircase noticeably loses in terms of rigidity and overall safety;
• number of steps – up to 15. In some situations, the number of steps can be increased with the obligatory additional strengthening of the structure;
• the distance between the steps is 15-20 cm, usually they are placed at a distance of about 18-19 cm;
• the thickness of the steps is about 2 cm, may deviate slightly in both directions;
• the angle of inclination is about 60-80 degrees. Installing stairs at a small angle requires a lot of free space, while a large angle reduces the safety of the structure.
• When designing a staircase, be sure to take into account the expected level of load on the structure.

Remember: the steps must be installed strictly parallel to the floor surface. In addition, the steps of the stairs must be non-slip. To do this, you can stuff linings of any non-slip material over the base material.

Interfloor opening size

Guide to making a staircase to the attic

There is nothing overly complicated about making your own stairs to the attic. Of course, an inexperienced craftsman is unlikely to be able to assemble a structure with the same attractive appearance as factory-made models, but it’s definitely worth a try.

DIY attic folding ladder

Before starting work, create a drawing of the future staircase. If you do not have the necessary skills, order the creation of a drawing from a specialist, or select a suitable diagram from the options presented in open sources.

One of the drawings

Tools

Prepare all the necessary tools immediately so as not to be distracted by searching for missing tools in the future.

• hacksaw;
• polyurethane foam;
• electric screwdriver;
• screwdrivers;
• anchor;
• self-tapping screws;
• bars;
• fastening loops;
• yardstick.

Almost complete set

Markup Tools

Also, before starting work, you need to buy or assemble an ordinary ladder. To assemble such a structure yourself, you only need to fix the transverse steps between two long vertical posts and further strengthen the structure.

The finished staircase should be approximately 30 cm longer than the distance from the level of the opening to the attic to the floor.

You can also easily handle making a hatch with your own hands. The only materials you will need are sheets of plywood and a wooden beam 5x5 cm.

First step. Choose a location to place the hatch and determine its optimal dimensions. Add approximately 7-9 mm on each side to the dimensions of the hatch so that in the future you can easily close the lid without squeaks or other noise. Make the opening according to the specific dimensions.

Second step. Cut the wooden beam into four parts in accordance with the dimensions of the hatch.

A simple scheme for constructing an insulated attic hatch

Third step. Make grooves at the ends of the bars. Lubricate the prepared grooves and connect the bars into a rectangular (square) structure. Additionally strengthen the connections using self-tapping screws. Screw the gussets so that the diagonal does not move.

Fourth step. Attach the plywood cover to the resulting base and try on the product in the hatch opening.

Fifth step. Install a regular latch into the hatch cover. You will open the latch using a handle. Attach it to the lid and finally fix the product in the pre-aligned opening. Usually loops are used for this.

The hatch should open easily

Simple folding ladder

Start making a folding ladder. It is assumed that you already have at your disposal the previously mentioned wooden extension ladder.

First step. Attach the width of the beam to the bottom of the ladder. Attach the same block to the top of the product. In this case, the lower bar must be fixed rigidly, and the upper one - on the hinges.

Second step. Saw the ladder into 2 parts. The upper part should have a length of about 2/3 of the total length of the stairs.

Third step. Attach a pair of slats to provide additional diagonal rigidity.

Fourth step. Connect the parts of the structure using loops.

Fifth step. Secure the top beam under the hatch using anchors.

Sixth step. Secure bottom part ladders using a hook - thanks to this it will not open spontaneously. Place the loop on the stringer above the cutting line.

Seventh step. Press the finished structure against the wall surface and secure.

The main disadvantage of such a homemade staircase is its not very attractive appearance - the entire beam and fastening elements remain visible. However, such a staircase copes 100% with the main tasks - ensuring a convenient and safe ascent and return descent.

An improved and more attractive version of the previous design. There is also nothing complicated in making such a staircase; it is enough to follow all the instructions step by step.

Folding attic ladder with strings

First step. Share a regular sideboard wooden stairs into 3 parts. Make the first part according to the dimensions of the attic hatch, make the second a little smaller than the first, and make the third such that the remaining space to the floor surface is completely covered.

Second step. Take a small tool and measure the corner of the attic hatch. Transfer the angle to the boards, thus marking the location of the steps.

Third step. Drill holes where the hinges will be located between the individual stair sections.

Fourth step. Sand the edges of the structures.

Fifth step. Saw the boards at the hinge points.

Sixth step. Cut and sand the steps.

Seventh step. Prepare indentations for the steps in the strings.

Eighth step. Insert the steps into the prepared recesses. Use glue and further strengthen the connections with self-tapping screws.

Ninth step. Connect the sections of the stairs using special loops. To do this, the sections must be placed on a stable, flat surface.

Tenth step. Check the operation of all sections. If you find any defects or deviations, try to correct them immediately.

Eleventh step. Sand all wooden surfaces and coat them with varnish.

Twelfth step. After the varnish has completely dried, install the structure in the attic hatch opening. If necessary, make final adjustments to the structural elements.

Thus, self-assembly stairs is extremely simple and accessible to almost every event. At the same time, the cost of a homemade staircase will be much lower compared to the price of a similar factory-produced design. Follow the instructions and everything will definitely work out.

Also read the article on our website - do-it-yourself staircase to the basement.

Video - Do-it-yourself staircase to the attic

Attic stairs - so convenient and practical

Types of opening retractable flights

Telescopic ladder - a plus for the convenience of using the attic

When installing retractable stairs you have to choose between several types:

• Scissor model. The peculiarity of opening and assembly is the folding and extension of the structure in the form of an accordion. The transformation mechanism has the shape of a parallelogram or oval. After ordering the product (prices from 3,000 rubles), after a while the structure will need to be lubricated to avoid squeaks.
• Telescopic device. The product includes many retractable sections that fold into one another. Belongs to the category of less selling buildings in the middle price segment.
• Folding view installations - sectional and hinged. The composition includes 2-4 sections. The first elbow has a length corresponding to the size of the hatch cover and is attached to it. Other elements open to create a level flight of stairs. Sectional structures are movable thanks to the installation of hinges and hinges. They are found at different prices: from 3 to 20 thousand rubles.
• Folding model. Most of the time the structure is folded and mounted on the wall. It is pulled out as needed to go up to the attic. The steps are fixed on a string using card loops. By studying the prices for a given product item, you can choose a completely acceptable solution.

Main settings

The installation of a mobile structure (both cheap and expensive) is designed to ensure the ability to use the attic as needed. It has small dimensions and a load level, which eliminates the possibility of moving furniture and large objects.

Dimensions of buildings:

• The standard width of steps varies between 400-600 mm.
• The height limit reaches up to 3.5 m. Calculation of installations is made by adding 30 cm to the height of the ceilings.
• The number of steps is 14 - 15.
• The step between the crossbars is 20 - 30 cm.
• Tilt angle 60 - 75 degrees.
• Maximum load level 150 - 250 kg.
• Hatch sizes 70 - 120. Smaller parameters are inconvenient to use. With increasing size, slightly greater heat loss is possible.
• The depth of the steps varies from 5 to 18 cm.

Brands and prices of folding staircases

Attic folding stairs can also be made of wood - it turns out very chic

The development of attic folding systems is usually carried out by manufacturers skylights. That’s why you often see the names on dealers’ websites attic devices from famous leaders: Atrium, Dolle, FAKRO, Roto, Velta, Oman. Prices are calculated taking into account material and technical equipment. On average, prices for high-quality products are in the range of 3,000 - 10,000 thousand rubles.

Complete set of mobile attic steps

The device includes a box for placement in a designated opening. Its fastening is ensured by self-tapping screws. Geometric dimensions easy to adjust using an engineering angle. Maintaining strict perpendicularity affects the further functionality of the device. To protect against heat loss, rubber or rubber seals (EPDM) are placed in the inside of the box.

The presence of special loops facilitates the hanging of sections with a spring mechanism. They are mounted inside. A manhole cover is attached to the installation box from the outside. Her connection with ladder installation is mandatory because the hatch allows you to hide the folded steps. In the closed position, the cover remains invisible on the ceiling of the lower floor. Insulation with a layer of 36 - 76 mm serves to increase thermal insulation.

To activate the system, just pull the ring and the span will lower to your feet. Correct adjustment of the spring mechanism will ensure smooth opening and assembly of the product. Installing a latch lock and pole is necessary to increase the level of convenience.

The package may include handrails with latches. plastic platbands. Sold separately additional sections. Ready installations Often it is necessary to trim with the installation of anti-slip attachments. Scissor ladders allow you to remove a specified number of links.

Installation of folding flights for the attic

When purchasing folding structures, it is important to pay attention to the price and standard sizes provided. Typically, the manufacturer specifies the size between the floors and the slope range.

For example, if the gap between the floors is 2800 mm, then the hatch parameters vary within the range 600/680*930/940 mm, 600*1200 mm, 700*1200mm. Ceiling height 3050 mm is designed for openings 600*1300 mm, 700*1300 mm. When the height of the walls is 3250 mm, the option 700 * 1300 mm is considered.

Structurally, the products are presented in 3-4 folding sections, equipped with a special mechanism in the form of hinges.

Attention! Using corner hinges and a stencil, the height of the structure is adjusted.

Selection of material for telescopic attic spans

Opening technology determines the choice of materials: metal (steel, aluminum, stainless steel), wood or combinations. The folding version is created from solid wood and metal. The first option is characterized by connecting parts using the technology “ dovetail».

There are technological projections at the edges of the steps. They are placed in the gaps made in the guides. To give strength to the connection, the shrinkage of the structure is fixed with glue. The spans are created from solid or glued beams solid coniferous trees, ash and beech (model A100, Atrium). Durable steps are carved from oak wood.
Among the leading brands we can distinguish products of different price categories:

1. Dolie.
2. FAKRO.
3. Oman.
4. Roto.
5. Velta.
6. Holzplast.

When choosing metal types of products, you can opt for aluminum and steel options. Steel structures are presented on the international market with a powder coating that resists corrosion. It’s easy to find a profitable solution in the product line of FAKRO, Oman, Roto. Combinations of steel and wood installations are widely in demand. They are presented in the Oman assortment.

When choosing an accordion (pantograph, telescopic, scissor or spring model), the main material for the structure is anodized steel. The steps are treated with powder paint. Their coating is formed by anti-slip notches. New product releases with pneumatic-electric drive and remote control (Fakro, Roto) are attracting attention.

Purchasing slide flights with sections placed one inside the other ensures telescopic extension of sections made of metal or in combinations. The latter type consists of wooden steps and metal supports.

Choosing a place to install attic steps

If you need to buy a budget staircase with an uninsulated roof, you can pay attention to the hatch thickness of 16 mm. Its box usually does not have a seal. This option is considered successful for purchasing when equipping unheated country houses and outbuildings.

A folding ladder to the attic is convenient!

The Dolle product range is represented by the popular Basic line of wood products. The composition includes 3 sections designed for a height of 2850 mm. The opening has dimensions of 60.7*120 cm. Increased safety can be ensured by ordering auxiliary handrails.

Advice: if installation is intended in residential premises, the right choice wooden structures will become technical buildings It’s good to install more practical ones - metal steps.

Improved staircase designs for the attic

To expand the efficiency indicators of folding spans, manufacturers have developed special offers:

• The Velta catalog allows you to select an inexpensive item from the Compact catalog. It looks like a 4-section installation with an insulated hatch. Among the main ones is a small-sized opening of 600 * 925 mm, the projection of the span onto the floor is no more than 1260 mm.
• Roto attracts site visitors with its Mini aluminum scissor solution. The steps are only 8 cm wide. The insulated hatch is characterized by a heat transfer resistance coefficient of 1.25 m2 C/W. Purchasing a small model makes it easy to equip ceilings that form a height of 2250-2500 mm (calculated for 10 steps). Removal within 1180-1250 mm.
• The need for a compact structure can be satisfied on the Oman catalog page - the Mini staircase includes 4 sections with a box of 600 * 800 mm and 700 * 800 mm. The height of the premises will be 2650 mm, the projection will be 1000 mm.
• No less attractive is the small-sized LWK staircase (opening 600*940 mm), produced by FAKR0! A scissor installation (600*900 mm or 700*800 mm) will compete with it. The production of the series is regulated by European standards EN 14975.

Attic ladder installations with additional options

For those who are accustomed to seeing convenience in everything and do not seek compromises in choosing price and quality, fundamentally new designs have been developed, thought out to the smallest detail.
Exclusive developments are the property of manufacturing companies.

The “Prestige” series (Velta, cost about 12 thousand rubles) is a striking example of the use of ClickFix technology. Its peculiarity lies in the possibility of assembly and installation without additional equipment.

Among the tools you will need is a screwdriver and a saw if you need to cut the legs. The hatch is insulated and forms a layer of 7.6 cm, and to prevent the entry of cold air and moisture, 2 seals are used. The opening has parameters of 600*1200 mm. The ceiling is characterized by a height of 2740 mm, the projection onto the floor is 1180 mm. March control is provided remotely.

Roto will surprise and delight sophisticated users with the Elektro scissor system. The package is equipped with a silent electric drive with a capacity of 24 W and an emergency power supply provided for the operation of the product in the absence of power. The steps are made of aluminum and are designed for a load limit of up to 200 kg. The construction of 9 steps will be an uncompromising solution for floors with a height of 2200-2500 mm. The greatest offset reaches up to 1400 -1250 mm.

Installation of folding steps (using FAKRO as an example)

Among the tools you will need is a screwdriver, screwdrivers (flat and Phillips) and an open-end wrench 10. The process consists of several stages:

1. The frame for the outer frame is installed.
2. At the inner corners (on the attic side) there are metal corners on the frame for fixing. They are adapted for temporary hanging of the product. Nuts are mounted in them, and threaded pins are screwed into the nuts.
3. The frame is placed in the hatch and back stops (pipes with gaps) are placed on the pins.
4. Using screw rods, the frame is leveled in all directions.
5. Using a rigid lining (to prevent deformation), the frame is fixed to the slope with screws or dowels on two adjacent sides.
6. The diagonals are checked for equality. The screws should not be tightly clamped.