As you know, in addition to diseases, grapes are also affected by various pests. And with pests everything is much simpler than with fungal diseases. They are easier to detect and quickly destroyed with effective insecticides or acaricides. But, despite this, there are several types of pests that are especially dangerous for grapes. The most dangerous pests that often infect grapes are: phylloxera (namely grape root aphids), mites and leaf rollers. And in general, any other pest has no place in the vineyard, since it reduces the likelihood of getting a good harvest.
The most common grape pests
There are many pests that attack grapes and are common in our area, these include:
- grape flea beetles;
- grape leaf miner;
- grape cushion;
- grape borer;
- wood borer;
- grape mites;
- leaf rollers;
- phylloxera.
Grape flea beetle
This pest can attack other crops and also spread from them to grapes, so there is always a high probability of infection. Another name for this pest is the leaf beetle. Outwardly, it looks like a small cockroach and has an oval body shape, up to 4 mm long. In early spring these bugs jump and gnaw young green shoots of grapes. Then they lay eggs under the leaves, from which after a while larvae emerge and gnaw small holes in the leaves.
Methods for combating grape flea beetles
The first treatment is done with a conventional insecticide on young shoots of grapes. This is done in order to prevent the laying of eggs and to destroy the pests themselves. Another insecticide treatment should be carried out when holes appear on the leaves of the grapes.
Grape leaf miner
This pest appears during the period when leaves begin to actively grow on the grapes. At first it is a small butterfly with red-brown wings with a span of up to 4 mm. Some time after the moth emerges, it lays eggs under the leaves, from which a small caterpillar eventually emerges. These larvae make many tunnels deep into the leaf. Over time, they damage the leaf so much that it dies. Through the active death of leaves, you can lose a large part of the harvest, so this pest must be actively combated.
Methods for combating grape leaf miner
If damaged leaves appear at the end of May, you need to apply a systemic insecticide against caterpillars. To combat the pest, you need to do preventive procedures in the fall. To do this, you need to burn all the fallen leaves and dig up the ground around the grape bushes.
Grape cushion
This is a sedentary pest that feeds on grape juice. This pest settles on leaves and shoots and, with its piercing and knotting apparatus, sticks to the green areas of the plant and spends its entire life there. It is quite difficult to fight adult pests, since they secrete a protective substance that prevents poisons and birds from reaching this pest. Each female pest can lay more than 2,000 eggs in her lifetime. From these eggs young, mobile individuals emerge, which quickly spread to the free areas of the grape bush. Only at this moment can they be effectively dealt with, but it is at this time that they are hardly noticeable. This pest greatly reduces the productivity of grape bushes and its ability to resist disease.
Methods of combating grape cushion
If this pest has infested your vineyard, then in the spring, before the leaves bloom, you need to treat the bushes with a systemic insecticide. If you don’t have a lot of bushes, then you don’t need any insecticides; you can mechanically remove all pests. Just take some tough mittens and collect them all. If you do this periodically, you can do without chemicals.
Grape gold
Methods of combating grape borer
To combat these pests, you need to remove damaged shoots and treat the plant with an insecticide. If you carry out scheduled preventive treatments, the pest will not appear.
Woodworm
This pest is a large (wingspan up to 10 mm) dark gray butterfly with many dots and streaks on the front wings. At the beginning of summer, these butterflies lay eggs in cracks and in the bark of shoots and in the trunk of a bush. The caterpillars, which appear after a while, are red and have bad smell. All together they bite into the shoot and make a common tunnel, where they spend the winter. In the spring, they gnaw out large tunnels, and each caterpillar comes to the surface and becomes a butterfly. The passages they gnaw out can reach 70 cm in length. In this case, the shoot dies.
Methods for controlling woodworm
To combat this pest, the most important thing is timely identification of the pest; for this, you need to periodically inspect the grape shoots. If found round hole on the vine, you must cut the shoot down to healthy tissue and burn the infected part. If you need to preserve the vine, you can widen the round hole with a wire and inject insecticide into it with a syringe and then cover the hole with garden pitch or clay.
Grape spider mite
This pest is quite common and causes considerable harm to the plant if it is not dealt with in time. This pest is often called grape itch; its body is yellowish-green and its body size does not exceed 0.6 mm. These pests overwinter in fallen leaves or under bark. In spring, when the average daily temperature becomes more than 15 degrees. The females begin to lay eggs under the leaves. In less than a week, larvae appear and begin to actively feed on grape juices. Two weeks after the appearance of the young, the mites are ready to reproduce. These pests are very prolific, so there can be more than 12 generations of mites in one season. And given that one female lays up to 150 eggs, the bush is very quickly affected by this pest. In places where the leaves are punctured, light-colored spots appear, which dry out over time, and the leaf may die. In order to maintain high productivity of grape bushes, this pest must be effectively combated.
Methods of combating grape spider mites
If a grape bush is affected by these pests, you need to treat the leaves with acaricides at intervals of 7-12 days. These pests are easy to destroy, but to reduce the likelihood of their appearance in the fall, be sure to destroy all fallen leaves. It is advisable to collect it and burn it.
Grape felt mite
This pest feeds on the most top layer grape leaves. The size of these mites is insignificant and can be no more than 0.2 m. Typically, adult individuals overwinter under the bud scales. In the spring, they move from their hiding places to green leaves, namely to their lower part. Since the pests are small and feed only on the top layer of the lower part of the leaf, they do not cause significant harm to the plant. In this case, even severely damaged cells do not die.
Grape leaf mite
This pest is so small that it cannot be seen. Despite its size, it causes significant damage to the plant. Pests usually overwinter under the bud scales; during wintering they can cause significant damage to the buds. The leaves of the grapes on which these pests settle are deformed, wrinkled and torn into strips. These damages are similar to the damage the plant experiences when infected with viral diseases.
Methods for controlling ticks
Preventive control methods include removing old bark from grape bushes; before buds open, they must be treated with colloidal sulfur. If pests begin to appear on the leaves, it must be treated with any acaricides. Such treatments should be carried out 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-12 days.
Leafrollers
These pests cause greatest harm all green parts of the grapes and therefore they need to be destroyed in time. Leafworms include:
- grape budworm;
- cluster leaf roller;
- biennial leaf roller;
Grape leaf roller
This pest is a butterfly with a wingspan of up to 3 cm. The wings of the butterfly are dark brown with a copper sheen at the edges. The butterfly itself does not cause any harm to the grapes, and its offspring leaves only skeletal veins from the leaves. Some time after the appearance of the caterpillars, they begin to form cocoons in a special nest from grape leaves gathered into a ball. After three weeks, new butterflies will fly out, each of which can lay up to 400 eggs.
Cluster leaf roller
This pest is an olive-brown forearm butterfly. Its wingspan can reach 15 mm. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying eggs, is green in color and very mobile. At the same time, pests eat everything: leaves, flowers, ovaries, green berries, wrapping them in cobwebs. Damaged parts of the plant fester and can be affected by various diseases.
Biennial leaf roller
In spring, a butterfly with light yellow wings flies out and lays eggs under the leaves. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying, is first light green, then red with a black head. She eats everything, from buds to green berries. When damaged, the berries fester and infect neighboring ones. At the same time, grape yields can decrease by up to 90%.
Methods to combat leafworms
The best remedy for this pest is prevention. To do this, it is necessary to clear the vineyard of organic residues and burn them. If in the spring butterflies fly around your vineyard, similar to known pests, then you need to treat the plants with any insecticide known to you. If a caterpillar appears, it is necessary to use biological pest control agents.
Phylloxera
This pest is considered the most dangerous for grapes; it is also called grape aphids. Usually this pest is carried along with planting material. Also, a grape bush can become infected by the wind or through the water with which you water your plants.
During their lives, these pests can change their appearance repeatedly. They periodically move from the underground to the above-ground parts of the bush. Usually the bush dies due to infection of punctures made by pests on the roots of the plant.
Methods to combat phylloxera
Since these pests are very dangerous for grape bushes, you need to use effective methods fight them. The most common methods of control are:
- 1 Mandatory disinfection of all seedlings in a solution of any insecticides.
- Deep planting of grape seedlings.
- Removing surface roots (dewy roots) and replacing topsoil with sand, selecting only the hardiest rootstocks.
- Minor flooding of the vineyard with water for 2-3 weeks.
- Conventional insecticides are used against the leaf form of phylloxera. In this case, the bushes are treated 4-5 times from the beginning of bud break.
From the above it is clear that there are many pests that cause significant damage to the vineyard. Some of them are very dangerous, some are less dangerous. Despite the degree of danger that the pest causes to the plant, it must still be dealt with so that the plant does not weaken and become infected with some kind of fungal or bacterial disease.
White, pink. People use black grape varieties for different purposes. On summer cottages Grapes are mainly grown for consumption in fresh, making juices and aromatic homemade wine. To obtain good harvest, you need to study not only the rules of planting and care, but also find out weak spots plants, their enemies and diseases. We offer site visitors a series of articles about pests and diseases of grapes to help them learn how to prevent diseases in a timely manner and provide assistance to their garden pets. Each article describes in detail several diseases and methods of effective control.
Non-communicable diseases
These are grape diseases caused by bad conditions growth, and not the vital activity of harmful living organisms.
Chlorosis
There is an infectious one (more on this below, in another section). With chlorosis, leaves lose green color due to a violation of the synthesis of chlorophyll - the green pigment. Other pigments in chromoplasts are preserved, so the leaves acquire a light yellow, creamy, whitish color. Caused by a lack of iron in the plant. At the same time, the plate itself turns yellow, the veins remain green for some time. To check the diagnosis, apply a strip, sign or symbol to the leaf with a solution of iron chelate (citric acid iron). After a few hours, the leaf turns green at the site of application.
The most common causes of non-infectious chlorosis are the following:
- Soil salinization.
- Excess moisture.
- Excessive content of copper, manganese, phosphorus, and lime in the soil compared to iron.
Under such conditions, the absorption of iron from the soil is disrupted, which leads to chlorosis. Grape chlorosis is treated 3-4 foliar feeding solutions of iron preparations, the cheapest is iron sulfate. It is convenient to combine fertilizing with the addition of other microelements, stimulants and medicinal drugs.
Drought
The viticulture zone does not always have the proper amount of moisture for plants. The lack of water is externally expressed as follows.
Shoots – growth and development slow down sharply, the crowns become dull, wither, and dry out.
Mustache – they become woody, dry out, starting from the ends, and fall off.
Leaves - They turn yellow en masse, starting from the edges of the lower leaves, and may thicken, curl, or fall off.
Berries - in early spring the ovary falls off. When there is drought in the pea phase, they wither and dry out, starting from the bottom of the bunch. Drought during the filling phase causes a characteristic lesion: darkening and browning of part of the berry, as if pressed with a fingernail. When the skin is removed, the inside is healthy. As a result, the berries dry out like raisins, but alas, they become inedible.
Winter drought is accompanied by cracking of the soil, with small roots being torn apart.
Control measures– watering and preserving moisture in the soil: mulching; shelter for the winter with soil; fine loosening in order to disrupt the capillaries of the top layer of soil, thereby complicating evaporation. into the root zone through specially dug tubes is preferable: more economical and effective.
Sunburn
During the hottest months, grape bunches may become overheated. sun rays. The berries look like they have been scalded by boiling water, but later they wrinkle and dry out. They are noticeably hot when touched. The leaves look like they have been under a heated iron: they dry out green and turn brown over time. Leaves with damaged petioles are the first to suffer: they have difficulty supplying water to reduce the temperature. All damage is only on the sunny side of the bush, while such a picture does not happen with infectious diseases. The bush tries to protect itself by intensively evaporating water to cool itself. Does not grow, does not accumulate nutrients.
Control measures. The main thing is the presence of a sufficient amount of water, therefore - watering, mulching, destroying the soil crust fur. processing. In hot weather, we throw all the freshly grown shoots with a “visor” on sunny side. You can cover the damaged bunches with everything that is available: newspapers, leaves, etc. We do not mow the rows, we will wait to restore beauty until the weather is cooler. When laying, choose a row spacing such that the rows sufficiently shade each other.
Infectious diseases of grapes
Mildew (downy mildew, pernosporosis)
Perhaps the most common disease. The pathogen overwinters in soil and plant debris, is resistant to any weather, persists for 2-5 years, and spores are carried by wind up to 100 km. In the spring, oospores germinate, with the help of flagella in tiny drops of moisture (dew, watering, rain) they reach the stomata and germinate into plants, where they penetrate living cells, destroying them. Treatment with contact fungicides after the fungus has germinated inside the plant is ineffective.
After penetration, thin threads of the fungus - hyphae - develop inside the plant, and spore-bearing organs move out at night. There are so many of them that to humans it looks like an easily erasable gray coating on the lower surface of the leaf. Top part the leaves acquire an oily tint, initially small, with a light center, the spots on the leaf increase, gradually merging.
Yellowish elongated spots appear on the shoots, gradually acquiring a brown color. Affected berries dry out in dry weather, and rot and mold in wet weather. With late infection of the berries, bluish-gray depressed spots appear near the stalk, and eventually the berries warp, rot, and fall off. Complete loss of harvest is possible.
Control measures– repeated treatment with fungicides.
The first is carried out before signs of the disease appear!
We use the rule of 3 tens: temperature 10 ˚С, shoot length 10 cm, precipitation 10 mm. The conditions are met - it's time to process. Subsequent treatments depend on the weather. In a year favorable for the disease, the number of treatments can reach 6-8...
Prevention. First of all, selection of resistant varieties. But you shouldn’t get your hopes up too much, this doesn’t completely eliminate the problem: in bad years, the development of the disease on resistant and non-resistant varieties differs in the speed of spread, and a little more in the severity and percentage of the crop destroyed. So, most likely, you will still have to process it.
Oidium, or powdery mildew of grapes.
As the grapes begin to grow, stunted shoots and leaves appear. Such leaves curl. Leaves, berries, and clusters look as if they are sprinkled with flour, hence the name of the disease. This coating is the thinnest threads of a fungus. It is attached to the plant by special suckers called appressoria. Of these, haustoria are injected into the berries, through which the fungus feeds. The growth of berries with the simultaneous destruction of the walls leads to ruptures, exposing the seeds. Constrictions appear at the edges of the hyphae; these pieces are easily torn off and carried by the wind. Once on other vines, they germinate and infect new bushes.
In case of partial damage, when part of the grapes are used for wine, sorting is necessary with the selection of damaged berries. Otherwise, the wine will have a moldy taste, which is completely unappreciated by connoisseurs...
Measures to combat grape oidium. Proper, well-ventilated formation of grapes and destruction of vegetation between rows helps prevent or reduce the disease. Fungicides and copper preparations that help against mildew are not suitable for treatment powdery mildew grapes Sulfur preparations have an excellent effect. The smaller the sulfur particles, the better. Powdered sulfur for pollination must be stored properly so that it does not stick together into piles, always in a dry place. Processing temperature matters. The air must be heated to 20 ˚С, otherwise it will not work. At the same time, in extreme heat, burns are possible; in hot summers, we process the plantings in the morning or evening hours. It is good to use special pastes from colloidal sulfur when making tank mixtures against mildew and oidium. In this case, we save time and effort by reducing the number of treatments.
Anthracnose of grapes (bird's eye disease, hail disease).
The disease is activated after heavy rains with hail, hence one of the names. On the leaves it is manifested by the appearance of small dry brown spots surrounded by a darker border. Later, the middle of the spot dies off and becomes grey colour, often breaks. Leaves become full of holes. Depressed spots with a dark border appear on the shoots, the shoots dry out and break. Similar spots, gray-brown, depressed, with a dark border, appear on the berries. It looks a little like the image of a bird's eye, which explains another name for it.
Control measures. When grapes are infected with anthracnose, we treat them with copper preparations or systemic fungicides. It’s not for nothing that the disease is called hail disease; after heavy rain with hail, we immediately treat it. Without delay and regardless of the time since the previous one.
The grapes need our care, otherwise it is difficult to hope for a good harvest. It is clear that this only includes spraying with drugs. Correct fit, pruning, fertilizing, watering - everything matters. A strong, nutrient-rich plant is better able to resist any disease.
Fighting grape diseases - video
As you know, in addition to diseases, grapes are also affected by various pests. And with pests everything is much simpler than with fungal diseases. They are easier to detect and quickly destroyed with effective insecticides or acaricides. But, despite this, there are several types of pests that are especially dangerous for grapes. The most dangerous pests that often attack grapes are: phylloxera (namely grape root aphids), mites and leaf rollers. And in general, any other pest has no place in the vineyard, since it reduces the likelihood of getting a good harvest.
The most common grape pests
There are many pests that attack grapes and are common in our area, these include:
- grape flea beetles;
- grape leaf miner;
- grape cushion;
- grape borer;
- wood borer;
- grape mites;
- leaf rollers;
- phylloxera.
Grape flea beetle
This pest can attack other crops and also spread from them to grapes, so there is always a high probability of infection. Another name for this pest is the leaf beetle. Outwardly, it looks like a small cockroach and has an oval body shape, up to 4 mm long. In early spring, these bugs jump and gnaw young green shoots of grapes. Then they lay eggs under the leaves, from which after a while larvae emerge and gnaw small holes in the leaves.
Methods for combating grape flea beetles
The first treatment is done with a conventional insecticide on young shoots of grapes. This is done in order to prevent the laying of eggs and to destroy the pests themselves. Another insecticide treatment should be carried out when holes appear on the leaves of the grapes.
Grape leaf miner
This pest appears during the period when leaves begin to actively grow on the grapes. At first it is a small butterfly with red-brown wings with a span of up to 4 mm. Some time after the moth emerges, it lays eggs under the leaves, from which a small caterpillar eventually emerges. These larvae make many tunnels deep into the leaf. Over time, they damage the leaf so much that it dies. Through the active death of leaves, you can lose a large part of the harvest, so this pest must be actively combated.
Methods for combating grape leaf miner
If damaged leaves appear at the end of May, you need to apply a systemic insecticide against caterpillars. To combat the pest, you need to do preventive procedures in the fall. To do this, you need to burn all the fallen leaves and dig up the ground around the grape bushes.
Grape cushion
This is a sedentary pest that feeds on grape juice. This pest settles on leaves and shoots and, with its piercing and knotting apparatus, sticks to the green areas of the plant and spends its entire life there. It is quite difficult to fight adult pests, since they secrete a protective substance that prevents poisons and birds from reaching this pest. Each female pest can lay more than 2,000 eggs in her lifetime. From these eggs young, mobile individuals emerge, which quickly spread to the free areas of the grape bush. Only at this moment can they be effectively dealt with, but it is at this time that they are hardly noticeable. This pest greatly reduces the productivity of grape bushes and its ability to resist disease.
Methods of combating grape cushion
If this pest has infested your vineyard, then in the spring, before the leaves bloom, you need to treat the bushes with a systemic insecticide. If you don’t have a lot of bushes, then you don’t need any insecticides; you can mechanically remove all pests. Just take some tough mittens and collect them all. If you do this periodically, you can do without chemicals.
Grape gold
Methods of combating grape borer
To combat these pests, you need to remove damaged shoots and treat the plant with an insecticide. If you carry out scheduled preventive treatments, the pest will not appear.
Woodworm
This pest is a large (wingspan up to 10 mm) dark gray butterfly with many dots and streaks on the front wings. At the beginning of summer, these butterflies lay eggs in cracks and in the bark of shoots and in the trunk of a bush. The caterpillars, which appear after a while, are red in color and have an unpleasant odor. All together they bite into the shoot and make a common tunnel, where they spend the winter. In the spring, they gnaw out large tunnels, and each caterpillar comes to the surface and becomes a butterfly. The passages they gnaw out can reach 70 cm in length. In this case, the shoot dies.
Methods for controlling woodworm
To combat this pest, the most important thing is timely identification of the pest; for this, you need to periodically inspect the grape shoots. If a round hole is found on the vine, then you must cut the shoot down to healthy tissue and burn the infected part. If you need to preserve the vine, you can widen the round hole with a wire and inject insecticide into it with a syringe and then cover the hole with garden pitch or clay.
Grape spider mite
This pest is quite common and causes considerable harm to the plant if it is not dealt with in time. This pest is often called grape itch; its body is yellowish-green and its body size does not exceed 0.6 mm. These pests overwinter in fallen leaves or under bark. In spring, when the average daily temperature becomes more than 15 degrees. The females begin to lay eggs under the leaves. In less than a week, larvae appear and begin to actively feed on grape juices. Two weeks after the appearance of the young, the mites are ready to reproduce. These pests are very prolific, so there can be more than 12 generations of mites in one season. And given that one female lays up to 150 eggs, the bush is very quickly affected by this pest. In places where the leaves are punctured, light-colored spots appear, which dry out over time, and the leaf may die. In order to maintain high productivity of grape bushes, this pest must be effectively combated.
Methods of combating grape spider mites
If a grape bush is affected by these pests, you need to treat the leaves with acaricides at intervals of 7-12 days. These pests are easy to destroy, but to reduce the likelihood of their appearance in the fall, be sure to destroy all fallen leaves. It is advisable to collect it and burn it.
Grape felt mite
This pest feeds on the topmost layer of grape leaves. The size of these mites is insignificant and can be no more than 0.2 m. Typically, adult individuals overwinter under the bud scales. In the spring, they move from their hiding places to green leaves, namely to their lower part. Since the pests are small and feed only on the top layer of the lower part of the leaf, they do not cause significant harm to the plant. In this case, even severely damaged cells do not die.
Grape leaf mite
This pest is so small that it cannot be seen. Despite its size, it causes significant damage to the plant. Pests usually overwinter under the bud scales; during wintering they can cause significant damage to the buds. The leaves of the grapes on which these pests settle are deformed, wrinkled and torn into strips. These damages are similar to the damage the plant experiences when infected with viral diseases.
Methods for controlling ticks
Preventive control methods include removing old bark from grape bushes; before buds open, they must be treated with colloidal sulfur. If pests begin to appear on the leaves, it must be treated with any acaricides. Such treatments should be carried out 2-3 times, with an interval of 7-12 days.
Leafrollers
These pests cause the greatest damage to all green parts of the grapes and therefore need to be destroyed in time. Leafworms include:
- grape budworm;
- cluster leaf roller;
- biennial leaf roller;
Grape leaf roller
This pest is a butterfly with a wingspan of up to 3 cm. The wings of the butterfly are dark brown with a copper sheen at the edges. The butterfly itself does not cause any harm to the grapes, and its offspring leaves only skeletal veins from the leaves. Some time after the appearance of the caterpillars, they begin to form cocoons in a special nest from grape leaves gathered into a ball. After three weeks, new butterflies will fly out, each of which can lay up to 400 eggs.
Cluster leaf roller
This pest is an olive-brown forearm butterfly. Its wingspan can reach 15 mm. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying eggs, is green in color and very mobile. At the same time, pests eat everything: leaves, flowers, ovaries, green berries, wrapping them in cobwebs. Damaged parts of the plant fester and can be affected by various diseases.
Biennial leaf roller
In spring, a butterfly with light yellow wings flies out and lays eggs under the leaves. The caterpillar, which appears a week after laying, is first light green, then red with a black head. She eats everything, from buds to green berries. When damaged, the berries fester and infect neighboring ones. At the same time, grape yields can decrease by up to 90%.
Methods to combat leafworms
The best remedy for this pest is prevention. To do this, it is necessary to clear the vineyard of organic residues and burn them. If in the spring butterflies fly around your vineyard, similar to known pests, then you need to treat the plants with any insecticide known to you. If a caterpillar appears, it is necessary to use biological pest control agents.
Phylloxera
This pest is considered the most dangerous for grapes; it is also called grape aphids. Usually this pest is carried along with planting material. Also, a grape bush can become infected by the wind or through the water with which you water your plants.
During their life, these pests can change their appearance several times. They periodically move from the underground to the above-ground parts of the bush. Usually the bush dies due to infection of punctures made by pests on the roots of the plant.
Methods to combat phylloxera
Since these pests are very dangerous for grape bushes, it is necessary to use effective methods to combat them. The most common methods of control are:
- 1 Mandatory disinfection of all seedlings in a solution of any insecticides.
- Deep planting of grape seedlings.
- Removing surface roots (dewy roots) and replacing topsoil with sand, selecting only the hardiest rootstocks.
- Minor flooding of the vineyard with water for 2-3 weeks.
- Conventional insecticides are used against the leaf form of phylloxera. In this case, the bushes are treated 4-5 times from the beginning of bud break.
From the above it is clear that there are many pests that cause significant damage to the vineyard. Some of them are very dangerous, some are less dangerous. Despite the degree of danger that the pest causes to the plant, it must still be dealt with so that the plant does not weaken and become infected with some kind of fungal or bacterial disease.
Summer residents often notice that grape leaves are covered with holes. different sizes. This is especially worrying for those who eat grape leaves and make homemade preparations using them. However, in fact, concern should arise in any case, because this indicates that something bad is happening to the plant that is seriously affecting its full development. Such phenomena can cause significant harm by changing vital processes, which will delay the formation of fruits, and may even completely damage the grape bush and have to be removed.
Pest infestation
Of course, first of all, you need to regularly spray the vineyards with preparations to prevent such a situation. If insects appear immediately, you should try to destroy them immediately. Treatment is mainly carried out with ready-made preparations sold in gardening stores and solutions that can be prepared based on what you have at home. It's about about organic substances. So, you can use karbofos, use “Fufanon”, “BI-58”, “Iskra”, “Omite”, “Confidor”, “preparation 30”, “Apollo”, “Nitrafen”, “Akkaritsid”, “Neoron”, "Aktellik".
As improvised means, they use spraying with boiling water, watering the vines with a solution made from wood ash, potassium permanganate, vitriol and even a garlic mixture. However, all this is effective in the case of the initial stages of infection; a large number of individuals can only be destroyed with chemicals!
Grapes are a rather capricious country crop that is subject to attacks large quantity pests if all rules of agricultural technology are not observed. Experienced and novice agronomists should know their “enemies” by sight. Grape pests and methods of combating them - important aspect agricultural technology.
The most common and dangerous pests
Today, more than 800 species of insects have been registered around the world that are not averse to eating grapes. Their vital activity has a detrimental effect not only on the fruits, but also on root system, leaves and inflorescences, annual and perennial shoots.
Important. If the winegrower does not develop for himself competent system plant protection, therapeutic and preventive treatment against pests and diseases, there is a possibility of completely losing the vineyard.
What to do when holes appear on grape leaves? Many novice agronomists literally panic and waste precious time. Meanwhile, competent actions will help to quickly localize and eliminate the problem. First of all, you need to identify the pest.
Phylloxera grapes
Pests on grapes and their control, preventive measures
Having identified the pests, you can safely begin to destroy them.
Grape mite
Every winegrower should know that such troubles are always easier to prevent than to “treat.”
Prevention measures
Why do grape leaves have holes in them? Why do they wrinkle, turn yellow, etc.? These questions worry many agronomists, especially beginners. Diseases or pests can appear in any case, but the task of the winegrower is to reduce this probability; for this it will be necessary to protect the crops, following all the rules of agricultural technology.
Important: Before irrigating grape bushes, you must first tie the vine to a support, carry out sanitary pruning and remove all damaged/affected leaves.
To prevent the spread of insects, all organic waste must be burned. It is also equally important to break up all large blocks of earth around the plant, level the soil surface and correct the depressions in the trellis rows.
- Spring preventative treatment grapes should be carried out until the buds swell. As a rule, they bloom in late April - early May. This will depend on the region of growth and annual climatic conditions. The first irrigation should take place when the air temperature warms up to +4-6 degrees. A solution is used for treatment copper sulfate(concentration active substance 3%). At intervals of several weeks, when leaves form, the bush is irrigated with a fungicide.
- Irrigation in summer carried out when the berries reach the size of a pea. To prevent insects, you can use acaricide preparations, as well as solutions of manganese or colloidal sulfur (the concentration of the active substance is no more than 7 g per 10 liters of water).
- Treatment in autumn before sheltering for the winter. In dry weather, after sanitary pruning of the bush, preventive irrigation should be carried out. To do this, use a 3% solution of copper or iron sulfate. Advantage autumn processing is that the plant will suffer less from rodent attacks.
Note: Rodents are also capable of causing great damage to vineyards, so before sheltering for the winter, it is recommended to place poisoned baits (sold in specialized stores) near the bushes.
The list of pests that can cause damage to crops is long. But they are dangerous only to those who are careless about their plantings. If all preventive measures and proper treatment are followed, the winegrower has practically nothing to fear. He can easily ensure the longevity of the vineyard.