A short dictionary of antonyms. Antonyms

> Antonym dictionaries

Vvedenskaya L.A. Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language. - M.: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2004. - 445, p.

The dictionary contains more than 500 antonymic nests. The dictionary entry includes an antonymic pair, an interpretation of each of its members and illustrative material. Synonymous pairs of antonyms form a nest.

The dictionary contains the following applications: 1. Antonymy between a word and a free phrase; 2. On the interaction of antonymy and synonymy; 3. Synonymous pairs of antonyms; 4. Synonymous relations between pairs of antonyms; 5. The concept of synonymous-antonymous paradigm; 6. Combination of antonyms in the Russian language; 7. Occasional antonyms; 8. Stylistic figures based on antonyms; 9. Antonyms as an artistic and visual means in journalism by L.N. Tolstoy; 10. Dictionary of antonyms A.P. Chekhov.

Sample dictionary entries

NATURAL 1 - ARTIFICIAL 2

And where life could not take root natural okay, little by little it arose there artificial in a forced manner, at the cost of large monetary costs and human effort. A.P. Chekhov.

NATURAL 2 - UNNATURAL

When a woman destroys like a man, they find it natural and everyone understands this, when she wants or tries to create like a man, then they find it unnatural and they don’t put up with it. A.P. Chekhov.

FEAR IS BRAVE

They all teach, warn, scare, and as if for courage their words are hidden fear. M. Gorky.

Lvov M.R. Dictionary of antonyms of the Russian language: Over 3000 antonyms / Ed. L.A. Novikova. - 8th ed., stereotype. - M: PRESS KNIGA, 2006. - 592 p.

The dictionary includes more than 3000 antonyms of the Russian language. Synonyms are given for antonyms (synonymous pairs of antonyms). Antonymous pairs are illustrated with quotes from fiction, scientific literature and journalism.

THE GREAT IS THE MINOR

Greatness is insignificance (cm.)

greatness is insignificance (cm.)

A great goal is an insignificant goal. O According to the strange structure of things, insignificant causes always gave birth to great events and, conversely, great enterprises ended with insignificant consequences. Gogol. Old-world landowners.- It has long been known that high places make insignificant people even more insignificant, and great people even greater. Stadnyuk. War.Ø In meaning noun Wed R. Evil is rooted in evil secrets, The pain of a bitten cry lurks. Everything about them is wrong: great is small. Everything, everything is wrong: the insignificant is great. You. Fedorov. Oh evil secrets...

GREAT - PATHETIC

Napoleon Bonaparte was despised by everyone as long as he was great, and since he became a pathetic comedian, Emperor Franz sought to offer him his daughter as an illegitimate wife. L. Tolstoy. War and Peace.

GREAT IS FUNNY

It's better to be funny than to pretend to be great. G. Gor. Geometric forest.Ø In meaning noun Wed R. From the great to the ridiculous - one step. Proverb. Yes, he was young, in his head the great and the funny coexisted side by side. M. Kolesnikov. Industrial ballad.

TO MAKE YOU HAPPY - TO MAKE YOU SAD

owlsto please - to sadden

I am just as little pleased with your winning as I am saddened by your loss. L. Tolstoy. Childhood. He was ashamed of those fifteen minutes that he dozed off without waiting for her, but he didn’t want to say that he hadn’t slept all night - that would probably have upset her more than it would have pleased her. K. Simonov. Days and nights. The passenger train made a short stop there. This both made Klimov happy and sad. Nagibin. Smoke break. Galya, my dear! Thank you for your letter, it made me very happy. I was a little upset that you reported about Borovsky. Yesenin. Letter from G. Benislavskaya, December 20. 1924.

Antonyms are words, belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

One part of speech is not the only condition under which words of opposite meaning can be called antonyms. There must be some common feature between these words. That is, both concepts must describe a feeling, or time, or space, or quality and quantity - and in this case they will be antonyms.

Examples of antonyms.

Let's look at this definition with examples.

Antonym for the word "Before".

The antonym for the word “before” is the word "now". Both words are adverbs - “when? before" and "when? now". Both of them are combined common feature- description of time. But while the word “formerly” describes a situation or event that took place sometime in the past, the word “now” refers to the present. Thus, the words are opposite in meaning and are antonyms.

Antonym for the word "Friendly".

The antonym for the word "friendly" is the word "unfriendly". Both concepts refer to the same part of speech - adverb. As the rule requires, they are united by a common feature - that is, they describe an emotional tone. But if the word “friendly” denotes joy and pleasure (for example, from someone’s presence), then “unfriendly” has the exact opposite meaning - someone whose appearance or speech is characterized by this word is clearly not happy about anything.

Antonym for the word "Tears".

The antonym for the word “tears” is the word “laughter.” Both concepts are nouns; they both describe an emotional action. But if in the first case the emotion is clearly negative character- tears of grief, tears of sadness, tears of pain - the word “laughter” means joy, happiness and fun. The words are opposite in meaning - and therefore are antonyms.

Other popular antonyms.

Below we provide a list of words and their antonyms.

The word “Synonym”, antonym – “Antonym”.
The word “Interesting”, the antonym is “Boring”.
The word “Wind”, the antonym is “Silence”.
The word “Find”, the antonym is “Lose”.
The word “Fresh”, the antonym is “Spoiled, stale.”
The word “Beautiful”, the antonym is “Disgusting, terrible.”
The word “Snow”, the antonym is “Rain”.
The word “Waited”, the antonym is “Sudden, unexpected”.
The word “Neatly”, the antonym is “Carelessly”.
The word “Sun”, the antonym is “Moon”.
The word “Day”, the antonym is “Night”.
The word “Fast”, the antonym is “slow”.

We hope you now know what an antonym is.

(from the Greek anti - against, ónyma - name) - these are words with the opposite meaning when used in pairs. Those words enter into antonymic relationships which are revealed with opposite sides correlated concepts associated with one circle of objects and phenomena. Words form antonymous pairs based on their lexical meaning. The same word, if it is polysemantic, can have several antonyms.

occur within all parts of speech, but the words of the antonymous pair must belong to the same part of speech.

The following do not enter into antonymic relationships:

– nouns with a specific meaning (house, book, school), proper names;

– numerals, most pronouns;

– words denoting gender (man and woman, son and daughter);

– words with different stylistic connotations;

- words with increasing or diminutive accents (hand - hands, house - house).

In their structure, antonyms are not homogeneous. Among them are:

– single-root antonyms: happiness - misfortune, open - close;

– antonyms with different roots: black - white, good - bad.

The phenomenon of antonymy is closely related to the polysemy of a word. Each meaning of a word can have its own antonyms. Yes, word fresh will have different antonymic pairs in different meanings: fresh wind - sultry wind, fresh bread - stale bread, fresh shirt - dirty shirt.

Antonymous relationships can also arise between different meanings the same word. For example, to review means “to get acquainted with something, check, quickly examining, looking through, reading” and “to skip, not to notice, to miss.” The combination of opposite meanings in one word is called enantiosemy.

Depending on the distinctive features that words with opposite meanings have, two types of antonyms can be distinguished general language(or simply linguistic) And contextual speech(copyright or individual).

General language antonyms are regularly reproduced in speech and enshrined in vocabulary(day - night, poor - rich).

Contextual speech antonyms- these are words that enter into antonymic relationships only in a certain context: Sing better with a goldfinch than with a nightingale.

The use of antonyms makes speech more vivid and expressive. Antonyms are used in colloquial and artistic speech, in many proverbs and sayings, in the titles of many literary works.

One of the stylistic figures is built on the sharp opposition of antonym words - antithesis(contrast) – characterization by comparing two opposing phenomena or signs: Long live the sun, may the darkness hide! (A.S. Pushkin). Writers often construct titles of works using this technique: “War and Peace” (L.N. Tolstoy), “Fathers and Sons” (I.S. Turgenev), “Fat and Thin” (A.P. Chekhov), etc. .

Another stylistic device that is based on a comparison of antonymic meanings is oxymoron, or oxymoron(Gr. oxymoron - lit. witty-stupid) - a figure of speech that combines logically incompatible concepts: a living corpse, dead souls, ringing silence.

Antonym dictionaries will help you find an antonym for a word.Antonym dictionaries– linguistic reference dictionaries, which provide descriptions of antonyms. For example, in dictionary L.A. Vvedenskaya An interpretation of more than 1000 antonymic pairs is given (their synonymous correspondences are also taken into account), and contexts of use are given. A in the dictionary N.P. Kolesnikova Antonyms and paronyms are recorded. The book contains approximately 3,000 paronyms and more than 1,300 pairs of antonyms. There are no illustrations of the use of antonyms in the dictionary.

In addition to general antonym dictionaries, there are also private dictionaries that record polar relations in some narrow areas of vocabulary. This includes, for example, dictionaries of antonyms-phraseological units, dictionaries of antonyms-dialecticisms, etc.

Let us once again pay attention to the most common examples of antonyms: good evil; good bad; friend - enemy; day Night; heat - cold; peace - war, quarrel; true False; success - failure; benefit - harm; rich - poor; difficult - easy; generous - stingy; thick – thin; hard – soft; brave - cowardly; White black; fast – slow; high Low; bitter - sweet; hot Cold; wet – dry; full - hungry; new - old; big small; laugh - cry; speak - remain silent; love - hate.

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(from the Greek anti - against, ónyma - name) - these are words with the opposite meaning when used in pairs. Those words enter into antonymic relationships which reveal from opposite sides correlated concepts associated with one circle of objects and phenomena. Words form antonymous pairs based on their lexical meaning. The same word, if it is polysemantic, can have several antonyms.

occur within all parts of speech, but the words of the antonymous pair must belong to the same part of speech.

The following do not enter into antonymic relationships:

– nouns with a specific meaning (house, book, school), proper names;

– numerals, most pronouns;

– words denoting gender (man and woman, son and daughter);

– words with different stylistic connotations;

- words with increasing or diminutive accents (hand - hands, house - house).

In their structure, antonyms are not homogeneous. Among them are:

– single-root antonyms: happiness - misfortune, open - close;

– antonyms with different roots: black - white, good - bad.

Antonymic relationships can also arise between different meanings of the same word. For example, to review means “to get acquainted with something, check, quickly examining, looking through, reading” and “to skip, not to notice, to miss.” The combination of opposite meanings in one word is called enantiosemy.

General language antonyms are regularly reproduced in speech and enshrined in the vocabulary (day - night, poor - rich).

Contextual speech antonyms- these are words that enter into antonymic relationships only in a certain context: Sing better with a goldfinch than with a nightingale.

The use of antonyms makes speech more vivid and expressive. Antonyms are used in colloquial and artistic speech, in many proverbs and sayings, in the titles of many literary works.

Still have questions? Can't find an antonym for a word?
To get help from a tutor -.
The first lesson is free!

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