Constructions of building facades. Facade works. Installation technology of external wall panels

In our perception of architecture main role plays a role in the appearance of the building. Planning convenience, thoughtfulness of engineering and reliability of design solutions are not immediately realized, but the beauty of the facade makes an impression at first sight. Facade structures are the building’s calling card, the focus of the architect’s creative thought; they reflect the basic aesthetic and compositional principles of the author. The history of construction knows many options for external walls and finishing of their front surface. Actually, at one time the wall structure and the facade were a single whole. No one hid the stonework of medieval fortresses and the logs of huts behind decorative cladding.

Variety of facades

But humanity strived for beauty, and brutal aesthetics gave way to more complex, multi-component structures. Just as clothes became more and more elegant, covered with embroidery and ruffles, houses were dressed up in stone carving lace, lined with luxurious marble, decorated with mosaics and painted. More and more new elements appeared on the facades: pilasters, platbands, cornices, belts, rustications, medallions. Architects created masterpieces from stone and plaster that still amaze with their harmony. Over time, materials, designs, and aesthetic views have changed. And most importantly, the attitude towards the facade has changed.

MAIN FUNCTION

Like any part of a building, the façade must meet the basic requirements formulated by Vitruvius back in the 1st century BC: “usefulness, strength, beauty.” The outer walls of a building are not only its face, but also its main protection. The comfort of staying in the house and its service life depend on them. To keep the house warm, the outer walls must either be very thick or consist of several layers: load-bearing, insulating and protecting. This was known in ancient times, but in late XIX century began to be used on a fundamentally different scale. The buildings grew, which required significant lightening of the external structures. Walls modern houses It is impossible to build according to the same principles as the walls of ancient fortresses. They should be light enough and at the same time durable and warm. With a frame structural scheme, the external walls can be either curtain walls or self-supporting, with minimum thickness main supporting layer. Thermal insulation function. The walls of modern houses cannot be built according to the same principles as the walls of ancient fortresses. They should be light enough and at the same time durable and warm. With a frame structural scheme, the external walls can be either curtain walls or self-supporting, with a minimum thickness of the main load-bearing layer.

Note

Main natural factors influencing safety of facades: strong temperature fluctuations can cause the formation of cracks, wind and precipitation can lead to complete destruction of the facade, humidity can lead to corrosion and rotting, ultraviolet solar radiation discolors the facade, the destruction process is accelerated under unfavorable environmental conditions.

The function of thermal insulation was successfully taken over by durable non-flammable insulation materials developed in the mid-twentieth century, and the outer layer of the wall itself, forming the facade, protects the load-bearing structures and insulation from direct impact environment, ensuring their durability and strength.

Today, a variety of façade structures are used in construction. They can be roughly divided into several groups: single-layer (stone, brick, wood, plaster), using external cladding (slab materials, facing bricks, all types of lining, etc.), multi-layer facade systems. In addition, a distinction is made between traditional facades and modern ones. The former consist of natural components and have a long history of use (for example, plaster - more than 4000 years). The history of modern ones goes back no more than 150 years. They use artificial materials or derivatives of natural ones. Their development is associated with technical progress in the construction and chemical fields, as well as with increased requirements for thermal insulation of buildings. Never before has energy had such an impact on architecture as it does today. The tasks of energy saving and reducing thermal pollution of the environment have become a determining factor in the evolution of facade systems in recent decades.

Facades are becoming high-tech heat-insulating systems that incorporate all the achievements of materials science, heat engineering and structural mechanics. For changing traditional ways finishing with paint and varnish compositions and decorative plasters, new ones have arrived that meet the increased requirements for operational properties coatings and capable of radically reducing the energy consumption of buildings by increasing the thermal insulation qualities. Multilayer facade thermal insulation systems, or ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems), provide up to 25% heat savings. IN Western Europe ETICS received impetus for development during the energy crisis of the early 1970s. The Russian ETICS market originated in 1996 with the advent of increased thermal engineering requirements for the design of external wall enclosing structures.

HEAT LOSS AND ENERGY SAVING

It is known that heat losses in residential buildings occur not only due to walls, but it is external fences that are traditionally considered their main cause. Even for low-rise buildings this value reaches 35% of the total losses. In multi-storey buildings it can reach 60–80%. The amount of heat loss is also affected by the materials used. Water significantly reduces thermal resistance, so enclosing structures must be reliably protected from precipitation. At the same time, they must ensure effective removal of excess moisture from the room. Home is not space station, it cannot be airtight. Moreover, the durability of the structure and the comfort of living in a building directly depend on how well its walls “breathe.” Designers are faced with a difficult task - to create a wall structure that, with significant strength, would ensure effective transfer of water vapor from the room to the outside and at the same time a barrier to external moisture, as well as high thermal resistance. Only coordinated work of the entire “pie” gives optimal results. The required thickness of each layer and their combinatorial nature are determined by thermal engineering calculations, which take into account factors such as the location of the house, its purpose and configuration, number of floors, and orientation to the cardinal points. This is how it is determined required design external walls, satisfying current standards(SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”). According to the requirements imposed from January 1, 2000 to wall structures, – SNiP II-3-79, given values thermal resistance heat transfer (Rtr°) in Russia are determined in the range of 2.1–5.6 square meters. m °C/W and make it economically impossible to use traditional wall materials. So, for Moscow Rtr° is 3.2 square meters. m °C/W, which corresponds to a thickness of 5.0 m of reinforced concrete or 2.0 m of brickwork.

The estimated operating costs for heat supply come to the fore, which are so high that they dictate the strict need for the use of modern heat-saving technologies in new construction and reconstruction. The Law on Technical Regulation allows builders to erect facades of any type, except those that are clearly fire hazardous. However, the reality is that any panel or brick house, not equipped with heat-insulating facade systems, today is already forced to have its own power plant and boiler room, and soon the rent in it will be equal to the prices in five-star hotels. In conditions of acute and ever-increasing energy supply shortages, there is no alternative to heat-saving facade structures.

OBJECTIVE REALITY: CHOICE SMALL

Among existing options In order to increase the thermal resistance of external enclosing structures, the most effective and, accordingly, promising systems can be considered systems with external insulation of walls and subsequent protection of the insulation either with layers of plaster (the so-called “wet” method) or structural hanging elements forming a protective and decorative screen, separated from the insulation air gap (ventilated facades). Each of the systems has a number of advantages and disadvantages, and only their objective analysis, taking into account the historically established architectural appearance of the city, allows the designer to make a choice. The best option façade is determined by the requirements specific situation: the task set by the architect; restrictions on construction in this place; the result that the customer wants to receive and the means at his disposal. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems, as often happens, allow us to find the optimal solution.

PLASTERING SYSTEMS

Execution of both external and internal plastering works has always been considered particularly labor-intensive and requiring high qualifications. Most architectural monuments that have survived to this day used the technique of plastering on the facade, and hundreds of years later we can admire these masterpieces. They are a multi-layer “coat” of insulation attached to the wall, reinforcing mesh, primer plaster and putty. Final finishing such a facade is carried out paint and varnish materials, decorative plaster or others. Although there are significant innovations in the technology of modern plaster facade systems associated with the addition of additional layers of insulation, the composition of the operations and the nature of the work have not undergone significant changes. Precise adherence to the sequence and timing of execution, as well as a high level of skill of the plasterer, is still required. Even at the stage of installing thermal insulation, careful control is necessary, because It is at this moment that the walls are finally leveled and operations are performed to ensure the strength and durability of the structure as a whole.

TECHNOLOGY FOR PLASTERING SYSTEMS

In terms of complexity and labor costs, the process of installing a plaster facade is significantly superior to the technology for installing ventilated systems.

Basic operations:

1. Preparation of the base (self-supporting, load-bearing walls or fences), leveling, impregnation (priming) of the leveled wall with a special solution;
2. Installation of brackets for thermal insulation;
3. Installation of insulation on an adhesive solution (mineral wool boards);
4. Sealing seams between thermal insulation boards (foamed propylene shown);
5. Driving disc dowels into pre-drilled holes according to a special pattern;
6. Grouting the dowel heads with a special solution;
7. Additional strengthening of joints with façade parts using special reinforcement;
8. Application and grouting of reinforcing mesh;
9. Application of the main plaster layer;
10. Application of the top (decorative) plaster layer;
11. Painting in one (for tinted plaster) or two layers (for white).

All “wet” operations require significant drying time. Operation at temperatures below +5°C is not permitted. Despite the need to use more expensive insulation, the final cost of components and materials for this technology per unit of façade area is significantly lower than that of ventilated systems. In addition, it is not particularly difficult to make connections with façade elements. And most importantly: it is possible to perform complex decorative elements, which makes this technology indispensable when performing restoration work. However, the use of additional cladding in the form of tiles or bricks is limited by the requirements of vapor permeability and weight parameters.

Advantages of plaster facades systems: relatively low cost, effective insulation and sound insulation of the structure, the ability to level the walls in any plane, the possibility of combination with other systems, the installation of a monolithic insulation area, low weight.

The main disadvantages of plaster facade systems: long deadlines for completing work, dependence of work on weather conditions, problems with humidity conditions insulation - steam, penetrating from the building, does not have time to dry completely and accumulates in the insulation. As a result, cracks appear, peeling of the plaster layer, etc.

VENTILATED SYSTEMS

Systems with a ventilated air gap were quite widely used even before the introduction of expanded requirements for thermal protection - to normalize the moisture content of the enclosing structures of industrial buildings with “wet” conditions, to prevent overheating of structures from the sun, protection from slanting rain, etc. The very concept of “ventilated façade” originated in Germany (German: beluefteten fassaden). Since the mid-1950s, such systems have been widely used in residential and administrative construction. The main elements of facades with air gap are: a powerful thermal insulation layer, a metal substructure and a facing layer that determines the architectural appearance of the building. Due to the pressure difference across the height of the building, a constant vertical air flow occurs in the air gap, which allows you to effectively remove moisture from both load-bearing wall, and from insulation, which increases the effective thermal insulation of the building, reducing heat loss by approximately 8%, since the air temperature in the gap is 2-3 degrees higher than outside.

Temperature fluctuations in the wall mass are leveled out, which prevents the occurrence of deformations; the dew point moves into the outer thermal insulation layer, the inside of the wall does not become damp, and no additional vapor barrier is required. In general, the use of any vapor barrier is undesirable in ventilated facades, since it prevents the free removal of water vapor to the outside. It is generally accepted that they have practically no thermophysical problems and regulatory requirements for thermal protection are easy to perform. When calculating heat transfer resistance, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity is usually taken to be 0.9. Meanwhile, the design is saturated metal parts in combination with an effective heat-insulating material, and the heat transfer process is complicated by radiant and convective heat transfer in the gap, therefore the accepted value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity should be determined taking into account these factors on the basis of thermal calculations.

The characteristics of ventilated facades allow their use in regions with large temperature differences, in regions with high humidity, as well as in conditions where traditional facade materials have a fairly short service life. To provide fire safety into the system curtain facades Refractory or non-combustible materials and products are included. A steel, preferably galvanized, fastening system and panels are used. artificial stone, ceramics or asbestos cement sheets, special aluminum panels category NG. Mineral wool is used as insulation, which can withstand temperatures of 1200°C. This is especially important for high-rise buildings.

Advantages of ventilated facades systems:

effective insulation and sound insulation, possibility of year-round installation in the shortest possible time, increased service life of facades, ease of post-installation inspection, wide range of options for external panels.

Disadvantages of ventilated facades systems:

high cost, limited architectural solutions, the need to increase the thickness of the wall due to the air gap and brackets, limited possibility of insulating slopes (shaped openings), the occurrence of “cold bridges” due to metal fastening elements, difficulties in installing relatively heavy elements - stainless steel cladding, porcelain stoneware and natural stone.

MOST COMMON ON THE RUSSIAN MARKET WITH AIR GAP

U-KON, manufacturer - Alkon-Trade (Moscow), Yukon Engineering (Nizhny Novgorod) Volna, manufacturer - Volna plant (Krasnoyarsk) VF VIDNAL, manufacturer Mosmetallokonstruktsiya (Moscow) Interal ", "Technocom", manufacturer - EZ "Technocom STM" (Moscow) "Kaptekhnostroy", manufacturer - "Kaptekhnostroy" (Moscow) "ISM-facade", manufacturer - "InfoServiceMarketing" (St. Petersburg) (Krasnoyarsk) Minerit, manufacturer – OY MINERIT AB (Finland) “Marmorok”, manufacturer – RVM-2000 (Moscow) “Fasad-Master”, manufacturer – “Brevitor Construction” (Moscow) DIAT, manufacturer – DIAT-2000 (Moscow) “Granitogres”, manufacturer – "Granitogres" (Moscow) "Polyalpan", manufacturer "Polyalpan" (Moscow)

INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY OF VENTILATED SYSTEMS

Installation of a ventilated system is a screwdriver assembly process, with the exception of adjusting the cladding in place, in which, as when laying tiles, it is necessary to ensure the pairing of the geometric elements of the system with the configuration window openings and coupling on adjacent walls. Only on the façade, as a rule, there are no elements that make it possible to hide the cut-off areas. In addition, the need to trim the cladding leads to a significant increase in construction costs. Assembly can be carried out from cradles, no surface preparation is required, and the results of the work are relatively easy to control.

With appropriate supervision and properly selected technical solutions(calculation of anchoring and doweling) the result depends mainly on the quality of the components and the system as a whole. The heat-insulating layer does not require gluing with pre-treatment of the base, because it is practically not exposed to static and wind loads. Thermal insulation does not need to be additionally coated or reinforced; less durable and cheaper types of materials can be used for it than in plaster systems.

The main stages of assembling a ventilated systems:

1. installation of brackets and inserts;
2. substructure assembly;
3. installation of thermal insulation;
4. alignment of the subsystem by adjusting the inserts;
5. installation of cladding.

Since heat exchange processes are provided inside the external cladding, the designer’s options in choosing cladding materials are limited only by fire safety considerations. Today in ventilated systems the following are used: panels made of aluminum, porcelain stoneware, copper, of stainless steel, glass, fiberglass; asbestos-cement slabs with painting or finishing, incl. plastering Modern systems allow cladding with natural stone. In this case, to compensate for the significant weight of the slabs, it is necessary to provide reinforcement for the substructure and carefully calculate the amount of fasteners per 1 square meter. m. The domestic construction industry has mastered the production of almost the entire line of elements for ventilated systems. The exception is fasteners - self-tapping screws, rivets, clamps, anchors and dowels. To ensure normal quality, it is necessary to use fasteners from leading global manufacturers.

STATE OF THE MARKET FOR FACADE SYSTEMS

According to a review of the market for thermal insulation materials and systems in the regions of Russia, carried out by CJSC Construction Information Agency (St. Petersburg), more than 70 façade insulation systems are presented on the markets of Russian regions, and this number is divided approximately in half between plaster systems and hanging systems with an air gap . Based on data from system holder companies and their regional representatives, expert assessments and open data, estimates of the capacity of the Russian market for insulation systems were formulated. Last year, 4.3–4.5 million square meters were insulated across the country using plaster systems. m of building facades. The growth rate can be estimated as 35–40% in physical terms. 5.4–5.8 million sq. m was insulated with hanging systems with an air gap. Market mounted systems also grew quite quickly - in 2005 it increased by about 30–40%. We can expect a continuation in the next 2 years rapid growth the markets in question. Against the background of the gradual growth of housing and other construction, with increased requirements for the heat-saving capacity of buildings, taking into account the fact that insulation systems have become fashionable among designers and builders, it is hardly worth predicting growth of less than 20–25% per year for both types of systems . According to analysts, the growth rate will be even higher – 30–35%.

The facade of the building is its calling card. It should be:

• durable;
• sustainable;
• durable;
• withstands the effects of precipitation, without damage to appearance;
• frost-resistant;
• fire resistant.

In addition, the facade must have good heat and sound insulation properties and high vapor permeability. The last requirement must be observed to prevent condensation from accumulating on its surface, which could cause high humidity in interior spaces and the appearance of fungus and mold.

Types of facades

According to finishing technology, the construction of building facades can be “dry” or “wet”. In the first case, installation is carried out using mechanical fasteners (nails, dowels, screws, etc.). As for the work on arranging “wet” facades, they are carried out by finishing with plaster, clinker slabs fixed with glue, and other methods that require the use of various mixtures.

In addition, today you can order a ventilated facade. This technology involves the creation ventilation gap between the wall and the finishing material. The air, which will circulate freely in the gap, will remove moisture resulting from condensation of steam penetrating from the inside to the outside. At the same time, the material itself will reliably protect the ceilings of buildings from direct exposure to atmospheric phenomena.

Work on the installation of the facade from the construction company "Friez"

We offer services for the arrangement of facades of any type and their finishing. various materials. We employ construction and engineering professionals high level who will carry out all the work quickly and in strict compliance with all technological requirements.

Some people wonder what is the facade of a building? What is its definition? This is the front side of the building, located outside.

The concept of “façade” has another meaning: it is a drawing orthogonal projection building. The projection is carried out onto a vertical plane.

Front side meets different types, which largely depends on its shape, proportions, and architecture. According to Wikipedia, the following varieties are distinguished:

• main;
• side;
• rear;
• street;
• yard

Varieties

The front side of the building is called the facade; it is where guests are greeted. But it should be borne in mind that other sides of the building are also facades. However, they are not front, but side, back, and so on. All of them are divided by design features:

1. Stone, brick.
2. Concrete, monolithic.
3. Translucent.
4. Hinged ventilated structures. They differ in cladding. The cladding can be made of: porcelain stoneware, aluminum panels, fiber cement, metal cassettes, siding, blockhouse, decorative boards, stainless steel.
5. Media façade. This is the most modern variety front side of the building. In this case, screens are installed. Together, these screens form a video image. As a result, the front side of the building looks like one large screen. It looks very fashionable and modern.

To beautifully decorate the main side, some professionals advise using stucco and tiles. You can use ordinary plaster or paint.

Front façade: materials for decoration

In order to issue main view buildings, the following materials are used:

• stone;
• siding;
• panel;
• plaster;
• brick for cladding.

What is most commonly used

Stones are often used to finish the front side. You can use both natural and artificial stones. The most popular natural stones are:

• marble;
• limestone;
• granite;
• gabbro

Artificial stones are very popular. Is in particular demand architectural concrete. It is also called “white stone”. From “white stone” you can create decorative elements for windows and doors, as well as hanging panels.

Such a design can be quite long (several square meters). Moreover, the thickness of the “white stone” is small and is about 10 cm.

What is siding?

Siding is a material for cladding a building. The material is presented in the form of horizontally arranged panels. They are fastened together directly on the wall of the building. Siding is a very versatile and attractive cladding element:

1. With the help of siding you can achieve variety in creating shapes.
2. It is very easy to operate.
3. It can be made from a wide variety of materials.

Types of siding

1. Made from vinyl. Siding made from this material is quite strong, durable, and practical. The building becomes attractive due to the brilliant properties of the material.
2. Made from polystyrene foam. The heat transfer of the building decreases. It has great value for buildings located in harsh climatic zone. The advantages of foam siding are also an increase in the vapor permeability of the building, moisture does not accumulate on the walls.
3. Made of metal. It is the metal finishing that will add durability to the building and resistance to adverse environmental factors.
4. Of steel.
5. Made of wood. The main façade with such finishing looks aesthetically pleasing and provides excellent thermal protection for the building.
6. Made from cement.

Thanks to all these advantages, siding is gradually replacing many of the listed materials (in particular, plaster).

Plaster, as a material for cladding the outer part of a building, is also used very often and tries not to lose its position. The following types of plaster have been developed: mineral, polymer, mosaic, structural, pebble.

The main side should look attractive, since it is the “face” of the building.

Main facade: types of structures

What is included in the definition of façade can be understood and found out by studying the information.

All types of main types of buildings and structures are subject to two basic requirements:

1. Protection of the structure from external factors.
2. Aesthetic effect.

He can be:

• dry;
• wet.

The “dry” type of facade systems is manufactured without the use of adhesive bases and special mortars. Thus, any part is attached using nails, screws and other elements. An example of dry facades is siding.

“Wet” facades are mounted using construction mixture. Examples are: plaster, finishing with clinker tiles (to fix it you need adhesive base) and others.

What is needed for this type

Available to a wide range of buyers. It consists of the following layers:

1. Insulation (this is the inner layer).
2. Fiberglass mesh. With its help, installers strengthen walls.
3. Decorative plaster. It comes in any shape and color.

Not needed for production complex circuits and all kinds of aluminum fasteners, tiles and ceramic bricks, and the insulation can be simply reinforced using mesh and bolts. But there is also a small nuance - install at temperatures below +5 °C similar system it is forbidden.

A huge advantage is that installation can be carried out regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. A “wet” facade gives the building integrity, but it directly depends on weather conditions and climate.

Additional classification

Today the division of this building material for the following types:

The technology of ventilated systems is based on the formation of a gap for ventilation, which is located between the wall and the facade material.

Air begins to circulate freely in the gap, thanks to which moisture and dampness evaporate. And the material itself qualitatively protects the floors of premises from all kinds of atmospheric influences.

What does the ventilation façade consist of?

This type should consist of three layers:

1. Mineral insulation (it is located on the inside.
2. Air gap (this is the middle layer).
3. Facing part (outer layer). Most often, the outside is covered with ceramic tiles. It looks neat and has a lot of colors.

Ventilated facades and other systems containing aluminum are not cheap. The main point in this case is the price-quality ratio.

An unventilated facade is used when the building does not have external insulation. If the facade needs to be installed on wooden building, then it is better to use a ventilated system, since wooden walls themselves highlight a large number of moisture. If you do not get rid of moisture accumulation, then wooden house it will simply start to rot.

Facade works include a wide range of measures to preserve the appearance of the house and improve its aesthetic and operational characteristics. It could be:

• decoration;
• recovery;
• repair;
• plaster;
• restoration;
• equipment for ventilated facades;
• hydrophobization;
• glazing;
• sandblasting;
• sealing interpanel seams.

House cladding is execution of façade works, which will transform the building and create a unique design for it. Facing can be done using:

• decorative plaster. The work is carried out using modern quality materials CERESIT, SILK STONE, KNAUF, SILK PLASTER, VGT, etc. First, the walls are cleaned, then cracks and cracks are sealed, a reinforcing mesh is installed and a layer of plaster is applied. Such work can be combined with insulation of the building. They are carried out using the technology “ wet facade", first installation of insulation, and then plastering work;
• natural stone - limestone, sandstone, slate, etc. The material is not cheap, but durable, environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing. A primer is applied to the prepared wall, the slabs are mounted and the seams are rubbed;
• clinker tiles. The advantage is the naturalness of the material (tiles are made from clay), plasticity, thanks to which it is possible to produce products of various textures. The assortment includes clinker tiles of various colors. The material is inexpensive, strong and durable;
• porcelain stoneware. It is carried out simultaneously with the insulation of the building. The work is facilitated by the absence of the need to level the walls and the light weight of the slabs. First, a subsystem is equipped, insulation, a windproof membrane and porcelain stoneware slabs are mounted on it;
• siding. This artificial panels, inexpensive but durable. They have many textures and colors.Carrying out facade worksiding is often combined with wall insulation. The advantage of siding is durability and ease of maintenance;
• aluminum composite panels. Modern innovative material made of aluminum plates on a composite basis. Reliable, durable, yes big choice colors Used in ventilated facade systems, installation work is usually combined with wall insulation.

Wall repair carried out for protection load-bearing structures buildings from moisture that can penetrate through cracks formed under the influence of temporary or weather factors.Repair and facade workinclude cleaning the surface from contamination, sealing cracks and sealing seams, applying a layer of primer, putty, painting, plaster.

Facade work servicesfor building decoration- this is decorating the exterior using traditional and modern materials: gypsum, cement, marble, stone, polyurethane and polystyrene foam. Decor from artificial materials By operational characteristics is not inferior to, or even superior to, natural products. The important thing is that these materials are lightweight and do not create additional loads on the structure of the house. To decorate the facades, moldings, cornices, decorative arches, sandriks, balustrades, columns and pilasters.

The facade can be decorated with natural or artificial stone trim and lighting elements. Decorating houses for the holidays is especially popular.

Façade restoration. If structures are destroyed by more than 30%,façade works of the buildingcan completely restore it specifications and attractive appearance.

Wall insulation is an effective energy-saving technology that allows you to save up to 25% of energy costs. Insulation can be carried out using the wet or ventilated facade technique. Insulation materials are used from mineral wool and polystyrene. To improve the heat-insulating and fire-resistant properties, materials are combined.

Prices for facade work in Moscow

The cost of facade work will largely depend on the price of the materials used. It is also influenced by the need to use special equipment and the labor of high-altitude professionals.High-rise facade workswill cost more.

Price list for facade wall repair work (in rubles per m2 without the cost of materials)
cleaning	from 35
crack repair	from 200
sealing seams (per linear meter)	from 80
padding	from 50
continuous putty	from 250
painting	from 50
plaster	from 350

There are a number of works, the prices for which will depend on many factors and are negotiated when concluding a contract - this is glazing (frame, cassette, frameless or spider system) or restoration work.