When to plant an onion on the head in an open place. Spring planting of onion sets: timing and rules for planting bulbs. Mixed fit on the pen and head at the same time

With the onset of the new season, each gardener pre-plans which plantings should be done first and which ones should be left for a later period. The same thing happens with onion sets. This crop is undemanding in care, but there are some rules and recommendations for planting it on the head, caring for it and growing it, which must be followed to obtain a good onion harvest.

Note! Planting sets and planting onions on a head (or turnip) are the same thing.

Regardless of the type of onion, there are General requirements, whose strict observance and implementation will help to avoid possible errors and guarantees good harvest further.

The soil in the area intended for planting onions must be nutritious and loose, which guarantees the passage of air to the roots of the plant.
It is better to choose an open area, well lit throughout the day, since the lack of light significantly slows down the growth of the crop.
Important for onions low humidity air, but the soil should be constantly moderately moist. This is especially true during the growing season and bulb growth. After which excess moisture is unacceptable, as this will negatively affect further storage.
Groundwater in the garden bed should not be located closer than 50 cm to the soil surface.
It is unacceptable to clog the bed with weeds, as they have a depressing effect on the onions. Crops should be weeded regularly.
It is necessary to plant onions in an area where crops such as cucumbers, potatoes, cabbage, tomatoes previously grew, that is, those plants whose agricultural technology requires the introduction large quantity organic fertilizers.
It is not recommended to grow onions after garlic and carrots.
The crop reacts negatively to planting in acidic soil, which leads to its damage peronosporosis, As a result, the plant weakens and is unable to withstand the effects of pests.

Note! Onion sets should be planted in their original place after 3 years, and optimally after 5 years.

Optimal timing of planting

Does not exist exact date and the time of spring planting of onion sets per head, since this depends on weather conditions current year and climate of each region. Also, many gardeners prefer to rely on the favorable phases of the moon, so as not to be disappointed in the result.

Landing according to the lunar calendar in 2019

A calendar, which includes the dates of the location of the Moon in one phase or another, is a kind of cheat sheet for the gardener, since scientists have long proven the relationship between the growth and development of plants depending on the movement of the celestial body.

According to the lunar calendar for 2019, favorable days for planting onion sets on the head are:

in March – 10-12, 15-17, 23-25, 27-30;
in April – 2-9, 11-15, 24-27, 29, 30;
in May - 1-4, 12-14, 21-23;
in June - 9-11, 18-20.

It is not always possible to plant seedlings during a favorable period, but there are days, according to the lunar calendar, when it is completely undesirable to do this:

in March - 6, 7, 21;
in April - 5, 19;
in May - 5, 19;
in June - 3, 4, 17.

According to the lunar calendar from the magazine “1000 tips for a summer resident.”

Based on this, any gardener has the opportunity to plan in advance the spring planting of onion sets and prepare the seed and plot for this.

Note! Favorable dates according to the Lunar calendar for planting onions on the feather (on greens) differ, but the sets are planted specifically on the head (turnip).

When purchasing seed onion sets, you need to pay attention to its variety and ripening time, since the manufacturer always indicates information about the time for planting the sets depending on the species.

Therefore, to the ripening period, it is enough to add 5-7 days for the seed to germinate and you will get an estimated planting date.

Ripening time different varieties set:

early - 3-3.5 months;
mid-season - 4-4.5 months;
late - 5 months.

Note! Planting seedlings in the spring should be carried out when the soil warms up to a temperature of +12 degrees to a depth of 10 cm.

Depending on the climatic conditions of the region

An important indicator is climatic conditions region. When planting onions on turnips, there is no need to rush, as return frosts can cause bolting.

First of all, it is necessary to plant sets less than 1 cm in diameter, and after 1-2 weeks larger bulbs.

In the southern regions countries, spring planting of sets is recommended to be carried out at the end of March - in the first ten days of April.

In conditions Volga region Seeds should be planted at the end of April or beginning of May, taking into account the weather conditions of the current year.

IN Middle zone (in the Moscow region) It is best to plant onions in May throughout the month.

On Ural and Siberia There is no need to rush, so it is better to sow at the end of May - the first half of June.

Early boarding Onion sets for turnips in the spring can lead to bolting of plants in the event of sudden changes in day and night temperatures. Therefore, it is recommended to start the procedure when the threat of late frosts disappears.

How to plant seedlings correctly in spring

But for successful cultivation Onion is not enough to calculate the correct timing. It is also necessary to take into account some rules and features of the procedure, and it is also recommended to carry out pre-sowing preparation of seedlings and beds for planting. Therefore, it is worth familiarizing yourself in advance with how to do this correctly.

Selection of planting material

On sale you can find onion sets sorted by bulb size, but which one is best to use for planting on the head and stem in the spring is worth figuring out, since the diameter of the bulb directly affects the final result.

Classification of sets by size:

8-14 mm is the smallest calibration, which should not be used for spring planting, since the development lag will be 3 weeks;
15-21 mm - medium calibration, ideal for spring planting onions on the head, resistant to shooting;
22-24 mm - large calibration, ideal for spring growing onion per feather, because it ripens early;
25-30 mm is a very large calibration that has appeared recently, its advantage is that it has low price compared to other sizes, but is only suitable for growing onions per feather.

There are other basic criteria that help to make right choice.

Bulbs on appearance should not have obvious signs of deformation or damage, as well as no suspicious spots. Consistency planting material it should really be tight with light pressure. The set should be dry to the touch, but light moistening is allowed upon purchase; in the future, it should be dried at home by sprinkling the bulbs in a thin layer on newspaper.

Note! You should not buy seeds outside in frosty weather, as there is a high probability that they will freeze, which will lead to the seed becoming unusable.

Pre-sowing preparation of bulbs

There are several ways to process onion sets before planting, allowing you to avoid many problems during the growing process. But the most mandatory procedure is warming up the planting material, which helps reduce the percentage of arrowheads appearing in the future.

Video: processing onion sets before planting

Preliminary preparation of beds and soil

Full harvest onions can be obtained if the soil on the site is loose and breathable. This culture prefers to grow on loam and sandy loam soil with an acidity level in the range of 6.5 - 7 pH.

It is recommended to start preparing the site with autumn. To do this, dig it up to the depth of a shovel, clean it from the roots perennial weeds and deposit rotted manure (humus) in a ratio of 5-8 kg per 1 meter of area, as well as. Later in the spring you will need to level the area with a rake.

If you don’t have time in the fall, prepare in the spring should be carried out 1.5 months before planting. During this period, in addition to humus, it is recommended to add complex mineral fertilizers in proportion to 1 sq. meter: ammonium nitrate or urea (20 g), potassium sulfate (20-30 g), (30-40 g), or simply nitroammophoska.

Rules and landing patterns

Before planting onion sets, it is necessary to mark the rows at a distance of 20-25 cm. The depth of the furrows should be within 5-8 cm. This depends on whether mineral fertilizers were applied when digging the area or not. In the case of the latter, they can be poured directly into the holes, sprinkling a 1-2 cm layer of soil on top.

The bulbs should be placed in rows at a distance of 10 cm, after which they should be sprinkled with a layer of earth 3-5 cm thick.

Video: subtleties of planting onion sets

Note! Planting sets too deeply leads to the fact that the plant begins to develop late and eventually forms elongated bulbs, while shallow planting will not allow the roots to receive nutrients from the soil.

How to properly care for sets after planting

Further care of onion plantings involves several basic procedures, on which the quality and quantity of the future harvest largely depends.

First of all, experts recommend regularly loosen the soil to destroy the surface crust that slows down plant growth. This is necessary so that the roots have constant access to air. Before emergence, the row spacing should be loosened, and then the plantings.

When the bulbs reach medium size, it is necessary to gradually rake away the soil from them, which helps to increase their size and rapid ripening.

Onions need constantly moist soil during the active growing season, so watering at this time it is necessary to carry out 1-2 times a week. In July, when the bulbs begin to ripen, excess moisture is no longer needed, so moistening is carried out once every 2 weeks in the absence of seasonal precipitation. Watering should be stopped completely 3 weeks before harvest.

Onion planting needs constant weeding, which will help avoid the development of fungal diseases. If grown in a contaminated bed, the bulbs will develop a thick, juicy neck, which will negatively affect their further storage.

To obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to carry out regular feeding, since this culture responds well to nutritious nutrition. First stage It is better to apply fertilizers 20-30 days after planting the seedlings. To do this, it is recommended to use organic matter: rotted mullein 1:10 or chicken droppings 1:15. Consumption nutrient solution should be within 10 liters per 1 sq. m.

Next stage It is recommended to fertilize onions on the head in spring 3 weeks after the previous time. To do this, you need to scatter ammonium nitrate And potassium sulfate in dry form, 15 g per meter of area immediately before watering.

In the future, feeding onions to the head should be carried out if necessary, as can be judged by external signs:

the plant forms a small bunch of greenery, and the feathers grow short - lack of nitrogen;
pale leaves with slow growth - lack of nitrogen;
gray tint of feathers with a corrugated edge - lack of potassium;
the bulbs begin to dry out prematurely - a lack of phosphorus.

In addition, it is necessary to carry out timely treatment against pests and diseases. In this case, for example, you can use universal remedy: 1 tsp. copper oxychloride or copper sulfate, 35 ml liquid soap dilute in 10 liters of water. Carry out the treatment by spraying the aboveground part of the onion every 15 days.

Video: feeding and protecting onions from onion flies

When to collect and how to store

The harvest period for onion sets planted on the head falls on the end of July - mid-August, and in some regions it shifts to September. This largely depends on weather conditions. A clear sign When the onion is ready, the leaves begin to lie down, followed by yellowing and drying. At the same time, the neck becomes thinner and softer, and the bulbs acquire a characteristic shade corresponding to the variety.

It is recommended to pull out the bulbs entirely with tops, and then put them in a warm, well-ventilated room to dry. Then the dried leaves must be cut off, leaving a tip 5-10 cm long, and the onion must be additionally dried in a heated room at a temperature of 25-30 degrees for 10-14 days. After this, it needs to be folded onto long-term storage into baskets and place in a warm, dry room.

Video: tips for harvesting and storing onions

It is not difficult to grow a good harvest of onion sets, but it is necessary to take into account all the preferences of the crop. In addition, by providing it with complete drying, you can preserve the vegetable until spring.

Video: how to plant onion sets

In contact with

Onions are a vegetable crop that is in great demand today not only in cooking, but also in medicine. And this is not surprising, since it contains great amount useful components and vitamins that have a positive effect on the human body, increasing its immunity. You can grow onions for heads on your own plot, if you know the main points of planting and caring for a vegetable crop.

How and when to plant

Soil preparation

You won’t be able to get a high harvest if you don’t prepare the land in advance. In the fall, the bed will need to be fertilized with manure. Moreover, it is boring for it to be rotten. Fertilizer should be applied together with digging the beds and removing weeds.

Already in the spring, before planting, you will have to loosen the soil with a rake or dig it up with a shovel. If you perform larger plowing, it will disrupt the structure of the lower layer of soil, and this will cause the loss of moisture accumulated for the development of planting material.

To get a high onion yield, you will need to use the following fertilizer options:

Apply organic matter in the fall. To do this, take 1 kg of ash and combine with 5 kg of compost. The resulting mixture is enough for 1 m2.
Complex mineral compounds . They must be applied in an amount of 1 kg per 10 m2.
In spring it is worth applying mineral fertilizers. Their proportion is similar to autumn.

To ensure that the mineral compounds used give the onion the maximum amount of nutrients and do not burn the roots, you should not apply them too deeply. But how to grow nigella onions for seeds, and how to do it correctly, is described in great detail in this

In the video - planting an onion on the head:

Preparation of planting material

For getting great harvest Before planting an onion, you need to perform a number of actions, including:

Sorting. Divide the existing seedlings into 3 groups. Place the bulbs that are approximately 1 cm in size first. They should be planted earlier. The second group will contain sets up to 3 cm in size, and the third will contain the largest onions.
Warming up. If this procedure is not followed, the bow will go into the arrow. This process can be divided into 2 stages. The duration of the first is 3 weeks. Temperature in the room where the sowing is located, it should be 20 degrees. Then you need to achieve a temperature of 35-40 degrees. Keep there for about 10 hours.
Soak. Take warm water and place the oud planting material for 10 minutes. After this, place the seedlings in a solution of complex fertilizer for 5 hours.
Disinfection. To do this, you need to prepare a solution of copper sulfate. Take 10 liters of water and 35 g of product. You can simply immerse the sevok in the solution, but you shouldn’t keep it there.

In the video - preparing onions for planting:

Landing

You can plant onions on heads both in autumn and spring. It is possible to get a high yield with mixed planting. Its essence is that part of the planting material should be planted in the fall, and part in the spring. The seedlings also need to be treated with a growth stimulant.

In early May, the soil has already been thoroughly warmed up, so you can proceed to planting. To do this, use the following instructions:

If selected autumn planting, then it’s worth choosing sets small size– up to 1 cm. It should be planted 2 weeks before the onset of frost. The earth will be an excellent protection against freezing. Such a bow will not shoot in the spring and will give excellent results when harvesting.

You may also find it useful to know whether you can plant onions and garlic together, or whether to do so

How to care

Regular watering is important for this crop. It should last from the beginning of planting until July. Moreover, after each irrigation the soil must be loosened. Approximately 10 liters of water will be needed per 1 m2. Watering is best done in the evening or during the day. It is enough to water the plant 2 times a week. If it is very hot outside, then increase the amount of moisture.

Fertilizer application

Before fertilizing onions, it is worth removing weak and sickly plants. At this time, the onion lacks nitrogen and phosphorus. For a normal growing season, it is necessary to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as soon as the plant has 5-6 leaves.

To do this, take 10 liters of water, add 20 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium. The resulting solution should be applied in dry weather. If on the street wet weather, then it is best to sprinkle dry fertilizer between the rows and embed them a little into the soil.

But you shouldn’t use fresh manure for fertilizer. The fact is that it slowly decomposes and initial stage During development, the plant will not receive the nitrogen it needs so much. But in the summer there will be quite a lot of nitrogen, as a result of which the onion will produce abundant and green feather, but food will be delivered to the bulbs in insufficient quantities. But how to care for onion sets Centurion will help you understand this

Secrets of a good harvest

To get abundant and quality harvest onion, you need to know some secrets:

Onions will not tolerate clay soil. If you have one on your site, then you should add sand, peat and mix everything. Also, do not plant onions on the ground with increased acidity. To reduce it, you will have to perform liming. Dolomite flour helps with this.
When planting bulbs, be sure to disinfect them in a solution of potassium permanganate.
It's also worth trimming top part sowing so that it begins to germinate faster.
Place a little salt in the trench, which will be an excellent preventative against onion flies.
It is worth planting carrots near the onions. It will also repel the onion fly, and the onion itself will repel the carrot fly.
Onions and carrots
It is necessary to fertilize 3 times during the growing season.. The first time this should be done is in the two-leaf phase. The second feeding is 14 days after the first, and the third is at the end of June. Excess nitrogen should not be allowed, as it will only cause feathers to grow. Potassium sulfate is an excellent potassium fertilizer, because onions are demanding of sulfur.
Applying fertilizer for onions
Do not use fresh manure and potassium chloride for feeding.. This reduces yield. But phosphorus should not be neglected, since the size of the bulbs depends on it.
For long-term storage of onions, it is necessary to harvest before the first August rains. It is best to do this at the end of July. If you are late with the deadlines, the onions will become saturated with moisture and you will not be able to store them for a long time.
After harvesting, the onions should be thoroughly dried. It is better to do this in the attic, where there is excellent ventilation. After removing the dried dirt, cut off the dried feather and leave 8-10 cm. But how to grow Yalta onions from seeds, and how to choose the right seeds, is outlined
Drying onions
While storing onions, you should periodically sort them out.. If at least one head deteriorates, the rot can spread to the rest of the crop.

It may also be useful for you to learn about how to plant Red Baron onions, and for this you should read this

You can get a high and high-quality harvest when growing onions if you approach this issue responsibly. It is important not only to plant correctly and carefully care for it, but also to create conditions for the full growth and development of vegetable crops.

But also on the head. On the one hand, it seems that there is no simpler process: stick a small head into the ground, and by autumn harvest a large harvest.

In fact, in order to get the expected result, you need to know some of the features of growing in this way.

How to choose a favorable time

First of all, you need to know in what month the onion is planted. The yield and fate of planting material depends on this.

Weather conditions of the region

These are the ones you need to focus on when planting vegetables, since there are simply no strict dates. They largely depend on the region, weather conditions and the chosen one. It is only important that the soil is sufficiently warmed up - from 12 °C or more. But the approximate dates can still be called the last ten days of April and the beginning of May.

Did you know? You can still sow, but then by the end of summer only small bulbs will ripen, which can only be planted on the head next spring. It turns out that full-fledged bulbs can be obtained from seeds in a year and a half.

According to the lunar calendar

A gardener can tell you when to plant onions in the spring. According to him ideal periods for onions:

May 10-20;
June 15-19;
July 13-16;
August 10-13;
April 25-26;
May, 23rd;
3 July;
July 31;
August 1;
August 27-28.

The plant planted these days produces large bulbs and juicy greens. Experienced gardeners focus on: when its leaves begin to unfurl in the spring, it’s time to plant onions.

Optimal growing conditions

Having figured out when to plant onions in the spring, you need to select appropriate place for vegetable crops.

Soil for planting

This plant requires fertile, loose soil with low acidity. The vegetable grows well on loam, which allows air and moisture to pass through well. When choosing a location, you need to pay attention to the predecessor plants.

It is best to plant a vegetable where tomatoes or tomatoes used to grow. The ideal predecessor is, which will loosen the roots and enrich it with the necessary substances.

Also consider what vegetable crops will grow nearby. Ideal neighbor - . She dares, whereas she will become a prevention against.

Important! Onions can be planted in their original place only after three years.

In the spring, the soil is fertilized again, after which deep cultivation is carried out. Then, a week before planting, they add it (a liter jar per square meter).

Right before planting, the bed must be well leveled so that water does not accumulate anywhere during watering.

Lighting

When sowing onions on a head, choose well-lit ones. In principle, everything is difficult to grow in the shade, since they love direct sunlight. Without them, if the onion grows, it will be very small.

Depth and planting pattern

Next important question- according to what scheme to plant the bulbs and to what depth to bury them.

Preparation of planting material

The first thing to do with the planting material is to sort it out, discarding dry and rotten bulbs, and calibrate the remaining ones. The time it takes to plant it depends on the size of the bulbs, so it is sorted as follows:

less than a centimeter in diameter is planted in a greenhouse or in mid-May in open ground;
from 1 to 2 cm in diameter can be planted about two weeks after the small ones (as a rule, this is the main part of planting);
large ones, with a diameter of 3 cm or more, are planted later than everyone else, so that they do not go to shoots early. You can plant them separately on greenery.

The selected material must be disinfected. To do this, make a weak solution and keep the planting material in it for about 15 minutes.

If no pests were observed while growing the seed, you need to soak it in a solution (a tablespoon per liter of water), but you need to keep it in this solution for about five minutes.

When in a cellar or other cold place, it must be taken out a couple of weeks before planting and kept in conditions room temperature. If you plant onions that are too cold, they will begin to rot in the soil.

Planting onions on a head in spring

Before planting, you need to mark the beds. A distance of 12 cm is maintained between them. The distance between the bulbs themselves depends on the size of the heads. Thus, a distance of 10-12 cm is maintained between large ones, 8-10 cm between medium-sized ones, and 6-8 cm between small ones.

Do not immerse the sets too deeply. When it takes root, the bulb will be pulled even deeper into the ground, so you will have to wait a long time for shoots, and the harvest will be small and weakened. It is enough to bury them a little into the ground and sprinkle a little on top. After planting, the vegetable is watered and straw or

Onions are no longer exotic summer cottage, rather, on the contrary, it’s strange when it’s not there. Despite its wide distribution and popularity, not all gardeners know how to grow it. This is a rather capricious crop and any deviation in agricultural technology leads to a deterioration in the quality of the crop. Excessively “evil” onions grow when there is a lack of moisture at the beginning of the growing season, a small head is formed when planting is thickened and at the wrong depth, non-compliance with crop rotation and violation of care rules leads to the development of diseases and affects keeping quality.

Often, summer residents receive a harvest, half of which does not survive until mid-winter, and the other half is only suitable for borscht due to its pronounced spiciness. What features need to be taken into account in order to plant onions correctly and avoid many problems?

Onions love illuminated areas and do not tolerate lowlands with heavy, waterlogged soils. Cabbage, cucumber and nightshade will be good predecessors for it. These crops do not have onions common pests and diseases, and since their cultivation is accompanied by the application of high doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, the soil remains quite nutritious.

Onions can also come after zucchini and peas, but it is undesirable for them to occupy areas that were previously under carrots, since fresh organic matter is not added to this crop, and onions require fertile soil. Also, the area after it is vacated late, you may not have time to prepare it for a new planting. You can plant carrots after onions; joint planting and close placement of the beds are good (they repel pests from each other).

The plant can be returned to its original place no earlier than after 3 years, and in case of high disease damage - only after 5 years. Planting onions on a head in the spring should be done in loose and moderately moist soil, so in the fall the area should be dug up with a shovel, and in the spring it should only be harrowed with a rake and leveled.

If necessary, compost or humus is added in the fall and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. To neutralize the soil solution on acidic soils, add chalk or lime. It is recommended to occupy areas where fresh manure was applied with onion plants only for the 2nd year.

In poorly heated areas with heavy clay soil In the fall, wide ridges are cut into which planting will take place.

When do you plant onions on the head?

The exact planting dates are determined by prevailing weather conditions and ground temperature. Onions are a cold-resistant crop, but when planted in cold soil they will bolt, which will reduce the quality of the harvest.

On the other hand, the procedure must be completed when there is still a supply of moisture in the soil, the needs of which are great for onions at the beginning of growth. And the relatively long growing season of this crop does not forgive delay.

Preparation of planting material

Planting material (seeds) stored warm way(18-20ºC with a humidity of 60-70%), does not require any procedures to activate growth processes. A week before planting, it is sorted out, discarding dried, sprouted and rotting bulbs, and sorted, dividing into 2-3 fractions.

It is recommended to sow the smallest fraction (diameter less than 1.5 cm) at an earlier date, as it does not produce shoots. Sewing from the middle fraction (diameter 1.5-2 cm) gives the best harvest, but provided that the planting is done in sufficiently warmed soil. Large onions (diameter more than 3 cm) can be used for growing onions for harvest or for obtaining turnips for canning, as they often shoot arrows, which affects keeping quality.

If the planting material was stored at low temperatures (in the attic, cellar, etc.), then 2 - 3 weeks before planting it must be transferred to a warm room and dried (the container with the seedlings can simply be placed near the radiator, but not very close ).

The calibrated seed is heated at a temperature of 40ºC for 8 hours to destroy internal infection (can be placed on the battery in cardboard box). Before planting, the bulbs are soaked in hot water for 12-24 hours. Instead of water, you can use a weakly concentrated solution of complex fertilizers.

Immediately before planting, the planting material is treated for 15 minutes with a pale solution of potassium permanganate or a fungicide (for example, copper sulfate). After treatment, rinsing in clean warm water is required.

Some summer residents trim the “tails” of the seedlings to speed up germination. However, such a procedure damages the protective barrier and opens the door to infection, so it is better to get by with soaking, which will already halve the time before germination.

Technique for planting onion sets

Shallow grooves are cut on the leveled bed. The distance between the grooves should be 15-20 cm to make it convenient to care for the plants. If the soil is not moist enough, the furrows are shed with water. Onions respond well to furrow application wood ash and sand.

Treated seedlings can be planted in the prepared bed. The bulbs are buried with the bottom down to the “shoulders”, and then sprinkled with earth, so that a layer of 2 cm is formed on top. Surface plantings will give earlier shoots, but with this technique you will not be able to get a good turnip.

The sets in the row are placed at a distance of 6-10 cm (depending on the variety). Some summer residents advise planting it densely in a “snake” pattern in order to obtain not only bulbs, but also greenery from one bed. As the plants grow in the row, they are thinned out, removing the bulbs along with the feather. This method is convenient for a small garden bed, when you are sure that it will be thinned out in a timely manner.

How to grow a head from seeds in one season?

Growing onions for turnips in the Non-Black Earth Region, on Far East and in Siberia occurs in a two-year culture, i.e., first a set is obtained from seeds, from which next year grow turnips. In the southern regions and central Russia, some sweet and semi-sharp varieties and hybrids can form a marketable bulb from seeds in one season. To get a turnip directly from seeds, you need to sow in early spring and winter or use seedlings.

If weather conditions permit, onions can be sown at the end of April directly into open ground. To speed up seed germination, they must be placed in warm water or a solution of growth stimulants for 1-2 days.

It is better to sow on high ridges. Seeds are sown to a depth of about 2 cm, belt method with a distance between the ribbons of 20 cm. Thus, if the ridge is 1 meter wide, then 4-5 rows can be placed on it. The seedlings need regular watering and thinning twice. The first time is thinned out a few days after mass germination, leaving an interval of 2 cm between plants, and the second time - in the phase of 2-3 true leaves with an interval of 6 cm.

In winter, seeds are sown from late October to mid-November. Pre-winter sowing is characterized by an increased seeding rate (3 times) and mulching of crops with peat. Shoots appear earlier, so the bulb ripens earlier.

Mostly sweet fruits are grown through seedlings. salad varieties. Sowing of seedlings in a heated greenhouse is carried out in early March. It is possible to grow seedlings at home, but only with sufficient lighting. When sown in nutrient soil, seedlings only require regular watering. Plants are planted in open ground at the age of 55 days (they should already have 3-4 true leaves). To do this, choose a cloudy day or evening time. They are planted with a row spacing of 25 cm, with 6–8 cm between plants in a row.

The best varieties and hybrids

Onions are very sensitive to daylight hours, so for planting you need to choose only zoned varieties or achieve local selection. Varieties bred in the northern regions may not form a bulb at all in the south with short daylight hours. When creating your collection of favorites in the garden, include representatives from different groups. Spicy varieties are distinguished by high keeping quality and yield, while semi-sharp and sweet varieties have good taste.

A guaranteed harvest can be obtained by planting old local varieties. In different regions, Strigunovsky, Rostov local, Bessonovsky, Spassky, Mstersky, Pogarsky, Timiryazevsky received popular fame. They are zoned quite widely and are known among gardeners throughout Central Russia and beyond.

Of the widely zoned spicy varieties and hybrids, it is worth noting Golden Semko, Centurion and Stuttgarter Risen.

Golden Semko - early ripening with a large round golden bulb, which is formed in one season directly from seeds; gives high yield; cultivated in all regions of Russia.

Centurion - low-shooting hybrid with medium early maturation; the bulbs are golden, medium-sized, slightly elongated; resistant to diseases.

Stuttgarter Risen - mid-season with large, slightly flattened bulbs.

Peninsular varieties for Central Russia: Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, Sputnik, Myachkovsky 300, Red Baron.

Zolotnichok - mid-early with golden rounded bulbs.

Myachkovsky 300 - early high-yielding with flattened yellow bulbs of medium size; Suitable for growing turnips directly from seeds.

Red Baron - early ripening; The bulbs are dark purple, round, weighing up to 150 g.

Good varieties and hybrids of sweet onions: Exhibition, Ritmo, Comet.

Exhibition - medium ripening with large oval bulbs yellow color; suitable for growing in annual crop from seeds; has high yield, but low shelf life.

Comet - late ripening with large white bulbs; resistant to diseases and suitable for long-term storage.

It can be difficult for beginning gardeners to decide which onion to plant. After all, not only taste and yield are important here, but also shelf life and disease resistance. Moreover, the same variety in different soil and climatic conditions can show different result. Therefore, select up to 5 different varieties in order to highlight your favorites in 2-3 seasons.

Subtleties of plant care

Young seedlings need regular (1-2 times a week) and moderate watering, followed by loosening the rows to restore root aeration. As the head begins to form, the frequency of watering is reduced, and a month before harvesting it is not carried out at all for successful ripening of the bulb. However, in case of severe drought, it is recommended to sprinkle with a small volume of water.

Weeds pose a serious threat to seedlings, so weeding must be timely. Hilling up of plants and close loosening is not allowed. Weeds in the row are removed manually so as not to damage the bulb with a weak root system.

Many summer residents advise carrying out one or even two feedings per season. However, there is no need for them on fertile soils, filled with organic matter in the fall. On poor soils, the first fertilizing with liquid organic fertilizers(horse manure, bird droppings, mullein) is carried out approximately a month after planting. The second feeding is carried out during the period of turnip formation, using phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. To prevent root burns, fertilizing is carried out after moistening the soil and before watering.

Onions are an ancient crop (more than 6 thousand years old), but they do not lose their popularity. Grow perennial different ways: for turnips and greens for food use. Most often, summer residents practice planting onions on a head in the spring, so that they can have healthy vitamins in their diet during the cold season.

Briefly about agricultural technology

Onions are grown in all dachas, but high yields are obtained on fertile soil with a loose structure. In this case, it is desirable to maintain the pH reaction at a neutral level. The depleted soil is enriched with organic matter in advance (in the fall), covering it to the entire depth of the cultural layer. In the spring, before planting, mineral fertilizers are applied to the site.

Onions can grow in a shaded area, but in the end the summer resident will reap a small harvest. Therefore, you should not treat the crop as secondary, but plant it in illuminated beds.

Planting onions in spring

A good harvest is also influenced by crop rotation. You cannot grow onions after lily “relatives”: asparagus, garlic. But the beds after potatoes, peas, cucumbers and tomatoes are saturated with microelements useful for turnips.

Which onion to plant on the head in spring

A novice gardener uses bulbs to obtain heads. different sizes. An experienced farmer knows that it is better to take seedlings for planting, but not all of them, but with a diameter of 1.7-2.1 cm. Smaller onions are usually used for growing greens.

In order to end up with a good head, the planting onion should weigh 2-3 g. The turnip itself is not always used - the larger the onion, the longer it takes root and the later it produces a harvest. There is also a high risk that an arrow will appear on the turnip. To prevent this from happening, large onions need to be planted a little later than small ones.

In addition to this seed material have the following requirements:

the entire onion should be dry and elastic;
exclude seedlings on which sprouts have sprouted or the roots have become covered with a white coating;
reject onions that have mechanical damage;
The sets should not smell like mold, rot or dampness.

Seeds of the same size are calibrated into the bed so that development is uniform.

Only if these conditions are met, you will get a high-quality, marketable head designed for a long shelf life. It should be taken into account that the age of the seeded onion should be a year, maximum two.

Another important point is the correct choice of variety, because not every one of them is suitable for growing per head. Below are the most popular ones for central Russia.

The best varieties of onions for growing by the head

Variety	Description
Red Baron	Produces a red head with a semi-sharp taste. Early variety - 90-95 days of growing season. Good ripening, keeping quality, resistance to bolting. From one square meter you can take up to 3 kg of onions
Stuttgarten Risen	Medium ripeness, quite productive (up to 5 kg/sq.m.). The weight of a slightly flattened onion is 150 g, but it can be grown at 250 g. The pulp is white, juicy, sharp, covered with golden husk
Centurion F1	Attracts gardeners with stable yields, high keeping quality, and resistance to bolting. The hybrid belongs to the very early varieties. Gives a medium head with a slightly elongated shape
Rostov local	A spicy variety with a yellow flat bulb, zoned for the southern region. Ripens in 70-90 days, produces up to 2.5 kg per 1 sq.m.

Residents of the Non-Black Earth Region should pay attention to the Bessonovsky and Strigunovsky varieties.

How and when to plant onions in the spring

The crop is grown as an annual and biennial. The second option is suitable for planting onions on a head if the gardener independently breeds varieties from seeds (nigella). Although planting material can not be harvested from last year, but purchased immediately before spring sowing.

“When to plant onions on the head?” - a pressing question for inexperienced gardeners. Many of them try to take the lunar calendar as a basis, determining for themselves the most favorable day for work.

Experienced farmers are more guided by the climatic features of their region. Having waited for winter to give way, gardeners begin preparatory work in the beds, but they are in no hurry to plant onions yet - they are waiting for the soil to “ripe” for planting (i.e. warms up). In some regions this period falls in April, in others in May.

Guided by the climatic characteristics of their region

If it is possible to grow onion seedlings, you can start sowing at the end of March. To do this, it is not necessary to have greenhouses or heated greenhouses - seedlings feel great on window sills. When the feather on the bulbs reaches 8 cm, the seedlings are planted in the beds.

Preparing for landing

Having selected an onion suitable for planting, it must be properly prepared. To begin with, warm it up under the rays of the sun, placing the container on the windowsill of a south window. If this is not possible, then the boxes with the seeds are distributed on heating radiators (in private houses - on the stove).

After 2-3 weeks, start etching using warm solution manganese or “Fitosporin”. The onions are kept for 15 minutes, then the product must be drained, and the planting material should be slightly dried and immediately planted in the garden bed.

Landing

Having decided which period is most suitable for work, we begin to solve the next problem: how to plant onions correctly in the spring. They begin their actions by forming rows.

You can plant onions in grooves marked with a simple scriber, placing the grooves at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. The spacing between the bulbs in the furrow depends on the diameter of the seed:

for small sets – 6 cm;
the middle onions are spaced 8 cm apart;
a large sample needs more space - 10-12 cm.

In a loose prepared bed, you can do without furrows - just distribute holes evenly over a strip, 2 cm deep. Mark them using a stick of a suitable diameter or use homemade markers that allow you to form several holes at the same time.

By the way, egg trays are great for this. The parameters of the cells and the distance between them are of the required size.

Is it possible to plant onion seeds on a head in spring?

As mentioned above, good heads are obtained from sets, which are grown from seeds. In the southern regions, some varieties are used in annual rotation.

Varieties for growing heads from seeds

In the Ural region, where warm period in short, the seed is used to grow seedlings, which are planted in beds in May.

Nigella varieties for seedlings

Variety	Description
Yucont	The pungent-tasting bulb has a simplified rounded head with purple scales. The average weight of a turnip ranges from 30-80 g with a ripening period of 90 days. Quite a long-lasting, productive variety
Kaba	The ripening period is 120-140 days. The head is large, cast-iron-shaped, with brownish-yellow scales and a semi-sweet taste.
Golden Semko	Early ripening - up to 90 days when grown from seeds. The bulbs are round, weighing 80 g. During the process of ripening, the scales change shade from white to light brown. The yield is stable - up to 3.5 kg per square meter. Keeping quality is high - about 90% of the harvest lasts for at least six months

When to plant onions on the head in the Moscow region: folk signs

Moscow region belongs to climatic zone with unstable weather conditions. Shows itself to be particularly inconsistent spring season. It’s not for nothing that people associate this period with the character of an evil stepmother: sometimes it will warm you up, sometimes a cold wind will blow and rain will pour down.

March is the most capricious - the time for preliminary gardening efforts. If seedlings are needed, then given month(numbers 10-15) nigella is planted in boxes with soil. The seedlings are sent to open ground when the soil temperature rises above 5 degrees Celsius.

The beds with the seedlings are immediately covered with a film frame. This will protect the onions from return frosts and speed up the ripening of the bulbs. But as soon as the heat sets in, the film must be opened, otherwise the onion will overheat.

In April, seedlings can already be taken out into greenhouses. If it is grown on a windowsill, then it’s time to harden off.

The last month of spring - full mobilization work force. It’s not for nothing that people say that the May day feeds the whole year.

Gardeners in the Moscow region should not rely entirely on lunar calendars, looking for the optimal number for planting onions. For many, the beginning of May is the time to sow nigella in beds and plant onion seedlings. There is even a specific day for this - on Luka, May 5th. But there is no change from year to year, so it is recommended to monitor the weather.

Previously, ancestors did not use calendars - they were guided by nature. On the 1st day of the month (on Kuzma) we looked at the weather. If the day turns out to be warm, you should expect frost soon.

Bird cherry has always been the signal for mass planting. As soon as the trees have bloomed, you can safely plant almost all crops. As for onions, here in addition there is such a sign - you need to wait for the violets and willow to bloom.

The beds with seedlings are immediately covered with a film frame

If the apple trees do not bloom on Mark (May 8), autumn will be lean. This forecast is given by the folk calendar. Therefore, the summer resident will have to make every effort not to lose money.

By the end of May, the seedlings are thinned, maintaining a gap of 5 cm. If the season turns out to be rainy, the beds with onions are periodically watered. Mulch made from rotted straw will help retain moisture.

As for varieties, for the Moscow region the most acceptable is Khiberina MS with an early ripening period. Even with average agricultural technology, you can get up to 5.5 kg of heads weighing 125 g per square meter. To increase productivity, it is recommended to use the advice of experienced gardeners.

To help beginners

The Moscow region, Kaliningrad district and other nearby regions are areas where it is better to use narrow beds (mitlider) for onions;
Autumn preparation of the site is carried out not only with the application of fertilizers - it is also worth adding tomato tops and other plant residues to the soil;
Before planting, the bottom of the furrows should be sprinkled with dry sand mixed with ash;
If there is no desire (or time) to bother with pre-processing of planting material, you can use varieties of Dutch selection (the same Centurion);
When planting, you should not bury the bulbs more than 2 cm - they will begin to ripen later and may shoot;
The bulb is lowered into the ground up to its shoulders, but the neck should not peek out - it is better to sprinkle it with a small layer of earth so that a tubercle of 1.5-2 cm is formed;
Some gardeners trim the onions before planting, but for the Moscow region this is not acceptable - there is a high risk of infection;
If the size of the set is too small, it is planted early (such onions easily tolerate frost). It is better to plant turnips closer to mid-May to preserve the harvest;
You cannot plant onions if the soil is already dry. In this case, the furrows are moistened a day before sowing;
2 weeks after planting, the bed is watered with mullein solution. This will fertilize the onion and strengthen the immune system;
Weeding should be done in a timely manner. If time has been lost, then it is better not to pull out the weeds that have grown above the onion feather, but to cut them with scissors.

You should not plant one type of onion in the beds if you are not sure that it will give a good harvest. When selecting a crop variety, the regionality of the variety is taken into account. If the head will be grown for long-term storage, then preference should be given to sharp turnips.

Recently, family onions have become popular. The multi-bud variety allows you to get up to 30 bulbs in one nest, weighing from 25 to 50 g each. They taste in no way inferior to ordinary turnips.