This question, to be honest, is somewhat incorrect. The fact is that profiled timber can withstand any temperature, both -30 * C and -50 * C, but the only question is how much heat is required for this? Therefore, speaking about the maximum external temperatures for profiled timber, one should consider optimal ratio between permissible heat loss, the required temperature in the house and the total thermal resistance of a timber wall, which depends on the thickness of the material, its physical characteristics and quality.
Does the thickness of the wall of a timber house matter?
If the walls are not additionally insulated, then of course they are. As mentioned above, the main indicator that determines the preservation of heat in the house is thermal resistance timber walls. Depending on the thickness of the material, this value has the following values:
– for timber 100 mm thick – 0.55 m2 x *C / W;
– for timber 150 mm thick – 0.83 m2 x *C / W;
– for timber 200 mm thick – 1.09 m2 x *C / W.
As you can see, the thicker the wall, the greater its thermal resistance, which means less heat is lost. A resistance of 0.83 m2 x *C/W provides an acceptable amount of heat loss through the building envelope in a temperate climate zone and can provide comfortable living conditions in the house. Based on the requirements building codes, then to ensure economical operation of the heating system at a temperature of –30*C it is required minimum thickness timber is 380 mm, and rounded logs are more than half a meter. These values were obtained by calculation, which took into account the position of the dew point inside the walls, the minimum permissible heat loss and ordinary (i.e. poor quality) material.
What temperatures can timber of different sections withstand?
Of course, no one uses beams with a cross-section of more than 380 mm and half-meter-thick logs when building a house, since they simply are not on sale, and as practice shows, profiled beams with a cross-section of 150 x 150 mm, without additional thermal insulation, completely provide comfortable conditions when outside temperature air down to –26*C. Beam with a cross-section of 100 x 150 mm, at an external air temperature of up to –19*C, and with a cross-section of 200 x 150 at a temperature of up to –31*C. This difference between theoretical calculation data and practical indicators is ensured by high quality modern materials and improved technologies for building houses from profiled timber. And the use of additional thermal insulation with a thickness of only 100 mm, when fixed to the outer surface of the wall, increases the thermal resistance of the structure by 2-3 times, correspondingly increasing the temperature limits. And then, the thickness of the wall can only be calculated as load-bearing structure, selecting the required thickness of thermal insulation to reduce heat loss through it.
What thickness of timber wall should I choose for permanent residence?
Thickness of a wall made of profiled timber in a house for permanent residence determined by the climatic region where the house is built, the average and lowest outdoor temperatures in winter period. For a temperate climate with a design temperature from –24*C to –28*C, you can use profiled timber with a section of 150-150 mm or 150 x 200 mm, providing a wall thickness of 150 mm. At lower temperatures, 200 mm thick timber should be used for construction. Or use an additional outer layer of thermal insulation.
Can a log house withstand strong winds?
Of course it can withstand it, since the technology for assembling such a house involves connecting the rows to each other using special dowels, as well as reinforced fastenings at the corners of the building and at junction points interior walls. The bottom row of beams is attached to the foundation using embedded parts, the threaded rods of which pass through the beam right through. A house assembled in this way for shrinkage is very strong, so even very strong winds are not afraid of it. Modern technology The construction of houses from construction timber guarantees their high quality and durability.
Many believe that the thicker the timber, the better it is suitable for building a house for year-round use. For such a cottage, it is recommended to choose materials with a cross-section of at least 150x150. But that's not true. On thermal insulation properties influence insulation, window finishing and doorways. The vestibule and hallway will help insulate the room. In this case, you can use timber with smaller parameters.
At “MariSrub” you can order the construction of a house from timber with a cross-section of 140x140 mm. We provide high-quality and reliable finishing and insulation. We use only durable and proven materials. When you order construction from “MariSrub” you will receive warm and cozy housing, which is comfortable both in summer and winter.
The timber is characterized by environmental friendliness, durability and attractive appearance. Houses made of timber look elegant, stylish and graceful. They will stand out favorably against the background of other buildings. The timber is easy to process and lay. You will achieve any architectural forms.
Houses made of timber from the manufacturer
“MariSrub” craftsmen procure raw materials, dry them and produce lumber themselves. We use the latest safe technologies that save natural properties wood, reduce the amount of waste and enhance operational properties products.
We offer construction country house from profiled timber. These are environmentally friendly and non-toxic materials of the correct geometric shape, which are easy to install. Installation of a wall kit takes one to two weeks, and construction of a turnkey house will take two to three months.
We organize turnkey construction, which includes the design and production of lumber for the project, construction of the foundation and roof, installation of the log house and finishing. We carry out work on insulating the walls of the house and install communication systems.
We treat wood with antiseptics and other protective equipment in several stages. This will prevent the appearance of cracks, rot and mold on the materials, and will increase the service life of the materials.
We build houses according to ready-made and individual designs. The firm's architect will competently and rationally draw up a project and plan the space of the house. Two-story cottages and houses with an attic with an area of over 100-150 square meters are optimal for permanent residence. Projects with terraces and balconies are in demand.
Advantages of “MariSrub”
- Own production and work without intermediaries;
- To produce lumber, we use sustainable winter wood, which undergoes careful selection and safe processing;
- When installing a log house and making timber, we treat natural wood with protective agents;
- Affordable prices for timber;
- High quality lumber;
- Creation individual project and construction using ready-made options;
- Staged payment;
- Fixed cost and clear budgeting;
- Shrinkage warranty - one year;
- Free design when ordering turnkey construction.
At the MariSrub company you can order the construction of a house from 140x140 timber from the manufacturer. We offer a full range of works that are needed to build a cottage for permanent residence.
A good-quality timber house, where you can comfortably relax or live permanently, is not only beauty, comfort and charm natural wood, but above all warm. It is not surprising that one of the main questions of those who decide to build their dream home is what thickness of timber to choose. After all, the costs of materials, the need for insulation and the efficiency of heat conservation in cold winters will depend on this. Well, let's find out.
Warmth in a home is a relative concept and depends on many factors. If you wish, you can heat almost any building, the only question is how much you will have to spend on it (time, money, fuel). If the walls give off too much heat to the street, in fact it turns out that you are mainly heating this very street. This will not happen only when the walls are thick enough, correctly calculated, processed and insulated.
What is the thickness of the timber?
Today, several types of timber are produced: solid, profiled and glued. The first is a log sawn on all sides and, in addition to low cost, cannot boast of many advantages. The width of the beams ranges from 150-220 millimeters. However, it should be noted that even the thickest solid beam will retain heat worse than a profiled one, since due to the absence of grooves and tenons, the inter-crown seams do not fit so tightly to each other and are blown out more strongly.
Profiled timber is much warmer, more practical and easier to assemble houses. It may have several tongues and grooves. The more of them, the better the beams adhere, the warmer and more reliable the wall becomes. The same can be said about glued profiled timber, which, among other things, is not susceptible to cracks. The width of the logs can be very different, but the most suitable sections for building houses are 100x100, 150x100, 150x150 and 200x200.
What determines the choice of beam thickness?
First of all, you should focus on the purpose of the building - will they live in it permanently or only for summer season. For temporary use in the summer, the ability of the walls to retain heat is not so important, so a thickness of profiled timber of 100-150 millimeters is quite sufficient. If you plan to live in the house all year round, we recommend timber with a cross-section of 200x200 millimeters.
It is also important to take into account the climatic features of the region. The Moscow region is located in the middle zone, winters here are not as severe as in the north or in Siberia, but not warm either. The value of heat transfer resistance in reference books is designated as 3.0.
There is a formula by which you can calculate the required wall thickness in a house depending on the climate zone. Heat transfer resistance value in climatic zone multiplied by the thermal conductivity of the material (for wood it is 0.15). That is, 3.0*0.15=0.45 meters. In other words, 450 millimeters. The only problem is that timber of this size is not produced.
What if with insulation?
We were faced with a problem: according to the formulas and SNiPs, the thickness of the wall wooden house in the Moscow region it should be 450 millimeters, but such timber cannot be found. The only way left is to insulate yourself. It is believed that 50 mm of insulation = 150 mm ordinary timber. Accordingly, suitable options:
- timber 150 mm thick + 100 mm insulation (similar to 300 mm timber);
- timber 200 mm thick + 50 mm insulation.
In the first case, the output is exactly the 450 millimeters desired by SNiP. In the second - 350 mm, however, as practice shows, they are absolutely sufficient to retain heat if profiled timber is used. After all, its degree of wind blowability is much lower, warm air does not leave the house through cracks, and cold weather has fewer opportunities to get inside.
Conclusion
Where and for what purpose you build a house, it will be warmer and more comfortable if you choose profiled timber. For temporary residence, a section of 100x150 or 150x150 is sufficient. For permanent residence in the Moscow region, a profiled beam 150x150 is suitable, provided that 100 mm of insulation is installed, or a profiled beam 200x200 is provided, provided that 50 mm of insulation is installed.
Venga company specialists are always ready to advise you on any issues related to the construction of houses made of timber, give their recommendations and bring them to life!
Insufficient for climate middle zone The RF section of the timber (without additional insulation and façade cladding, respectively) will force the heating boiler to operate in locomotive mode. Limited financial resources for construction + influence (wife, mother-in-law) on the decision to save on thickness guarantees poor sound insulation and high costs for maintaining the house.
The optimal thickness of the walls (width of the timber) means you can avoid wasting money on useless heating of the street. Depending on the profile height, equipment features, profiled or laminated timber must be at least 190-200mm wide.
IN wooden house, for visits only on weekends in winter, in the absence of people, it is imperative to maintain a temperature of +10-12Cº. Otherwise, after freezing/thawing, the tree will begin to crack. Upon arrival, heat until comfortable temperature and then maintaining it in timber from 190mm will not be difficult. For gardening summer house 140 or 150mm is enough. For a bathhouse, such a section of timber is theoretically enough, but it is better to cut down a Russian bathhouse. The timber cracks quickly and twists strongly in the wall due to changes in humidity.
The ratio of the width and height of the beam profile has a slight effect on heat loss. Many people are more concerned about the natural cracking that is inevitable when solid wood dries out. Which, contrary to popular belief, does not eliminate 100% chamber drying. Therefore, profiled timber is often given unequal dimensions: the width is greater than the height. Cracks form more intensively on a wider surface and will go deeper into the wall. There will be few of them on the visible outer surface (on the short side).
Most owners timber houses with a wall thickness of 140-150mm, they must understand the inevitability of additional insulation from the facade subsequently. If the house is a permanent residence, the process of throwing money into the firebox can become tiresome after the first heating session. Insulation is done from the outside: the closer it is to the cold side of the wall, the more effective the insulation is. Plus a shift in the “dew point” towards the street.
For houses made of simple timber, unlike profiled timber, the façade cladding also protects flat joints without a profile lock from water ingress and wind blowing. The most reliable and beautiful facade cladding - facing brick. The house looks rich and is well protected from the weather. But the final investment is several times higher than the cost of the additional width of the beam, which is sufficient in terms of heat.
Interesting fact: after cladding timber walls brick, heating intensity does not decrease. This is due to excessive moisture in solid wood due to the lack of possibility of unhindered removal of moisture from interior spaces beyond the wooden walls. The thermal characteristics of the timber deteriorate. The overall thickness of the wall is large, and heating bills are rising.
Balance between cost wall material/ heating costs over the years justify an increase in wall thickness to 190-200mm. You need to understand: the cost of solid wood walls is only 1/4 of the total construction estimate(foundation, roof, communications, finishing). If financial capabilities allow, thicker is always better (warmer). The overall heat loss of a home also depends on professional assembly; quality of insulation of the attic, floors, ceilings; glazing area.
Large heating costs in winter, due to savings on the cross-section of timber, will gradually negate all the initial benefits. The intense heating makes the expensive wood dark and crack. If you try to preserve the beauty of the array in this case, you will have to sacrifice something, although physically it itself calmly tolerates low air temperatures. Turn down the heating and you will sacrifice human health.
A winter house made of timber is often called a building intended for comfortable stay all year round. And one of the most important conditions that must be observed is its compliance with thermal technical requirements. Simply put, such a house should be warm even in the most severe winter, and the heating system should not “heat the street.” What should be the thickness of the timber for such a house and is it worth getting attached to it? We will try to discuss these and other thematic issues in this note.
What kind of timber to build a “winter” house from?
There are 2 fundamental approaches to construction country houses for permanent residence:
- when the calculation is based on the thickness of the timber used for the walls of the log house. For example, the opinion of many private developers is that the sufficient thickness of timber for the Moscow region is 200 mm, although this contradicts the approved SNiP. In fact, to wooden wall to retain heat as much as possible, it should be more than half a meter thick - for these purposes, even a 300 × 300 mm beam looks unconvincing. This is without insulation;
- when timber is not considered as the main material that retains heat in the house. This function is transferred to the thermal insulation layer. On average, it is believed that with this approach, 50 mm thick insulation is equivalent to using 150 mm timber. Therefore, a layer of thermal insulation with a thickness of 50, 100 or 150 mm is used, depending on climatic conditions at the site where the building is used
As a small digression. It is necessary to understand that the maximum heat losses are associated not so much with the thickness of the wall (or the degree of its insulation), but with errors in the installation of thermal insulation of the roof, installation of windows and doors. Only cumulative work on all weak points in a building in terms of heat engineering can have a positive impact on its energy efficiency.
Options without insulation
If you do not intend to carry out external Finishing work and want to preserve the natural beauty of a wooden house, then there is only one choice - to use profiled timber. A budget option involves the use of material natural humidity with a section size of 150 × 200 mm, where 150 is the height of the crowns. True, in this case, the housewarming will have to be celebrated only after 1–1.5 years, when the log house has dried and it will be possible to begin the final stages of construction. Using dry timber will cost more: from 20 thousand rubles per square meter. And this takes into account the fact that the communication device is not included in the price. Well, if the chickens are not keen on money, then you can look towards a house made of laminated veneer lumber with a cross-section of 200 × 200 mm. On average, kits made of profiled timber are manufactured in a factory within 2–4 weeks. Experts can build the log house itself in about the same time.
Based on thermal insulation
A budget developer can take a different route: use the cheapest timber with natural moisture and small cross-section, but subsequently take care of insulation. To calculate the thickness of thermal insulation, you can use one of the online calculators that can be found on the Internet.
Or you can carry out all the calculations yourself by looking at SNiP II-3-79*. All that remains is to find out the heat transfer resistance of structures for a certain area, which should be equal to the sum of the heat transfer resistances of individual layers of the “wall pie”: the timber itself (we divide the thickness by the thermal conductivity) and the selected insulation (similarly as for the timber). There will be only one unknown in the equation - the thickness of the insulation.
In this case, 100 × 100 mm timber or 100 × 200 mm timber can be used as wall material. In the second case, the number of crowns will be less (with a thickness of 100 mm), and accordingly the labor intensity of construction will be lower. On average, this option provides a price of 10–13 thousand rubles. per square meter of the house, and the duration of work is largely determined by the moisture content of the lumber.
Finally
From all of the above it follows that any thickness of timber for a winter house cannot ensure the absence of heat loss through the walls. We have to make a compromise: use the thickest materials on the market for the sake of the “natural” design of a wooden house, or save on wall building materials, but at the same time spend additional funds on external thermal insulation and subsequent finishing.