Planning construction country house, along with drawing up the design of the building itself, it is necessary to design engineering systems, including drainage and wastewater treatment systems. To do this, you need to find out what types of septic tanks are used today so that you can choose the most suitable option.
Previously, the installation of an outdoor shower and a “birdhouse” toilet was considered the pinnacle of dacha improvement. These days, more and more owners prefer to equip their homes with a full set of plumbing fixtures.
And in this case, it is necessary to build a local drainage system. To dispose of wastewater from private households, a septic tank is usually used. Let's consider what types of this equipment exist and what features they have.
Classification
Septic tanks, which can be included in local sewerage systems, can be classified according to several criteria:
- by cleaning method;
- by body material;
- according to the installation method.
Varieties based on operating principle
For private households, the following types of septic tanks can be used:
- storage tanks;
- settling tanks with soil filtration;
- installations with forced aeration, providing deep biopurification.
Let's look at the features of each option
Storage tanks
This is the simplest type of equipment; it is a volumetric sealed tank used for collecting and storing wastewater. It works on the same principle as a cesspool, the difference being the environmental safety of the storage tank. After all, the storage tank, unlike cesspools, prevents contaminated liquid from entering the ground.
As it fills storage capacity, it will need to be cleaned. This work is carried out using sewage disposal machines. The contents of the container are pumped out by a pump into a tank installed on a vehicle and transported for disposal in the prescribed manner.
This option for organizing wastewater disposal can be recommended for a summer residence, provided that the volume of wastewater is small. Otherwise, the drive will need to be cleaned frequently, which will incur additional costs.
Septic tanks
This option is universal; it is recommended for a small summer cottage or a spacious country cottage. The difference in this case will be only in the volume of the settling tanks and the area of the devices for post-treatment. The greater the daily volume of wastewater, the more capacious the settling tanks should be. To ensure better cleaning quality, multi-stage settling is organized.
Advice! For an ordinary private house, it is recommended to purchase or build a two or three chamber septic tank. In such an installation, two chambers serve as a sump, and in the last one additional cleaning is carried out using biofilters.
These treatment plants work like this:
- The first section of the installation, as a rule, is the most voluminous. Here the accumulation of wastewater and its primary settling occurs;
- water enters the second section, which has already been freed from most of the large inclusions, here the liquid settles additionally, smaller undissolved particles that did not have time to precipitate in the first section settle to the bottom;
- then the water enters the compartment with a biofilter, if it is included in the design treatment plant, and then fed to a soil filtration unit, where it is finally cleaned;
- the sediment at the bottom of the settling tanks gradually becomes denser. Bacteria contained in wastewater initiate methane fermentation processes, due to which the sludge partially decomposes and decreases in volume. Due to this, it is not necessary to pump out sludge frequently; it is enough to perform this operation annually.
Advice! If the settling tanks are not cleaned in a timely manner, the sediment will begin to thicken, gradually reducing the volume of the chambers. And reducing the volume of settling tanks will lead to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning.
The advantages of this option:
- simplicity of the device, reliability;
- fairly high efficiency;
- inexpensive and easy maintenance.
- Significant volume of containers. In order for the water to settle well, it is necessary for the water to remain in the sump for at least 72 hours. Therefore, when water consumption is high, it is necessary to use large-capacity tanks.
- The need to build soil filtration devices. This increases construction costs. It is especially difficult if the area has clay or high groundwater level.
Deep biopurification
A modern septic tank is no longer just a septic tank, but a station that provides complete cleaning in the shortest possible time. Due to this, the installations are compact in size, and there is no need to build devices for soil treatment. Principle of operation:
- the first stage of processing is to settle the liquid;
- but in the second section additional equipment is installed - an aerator. Through the holes of this device, air is supplied to the cleaned environment, which ensures the creation of conditions for the occurrence of biological aerobic processes;
- then the liquid settles again and is sent to the outlet.
Advice! To ensure the highest level of purification, you can install an additional water disinfection unit using ultraviolet light.
Advantages of the option:
- high quality waste treatment;
- compactness, choosing a place to install a biorefinery station on a site near a country house is much easier than allocating space for installing settling tanks and filtration fields;
- complete absence of odors, so residents and guests of the country house will not feel discomfort.
- high installation cost;
- need to connect electricity.
Materials
There are special requirements for materials for the manufacture of septic tanks, namely:
- corrosion resistance;
- strength;
- tightness.
When equipping the local sewage system of a country house, the following septic tank options are most often used:
- Brick. Previously, this was the most popular option, since tanks of any volume and shape can be made of brick. Moreover, the wave work can be done independently, without the involvement of construction equipment. This is important if the owners of a private house decide to do the construction on their own. The disadvantages of this option are the insufficient tightness of brick tanks and the need for additional waterproofing work.
- Plastic. Currently plastic septic tanks- this is the most used version of treatment plants recommended for use in autonomous sewage systems of a private home. Such installations can be purchased ready-made, or assembled independently using ready-made plastic containers of the required volume. Plastic models have a lot of advantages and only one drawback - they are too light and can float during the seasonal rise of groundwater.
- Reinforced concrete. Reliable, heavy-weight structures. They can be prefabricated (from prefabricated reinforced concrete parts) or monolithic. The latter are more airtight, since they do not have seams, but prefabricated structures can be assembled much faster. The disadvantage is the laboriousness of installation, as well as the need to use special equipment.
Advice! Metal tanks are practically not used in the construction of sewerage systems for a private country house. Due to the metal's susceptibility to corrosion, a metal septic tank will not last long, and the use of stainless steel will make the treatment plant prohibitively expensive.
Installation method
According to the location of the sections, all treatment plants are divided into horizontally and vertically oriented. Vertical type treatment plants are the preferred option for a private home, as they require much less space during installation.
However, this option can only be used at low GWL. If the level of soil water is high, then you have to choose the horizontal option. In this case, the depth of the reservoir will be small, but the area for installing the septic tank will require a significant amount. In addition, according to the installation method, underground and surface ones are distinguished. The latter option is chosen if local conditions do not allow installation in the ground.
What to consider when choosing?
To make the right choice of treatment plant, you need to consider the following factors:
- daily amount of waste;
- frequency of use (permanent, seasonal or periodic residence);
- features of the geology of the site;
- construction budget.
So, for a summer house used for periodic recreation, an inexpensive storage tank is quite suitable, but for a country house it is better to use more productive models - sedimentation tanks or biotreatment stations.
So, there are different types of septic tanks, so for any operating conditions you can choose the most optimal option. A properly selected and installed septic tank will last a long time, ensuring fairly high efficiency in the disposal of sewage wastewater.
Installation of a septic tank – practical way solving the problem of wastewater disposal during the construction of a local sewerage system. But, you must admit, it is sometimes not easy to make a choice among the variety of ready-made designs.
To simplify the task, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with an overview of the main types of treatment facilities and popular models from leading manufacturers. We will tell you which septic tank to choose based on the characteristics of its operation, and outline the main parameters of the device that must be taken into account when purchasing.
For a better understanding of the issue, we have supplemented the information with photographs of various models of waste disposal units, as well as diagrams for their installation.
A septic tank is a waterproof structure consisting of one or more sections or divided into two or three compartments or chambers. But any sewage treatment plant has its own characteristics.
Therefore, in order to choose a recycler wisely, it is necessary to analyze the types of equipment on the market, understand the principle of their operation and determine for yourself the feasibility of using a particular model.
Types of materials used
Septic tanks, which are the main element of local sewerage, are classified according to different criteria.
Image gallery
When building a country house or dacha, the first thing to do is design a water supply and sewerage system. Especially if there are no centralized communications nearby. And in this project important role occupied by the wastewater disposal and treatment system, for which it is necessary to select the best septic tank for the dacha from all those offered modern market species.
A reservoir is a reservoir in which everything is collected wastewater from all plumbing points of the house and undergo biological treatment with subsequent drainage of the liquid into the soil or pumping it out using sewage disposal equipment.
In order to understand which tank to install at a specific summer cottage, it is worth conducting a thorough analysis of all types of equipment, understanding the principle of their operation and assessing the feasibility of installing one or another type of treatment system for private sewer.
We analyze the types of septic tanks in our material and find out which tank is the best.
The modern plumbing industry offers consumers septic tanks, which can be classified according to several criteria. First, we will analyze the treatment systems according to the method and principle of operation, conducting a thorough analysis. There are these types of septic tanks:
- Storage tanks;
- Septic tanks operating on the principle of soil filtration;
- Tanks with a deep biopurification system.
More details about each type of equipment below.
Storage septic tank
This type of private sewer equipment provides a durable, sealed tank for storing all domestic wastewater from the site. In principle, such a container resembles a standard one cesspool, with the only difference that the storage septic tank does not have walls in the form of soil. In this case, when installing a treatment system, the tank is simply buried in the ground to the required depth.
The principle of operation of such a treatment system is that wastewater is collected in containers where natural decay of the wastewater occurs. That is, their larger and heavier particles settle to the bottom of the tank, and lighter water and fatty films rise upward.
Such a structure requires periodic cleaning using a vacuum cleaner.
Important: when analyzing, selecting and installing a storage septic tank, you should carefully select the container according to its volume and material of manufacture. In the first case, the volume should allow the unhindered accumulation of a certain amount of wastewater over a specific period so that it is not necessary to frequently call in special equipment to remove it from the tank. As for the material, it must be strong enough so that it is not crushed by the soil during operation. A thorough analysis is also recommended for this purpose.
Most often, the device of such a septic tank is used in dachas or country houses, in which people live not permanently, but for seasons.
Septic tank with soil filtration
These types of septic tanks are used in those houses where households are expected to live permanently and where the amount of wastewater will be the same constant. This type of equipment requires less frequent cleaning using special equipment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are quite simple and are as follows:
- Sewage from the entire house flows through a pipeline into the first chamber of the tank, where it is separated into light water and solid heavy inclusions. The first goes through a special drainage hole into the second chamber of the septic tank, and the remaining heavy debris settles to the bottom of the first storage tank. In the second chamber, the water undergoes bacteriological purification and is then sent through a connector to the filtration fields of the third chamber, from where it freely seeps into the soil.
Important: in order for the bacteriological decomposition of wastewater in such a treatment facility to proceed faster, it is better to use special aerobic bacteria, which will not only process the wastewater, but also eliminate its unpleasant odors from the septic tank.
After analyzing septic tanks, we were able to identify the following advantages of this type of equipment:
- High speed and quality of processing of domestic waste water;
- Fairly simple tank maintenance;
- No need for frequent use of sewage disposal equipment.
Important: these types of septic tanks are prohibited from being built and operated in areas with clay soil or in areas where the groundwater is high. In this case, instead of draining into the soil, all the runoff will simply begin to wash away the area.
Septic tanks with deep biotreatment of wastewater
These types of septic tanks are widely used in almost all areas and at any facilities. Main feature Such a device provides high-quality wastewater treatment to the state of water that is safe for environment. Residual organic matter can be discharged from such a treatment plant directly into the ground or even water bodies. This is evidenced by a qualitative analysis of water sampled from a septic tank of this type.
In settling tanks with a biotreatment system, it is used complex processing stocks:
- Simple settling of water;
- Its bacteriological purification;
- And chemical treatment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are as follows:
- First everything domestic waste enter the first chamber of the tank, where they are divided into water and larger fecal inclusions. After this, the clarified water is transported to a second chamber where aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are used.
Important: in order for aerobic bacteria to work more efficiently, a special compressor is installed in the second chamber of the septic tank, pumping oxygen.
After the organic masses acquire a structure that is simple in composition, they are transported to the third chamber, in which chemical purification of the water is carried out. Now the wastewater is ready to be discharged into the ground or reservoir.
According to the analysis of all three types of containers, this one has the following advantages:
- High quality wastewater treatment and purification;
- Possibility of using such treatment facilities on soils of any type;
- No sharp unpleasant odors from the waste tank;
- Simplicity of equipment installation and operation (the septic tank operates independently without the need for constant monitoring);
- The presence of a small amount of final sediment, which allows you to clean the tank quite rarely (once every 5-8 years).
Important: a septic tank with a deep purification system requires connection to the electricity network, which entails additional costs for utility bills. But, after comparing all three types of septic tanks, we can safely say that such expenses will more than pay off in the absence of the need to use sewage disposal equipment with enviable regularity.
Septic tanks by type of material
All treatment tanks can also be divided into categories and according to the type of material used for their manufacture. Since the use of certain types of containers is relevant for one type of soil and may be completely unsuitable for another. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all the containers offered by the market.
So, we compare septic tanks by type of material. The reservoirs are as follows:
- Brick treatment systems;
- Concrete tanks;
- Metal tanks;
- Plastic containers.
Brick septic tank
The most standard type of treatment tank in a summer cottage or suburban area. The popularity of such containers is due to the ability to use waste building materials, which allows saving the family budget.
When building a septic tank from brick, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of its walls, since building stone can create cracks and gaps during installation. To avoid this, you can use a sealant or penetrating mastic.
Important: in addition to saving money from family budget Such a treatment plant is quite profitable from the point of view of its construction. There is no need to use complex equipment or professional skill. You can lay one brick with your own hands.
Concrete tanks
A feature of the construction of concrete tanks is the need to dig a pit. If the septic tank is very large, you will have to use complex equipment.
Two types of treatment facilities can be built from concrete:
- Monolithic;
- Made.
In the first case, a pit is dug and reinforced concrete is poured into the installed formwork. In the second case, the septic tank is assembled from concrete rings. They are mounted one on one.
Important: for containers made of reinforced concrete rings, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the joints.
Metal septic tanks
Most rare view tanks for wastewater treatment. Analysis shows that such containers have more negative features than positive ones. And the most important of them is metal corrosion, which will one day lead to depressurization of the cleaning system.
PVC septic tanks
Comparison of septic tanks from different materials clearly speaks in favor of plastic. Such containers are made from sand-reinforced polymers using the hot extrusion method (extrusion under high pressure). The result is a strong container that can withstand large mechanical loads of compression and tension. Especially if the tanks have special stiffening ribs.
The features of such tanks are entirely positive:
- Strength and durability;
- Resistance to aggressive environments;
- Environmental friendliness of materials;
- Featuring 100% tightness of the treatment system;
- Light weight.
The last advantage can also play the role of a disadvantage. Thus, plastic containers for a septic tank run the risk of being thrown out of the ground under the influence of temperature changes and groundwater. To prevent this from happening, they (PVC tanks) are installed in special pits, followed by concreting. You can also use a special anchor system to install them.
There are also septic tanks made from any available materials. But this type of equipment is not professional and is used most often in small dachas, where the owners come periodically to harvest crops or prepare for the winter. In this case they can be used simple barrels, car tires etc.
Septic tank design
Based on the type of construction, septic tanks are divided into one-, two- and three-chamber ones. The latter are carried out if it is planned to install a treatment plant with a biological treatment system.
Two-chamber tanks are tanks for a wastewater treatment plant with a ground cleaning system. Single-chamber septic tanks are storage tanks.
By installation method
All septic tanks can be divided into vertical and horizontal according to the method of installing the cameras. So, in the first case, the containers are installed with their bottom in the ground and look like a simple barrel with hatches in the upper part. With this installation method, the treatment system goes deeper and takes up less space on the site.
If the septic tank is installed vertically like a tank, then, on the contrary, the depth will be less than the occupied area.
Important: vertical treatment structures are used where the groundwater level is high enough.
In addition, it is worth noting that septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former are also used on those soils that are washed by a large amount of groundwater located close to the surface of the earth.
Underground - installed in all other cases.
Which types of septic tanks to choose for a dacha or country house, and which options are suitable for your site, must be decided depending on the following parameters:
- The amount and volume of wastewater on the site;
- Frequency of residence or stay there;
- Features of the soil of your site.
Remember, a correctly selected and installed septic tank will effective means for cleaning and draining all domestic wastewater.
Owners of private houses often face the problem of wastewater disposal due to the absence of centralized system sewerage. For a long time, the only solution was to dig a cesspool, but using it is quite inconvenient and costly. Nowadays, they are mainly trying to install an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - a septic tank for a dacha, but which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.
Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will analyze in detail the question of which septic tank is right for you and discuss the best options based on the problems that it should solve.
The cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly
What are septic tanks and what are they?
Some people mistakenly call a septic tank a complete set of treatment equipment. In fact, this is only part of the treatment facility, which acts as a storage tank and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.
There are quite a lot of types of septic tanks created and each of them has its own pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to take into account the soil on which the country house stands, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.
Video description
Briefly about septic tanks in the video:
Also, at the initial stage, you need to decide on the type of device - purchase a non-volatile septic tank or one that has a forced supply of wastewater (volatile). The first, by and large, are ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical treatment of wastewater, and the second are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which the output is process water that is 95-98% purified.
Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for process water
You can correctly decide which septic tank to choose - for year-round use or one that can work effectively even with periodic supply of wastewater on your own, since there is enough information. Many turn to the help of the Internet for such requests as rating of septic tanks for a country house 2017, to get acquainted with various ratings of septic tanks. But if you have doubts about the correct choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select the appropriate option, tailored to solve specific problems.
Cleaning steps
Wastewater goes through several stages of purification in a septic tank:
Stage of accumulation and settling. This stage consists of collecting waste in a special container, where it is separated into fractions by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles in the form of sediment fall to the bottom, fatty deposits float to the surface, and evaporation ( carbon dioxide and methane) are removed through ventilation to the outside. At this stage, partial stratification of wastewater occurs, which is then sent to the next container;
Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to purify the mixture to approximately 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, for proper operation, the sorbent must be washed and reactivated annually;
Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks
Solid deposits settled in containers are pumped out with a pump or removed mechanically.
Operating principle
Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without access of air) and aerobic (decomposition with the participation of bacteria that require oxygen for life).
Septic tanks have an anaerobic mechanism of action, which perform the functions of a storage tank or settling tank. Such purification systems, without installing additional equipment, only carry out primary clarification of wastewater and require frequent pumping with a sewer truck.
Important! According to sanitary standards Discharge of liquid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.
This option is suitable for rarely visited summer cottages or private houses with a small number of inhabitants. The cost of such a structure is low, installation does not require much effort, and operation does not require constant flow of wastewater into the chambers
The principle of operation of an anaerobic septic tank
Colonies of active bacteria are often added to such septic tanks, which help filter wastewater better than with conventional anaerobic purification.
The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local purification stations of biological action. Colonies of aerobic bacteria are added to such septic tanks, which effectively purify wastewater.
Unlike anaerobic crops, they multiply quickly, have a wide variety of species, and are also more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster, and the output water is practically non-toxic.
For the normal functioning of these septic tanks, the installation of aerators is required, which will supply the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. Also, aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be replanted.
It's obvious that best septic tank for a country house - aerobic. But it all depends on the budget, since cleaning stations of this type are more expensive.
Scheme of operation of a septic tank for aerobic treatment
What materials are septic tanks made from?
An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering a ready-made septic tank, it is made from polymer materials.
In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:
Metal constructions. Rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;
Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires considerable investment of money and time; Mainly used when constructing septic tanks with your own hands;
Fiberglass structures– the most suitable and frequently used material.
Also, septic tanks can be made from scrap materials (barrels, tires) yourself, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.
Homemade small septic tanks for a summer residence - from tires and concrete rings
You can save on purchasing a cleaning unit by ordering from the manufacturer. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.
Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks
According to the degree of their autonomy, cleaning systems are divided into:
Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are settling tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations require periodic pumping of waste using a sewer truck. They have a low degree of purification and require additional ground filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a plot of land. The positive aspects include low cost and independence from electricity;
Volatile septic tanks are the complete opposite of non-volatile structures. Thanks to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems undergoes a full cycle of processing and purification, which eliminates the need for maintenance. Disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During a lack of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank acts as a septic tank.
A pump and an aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank.
Criteria for choosing a cleaning system for a country house
Before choosing suitable septic tank, the following aspects must be taken into account:
The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;
The material from which the septic tank is made determines its wear resistance and resistance to aggressive influences;
The terrain where the structure will be installed and the height of groundwater;
The complexity of installing a sewage treatment system - in terms of installation cost, septic tanks with a filtration field are in the lead, and the most profitable in this regard are biological treatment stations - their container simply needs to be buried in the ground;
Own budget.
On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers For country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Video description
About septic tanks without pumping in the video:
Popular factory-assembled septic tanks
To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:
Sprout mini
A simple and reliable option for private homes. A capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for stable operation of the sewage system when two people live in a house.
Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in section
It is entirely made of polymer material without the use of metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece design of the cleaning system allows for complete tightness. Installation of this septic tank model will not cause any difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and is cylindrical in shape. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil while pumping out the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;
Aster
This model of cleaning system is very popular on the Russian market. It can be classified as a premium type of septic tank. Such structures are made of polymer materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput capacity is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs high-level wastewater treatment due to the presence of filters with anaerobic and aerobic mechanisms of action. The option is designed for country houses where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a cleaning system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;
Installed septic tank "Astra"
Bioxi
It is a high-quality, energy-independent septic tank made of polymer materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It has performance and throughput indicators similar to the Astra model. This cleaning system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pump unit, which flushes the channels automatically. Disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;
Installation of a septic tank "Bioxy"
This cleaning system is designed to serve no more than 4 people. Made from sheet polymer materials. Having average performance indicators, it is capable of passing through about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it high degree filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is 2 meters or deeper. However, the model range allows you to choose the right option for any terrain. The combination of price and quality allows the DKS sewer system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;
Scheme of operation of the septic tank "DKS"
Leader
The septic tank is compact in size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to a four-chamber structure, each of which undergoes a specific processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires cleaning the system once a year. The throughput is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost – from 75,000 – 200,000 rubles;
Delivery of septic tank “Leader”
Tank
This septic tank is endowed with specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after installation country septic tank. The “Tank” type sewerage system is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not require pumping out waste using a sewer truck, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the septic tank Tank is in great demand. Installation of the system is done manually and does not require pouring the base of the pit with concrete. Designed for both seasonal use at dachas and permanent use in country houses. Price – 40–80 thousand rubles;
The “Tank” septic tank has a specific recognizable shape
Tver
It is made of durable polymer materials, which reduces the weight of the entire structure, and stiffening ribs add reliability to it. A special feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires connection to electricity. Does not require constant care. This septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. Disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 – 140,000 rubles;
Installed septic tank "Tver"
Topas
One of the leaders in the cleaning systems market, from the EcoDom company. It is distinguished by a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of colonies of microorganisms as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and a rectangular body shape, which makes it easy to install. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The structure does not require frequent maintenance and pumping out waste using a sewer truck. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and cottages, as well as large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;
What you will need to install a Topas septic tank
Poplar
In production, polymer materials that are resistant to temperature changes are used. Septic tanks of this type have a long service life, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system tanks is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is their dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price for a septic tank “Topol” is 70,000 – 170,000 rubles;
Two-block septic tank “Topol”
Triton
It is made of a double layer of polymer material that is not susceptible to corrosion and rotting products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It is characterized by a long service life, a high degree of purification of sewage water and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters is required. Ideal for small country house. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 – 85,000 rubles;
Three-chamber septic tank "Triton"
Ecoline
Made from special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type have high efficiency wastewater processing. The volume of models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal use by a small group of people and permanent residence V country house. It has a reliable and durable cylindrical design. This cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. The lineup is presented in designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the appropriate option for any need. The cost of Ecoline is 55,000 rubles;
Double-body septic tank "Ecoline"
Elgad C 1400
The best model from the “mini” class, which is ideal for seasonal use in the countryside. It has compact dimensions and a stable design. Capacity of this container sewer system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed to serve up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is coated with a layer of anti-corrosion substance. Despite the tightness and integrity of the structure, such a cleaning system does not retain water well. unpleasant odors. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.
Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications
This is not a complete rating of septic tanks for the home - there are still quite a lot of models of such devices, both domestic and foreign, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.
Video description
A few more words about choosing a septic tank in the video:
Conclusion
Depending on your budget, you can make a cleaning system yourself from available materials, or order ready-made option from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option to study the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.
A correctly selected and correctly installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for comfortable living in a country house.
Just look at any catalog of an online store offering septic tanks for a country house or cottage, and you will be faced with the difficult task of choosing. In fact, along with dealers in this area, there are enterprises that have only recently entered the market, or successful manufacturers that have been operating for a long time and have achieved success, but have decided to develop a new direction of their activity. Therefore, we invite you to familiarize yourself with what types of septic tanks are available for a summer residence and will compare them so that you can decide which is better.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them?
The model line of septic tanks is quite wide, which allows you to choose the best septic tank for your dacha that will meet your individual requirements. When choosing such a cleaning system for a country house, cottage or cottage, you need to consider the following factors:
- The number of permanent residents (take into account possible guests).
- Number of plumbing points (showers, toilets, Jacuzzis, bathtubs, sinks) and household appliances(dishwasher and washing machines), the volume of their waste.
- Groundwater depth.
- Soil type on site.
- Option for discharging treated water (gravity or forced).
How to install a septic tank at the dacha:
- Preparing the pit.
- Arrangement of supply trenches for pipes and wires.
- Installing a septic tank in a pit and sprinkling sand around it.
- Filling the septic tank chambers with water.
- The pipe cuts in, the power supply connection.
- Commissioning works are being carried out.
- The outer part of the septic tank is prepared taking into account the features landscape design in the territory.
The principle of operation of septic tanks
A septic tank is a structure that is used to treat wastewater. The design of its device implies the presence of a multi-chamber system. The first tank (sump) receives wastewater from the house through a pipeline. Bacterial decomposition of wastewater occurs in it. In some devices, usually industrial production, structures are installed here that are responsible for filtering contaminated water.
The decomposition of wastewater occurs under the influence of anaerobic or oxygen-free bacteria. They convert the liquid entering the settling tank into clarified water, gas and mineral insoluble sludge or sediment.
All anaerobic septic tanks include several chambers. In the first, wastewater treatment and partial filtration take place. In the second and in all the others, the purification process continues.The gas formed as a result of the decomposition of wastewater is removed through a ventilation pipe, and the water goes into the overflow hole into the second tank. In this case, anaerobic bacteria do not stop cleaning the wastewater. Then the clarified water flows into the next container or is supplied to the filtration fields. After soil filtration, the liquid is absorbed into the soil. This structure belongs to anaerobic type systems or non-volatile septic tanks.
There are also a variety of devices that require electricity to operate. These are aerobic septic tanks with biological treatment. In such devices, wastewater treatment is carried out by aerobic microorganisms that simply cannot exist without oxygen. For this reason, the compressor automatically turns on after a certain time and supplies air inside the tanks. The process of wastewater decomposition in these installations occurs very quickly. The level of purification of contaminated waters is 98%.
The operating principle of an aerobic septic tank requires a constant flow of oxygen, since the bacteria contained in the activated sludge die and cleaning stops.
One of the most common structures is a storage septic tank. It is a single-chamber sealed device used to accumulate wastewater that is pumped out using a sewage disposal machine. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a filling level sensor. This option is the best for those who often visit their country house, but for various reasons it is impossible to set up an effective wastewater treatment area.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better?
- Non-volatile septic tanks.
Models that operate without electricity and are not tied to the presence of electrical networks are suitable for small country houses. In remote areas and gardening communities, there is a possibility of a power outage for a fairly long period, so it is worth deciding in advance on the equipment for small country houses. In remote areas and gardening communities there is a risk of power outages for a fairly long period, so it is worth choosing sewage equipment in advance.
Of course, users have a question about whether a septic tank is needed at all in the country if it is possible to equip a cesspool. We will not convince dacha owners, but simply remind them of aesthetics, sanitary requirements and basic amenities. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the best non-volatile septic tanks.
- "Tank".
The “Tank” septic tank is made of high-strength plastic, having a thickness of 10 to 17 mm with stiffening ribs. The design itself provides resistance to high loads that are formed under soil pressure in summer and winter period. The estimated service life of the product is at least five to ten years, subject to operating conditions. A conventional septic tank works on the principle of wastewater treatment through sedimentation or further biological decomposition of the material with a biofilter, which is characterized by high productivity. The infiltrator is responsible for distributing purified water that enters the ground.
The unique shape of the body protects the structure of the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of equipping it with a high neck allows them to be placed at the required depth. A special design, including module blocks, allows you to assemble almost any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes act as connections.
The operating conditions of the septic tank imply its periodic cleaning of accumulated solid residue. At competent operation equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the container is cleaned every four to five years. But it is recommended to do this at least once a year. In the case of periodic use of a septic tank, during the winter, when sewerage drainage is not supposed to be treated, approximately a third of the water is removed from the tank.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Tank”
Price of septic tank "Tank"
It is worth noting that the price of this septic tank is more than affordable for many private home owners. This is one of the main advantages that causes great interest in the product. The price largely depends on its volume and therefore increases with increasing capacity.
Reviews of the “Tank” septic tank for a summer residence
Alexander
“The septic tank filters perfectly, there are no comments. There were no problems with its installation, since everything was described in detail in the instructions. Convenient, environmentally friendly, economical. I leave positive feedback."
“I studied a lot of reviews, the opinions of buyers differ, but, as a rule, negative emotions arise only due to improper installation and operation of this septic tank.”
“The septic tank does not consume electricity and operates completely autonomously, but I would not take a very large volume, since unfavorable conditions for the development of bacteria may form.”
“Two years ago we installed a Tank-1 septic tank, from which we use water to water the garden. It’s very convenient, since there is no water source on our site, including technical water.”
- "Triton".
Three chambers that are responsible for implementing the process of removing various suspended matter from contaminated water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material, as well as supplying purified wastewater to a special filtration site. This septic tank is produced in several versions, which gives you the opportunity to choose between models with a volume from 2 to 40 m3.
Once a year, or in case of intensive use twice a year, it is worth clearing the container of accumulated solid sediment. Lifetime plastic container– approximately 50 years. When installing equipment, you need to provide an “anchor”, a monolithic concrete surface or concrete slab, which ensures good retention of the septic tank at the required level.
For small bathhouses and country houses, it is better to use the “Triton-mini” models, which are compact septic tanks for the summer, designed to receive wastewater of small volumes.
Table of characteristics of the Triton septic tank
Price for septic tank "Triton"
Despite low cost, treatment plants are popular both for small summer cottages and for country cottages for permanent residence. The septic tank provides the necessary level of wastewater treatment.
Reviews of the Triton septic tank“The summer before last I installed a Triton N-1 septic tank at my dacha. It works “excellently” and fully copes with its stated function.”
"Easy installation, low price, easy maintenance. The quality and cost are completely justified. My parents installed this septic tank last summer and were very pleased. The first cleaning was quick and without any unpleasant odors.”
“I installed this septic tank for my parents at their dacha in the village. They have been using it for three years, my father is happy. Great option for a dacha where there is a small amount of drainage water.”
"At correct installation, with the Triton septic tank you are not afraid of either severe frosts or others typical problems. It's been two years since the septic tank was installed, and we're happy with everything. The guests who came to our dacha also seriously thought about installing such a septic tank.”
- "Aqua-bio".
The septic tank is intended for a summer cottage, where you can create a filtration field or another type of soil purification of water drained from the tank. Simple system A septic system involves passing contaminated water through 5 chambers. Initially, sedimentation of solid suspensions occurs in 3 compartments of the tank, then in the remaining 2 chambers the processes of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter occur due to the development of colonies of anaerobes on the surface of a special load.
The main advantages of this septic tank are a large number of chambers, which increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment. As a result, you will not need to reconstruct the filtration fields, which will remain clean for a long time, which means you will not encounter additional costs during the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of the durable plastic housing eliminates the possibility of contaminated wastewater entering the soil.
The productivity of different models can vary from 600 to 1300 liters per day. The price of a septic tank for a summer residence depends on this indicator. A simple calculation allows you to decide on the most suitable model, but do not forget that such a septic tank is not suitable for the territory where it is noted high level groundwater.
Models of the Aqua-bio septic tank differ from each other in productivity and volume. Today, containers are produced with a volume of: 3600, 3000, 2500, 2000 liters. Accordingly, with productivity l/day: 1300, 1100, 900, 700.
Prices for septic tank "Aqua-bio"
If we talk about the cost of the Aqua septic tank, then, in comparison with similar solutions, such structures cannot be classified as budget ones. You can verify this by carefully studying the table below.
Reviews about the septic tank “Aqua-bio”
“Not disappointed, works reliably and stably. IN severe frost once it was “caught” by three centimeters of ice. We had to resort to insulating the lids.”
“I ordered it, installed it and have been using it for several years now. Everything is fine, I can confidently say that he is not afraid of even severe frosts.”
“I carried out a thorough installation, overwintered well, I leave a positive review and recommend this septic tank for the dacha.”
- Energy-dependent septic tanks.
They require a constant connection to electricity and can work on the principle of forced oxygen supply to the batteries, namely aerobic wastewater treatment. Such septic tank models are a real deep cleaning station, allowing you to bring it to the required level when the discharge can be directed into storm sewers, reservoirs and ditches without any risk of disturbing the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, it is worth highlighting the five most common models.
- "Tver".
Such a septic tank belongs to local treatment plants, where wastewater treatment occurs comprehensively. The device simultaneously uses several different technologies, which are combined into a single system and provide excellent results when used small area land plot.
It’s worth noting right away that this solution is energy-dependent and is adapted for use in houses intended for permanent residence. But it’s also great for a dacha if you follow simple rules conservation.
The equipment contains a multi-chamber container and high-quality plastic. The first chamber acts as a settling tank, which retains most of the poorly soluble inclusions. Some of them will sink to the bottom, while the rest will float on the surface. Here anaerobic decomposition processes take place, continuing in the second chamber on biofilters. Then comes the aeration chamber, where the water is saturated with oxygen. This activates aerobic water purification by microorganisms. The liquid is further purified in several chambers, where it flows by gravity. One of them contains limestone loading, where it binds with harmful decomposition products, namely nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
The addition of chlorine-containing reagents can increase the efficiency of water disinfection.
Models are installed on different types soil, even if the dacha is located on former peat mines, which are characterized by a highly aggressive environment. Durable plastic does not corrode, and an additional “anchor” pre-installed in the pit will not allow the container to “float”.
home distinctive feature septic tank "Tver" - receiving a large volume of waste water. Therefore, if you need to drain the bathtub, then it will cope with this task without deteriorating the quality of the outlet water and without releasing untreated wastewater.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tver"
Reviews and price of septic tank "Tver"
If you look at all the reviews about this product, you can come to a single conclusion: in most cases, such a treatment plant fully satisfies the needs of every modern person. There were no complaints about difficulty during operation or cleaning. One cannot but rejoice that this septic tank is the development of our specialists. Moreover, its price is affordable, as you will see by studying the information in our table.
| Model name | Dimensions L×W×H, mm | Productivity, m3 per day | Weight, kg | approximate price |
| 0.75P | 2250×850×1670 | 0,75 | 120 | 67500 rub. |
| 0.75PN | 2600×850×1670 | 0,75 | 140 | 77,000 rub. |
| 0.75RM | 2250×850×1970 | 0,75 | 78,000 rub. | |
| 0.75PNM | 2600×850×1970 | 0,75 | 170 | 88,000 rub. |
| 1P | 2500×1100×1670 | 1 | 150 | 86,000 rub. |
| 1PN | 3050×1100×1670 | 1 | 180 | 96,000 rub. |
| 1RM | 2500×1100×1970 | 1 | ||
| 1PNM | 3000×1100×1970 | 1 | 210 | 100,000 rub. |
| 1.5P | 3500×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 250 | 107500 rub. |
| 1.5PN | 3850×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5RM | 3500×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5PNM | 3850×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 310 | 128,000 rub. |
- "Leader".
Such septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from sedimentation tanks and to run an aerator, which saturates the water with oxygen for the development of aerobic microorganisms that eat organic matter. As you can see, this is a volatile solution. Thanks to the integrated approach and the presence of six chambers, the process requires the use of special bioadditives, and the system is highly resistant to temporary overloads of wastewater pollution.
Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle that discharge can be carried out in comfortable spot: ditches, pond or drain well. As you can see, there are no violations of standards for the discharge of pollutants; there is complete consistency with the ecology of the surrounding nature.
Local wastewater treatment occurs on the principle of passing through all stages of the tank with pumping out the activated sludge that has accumulated. The first camera is used for mechanical stage purification – primary clarification of water and sedimentation of suspended particles. The manufacturer indicates that the effectiveness of this chamber is 2/3 of mineral contamination.
As for the second stage, a bioreactor is used here, in which anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation (conversion of difficult-to-oxidize substances into simple ones for the oxidation process). Moreover, bacteria develop on a polymer fishing line that imitates algae. In subsequent blocks of the septic tank, namely in the third, fourth and fifth, wastewater is purified by aerobic bacteria. All conditions for life are provided for them, which are created using two aeration tanks with aerators.
The bacteria themselves multiply on the porous material, form entire colonies, turning into activated sludge. As a result of the victorious battle with the drains, the last stage of the septic tank emerges. Here the neutralization of phosphates occurs in an alkaline environment.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Leader”Price for septic tank Leader
The cost of a septic tank with turnkey installation directly depends on its dimensions, power, weight, and connection to the sewerage system. Septic tanks also differ in price, which depends on the chosen model of the cleaning device.
Nowadays, the price of a “Leader” septic tank may differ, so below we will understand not just price category, but also in different models septic tank
- "Poplar".
The design of this septic tank allows it to be used in the following temperature range - from -30 to +40 0C. It works on the principle of passing sewage water through four compartments (two of them have aerators installed). Regular supply of oxygen to the contents has a positive effect on the development of bacteria, which are responsible for the decomposition of biomaterial. The required oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and the process of circulating fluid between different compartments is carried out by airlifts.
When human waste is decomposed by bacteria, the wastewater enters the settling tank, where activated sludge is deposited, and the liquid is sent through a filter to the collection system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, as a result of which the ingress of moisture onto the contacts is completely excluded and reliable protection of the equipment is ensured.
The body of the septic tank is made of polymers that do not corrode, and the average service life of a septic tank is approximately 50 years. As for deposits, they are removed independently or using a sewer machine.
Table of characteristics of the Topol septic tank
Septic tank “Topol”: reviews and prices
If installation work are carried out in strict accordance with all requirements, then no questions will arise during the operation of the Topol septic tank. We read numerous reviews of the operation of this treatment plant that we could find on the Internet, and came to the following conclusion: the reviews are mostly positive, without harsh criticism of the septic tank and its characteristics. The main thing is to choose an installation that is appropriate in terms of performance and install it correctly.
If we talk about prices, they are competitive, neither cheaper nor more expensive than other options. Of course, they grow as the volume and productivity of the container increases. In the table below you can see the average cost of a Topol installation of various capacities.
| Model | Price in rubles. | Electricity consumption, kW/day | Maximum one-time discharge in liters | Daily processing, m 3 / day | Number of conditional users |
| "Topol 3" | 70,000 rub. | 0,9 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 3 PR" | 76,000 rub. | 1,2 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 5" | 80900 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 PR" | 87900 rub. | 1,2 / 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long" | 103500 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long PR" | 110800 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 8" | 99800 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 PR" | 119,000 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long" | 115500 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long PR" | 120900 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 10" | 125,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| Topol 10 PR | 135,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long" | 144,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long PR" | 153,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
- "Topas".
In the Topas septic tank, sewage water is purified in several directions: the process of decomposition of organic materials, reducing the mineralization of wastewater, as well as cleaning from mechanical impurities. The operating principle of such a septic tank cannot be considered innovative, but be that as it may, it provides purified water (98%), which you can use for irrigation.
The first stage of purification is carried out in the receiving stone, in which sedimentation of mechanical impurities occurs. Then the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to resolve organic compounds as a result of the activity of bacteria (their colonies are in activated sludge). Suspended sludge entering with water has a deeper purification, which is deposited in the next compartment. The fully purified water will then be removed from the system and the sludge will be returned for later use.
Equipment servicing occurs when checking the operation of the compressor and diagnosing the septic tank.
Topas characteristics table
| Model name | Designed for number of people | Dimensions, mm
The Ecopan septic tank was designed for use on heaving soils with a high clay content. The destructive effects of the soil are compensated by the two-layer design of the septic tank with a huge amount internal partitions between the first polymer layers. For light soils, it is better to use Ecopan L series. It is resistant to various mechanical damages, as it has a wall thickness of up to 8 mm. The step-by-step cleaning process is carried out by six sections of the septic tank. In the first compartment, heavy and light suspensions are deposited, differing as they accumulate through the hatch provided by the manufacturers. Then follows the aerobic process, which takes place inside the next compartment. Brush loading guarantees the rapid development of bacteria that decompose organic compounds. In the next chamber, oxygen is supplied to oxidize with a compress and deepen the decomposition process. Sedimentation of suspensions and calming of mixtures is carried out in the next compartment, from where the sediment is pumped into the first chamber for subsequent removal. To purify wastewater to the required values, the penultimate compartment is used, in which colonies of organisms on a brush load bring about the decomposition of biomaterials, and limestone ensures a normal pH of the environment. Purified water from the last chamber is removed from the system by gravity or through a pump. Table of characteristics of the Ecopan septic tank Price for septic tank "Ekopan" Septic tanks for the Ecopan dacha are not too different high cost– their prices are comparable to the cost of similar VOCs. Below we provide a table with the cost of the most popular models of local septic tanks.
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