What should a septic tank be like for a permanent home? Which septic tank to choose for a private home? Modern septic tank for a country house

For comfort in a country house or in rural areas, you will need to connect water supply and sewerage.

The best option for autonomous wastewater collection was a septic tank.

The home owner is faced with the problem of choosing the best option for such treatment facilities from the many offered on the market.

What are they like?

Compact treatment facilities serving the needs of one home are divided according to several criteria:

Way of working;
Materials used;
Shape, location and type of installation.

Varieties according to the method of operation

Septic tanks are suitable for a dacha or a private home: from the simplest, storage tanks to fully functional ones, providing high-quality complete wastewater treatment.

Cesspools or storage tanks

In fact, such a septic tank is an improved cesspool.

It is a sealed container, the only function of which is to accumulate wastewater from the house.

In the chamber they are divided into fractions– heavy waste sinks to the bottom, light waste, such as fats and oils, accumulates on the surface.

The advantage of this type of autonomous structures is the simplicity of the device.

Main disadvantage storage septic tank - the need for its regular cleaning, for which specialized sewage disposal equipment is used.

The cesspool option is suitable for a house in which the volume of regular waste is small, for example, for a summer house, with 2-3 people living and limited water consumption.

The main requirements for a cesspool septic tank— sufficient volume, tightness and high strength of the storage container.

Their implementation will reduce the frequency of cleaning and protect the surrounding area from the ingress of waste accumulated during operation.

Settlement tank with soil post-treatment of wastewater

Overflow septic tanks - great option for a home where the daily glass size is small, but people live and use water supply constantly.

In such structures, in addition to the accumulation of waste, it is partially processed and cleaned.

Removing accumulations for such an installation it is required much less frequently - as a rule, overflow septic tanks require the services of sewer trucks no more than once every 2-3 years.

Principle of operation

Overflow septic tanks are two-chamber. The first chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows, acts as a sump.

After partial separation into fractions, water with a minimum content of solid inclusions, including from under, flows into the second chamber - the treatment chamber.

It uses aerobic bacteria that can decompose organic matter to process contaminants.

The degree of water purification as a result of their work reaches 60-70%.

This water is used for irrigation or is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification along the way in ground filtration fields.

They are layers of rocks with high water permeability (gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand, etc.), which remove contaminants using the principle of mechanical (mesh) filters.

The advantages of such a septic tank:

ease of maintenance;
a significant time interval between container cleanings, due to a reduction in the accumulation of dry residue;
processing a significant part of the waste contained in wastewater.

Deep biological processing of waste

Such structures are full-fledged wastewater treatment plants.

They process significant volumes and are suitable for a large private home with permanent residence.

At the same time, biochemical septic tanks purify water almost 100%.

The design uses three chambers:

for separation of substances contained in wastewater (how to connect automatic washing machine to the sewer, read ) by faction;

biological treatment using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (to ensure the activity of bacteria, additional equipment is used - aerators);

disinfection using chemical reagents.

Advantages of three-chamber septic tanks:

100% degree of purification Wastewater;

absence of unpleasant odors when using such installations;

no restrictions for installation based on soil type and level groundwater;

minimum costs for installation and time for commissioning - stations are supplied fully equipped;

minimal human participation in the work, since the system is maintenance-free.

For septic tanks with this degree of purification, the frequency of replacing chambers or selecting dry residue from them is once every 5-8 years, due to its minimal accumulation.

The main disadvantage of such treatment facilities is the high price (how to make a grease trap for sewage with your own hands is written in the article).

Important! If the mode of residence in the house involves long breaks, for example, in a summer cottage there is no people in the house during the winter season, septic tanks with biological filters are not installed.

The limitation is due to the fact that without a regular supply of nutrient medium, the bacterial cultures that process organic waste will die.

What criteria are used to select treatment facilities?
Choosing a septic tank for construction or installation finished product requires consideration of several important factors.

Performance

The ability to process the entire volume of wastewater generated in the house (productivity) is the main thing technical indicator sewage treatment plant.

It depends on the number of people occupants and the level of use of plumbing fixtures.

Naturally, in country house where 2-3 people live in the summer, and the main consumers of water are washbasins and showers, the volume of wastewater will be significantly less than in a comfortable cottage intended for permanent residence families, with:

swimming pool,

several bathrooms (),

with washing machine and dishwasher.

In practice, in terms of performance, septic tanks are selected based on:

if the daily volume of wastewater is less than 1 cubic meter, a single-chamber storage septic tank is sufficient;

if the drainage volume ranges from 1 to 10 cubic meters per day, install a two-chamber septic tank with soil filtration;

for volumes exceeding 10 cubic meters/day, the best option would be three-chamber septic tank deep cleaning.

For your information!

When installing a storage septic tank at the dacha (about laying external utility networks and communications read on the page) care should be taken to clean it regularly.

If the volume of wastewater turns out to be significant, calling the sewage disposal truck will have to be done frequently.

In terms of costs, this may be more expensive than installing a more advanced two- or three-chamber model.

Important! SNiP set the minimum required size of septic tank chambers. It must accommodate the volume of waste generated in the house for 3 days.

Type of soil on the site and depth of groundwater

This factor matters only if the choice is made in favor of a septic tank with additional water purification in filtration fields.

Suitable soils for its installation with a high coefficient of water permeability. On heavy clay soils, organizing natural filtration is difficult.

In this case, you will have to excavate part of the soil, replacing it with a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out this work will require time and a significant amount of investment.

Septic tank for biological and chemical treatment it will be more profitable.

Comment! When organizing a storage septic tank, the type of soil affects only the labor intensity of the work on site preparation and construction of the structure.

Sorting by materials

For autonomous treatment facilities, septic tanks are built on site or industrially manufactured options are purchased.

The first include brick septic tanks, monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete, available materials.

More expensive, but, undoubtedly, a ready-made septic tank will be an absolutely reliable option.

The range of manufacturers includes stations with housings made of polymers or fiberglass.

Advantages of purchased products:

a wide choice of performance - from mini-septic tanks, sufficient for a house with 1-2 people, to semi-industrial plants capable of processing wastewater from a small village;

absolute reliability and tightness;

delivery of ready-to-use devices, thereby reducing the time required to commission the installation;

equipment for everyone necessary equipment and cleaning products.

Attention! Septic tanks with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass require protection from floating when the groundwater level rises and destruction under pressure of soil masses or displacement of soil layers.

For this purpose, purchased stations are installed in concrete pits, and they are anchored - fastening the containers to the walls and bottom of the pit with nylon belts.

Installation options

Both purchased installations and septic tanks self-made— are carried out in vertical and horizontal versions.

Vertical structures are designed for installation buried in the ground.

This is their problem - on heavy soils or when groundwater is close to the surface, installation work is labor-intensive and requires the use of special equipment and special techniques to ensure reliability and environmental safety.

Horizontal septic tanks, typically a surface-mount option.

To ensure the required productivity (volume of wastewater), such structures occupy a significant area, which creates additional problems for limited land ownership spaces (for example, in summer cottages).

How to understand which septic tank is best for a home with permanent, year-round residence? Watch the video and get answers to questions about effective equipment for collecting and recycling household waste.

It is not so easy to purchase a suitable septic tank for a country house - what to choose depends on many factors, so it is important to determine the main priorities and criteria for evaluating the models being compared. Of course, the advice of professionals and the help of neighbors can be of significant help, but it should be remembered that the choice is individual in each case. It depends, first of all, on the needs of the residents of the house and the conditions at a particular site. The right choice will ensure maximum comfort and avoid problems during operation and maintenance of an autonomous sewer system.

When figuring out which septic tank to choose for a country house, you should understand that it is important not only to compare models with each other, but also to correlate their characteristics with specific conditions.

Please note the following:

climatic conditions,
structure, density and other features of the soil on the site,
operating mode, which is determined by the nature of residence in the house (permanent, seasonal, periodic),
average daily volume of wastewater (this parameter can be calculated using a more complex scheme, taking into account the type and number of plumbing fixtures and washing equipment, but more often a simplified scheme is used, considering that the average daily water consumption of one person is about 200 liters).

Recycler models and their features

Any septic tank for sewerage in a country house has its own characteristics.

Drives

Storage tanks are the cheapest and easiest disposal devices at the construction stage. It is advisable to choose them when the house is not used very often or if the owners are ready to often use the services of vacuum cleaners.

Factory septic tanks with additional stages of post-treatment

For efficient operation, factory-made non-volatile septic tanks for a country house (for example, Tank, Triton, etc.) are equipped with infiltrators, or soil treatment systems for them can be installed independently. In tanks of such products, sedimentation and partial purification of wastewater occurs, and the final biological decomposition of impurities with the help of bacteria is carried out in the soil. Many people know that to install such septic tanks Areas with high groundwater are not suitable, however, there is one more nuance - filtration fields cannot always be in one place, and their transfer is quite labor-intensive, involving a large amount of excavation work. Choosing a septic tank for a country house should take into account all the operational features.

Tip: Instead of filter fields, you can use drainage well with filter bottom.

Self-made septic tanks

Building a septic tank yourself requires time and effort, but this is largely justified by the cost-effectiveness of the option. Building a septic tank is much cheaper than purchasing a factory model.

Sedimentation tanks connected in series, poured concrete or, as well as other materials, provide stepwise clarification of wastewater and can be quite effective when making the right choice volume and type of structure, as well as subject to compliance with the recommendations of specialists at the construction stage.

Deep cleaning stations

Local deep treatment plants for wastewater can only be purchased. The settling of impurities in such models is combined with the decomposition of organic inclusions under the influence and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The advantages of such structures are high degree cleaning and minimal maintenance requirements - VOCs operate automatically. However, it should be remembered that deep cleaning stations are volatile and need to be connected to the mains power supply. Moreover, for many owners country houses the deterrent factor when purchasing is high price VOC.

Soil features

Before determining which septic tank is best for a country house, study in detail the geological conditions on your site. In addition to the type of soil, the level of occurrence is also important. surface waters, as well as the height of their rise, for example, during a flood.

Models for light soils

If the soil in a dacha or the garden area of a country house is sandy or has a high sand content (sandy loam), any type of septic tank can be chosen for the installation of an autonomous sewer system. In particular, models with soil purification systems are effective in these conditions, since light soils allow and filter water well.

Both expensive bioremediation stations and simple budget storage tanks work well on light soils.

The photo shows an example of the arrangement of filtration fields on the site

Models for heavy soils

The high content of clay, which allows water to pass through only in a dry state and, when saturated with moisture, becomes a waterproofing agent, imposes certain restrictions when choosing a treatment facility. If the soil on the site is clay or loam, and you are looking for best septic tank for a country house - the rating will be headed by sealed storage tanks and local treatment stations (VOC). In this case, it is irrational to install a model with soil post-treatment. Theoretically, this is possible, but for normal operation of the device you will have to perform great amount excavation work - remove clay soil, replacing it with crushed stone or sand.

Models for areas with high soil water levels

A high level of soil water or its significant rise during a flood can create certain problems during the operation of an autonomous sewer system. To avoid them, it is important to choose the right type of recycler. Models that provide for the filtration of wastewater through the soil will not be suitable in this case - the impurities present in them will end up in groundwater.

Acceptable options are:

sealed storage units,
VOCs, which provide for the forced removal of purified liquid,
septic tanks with a post-treatment system located on the ground surface.

Obviously, under any conditions you can find the optimally suitable septic tank for a country house - decide for yourself what to choose.

Wastewater treatment plant performance

To ensure trouble-free operation of the septic tank and prevent overcrowding of the tanks, it is important to select the correct performance of the model. This parameter, in turn, is related to the volume of cameras and their number.

It was already indicated above that the average daily volume of fluid consumption is about 200 liters per person. A septic tank, according to accepted norms and rules, must accommodate the amount of wastewater for three days, so this figure should be tripled and multiplied by the number of residents. The result obtained will be the required productivity of the recycler, but experts do not recommend choosing “the minimum”; you should make a small reserve - 10-15% of the calculated volume, which is a kind of insurance and a way to reduce the risk of overfilling the tanks.

Having decided on the volume of the product, you can decide on the number of cameras.

Single-chamber models are suitable for a minimum amount of waste (the average daily volume is less than a cubic meter).
If the daily volume of wastewater is no more than ten cubic meters, a two-chamber septic tank would be the best option.
Three-chamber models will ensure trouble-free waste disposal, even if a family of 4 people permanently lives in the house; they are designed to process wastewater in a volume of more than 10 cubic meters per day.

Pricing

Many manufacturers produce different kinds septic tanks for a country house. The presence of products with different parameters in the model lines allows you to make a rational choice for each home. At the same time, there are features characteristic of each brand.

The cost of the recycler is influenced by all parameters, including:

septic tank volume,
number of series-connected tanks (chambers, cleaning stages),
technology used for wastewater treatment,
availability of additional equipment (float level gauges, automatic control systems, filters, drainage pumps, air lifts, compressors),
body material,
company manufacturer.

You can learn from another article as a soil purification system.

If you decide to use them as a sewer, then our article will help in their selection and installation.

About features independent device outdoor toilet here.

Popular models

To make it easier to navigate the variety of models, we offer a brief overview of septic tanks for country houses from the most famous manufacturers.

Tank

Non-volatile septic tanks, one of the advantages of which is the presence of a monolithic body, eliminating the possibility of waste getting into groundwater. To increase the strength of the body, they are equipped with stiffening ribs. The range of septic tanks of this brand includes compact models for a small dacha (capacity - 600 l/day) and high-performance (from 1200 l/day) products designed for permanent residence of a family of 5-6 people.

Triton

Triton septic tanks are compact single-chamber models of the “mini” class (Triton-Mini, Triton-Micro) and models for large quantities of wastewater (from 1000 l/day) with three series-connected chambers (Triton-T). All structures are characterized by increased strength, capable of withstanding loads from soil pressure.

Topas

Models of this brand are energy-dependent (they belong to deep biological treatment stations - they purify wastewater by 98%), but differ from analogues in their low energy consumption. Reviews of Topas brand septic tanks for country houses prove their reliability. In addition, users note a large selection of products that differ in technical specifications(productivity, degree of depth of the sewer pipe, method of drainage, etc.).

If you try to decide which septic tank is better for a dacha with non-permanent residence, then you will quickly understand that there is no definite answer here. Family budget, “productivity”, geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, so in each individual case the best solution will be something different. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal living already imposes some fundamental restrictions on the choice of design.

There are universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations.

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If we take a strict approach, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground tank. Now this is a mandatory condition, non-compliance with which is punishable as damage to the land. Therefore, instead of a “pit,” a finished container is buried in the ground or made from reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment station, where wastewater, in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber, is separated and processed by bacteria without access to oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and clarified wastewater undergoes additional treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that a full cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria occurs inside the septic tank to a level of 95-98%. This is an energy-dependent species, since forced air supply is necessary for the life of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in dacha conditions

Each type has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is still one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their “acid-base” balance. It is not subject to standards for the minimum distance from water sources, residential buildings and site boundaries - the wastewater is kept inside a sealed container for the entire period between pumping.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewer truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of operation without pumping can be increased if the wastewater is divided into gray and black, and the water drained from the shower stall, bathhouse and washbasin is drained into its own filter or drainage well.

Effluent from a storage septic tank without electricity must be pumped out periodically

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one housing or separated into separate containers. By correctly selecting the volume of chambers and their relationship to each other, the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment are regulated to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be discharged into soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are energy-independent. The entire liquid part of the wastewater is ultimately discharged into the ground. Containers are cleaned only of solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers during the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping can range from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of stay. This is the best option for a septic tank for a temporary residence without electricity (even when it is available). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow the installation to be carried out without violating the requirements of the regulations.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for location relative to water intake, reservoirs, residential buildings and site boundaries. In addition, when constructing filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated wastewater

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer design and installation services for sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

An aerobic septic tank, despite almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used for non-permanent residences. To create living conditions for microflora that process wastewater, a constant flow of air is required, which is ensured by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start a septic tank, a fairly large amount of work must be done to prepare the system.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of “fresh” wastewater containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, after startup it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning. That is, if they live at the dacha in the summer, then it should be turned on in the spring and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for use in winter if people live in a country house non-permanently, when people come here only on weekends.

For the life of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of wastewater is necessary - during long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, the wastewater is divided into fractions and clarified with the help of anaerobic bacteria; in the second, purification with aerobic bacteria occurs.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous option is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are energy-dependent models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for non-permanent residences.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for non-permanent residences, there must be a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Septic tanks made of polymers

If you choose among ready-made models, septic tanks are made of durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. These include low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filled with wastewater, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the thickness of the walls and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee a constant shape.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made using plastic containers.

Each type of polymer has its own disadvantages, but they are not fundamental. The main common feature is the low weight of the container. Even when full specific gravity the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg/m 3, and even near the ground bulk density not less than 1500 kg/m 3, not to mention the compacted state in natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank upward, especially if it is empty. When installing plastic septic tank, it must be secured to solid foundation as concrete slab. And on heavily heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is to fill it to 3/4 of the volume so that the walls can better withstand soil pressure and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not die out completely.

Video description

Biological sewage treatment stations for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for the winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the market metal septic tanks There are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production to order custom sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and containers for technical liquids, which are modified for storage septic tanks.

Unlike polymer ones, such containers have a large margin of safety: the minimum metal thickness is 4 mm, and for large-volume containers - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks at summer cottages, even with anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials when installing sewer systems for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They are different diameters and heights, which allow you to create a structure of optimal volume.

Advantages: high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated for by waterproofing the surface.

High-quality waterproofing is the key long work septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. In essence, it is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of several containers, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in every region there is construction organizations, specializing in such a turnkey service.

Selecting the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the larger it is, the less often you will have to call a machine to clean it. And if we divide the wastewater into black and gray, then a medium-sized tank will be enough for a “weekend” cottage for the entire season.

An example of dividing wastewater into “black” and “gray”

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the vehicle to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the dacha on the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the container - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewer machine guarantees pumping out sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the water consumption rate of 200 l/day and a factor of 3 (the number of days it takes to disinfect wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for the “volley” reset when guests arrive. This total volume is distributed between the chambers. For two-chamber septic tank(excluding the filter well) at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber one - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank for a non-permanent residence may seem, its installation should be done by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the complexity is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account as fully as possible the geological features of the site and the filtering abilities of the soil.

The times when you could simply use an outdoor toilet in dachas and country houses long gone. Modern hygienic requirements have increased significantly, and now it is necessary to strictly monitor safety when handling household waste. Good septic tanks help solve the problem, but in order not to make a mistake with your choice, you need to carefully study their nuances.

Peculiarities

Connection to centralized sewer systems is not possible everywhere. Disposing of sewage and household waste using a septic tank is much more practical and reliable than using a banal cesspool. Speaking about the advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks, it should be noted that only one circumstance can cause certain inconvenience. This is the need to pay a certain amount of money even if the device is made by hand.

The principle of operation of a storage type device is simple:

waste enters the container;
as it fills, they call a car with a pump and a sewage tank;
After some time, the emptied container is again ready to accept waste.

As for the second type of device, it works fundamentally differently. The simple accumulation of contaminants is replaced by their filtration, absorption and thorough neutralization. Complicating the design in this case is completely justified, since it allows the problem to be solved most effectively. When choosing products, it is recommended to take into account how many residents are in the house or can visit it. Also of no small importance is the type of plumbing equipment and the intensity of its work.

Regardless of the specific design, it is necessary to achieve a high level of wastewater purification so that it can be discharged into the ground without the threat of clogging. Usually the flow of sewage entering through sewer drain, is sent to the source chamber, where it is divided into fractions. This leads to the fact that the largest solid particles settle to the bottom, and the relatively fine suspension reaches the next chamber. Specially selected anaerobic microorganisms deal with them there. As a result of biological influence, fermentation occurs and methane begins to be released.

The passages to the septic tank compartments are covered with special devices (water seals). Thanks to this solution, the nuisance characteristic of simple cesspools and sedimentation tanks is eliminated - the spread of a bad odor everywhere.

The third chamber also plays a role, in which, using a filter of a special design, contaminants that have overcome the first two stages are captured. The filter is also assisted by aerobic bacteria that live freely in an oxygen environment. A similar device is typical for any septic tank, be it a Russian or imported product.

After delivery to the site, fully finished specimens are lowered into a pre-formed pit. Those wastewater that managed to go through three stages of purification are completely safe in chemical and biological terms. You can safely redirect them to the filtration field and into the soil. The treatment plant, which complies with SNiP standards, successfully operates even in the harshest climatic conditions. It is not afraid of severe frosts and snowstorms, and some versions do not depend on power supply at all.

If for some reason you are not satisfied with factory products or there is a desire to save money, land owners can make a septic tank themselves.

For this purpose, completely ready-made tanks are supplied, but with the difference that their installation will be carried out not by a team of specialists, but by the owners themselves. It is recommended to choose the strongest materials that can successfully withstand the aggressive effects of sewage waste. Before self-installation Drawings should be prepared for septic tanks to eliminate errors and omissions. Sometimes 3-6 concrete rings are enough to complete the task.

How to choose and make it yourself?

When working on an autonomous sewer system, there are no trifles, because even the slightest mistakes and shortcomings can lead to serious consequences. It is advisable to consider first choosing a finished product, and then constructing it with your own hands. In both cases, you need to take into account:

how much waste accumulates per day;
do they live in the house? all year round or only in the warm season;
the amount of plumbing used;
presence of groundwater and its height, chemical properties;
the amount that owners can allocate for the purchase of plumbing equipment;
characteristics of the soil on the site.

When assessing the properties of any septic tank, whether homemade or industrial, it is better to start analyzing them with the performance of the device. This parameter is closely related to the number of working chambers and their dimensions. Minor flows of wastewater can also be passed through single-chamber septic tanks with a preliminary cleaning unit. In this case, household waste will be cleaned quite effectively. But if the total flow is more than 1 cubic meter. m. in 24 hours, we need a more productive model.

In its design, such a device often looks like a simple storage tank, which is systematically cleaned with your own hands or by calling a sewage disposal truck. For permanently used houses such solutions are unacceptable. Active accumulation of waste will provoke significant costs for the services of vacuum cleaners. Increased operating efficiency is typical for biological purification complexes.

Anaerobic wastewater treatment methods inevitably generate gases that are hazardous to people. Therefore, you need to choose only kits with fun boner. When choosing suitable solution You also need to find out:

what body material will be optimal;
whether the tank should be placed horizontally or vertically in the soil;
How many cleaning chambers are required?

Simple installation of concrete settling tanks from blocks of standard dimensions or by pouring concrete into formwork is accessible to almost everyone. The use of ready-made elements allows you not to worry about problems with the quality of manufacturing parts, but it increases the cost of construction. To transport concrete rings, you need powerful transport, and they are installed using special lifting machines. Self-filling is more economical, but it will take significantly more time. The settling tank will need to be operated only after the cement mixture has completely set.

Reinforced concrete rings are difficult to seal, and their suitability for repair remains questionable. Such parts are very bulky and heavy in design. But concrete products are more resistant to soil pressure and ground water than plastic ones.

There's no need to choose budget septic tanks with metal tanks, because the savings will be illusory. It will be necessary to constantly treat the surface of the septic tank with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Metal blocks are preferred where it is necessary to create geometrically complex overflow pipe complexes. Welding is used to install metal septic tanks. Connections to plastic pipes are made using flange systems, complemented by rubber cuffs. The strength and significant heaviness of steel bodies helps to avoid being pushed out by water circulating in the soil. In many cases, plastic septic tanks are used for a cottage or a simple private house.

Plastic elements can be assembled manually, and the tightness of the connections created using the cuffs is completely guaranteed. There is no need for complex protection against various substances.

After installation, plastic tanks are filled with water, this will help equalize the pressure inside and outside.

Please note: the industry produces a number of products that are characterized by increased rigidity. This allows you to bury septic tanks in dry mode.

When choosing a device, you should also pay attention to how the drainage will be organized. Directing the liquid by gravity implies the need to lay pipes at an angle. The chambers of storage or filtration septic tanks are equipped with stable waterproofing or are made of materials impermeable to water. When building a cleaning system with your own hands, you need to add overflow pipes to the septic tanks, which transfer water to the filter section. The pipes must be supplemented with vertical segments continuously immersed in water.

As in self-production, and when purchasing a ready-made kit, different methods of final soil cleaning can be used. Widespread:

filtration wells with a layer of drainage material at the bottom;
tunnel infiltration devices;
underground cleaning “fields” where perforated pipes are laid.

Choose the right approach is not easy, because you have to take into account the required depth of wastewater treatment, soil category, height of soil water and their chemical aggressiveness. When one of the chambers is reserved for aerobic microscopic cleaning, it is supplemented with aerators, so you will have to take care of a stable power supply. An air pipe is laid between the parts of the septic tanks, compensating for the uneven pressure in them.

Regardless of the design features, you will have to make hatches for inspection and cleaning of containers.

Kinds

A septic tank for a dacha with 2-3 residents can be made according to the cesspool option; This is the most economical type in terms of water consumption. The container must be very durable, and the higher its capacity (within reasonable limits), the more practical the device is.

For permanent residence with a small amount of waste generated, it is preferable overflow systems. Such equipment produces partial waste treatment, and the tank will have to be emptied using special equipment on average once every two or three years. The soil filter fields that complement such septic tanks are made of rocks that are permeable to water.

The advantages of this solution are:

ease of service manipulations;
long intervals from one cleaning to another;
increasing the efficiency of waste use.

But septic tanks that have additional purification in the soil cannot be used in clay soil with insufficient permeability to liquid. In addition, such a design is incompatible with the high position of the first horizon. For a private home, in many cases, more powerful and advanced treatment plants are used. Overall performance is determined by the number of cameras; There is no need to make calculations when choosing a device; the number of residents served is written on the packaging.

An autonomous storage (non-volatile) septic tank is always cheaper than one dependent on the electrical network. It's not just about operating costs, but also about the necessary basic components. The lack of connection to the electrical network allows you not to equip the septic tank with pumps, compressor systems and fittings. But valves and hoses will be used in a specific case.

It is worth considering that if it is necessary to process waste as deeply as possible (for use or as prescribed by sanitary authorities), you will have to abandon energy-independent solutions completely.

The increased efficiency of devices connected to the electrical network results in the need to constantly maintain strictly specified conditions.

Volatile devices are best installed on a turnkey basis with the help of specialists. Sewerage for country houses can be common to several buildings. The discharge should be planned so that it is above the soil water horizon. The hatch of the simplest storage system rises 10-15 cm above the soil. To less often call the machine for pumping, you should choose a product with a capacity for a month and a reserve of at least 1/5.

Non-volatile complexes are selected in such a way that the full capacity allows the volume of wastewater to be absorbed in 72 hours and there is still a spare volume of approximately 30-40%. Normal operation of overflow-type devices implies that the liquid fills a maximum of ¾ of the entire cavity of the tank. Active devices are in any case equipped ventilation systems. In order for the system to operate without odor, the outlet must be located at a height of 300-500 cm. The tanks are cleaned of accumulated sludge every few months.

Local purification stations help reduce the intensity of bad odors as much as possible.

Compared with simple septic tanks, such devices are more expensive, since waste treatment is carried out not only by biological and mechanical methods. In addition to infiltrators, chemical treatment agents are also necessarily used. Such devices cannot be used for non-permanent areas. But the level of remaining contaminants is a maximum of 5% of the original value.

Clarified water can be used for:

irrigation of gardens, vegetable gardens and fields;
filling a landscape reservoir;
conducting construction and repair work.

When there is no need for such use of treated wastewater, it is allowed to pour it into natural reservoirs and various ditches. Sewage facilities can withstand several hours during a power outage, but no more. Therefore, it will be necessary to supplement the treatment plant with backup power systems, even if the energy networks in a particular area operate quite reliably.

In any case, the fewer seams in a volatile or autonomous septic tank, the more efficient and sustainable it works.

Material

Polyethylene structures do not have seams at all, so cracking and leaks are excluded. Synthetic material does not rot and is not prone to corrosion. Multilayer polyethylene works stably even in frosts of 30 degrees. Fiberglass blocks are considered no less high quality. They are stronger than polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, but the overall cost is much higher. Plastic is used mainly for commercial properties or for several private homes at once. Many fiberglass structures can meet the needs of up to 200 residents at a time.
Metal products (almost always steel) usually have two parts. The internal volume of the welded body contains an additional plastic tank. Even the best steel is rarely used on its own because it can easily lose its seal, and if the outer layer is damaged, corrosion will quickly develop.
Combined devices (metal + plastic) can have up to four sectors for sequential cleaning of incoming wastewater.

Depending on the designers’ decisions, the walls are made either continuous with special holes or with overflow projections. Brick blocks They are popular largely because waste material can be used in their construction. In this case, ensuring the tightness of the walls poses a serious problem. Building stone initially has many cracks and gaps. To cover these holes, special sealants or penetrating mastics are usually used. Brick septic tanks are beneficial for economic reasons; complex machines or professional skills are not required when working on them. Single brick masonry is allowed. A more reliable solution is to choose a structure made of concrete; they are very durable. But there is also a weak point - the need for complex equipment.

For the manufacture of a septic tank, it is allowed to use both monolithic and prefabricated concrete. Monolithic elements must be poured into the formwork after preparing the pit. As with the use of bricks, the tightness of the joints must be assessed as carefully as possible.

Metal structures are used least often because negative qualities the positives almost always outweigh.

Analyzing the properties of various solutions, most experts give preference to plastic septic tanks.

Returning to fiberglass, we can also name such advantages as:

service life up to 50 years;
resistance to extreme cold and putrefactive processes;
immunity to rodent attacks;
the ability to pump out all waste in 60 minutes;
the ability to use salvo discharges of a significant amount of wastewater;
protection from foreign objects;
Suitable for winter preservation without special preparation.

As for the use of other available materials, such steps are not approved by professionals. They can only be used in small dachas that are visited only occasionally. Barrels, tires, old tanks, and the like are used as storage devices of this kind. A surface septic tank should be installed where a lot of soil water is concentrated, and near the very surface of the soil. If these problems do not exist, it is recommended to use underground options.

Dimensions

It is important to take into account not only the properties of individual materials, but also the size of septic tanks. When calculating dimensions, we must not forget that the volume is calculated as the total volume of all component parts; it is calculated from the bottom to the pipe entry. In the first compartment, the count is carried out from the bottom point to the overflow device, in the final one - to the place where the liquid is discharged into drainage or filtration structures. It is worth considering that in the initial chambers the average volume of solid accumulation reaches 1/5 of the height. Therefore, it is subtracted if they want to know only the space where the liquid is located.

According to building codes and regulations, even for miniseptic tanks, the daily volume of water per user is 200 liters or 0.2 m3. The smallest storage facility is designed to operate without draining for 72 hours, this allows you to compensate for various incidents and problems. When designing or choosing a solution, it should be remembered that water can be discharged into the soil layers after at least 14 days. Only under this condition will anaerobic bacteria and a settling tank be able to completely neutralize liquid waste. Formally, it turns out that for one person you will have to install a tank with a capacity of 2.8 cubic meters. m.

In practice the situation is different; The standard consumption of the standard volume of water is rarely achieved; sometimes it is half as much. This happens in rarely used houses or among frugal people. And the rising cost of water resources forces us to conserve them more and more. The problem is that when small-volume septic tanks are discovered, sanitary authorities may issue orders for the installation of more powerful systems. And they will be completely right even from a purely practical position!

The reason is simple - wastewater contains many substances that are poorly processed or not absorbed by bacteria at all. Most often these are heavy fats, and therefore only the intake of a large amount of water can achieve normal lightening. This is important not only for compliance hygiene requirements, but also to keep the equipment safe and sound. If the filter elements and layers are overfilled with substances that are difficult to decompose, they will lose throughput. We will immediately have to redo the entire storage and filtering infrastructure.

On the other hand, you need to choose the volume of the chamber, focusing on the capacity of the sewage transport tanks. Small cleaning tanks arriving on call can take no more than 3.75 cubic meters. m. liquid. It is also worth thinking about the depth at which the sludge pump can operate; it does not exceed 3 m. These moments determine the linear parameters of the septic tank inlet chamber. In order for sedimentation and microbiological improvement to occur more effectively, it is recommended to use at least two-chamber complexes whenever possible.

The standardized height of the rings is 90 cm, and with an internal diameter of 1000 mm their volume is 0.7 m3. If the diameter increases by 1.5 times, the volume of the rings already reaches 1.59 m3, and two-meter structures have a volume of 2.83 cubic meters. m. Regarding deepening drain pipes at the entrance to the septic tank, it can be quite different. Excessive lowering is undesirable; it is better to strengthen the insulation layer. But there are other considerations, such as the need to hold the pipes firmly enough.

Removing septic tanks from houses more than 10 m is impractical, and the minimum pipeline slope is 3%. This indicator allows you to avoid freezing of pipes and reduce the risk of them filling with solid particles. The average depth of the waste pipeline reaches 50 cm (together with the insulating block). As a result, the depth of the overflow between the first and second compartments is 700 mm. The top insulation is made with EPS boards at least 5 cm thick.

Taking two meter rings, you can achieve a typical volume of 2.7 m3 with a pair of compartments. If you take concrete products one and a half times larger in size, you can get by with a single-chamber design. But as already mentioned, one should not pursue simplicity here. It should be taken into account that each pipe introduced into the septic tank must end with fittings pointing downwards. Tees that are open to the top are also used (this helps reduce debris buildup).

Colors

The color of the septic tank can be very different, but in any case you should avoid flashy and irritating shades. Concrete blocks look good on their own. It is recommended to use blue, white or black tones for optimal appearance. The paint for any septic tank must be resistant to harmful wastewater and damage from moving soils. Any most durable and stable composition will be suitable for solving this problem.

Manufacturers and reviews

The production of septic tanks is being improved year after year. Modern technologies allow us to solve any given problem. The leading positions in various ratings are occupied by:

"Topaz";
"Mole";
"Tank";
"Triton";
"Cedar";
"Ecoline".

Version "Tank" designed to combine mechanical and biological methods for clarification of domestic wastewater. The very first fragment of the septic tank is a settling tank; the initially purified liquid moves to the next chamber. There, auxiliary settling occurs and suspended particles precipitate. The third block of the “Tank” contains beneficial microorganisms - this increases efficiency, but also increases the volume of the device.

The Triton brand has such competitive advantages as:

low cost;
the ability (with the help of infiltrators) to leave only 2% dirt in the water;
acquisition of models with a variety of practical properties;
complete exclusion of unpleasant odors;
strict compliance with sanitary standards;
long period of operation in normal mode.

Problems may be associated with the lack of an infiltrator or aeration fields. If there are no such possibilities, the efficiency of the septic tank turns out to be insufficient, and it will not cope with a significant increase in the flow of sewage. Design "Topaz" It is excellently economical and works through aeration and the use of microorganisms. In normal mode, it is possible to purify the liquid by 98%. The developers took care of solid tightness and excellent anti-corrosion characteristics.

To install Topaz, you will have to prepare the pit carefully. A good recess must have special stiffening ribs, this ensures zero risk of deformation. The first compartment is capable of separating solid matter from the wastewater, only then the mixture is purified using oxygen. Purified water can be used in a wide variety of ways. But Topaz is highly dependent on electrical energy.

Firm "DSK" tried to make a three-chamber product, where two segments become settling tanks, and the third is equipped with a biological filter. Decomposed and clarified sewage moves into the soil filter layer.

Company "Unilos" focused on increasing the mechanical strength of its products by creating stiffeners on them and using molecular welding. The design of devices of this brand allows you to do without moving parts. The carefully designed 20mm thick wall easily resists soil pressure. The wastewater flows successively through a primary settling tank, an aerobic plant and a secondary settling tank. The release of water from pollutants by 95% allows it to be used for watering agricultural plants. The disadvantages of the system are dependence on the power grid and instability in the cold. In addition, such blocks are very expensive.

Septic tanks "Ecoline" According to the manufacturer, they are the best choice for summer seasonal use. At correct installation Their regular use is allowed. The system has only two cameras that do not have electrical components. The entrance chamber is much larger than the exit chamber, which is responsible for gravitational brightening. Additional purification is carried out in the soil.

The cost-effectiveness of Ecoline does not allow us to consider their septic tanks as the optimal solution. The fact is that the amount of remaining contaminants is as much as 40%. In addition, it will not be possible to use such systems in places with high soil water levels. Without enhanced cleaning by other means, there is a high probability of contamination of soil horizons with microorganisms. Equipment of the Kedr brand certainly requires cleaning with special equipment.

At the inlet, primary filtration is carried out, and the water cleared of sediment passes into the second block, where it is clarified deeper. Then the flow moves up and down, reaching the fixed microflora. The final compartment is responsible for the accumulation of waste.

Finnish manufacturers Uponor and Green Rock deliver products of excellent quality and excellent reliability. Highest performance genuine Scandinavian goods, unlike fakes, are not allowed to be sold cheaply.

Uponor's selection has three main subtypes.

Products "Sako" They are distinguished by partial sedimentation of sewage and autonomy. A filtration section in the soil must be completed, otherwise the surrounding area will be a very unpleasant place.

For dachas you can also place products from the series "Bio"(with enhanced chemical and microbiological water purification). Perfectionists will be pleased with Bio Clean products, which are very compact and easy to use.
"Green Rock" supplies only septic tanks with multi-stage treatment. All equipment of this brand combines the efforts of special reagents and microflora. This technique allows you to develop a local sewer system from scratch and significantly improve the existing one.

The Bio device requires periodic disposal of used filter blocks and special reagents and replacing them with fresh portions. Products from the Sako group do not resist cold well enough. In the most northern regions you will either need to install insulation or choose equipment that is more stable for winter.

Finnish goods are made using seamless technology. This is much more reliable than the Russian approach, which involves connecting prefabricated parts.

Successful examples and options

In addition to choosing the appropriate brands and models of septic tanks, you need to pay attention to the components that complement the cleaning system. The use of devices with a biofilter (colonies of anaerobic organisms) allows you to do without connecting to the electrical network. Microbes can get the energy they need by breaking down organic matter without oxygen. Carbohydrates and various amino acids contained in sewage are broken down into low-molecular compounds that are safe for the natural environment. An anaerobic biological filter is made as a plastic container, divided into fragments of a certain type.

A biological cleaner must contain inert material with a large specific area, allowing to combine the development of microbial colonies and additional mechanical filtration. Organic matter breaks down when passing through the biofilter into simple soluble substances and sludge deposits. The sludge will have to be removed, but in many cases it is used as fertilizer.

Typical fillers:

expanded clay;
plastic brushes or meshes;
granular polymers of a strictly defined fraction.

Typically, the distribution of microbes in biological filters is made uniform over the surface, and if their supply is replenished in a timely manner, it will be possible to ensure stable operation throughout the year. Such filtering does not require any complex technical skills to operate. The systems operate for a long time and odors do not penetrate outside. Safety is completely guaranteed.

In addition to organic filtration means, septic tanks are often equipped with a grease trap. In gravity drains, fatty deposits become a serious hazard and increase the likelihood of blockages and blockages. Grease traps must be installed at production facilities and in places where many people live. Private homeowners do not have such regulations, but it is better to protect your system in advance before problems arise. The design and operating principle are quite simple.

When water penetrates the inlet pipes, the first chamber begins to fill. As this filling occurs, fat particles rise to the top because they are lighter than water. Next, the fat reaches a special tray, where it gradually accumulates. The liquid released from it moves to another compartment, which ensures the residual breakdown of fats. For this purpose, the most powerful and effective methods, and when the equipment finishes working, the water flows into the sewer.

The first sector is saturated with water-insoluble particles. Therefore, the grease trap will need to be removed, washed and cleaned regularly. Industrial devices are easier to clean; there are special drainage pumps or shut-off valves at the bottom. Placing a coarse delay filter in front of it helps reduce the likelihood of early contamination of the catching mechanism. Trappers are used most effectively; if the fat is heated more than the water, then it will dissolve in it and float.

Waste separation is sometimes carried out using a physical-chemical method. The essence is the use of special reagents capable of binding single particles into large collections. Such agglomerates can be more easily removed from the liquid by mechanical filters. But even with precipitation cleaning in special chambers or settling tanks, chemical pre-treatment helps improve the result. The flotation method involves the use of special compressors that supply air bubbles to the cleaning chambers.

Fats, in contact with air bubbles, form special films. The bubbles go to the top. This technique works best with significant heating of wastewater, in which the fat is practically dissolved. The mechanical technique consists of using special membranes with finely dispersed cells. The pace of work turns out to be too slow, the filter quickly becomes dirty due to the strong influx of fats.

But the overall efficiency of fat extraction will be very high. The solution is suitable for filtering wastewater regardless of its temperature and degree of dissolution. The coalescent approach relies on the ability of fats to be drawn into specific structures and settle. The emulsified fat in the filter chamber, subject to gravity and surface tension, collects on the surface. In this place mechanical devices(manual or automatic) can assemble it.

There is another approach - the use of centrifuges. Differences in the molecular weight of water and fats cause different moments of inertia. Therefore, during rotation in the centrifuge, separation of various substances occurs. The body of any grease trap is sealed, but it can always be disassembled. Inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the device.

The lid is made in a removable or opening version, this allows you to:

maintain the system;
remove fat;
evaluate the performance of the system.

The housings are divided into at least two segments, which allow you to receive wastewater, filter it and discharge clean liquid into the waste pipe. Regardless of the design solution, mechanical filtration, an intake apparatus and a liquid level indicator are used. Manual collection of accumulated contaminants is practical for a private home, where high productivity is not needed anyway.

Plastic grease traps are used when it is necessary to neutralize a small amount of wastewater, and therefore they are ideal for domestic purposes. Perfect environmental safety and ease of maintenance allow you not to encounter problems.

Molding and molding of plastics produces a wide range of different shapes. The attachment is made to the pipe itself (in a compact version). For maximum efficiency, free-standing devices are well suited; they are easy and comfortable to use. In addition, in autonomous devices the capacity of the dirt compartment is larger. Fiberglass products are similar to simple plastic ones in their structural diversity.

The susceptibility of fiberglass to all the main reagents found in everyday life and in waste water is very low. The special composition does not affect the lightness, but the rigidity to mechanical damage is very high. Stainless steel grease traps are considered the most durable and stable, effectively resisting chemical and physical destroyers. This technique is mainly in demand in the industrial sector because it tolerates strong heat well. Disadvantage - it is impossible to make a steel grease trap with streamlined contours or with a non-standard configuration; the fees for metal appliances are higher than for other options.

There is one more question - is it worth choosing a two-chamber or single-chamber septic tank. Not a single such device is capable of working on its own; additional cleaning in the ground is required. These are precisely the instructions of the building codes and regulations adopted in the Russian Federation. Septic tanks perform mechanical cleaning of sludge, ferment the sludge itself, and turn it into a mineral composition suitable for fertilizing farmland. The water will definitely be purified as necessary either in one or in several chambers.

But handling sludge is a more delicate matter. In a single section, sedimentation of suspension occurs non-uniformly; closer to the entrance, this process is more intense. When the septic tank is divided into several sectors, this allows you to collect the key mass of the substance in the very first compartment. This will prevent water clogging in subsequent parts and simplify the cleaning process. In addition, the environmental characteristics of the final flow will be the best.

The more sections there are, the more gentle the operating mode of the filter well, underground filtration fields and cleaning trenches will be.

It is almost impossible to clean soil filter systems; you will have to spend a lot of money to update them. Therefore, the increase in the complexity of the septic tank has a positive effect on the convenience and comfort of consumers. It is important to take into account that septic tank equipment with microbiological cleaning forces you to use only detergents that are safe for microorganisms. In addition, at temperatures of 4 degrees and below, microbial activity is zero, and therefore the cleaning efficiency drops sharply.

When choosing the point where the treatment plant will be installed, a number of sanitary restrictions must be taken into account.

They should not be brought closer than 5 m to the foundations of a residential building. The gap to the foundations of non-residential buildings and their ground structures is at least 1 m.
Distance to a well or a replacement well drilled in clay soil, is at least 20 m. If the ground is composed of sandy rocks, this gap increases to 50 m.
You can bring the septic tank closer to the road at most 5 m, and there should be at least 100 cm to any type of fence.

It is very important to prepare the place in such a way that a car with a pump can drive there. As an option, it is practiced to equip the container fecal pump. The sludge extracted from the outside can be used as garden and garden fertilizer. A capacity of 150-200 liters for each resident allows you to confidently use bathrooms and toilets, a washing machine, and wash dishes.

The gap from the cover to the wastewater surface should be the same as the depth of soil freezing. The entire calculated volume must be placed below this mark. The higher the temperature, the better the sewage will be processed by microbes. Geometric shape The septic tank is not particularly important; it is not reflected in the level of operational efficiency and quality of wastewater treatment. But there is another consideration - round equipment allows you to save construction materials.

When using brick, a rounded structure will help to use 10-15% fewer blocks. Rounding allows you to better tolerate the load that occurs when the soil moves. It is advisable to make monolithic two-chamber systems in the form of a square or rectangle. Such forms make it easier to obtain formwork where concrete needs to be poured. Filled elements can be made with your own hands, and it is only slightly more expensive than simple brick elements.

When board panels are placed on both sides, the pits must be made 0.4 - 0.5 m wider than the size of the tank (including the walls). If you plan to pour the solution into the gaps between the soil and formwork, digging a pit is carried out according to the external dimensions of the septic tank. When calculating the cost of work, you need to take into account the fee for removing the extracted soil. It is quite possible to get by with planar reinforcement. But bulk reinforcing frames will be completely redundant for a septic tank; they will only complicate installation and increase its cost.

To learn how to make a septic tank at your dacha with your own hands, see below.

Septic tank for a private house. Septic tank for a private house price.

A septic tank for a private house is an indispensable condition comfortable living, since only such a completely autonomous treatment system allows you to effectively remove wastewater where there is no possibility of connecting to a central sewerage system. Having installed a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is quite reasonable, the owners forget about the outdoor toilet and buckets of water, like a bad dream. Care and maintenance septic tank for home does not require much effort, and the installation cost pays off very quickly.

Septic tank selection calculator

Main parameters:

Number of residents

Pipe depth

Discharging water from a septic tank

Accommodation

Soil type

High ground level. water

Plumbing:

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How to choose a septic tank for a private house.

Each septic tank for a private home must effectively fulfill the most main function– make wastewater safe for residents of the house and surrounding area. At the same time, such an installation also helps to significantly save on utility bills.

Before choosing the most suitable and efficient septic tank for a private home, some factors must be taken into account:

The number of people living in the house.

The volume of wastewater entering the system and the number of sources requiring maintenance (sinks, toilets, showers, bathtubs, washing machines, dishwashers).

The material from which the septic tank for a private home is made.

Features of the soil on the site and the terrain.

The presence of a nearby reservoir where excess water can be removed.

Septic tank performance.

If you choose a modern, highly efficient septic tank for a private home, then the best option would be a concrete type of treatment plant. Such a septic tank is not subject to temperature changes and is resistant to soil pressure. Concrete septic tank for a private home, you can do it yourself or by contacting a professional company with experienced specialists. It is a structure made of concrete rings that are connected to each other by reinforcement. Such a system is suitable for organizing a storage or settling local sewer system, and would be a good choice for a house where people permanently live.

An excellent option would be to buy a septic tank for a private house made of plastic. These are ready-made structures in the form of plastic containers, which are excellent for any type of soil, have a long service life and are easy to maintain. Treatment stations provide a deeper degree of purification than concrete structures, but the price of a septic tank for a private house of this type will be higher.

Today, a fully autonomous septic tank for a private home is the most popular option. It uses forced multi-stage filtration, which ultimately purifies the water up to 95-98%. The combined cleaning method (biological and mechanical) guarantees safety for the environment and the health of people living in the house.

It is best to buy a septic tank for a private home from a company that officially cooperates with the manufacturer and offers a full range of services for installation of a treatment station, startup and maintenance. A professional company provides a guarantee for all work performed and installs equipment in accordance with all rules of SNiP and sanitary epidemiology.

Detailed video on installing a septic tank for a private home.

Pumping septic tank for a private house.

If you decide to install a pump-out septic tank for a private home, then be prepared for the fact that it needs to be cleaned regularly. You can do this yourself or with the help of specialized companies.

1. Manual cleaning requires a lot of time and effort, and will require solving the problem of waste disposal.

2. Mechanical pumping involves the use of special powerful pumps and equipment for waste removal. A septic tank for a private home also requires complete cleaning of the pipeline, dilution of activated sludge, and disinfection. All these services are not cheap, but they compensate for the cost of time and nerves and guarantee high quality cleaning of the system.

3. An automatic septic tank for a private house, the price of which is higher than the cost of a concrete one, can be equipped with a pumping function. It is equipped with filters that self-clean several times a month. However, here it is necessary to monitor the number of bacteria, since they are washed off along with the liquid into the sewer.

There is no universal answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a private home. For each individual case you need to select best option model and take into account the number of residents, volumes of wastewater, soil characteristics and climate in the area. Domestic producers Septic tanks offer a wide range of models that vary in performance, design and cost. Therefore, before you buy a septic tank for a private home, you should consult with experienced specialists.

If you are looking for an effective septic tank for a private home, the price of which is affordable, then here is a rating of the best options:

Treatment plant Topol.

Cleaning system Topas.

Autonomous station Termit.

Septic tank for a private house Ecoline.

The list goes on because Russian manufacturers regularly improve their products and offer new high-quality products to the market.

Installation of a septic tank for a private house.

A septic tank for a private house should be located no closer than 5 meters from a residential building. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank for a private home, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the further it is from the house, the more it will be required sewer pipes and the higher the final cost of the work will be. To install a septic tank for a private home, you need special tools and equipment, sand and cement, and insulation for pipes. The process itself consists of 4 main stages:

1. A pit is dug for the septic tank and ditches for the pipeline.

2. The septic tank is placed in the pit using technology.

3. A pipeline with a slope of 1-2 cm per 1 is mounted and connected linear meter pipes.

4. The entire structure is filled with a mixture of sand and cement 5:1 and compacted.

Thus, you can install a septic tank for a private home yourself, but it is better to entrust this complex work to professionals in order to be guaranteed to receive a perfectly functioning system for wastewater treatment.