In order to in the cold winter period provide in living quarters the necessary conditions for living, we need a system that would help maintain the necessary temperature regime. The heating system is the most successful engineering solution to this problem. The heating system will help maintain comfortable conditions in the house throughout the cold period, but you should know what heating systems are available in modern times.
Heating systems may vary depending on different criteria. There are such main types of heating systems as: air heating, electric heating, water heating, water heated floors, and others. Undoubtedly important issue is choosing the type of heating system for your home. The classification of heating systems includes many types. Let's look at the main ones, and also compare types of fuel for heating.
Water heating
Among the entire classification of heating systems, water heating is the most popular. Technical advantages Such heating were identified as a result of many years of practice.
Undoubtedly, when asked what types of heating there are, it is water heating that first comes to mind. Water heating has such advantages as:
- Not very high surface temperature of various devices and pipes;
- Provides the same temperature in all rooms;
- Fuel is saved;
- Increased service life;
- Quiet operation;
- Easy to maintain and repair.
The main component of a water heating system is the boiler. Such a device is necessary to heat water. Water is the coolant in this type of heating. It circulates through closed pipes, and then the heat is transferred to various heating components, and from them the entire room is heated.
Most simple option is circulation natural type. This circulation is achieved due to the fact that different pressures are observed in the circuit. However, such circulation can also be of a forced nature. For such circulation, water heating options must be equipped with one or more pumps.
After the coolant passes through the entire heating circuit, it is completely cooled and returned back to the boiler. Here it heats up again and thus allows the heating devices to produce heat again.
Classification of water heating systems
Water heating type may vary according to criteria such as:
- water circulation method;
- location of distribution lines;
- structural features of risers and the diagram according to which all heating devices are connected.
The most popular is the heating system, where water circulation occurs through a pump. Heating with natural water circulation has recently been used extremely rarely.
In a pump heating system, heating of the coolant can also take place thanks to a hot water boiler room, or thermal water that comes from a thermal power plant. In a heating system, water can even be heated by steam.
A direct-flow connection is used when the system can supply water with a very high temperature. Such a system will not cost as much, and the metal consumption will be somewhat less.
The disadvantage of direct-flow connection is the dependence thermal regime on the “impersonal” temperature of the coolant in the external type supply heat water.
Air heating
These types of heating various rooms are considered one of the oldest. First similar system used even before our era. Today, such a heating system has become widespread - both in public buildings and industrial premises.
Heated air is also popular for heating buildings. When recirculated, such air can be supplied to a room, where the process of mixing with indoor air occurs and, thus, the air is cooled to room temperature and heated again.
Air heating can be local, if the building does not have a central supply ventilation, or if the amount of air supplied is less than necessary.
In air heating systems, the air is heated by air heaters. The primary heater for such components is hot steam or water. In order to warm the air in the room, you can use other heating devices or any heat sources.
Local air heating
When asked what kind of heating there is, local heating is often equated only to production premises. Local heating devices are used for rooms that are used only during certain periods, in rooms of an auxiliary nature, in rooms that communicate with external air flows.
The main devices of the local heating system are a fan and a heating device. For air heating, devices and devices can be used such as: air heating devices, heat fans or heat guns. Such devices operate on the principle of air recirculation.
Central air heating is done in premises of any plan, if the building has central system ventilation. These types of heating systems can be organized into three various schemes: with direct-flow recirculation, with partial or complete recirculation. Full air recirculation can be used mainly during non-working hours for standby types of heating, or to heat the room before the start of the working day.
However, heating according to such a scheme can take place if it does not contradict any rules fire safety or basic hygiene requirements. For such a heating scheme, a supply ventilation system should be used, but the air will be taken not from the street, but from those rooms that are heated. The central air heating system uses the following: structural types heating devices such as radiators, fans, filters, air ducts and other devices.
Air curtains
Cold air can come in in large quantities from the street if the house is opened too often. entrance doors. If you do not do anything to limit the amount of cold air that enters the room, or do not heat it, then it can negatively affect the temperature regime, which should correspond to the norm. To prevent this problem, you can create an air curtain in an open doorway.
At the entrances of residential or office buildings, you can install a low-rise air-thermal curtain.
Limiting the amount of cold air entering from outside the building takes place thanks to design changes in the entrance to the room.
Compact air-thermal curtains have become increasingly popular lately. The most effective curtains are considered to be “shielding” type curtains. Such curtains create a jet air barrier that will protect the open doorway from the penetration of cold air flow. As a comparison of heating types shows, such a curtain can reduce heat loss by almost half.
Electric heating
Heating of the room occurs due to the distribution of air passing through dashboard without its front side heating up. This will completely protect against various burns and prevent any fire.
Electric convectors can heat any type of room, even if you only have one source of energy, such as electricity.
These types of building heating systems do not require large expenses for installation or repair, and they can provide maximum comfort. An electric convector can simply be placed in a certain place and connected to the mains power supply. When choosing a heating system, you can pay attention to this type - it is quite effective.
Operating principle
The cold air, which is at the bottom of the building, passes through the heating component of the convector. Then its volume increases and it goes up through the output grids. The heating effect also occurs due to additional heat radiation from the front side of the electric convector panel.
The level of comfort and efficiency of such a heating system is achieved due to the fact that electric convectors use electronic system, which helps maintain a certain temperature. You just need to set the required temperature indicator and the sensor, which is installed in the lower area of the panel, will begin to determine the temperature of the air that enters the room after a specified period of time. The sensor will send a signal to the thermostat, which in turn will turn on or turn off the heating element. Through such a system to maintain a certain temperature, which will make it possible to connect electric convectors in different rooms, in order to heat an entire building.
Which system is better
Of course, the question of which heating system is better is inappropriate, since one or another system is effective under certain conditions. Comparisons of heating systems should be made taking into account all their pros and cons, focusing on installation conditions and your own capabilities.
Having considered what heating systems exist, you can draw certain conclusions for yourself. But in general, the best option will consult with professionals.
With the arrival of the cold season, most owners country cottages or small country houses, a question arises related to effective and at the same time economical heating all areas of your home.
This article will cover different types heating systems for a private home with all the advantages and disadvantages. Based on the material considered, it will be possible to make the right decision regarding the optimal choice of the one that will be most appropriate for certain living conditions.
Before delving into all the intricacies of each heating system, it is worth paying attention to features decent option for high-quality heating of the house. These must include:
— reliability;
- efficiency;
— compactness;
- availability.
In each individual case it is worth weighing all the positive and negative sides all types of heating in order to ultimately make the right decision.
Types of heating systems for a private home
To heat all rooms of the house, as a rule, the following systems are used:
1) operating by transferring thermal energy through preheated air (it is supplied through specially equipped channels directly to each room, bath, kitchen, etc.);
2) creating comfortable living conditions through the use of electrical heating devices or devices designed to convert electricity into heat;
3) providing high-quality heating of the house thanks to the coolant circulating in them (ordinary or distilled water or antifreeze is used).
Can be built stove heating or build a fireplace, but for proper arrangement For such buildings, you need to have certain skills in order not only to carry out work related to masonry, but also to correctly calculate all the distances between structural elements. As a rule, few people can do this on their own. But even if the house has a stove or fireplace, such heating will not be effective, since it can only be used to heat those rooms in which such heat sources are located. In other places of the house, for example, in the bathroom, it will always be cold. For this reason, consideration of this option may be overlooked.
Read also: How to choose the right bathroom sink? Types of sinks by shape, appearance and functionality, by material of manufacture
Why bother when choosing the right heating? Priority should be given to the most affordable type of fuel. For example, if there is a gas main nearby, then you won’t have to ask additional questions. All you need is:
— complete all documents necessary for connection;
— purchase pipes, gas meter, etc.;
— carry out work related to digging a trench (if the gas pipeline has to be laid underground);
- connect a heating boiler running on this type of fuel and connect pipes and batteries to it.
If there is a lot of firewood nearby (we are talking about rural areas), then you can purchase a solid fuel boiler, etc.
But there are times when several types of fuel may be available at once. What to do then? The right decision there will be a choice of a heating system operating on the most economical option.
Air heating
Its essence is as follows. Passing through a heater or heat exchanger, fresh air is heated to the required temperature, after which it is supplied to each room of the house through specially installed channels.
Advantages of air heating:
— Efficiency can reach 90%;
— quick heating of all rooms, kitchen, bathroom, etc.;
— impossibility of pipeline breakthroughs due to the lack of coolant.
Disadvantages of air heating:
— weak heat transfer;
— high cost of arrangement;
— an additional room needs to be equipped for a heat source.
This type of heating is suitable for periodic use (for example, in the country). If you use it to constantly heat the house, this will be fraught with large costs.
Read also: How to carry out communications in the house with your own hands
Heating a private house with electricity
It can be either primary or additional. Heating occurs due to the conversion of electrical energy into a thermal component using tubular or spiral-type electric heaters.
Heating with electricity advantages:
— ease of installation;
— the ability to transport heaters from one room to another;
— ease of operation.
Heating with electricity disadvantages:
- high costs for heating premises due to the high cost of electricity;
- need for fresh portions clean air due to the combustion of oxygen inside the building by devices of this type (the premises must be frequently ventilated);
— inability to complete assigned tasks in the absence of power supply or frequent interruptions.
Heating country house with the help of heating devices powered by electrical energy, can be justified in very small buildings with good insulation floors, facades and ceilings or as additional heating for large houses.
Use of coolant
Most often, such systems are used for high-quality and complete heating. country houses, regardless of their size. Closed systems are most often installed. To properly equip them, you will need the following devices, instruments and materials:
1) gas or electric, or solid fuel (or liquid fuel) boiler;
2) heating devices (radiators, radiators, etc.) connected to the system using pipes of appropriate diameters;
3) pipes, thanks to which the process of supplying heated coolant from the boiler to the batteries and back is carried out;
4) circulation pump with the characteristics necessary for trouble-free operation of the entire system, regardless of the number of floors of the building;
5) closed expansion tank etc.
Using coolant advantages:
- this type of heating can be equipped with your own hands;
— cost savings when using plain water;
— in closed circuits there is practically no need for constant replenishment of a fresh portion of the coolant, since it does not evaporate as it does in systems with an open-type expansion tank.
A private house has always been the dream of every citizen of our country. All the advantages of this type of housing over apartment buildings can be listed for a very long time. The owner of a private house has much greater opportunities to optimize the cost of maintaining housing due to its autonomy.
Using modern energy-saving technologies, building materials and complex heating systems, it is theoretically possible to reduce such costs to a very insignificant amount.
The modern market offers consumers many types of heating systems for private homes, from traditional to advanced technology products. They are becoming increasingly popular.
You can use any one type of heating system that is most suitable for a private home. Factors to consider include: climate zone in which the house is located, the composition of materials used in the construction of the building, economic expediency and many other reasons.
Very effective way Heating a home can be a combination of using several types of heating systems.
The most widespread water heating.
Advantages
- You can use one or more heat sources. According to physical parameters, water tolerates well thermal energy. Heating devices, such as radiators, give off this heat, heating the air in the room.
- Versatility in fuel use. There are many ways to heat water. You can heat the premises with wood or coal, purchase a liquid fuel boiler, supply natural gas. Finally, it is possible to heat water using boilers that run on electricity.
- Availability of materials and wide selection of products. Easily selects the most suitable option heating appliances (cast iron radiators, modern bimetallic radiators, convectors and other devices). Big choice pipes from various materials(iron, copper, polypropylene, metal-plastic, etc.) will allow you to create a heating system that suits any budget.
Water heating can be connected either from centralized networks or performed autonomously. According to the design of the water heating system, there are:
a) Single-pipe. Radiators are connected in series.
b) Two-pipe. In this case, the radiators are powered in parallel between the supply and return lines.
c) Collector or otherwise. All heating devices are powered from a common distributor called a manifold.
Flaws
The disadvantages of water heating are also well known. This is a high susceptibility to corrosion and oxidation processes, uneven heating of radiators in some cases, and fairly large losses during heat transportation. In emergency situations, a coolant leak may occur.
Also, such a system requires compliance with the temperature regime. At sub-zero temperatures, it is necessary to completely drain the coolant from the networks to prevent them from freezing.
Air heating
This type of heating system for a private home deserves attention due to its versatility. The air heated in the heat exchangers can be supplied either separate room, and throughout the building.
With air heating, the house warms up very quickly and becomes suitable for comfortable living. Before the advent and introduction of water heating, heating with hot air supplied through air ducts was widely used in our country. It has proven to be most effective when used in buildings with large living areas.
Advantages of using air heating:
- Cost-effective and efficient heat delivery. Absent intermediate carrier(remember, its role in water heating is played by water or another liquid), no additional heating devices are needed.
- Easy and quick start-up. Such heating cannot leak, flood an expensive interior, or freeze.
- High efficiency and durability. With proper maintenance emergency situations kept to a minimum. Equipment air heating serves reliably for decades.
- High level of integration with ventilation systems, which has a positive effect on reducing the cost of work and materials, as well as the simplicity and environmental benefits of installation.
Electricity
It is worth mentioning separately electrical form heating. The word “electricity” itself has firmly entered our everyday life. The world's electricity use is approaching one hundred percent.
Therefore, as an option, you can use heating systems that run entirely on electricity. In some cases, it may be advisable to install, for example, electric floor heating, heated towel rails in bathrooms, and small radiators.
However, electricity is constantly rising in price, and this factor must be taken into account when installing electric heating devices rationally. It is also especially important to observe electrical safety measures and install such equipment with the help of qualified specialists.
Alternative heating options
With the constant increase in energy prices, they are steadily advancing alternativetypes of heating systems for a private house. Of course, they cannot fully replace traditional ways heating a private home, but can significantly reduce costs.
In regions where the number of sunny days is quite large, it is increasingly possible to see them installed on the roofs of country and private houses. solar panels. Sunlight is an inexhaustible source of energy, and allows you to use converted electricity for many years.
Electricity, in turn, is used as power for heating heating elements. The only drawback of this type of energy production is the high cost of the elements, but over time the costs pay off.
Solar energy can also be “canned” and used using solar collector. The principle of its operation is based on heating a radiator exposed to the sun, connected to a large capacity container. Sun rays They heat the water in the radiator, which in turn transfers heat to the container.
This method allows you to heat water for use as a coolant in heating systems. The greatest effect is achieved when using vacuum collectors. Inside such radiators there are flasks with evacuated air, thus achieving a “thermos” effect.
Wind generators
It is clear that it will not be possible to directly use the power of the wind to heat a house. But by installing a “windmill” you can get free electricity, which is subsequently used for various needs, including powering heating systems. In regions where winds are particularly frequent, this method of generating energy will be the most effective. Again, as in the cases with solar panels it all depends on the cost of batteries, converters and electric generators.
Heat pump
This is a type of heating system that will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating a private home. The principle of its operation resembles the device refrigeration chambers or air conditioners. Such a device can pump out thermal energy from potential heat sources that are not very hot. They can be soil or water.
Such a system requires electrical energy, but at the output it can produce heat many times more than the resources expended on its operation. Significant disadvantage heat pump is its bulkiness and difficulty in installation.
In conclusion of this review, it is worth noting the following. Highest efficiency in heating own home shows a method in which the result is achieved at minimal cost, compared to other methods.
Therefore, it is impossible to speak with confidence about the advantages of one method of heating a home over another. In places where natural gas is widely used, it is foolish to install solid fuel boilers as the main source of heating.
First of all, when choosing the optimal method of heating your home, you need to take into account expediency. To summarize, we can draw the following conclusion: in the vast majority of cases, only two energy sources are conventionally used to operate heating devices:
a) Energy obtained by combustion of various fuels, which further heats the coolant;
b) Electric Energy, which is used to heat thermal installations, air and/or heating devices.
But the methods and techniques for obtaining results can number in the dozens. Therefore, most often, savings can be achieved by combining different methods of generating energy, using various types of heating. All nuances and costs require careful calculations. After all, the owner will maintain his home at his own expense.
you decided to do a private house his permanent place residence? Or maybe summer season lasts in your family all year round and winter weekends outside the city are a common thing for you? Then the question of heating your nest is extremely relevant. Today, perhaps the most popular among all heating systems for private homes is water heating. The principle of its operation is quite simple and clear: heat is generated in a special boiler and from it through a closed circuit hot water It is supplied through pipes to heating devices.
But this general principle. Depending on the heating method (gas, electricity, etc.), the circulation method, the heating systems used, as well as other characteristics, water heating is divided into many types. It is this topic that we will cover in detail in our article.
All water heating systems at home can be divided into two groups: using natural or forced circulation water.
Example of a single-pipe system with natural circulation
Natural circulation systems, or as they are also called, have been used for quite a long time. From the name itself we understand that they work without help special devices(pumps), and their work occurs due to natural physical laws.
We all probably remember from school lessons physicists that a heated liquid or gas always moves upward. It is precisely this principle that underlies such heating. Heating up in the boiler, the water begins to move up through the pipes. Having reached the furthest heating device, it begins to go down back to the boiler, where it heats up again and circulates upward. When installing a system with self-circulation, a slope must be created in the water return section. And at the coolant supply, at the highest point of the system, it is necessary to install an expansion tank, which will act as a buffer compensating for the increase in liquid volume.
Advantages of gravity heating
As already noted, gravity water heating systems at home have been used for quite a long time and have already proven themselves, as they have certain advantages:
- Cheapness. After all, this system does not require the installation of additional equipment.
- Easy to install and repair (it’s even possible to build a heating system in your own home yourself).
- Work in the absence of electricity. For some time, until the boiler temperature drops below 50 degrees, the liquid will continue to circulate through the system.
- Almost completely silent operation, again due to the absence of a pump.
Disadvantages of gravity heating
But with all the above advantages, heating systems with self-circulation have many disadvantages that make it impractical to use this method home heating today.
- It is impossible to use this type of system for large rooms. Even for a two-story private house, water circulation will be difficult.
- Temperature difference in heating devices. The farther the room is from the boiler, the colder it will be there. Moreover, the difference can sometimes be significant - up to 5 degrees.
- Heating regulation is difficult. Firstly, the system will start working only when the boiler heats up to 50 degrees; accordingly, you will not be able to make the heating power in the house lower than this mark. Secondly, even when installing heat regulators, the temperature error will be from 3 to 5 degrees, which is quite significant.
Such systems are gradually losing their relevance and are being replaced every year by more modern compulsory systems. We recommend that you use water heating with natural circulation only if you want everything simpler.
Heating with forced circulation
So, we see that systems with natural circulation of liquid have a number of rather significant disadvantages. An alternative to them are systems with forced circulation, which use additional equipment that increases the flow of coolant in the system. Namely the circulation pump.
Yes, this type of water heating at home will be more expensive and complex, but you get many advantages:
- Possibility to heat a large room. We have already said that natural circulation is not suitable for large houses. If you are the owner of just such a thing, then your only option is a forced circulation system.
- Complication of the system. By installing a pump, you do not depend on such an indicator as pressure. Therefore, what was an obstacle in a gravity system is not a problem in a forced one. For example, you can now increase the number of pipe bends if the layout of your home requires it.
- Use of smaller pipes. Agree, the neat appearance of the heating system is not the last indicator that is worth paying attention to.
- Less dependence of heating quality on the presence of air in the system. With self-circulation, the entry of air into the system would significantly complicate the transportation of coolant through the pipes. Compulsory system solves this problem, but if installed metal pipes special expansion tanks with air vents and fuses should be used to avoid system corrosion.
- Possibility of using more wear-resistant and lightweight plastic pipes.
- Concealed installation of pipes is possible. You can hide pipes in screeds and walls without any problems
Types of water heating systems
Now let's look at the options for installing water heating. As in the case of the circulation method, we have a simpler and cheaper option, inferior in technical specifications more complicated and costly.
Single-pipe heating systems
The first - simple and cheap - is a single-pipe water heating system for a house, in which the liquid will sequentially pass through all pipes, radiators and other heating devices, if they are present in the chain, and return to the boiler through the return pipe. This option is better suited, again, for a small room.
The disadvantage of such systems is the impossibility of their proper balancing. The first appliance is always hot, the last one is always warm.
Two-pipe heating systems
For indoors larger area It’s better to opt for a more advanced two-pipe system. In this case it will be used bottom connection radiators. But such a heating installation will become truly perfect if you connect a circulation pump. Otherwise, heating distant rooms will be difficult.
In addition, it is possible to reduce the cooling rate of the liquid in the system by installing special bypasses on each of the batteries, as well as regulators for the supply of liquid to a separate radiator.
The difference between a two-pipe water heating system is the laying of a single pipe to the farthest radiator, from which a branch is made to intermediate heating devices. Thus, having passed through the entire heating system, the coolant returns to the boiler through a special return pipe, which allows the heat transfer to be evenly distributed throughout the room.
Of course, the main disadvantage of such heating is its high cost and complexity of installation, but the comfort that you will receive in return is worth it.
Radiant heating system
Diagram of a radiant heating system
The two types of gasket described above heating pipes are representatives of the perimeter method. But there is an alternative - radiation. With this installation, pipes are supplied separately to each radiator: one through which the coolant flows into the heating device, the other through which it flows back. This system allows you to adjust a comfortable temperature in each room of the house. In addition, if one of the radiators or pipes breaks down, there is no need to turn off all the heating; it is enough to do this only in the desired area.
In mind large quantity pipes when installing a radial system, all communications are mounted directly into the floor or walls, which has a beneficial effect on the interior of the house.
For radial installation, it is most optimal to use pump circulation of the coolant.
Underfloor heating
Most in the best possible way uniformly warm up the entire room in the house. It is possible to use only this system, or it is possible to combine it with other heating devices. For example, when radiators are installed in the rooms, and heated floors are installed in the corridors, bathrooms and toilets. That is, warm floors will be especially relevant for rooms with tiled or marble coverings.
The use of the “warm floor” system is possible with forced circulation of the coolant.
Among the advantages that water heating with underfloor heating provides are:
- Uniform heating of the room. A screed that releases heat by radiation releases it in equal shares in each square of the room.
- Rational heat distribution. Heat moves from bottom to top.
- Comfort and microclimate.
- Absence of heating devices on the walls in most cases
Heating pipes
Separately, we should consider the question of the types of pipes used for heating private houses. Each material definitely has its positive and negative sides. Let's figure out which option is the most optimal.
Heating with metal pipes
Metals include steel and copper pipes.
Wiring water heating for a house made of steel will cost you relatively little (and this is the main advantage of this material). This metal is quite versatile, suitable for both steam and water heating. Withstands high pressure. The main disadvantage steel pipes is that they quickly corrode. This affects not so much the quality of heating as the appearance of your home - rusty pipes are not the best interior decoration.
Copper pipes have more benefits: they are extremely durable, hold temperature well, and do not corrode. Another advantage of copper pipes is the smoothness of their inner surface, which ensures high speed movement of liquid through the heating system. The main disadvantage of copper is its high price.
It is worth noting that both steel and copper pipes are only suitable for open heating systems and cannot be installed in walls or floors. Therefore, as we see, their universality has a limit.
Heating a house with polypropylene pipes
The main advantage of polypropylene pipes is their resistance to external factors environment: corrosion, rotting processes, exposure to bacteria and chemical compounds.
Also one of the big advantages of this material is its lightness. Other advantages follow from this: such pipes are easier to install, they are suitable for use both on a support wall and on an interior wall.
Heating made of polypropylene allows you to save fuel consumption (gas or electricity) used to heat the boiler due to the low coefficient of friction, since the coolant easily passes through the heating system. But the difference is insignificant.
In addition, polypropylene pipes are quite flexible, have different modifications with many joints, and are also complemented by a huge selection of various components, which allows installation complex systems heating.
And finally, heating polypropylene pipes can be done both in open and in closed systems when all the pipes are hidden in the floor or walls.
With all the visible advantages, these pipes also have disadvantages. Firstly, with a fairly high resistance to chemical influences, such pipes are easily susceptible to mechanical influence (it can be cut using ordinary kitchen knife). Secondly, polypropylene is not suitable for all types of heating systems. It absolutely cannot be used in combination with a steam generator, but they are excellent for the water heating we are considering. Also, water heating with polypropylene implies the presence of a large number of joints, which greatly affects the reliability of the system
Heating with metal-plastic pipes
If we talk about the advantages of metal-plastic pipes, we can highlight the same advantages as those of their polypropylene counterparts. But it’s worth highlighting separately that they are capable of holding more high temperature. And also, and this is their main distinctive feature, metal-plastic bends perfectly. At the same time, you do not have to worry about damaging it. And this fact makes this type pipes ideal option for the "warm floor" system.
The disadvantage is the higher price compared to polypropylene analogues.
Heating with water baseboard
At the end of our article, we want to tell you about the “last word” in the field of water heating systems. If you want to make the heat in your home invisible in the truest sense of the word, then baseboard heating is your option.
Such a heating device is a housing that looks like a regular baseboard, inside of which there is a heating element - special tubes. First they heat up, then the body, then the heat is distributed along the walls.
This type of heating perfect solution for our strip, where mold so often forms on the walls due to dampness. In addition, as already mentioned, your interior will not be spoiled by either pipes or radiators.
But this system also has its drawbacks:
- it cannot be used on walls along which furniture is installed
- for large rooms, the installation of 2-3 buildings will be required, since the maximum length of the heating circuit is 15 meters.
Heating with water convectors
You've probably had experience with electric convectors. There are the same ones, only water ones. They are connected to water heating according to the same rules as radiators. And they are essentially the same radiators, only with a different principle of heat transfer.
Water convectors operate on the principle of convection. Cold air comes in from below, warm air comes out from above. Due to this, the room heats up very quickly.
The disadvantages of such water heating devices include their high cost compared to conventional radiators.
If you carefully studied our article, you saw what a variety of solutions for water heating in a private house are presented modern market heating equipment. All you have to do is choose best option, based on the parameters of your own home and material capabilities. Peace and warmth to your home!
The general principle of operation of all water heating systems is the same: the coolant is heated in the boiler and moves through the pipes to the radiators, transfers heat to the room, and then returns to the boiler. In this case, circulation can be natural or forced. It all depends on what sets the coolant in motion. In the first case it is gravity, in the second it is a pump.
Natural circulation systems
Systems with natural circulation, due to their characteristics, are more suitable only for houses with with total area up to 200 sq. m, or rooms with few thermal circuits. In addition, they will require large diameter pipes (at least 40-50 mm). Moreover, they are laid at an angle to the horizontal plane so that the water flows under the influence of its own weight. Such systems are difficult to regulate, but they are independent of the power supply.
Forced circulation systems
Forced circulation systems are suitable for homes and facilities of any size, they are easily adjustable and more efficient in heat transfer. A great advantage is the comfort of use (the ability to maintain the required temperature in each room). They can use small diameter pipes. In such a system, there is less difference in temperature between supply and processing, which increases the service life of the boiler. The only drawback is the need for uninterruptible power supply.
Also, heating systems can be open and closed type :
In the first case, an open expansion tank is used to compensate for the expansion of the coolant (water or antifreeze) in the heating system. In the second, a closed membrane tank is used.
In an open system, the expansion tank should be installed at the highest point of the system. In a closed one, there is no need to place a membrane tank at the top.
A system with a closed membrane tank has many advantages compared to an open one. Here are the main ones: the tank can be placed near the boiler, there is no need to pull and insulate the pipe into the attic, pressure is created throughout the entire system, which promotes uniform operation of all radiators, there is no evaporation of steam or liquids. Open systems are rarely used these days.
Types of pipe layouts in heating systems
Based on the type of pipeline design, systems are divided into single-pipe and two-pipe. Single-pipe systems are different:
With bottom wiring (popularly often called Leningradka) when the heating pipeline passes through the entire house or facility in a circle, returning to the boiler. Heating devices are attached to the heating bed; there is an option when the pipeline passes directly through the radiators.
Sometimes such a system is used on several floors, making each floor its own circuit. Advantages of Leningrad: a small number of pipes, no risers, you can position the system without spoiling the design (when there is no way to hide the pipes). Minus large diameter pipes, uneven heat distribution (the first devices are hot, the last ones are cold), the inability to regulate the system.
Second type single pipe systems- with top wiring (called the Moscow system), when the heating pipeline runs along the top of the room and returns to the boiler through the bottom. The batteries sit on risers that connect the supply and processing. Plus, such a system is able to work without electricity, temperature uniformity across the batteries is achieved using different diameters pipes and thermal calculation of the number of sections (and the number of sections in the same rooms will vary and depends on many characteristics).
Minus systems, the difficulty of accurately adjusting the system, risers and heating beds disrupt the design (if it is not possible to hide it in the walls). In Siberia, this is a frequently used scheme in private homes (many of our clients use this particular scheme if there are power outages).
Two-pipe heating systems also come in several types: manifold or fan pipe distribution. It is often also called beam or cabinet. This system is the most popular in cottages and buildings. The meaning of the collector system is that on each floor there is one or several cabinets with collectors, and from these collectors supply and treatment pipelines extend to each heating device.
Radial floor wiring
It happens when all the collectors are assembled in the boiler room. The advantages of fan wiring: each device can be turned off separately or adjusted by temperature, all pipelines can be laid in the floor, the system does not spoil the design of the premises, it is easy to calculate when designing, the ability to automate the system. Cons: more pipes, higher system costs. Sequential two-pipe system.
Often the classic two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring in residential apartment buildings. Heating pipelines are laid under the ceiling of the basement floor (in false ceiling or open) or in the floor structure of the basement floor, they are connected to heating risers that supply heating devices with coolant.
This diagram It is advisable to design for heating large country houses (from 1500 sq. m.), in the presence of an operation service. The advantage of this scheme is that in residential premises there are only heating devices, there are no cabinets, the floor screed is reduced (there is no need for space to lay heating pipelines), in terms of material, relatively collector circuit, it is more profitable. Since this is a two-pipe circuit, the temperature difference across the device is constant, and if desired, each device can be turned off to replace it without stopping the entire heating system of the country house.
In places where the drain is connected to the main line (on ground floor) differential pressure regulators (balancing valves) are often installed - they can create a large local resistance and hydraulically level all risers in the building. One of the varieties of a two-pipe sequential system is a floor-to-floor heating system.
The meaning of this system is as follows - a riser is raised from the boiler, and heating lines are laid on each floor along the perimeter of the house with heating devices connected in series to them. The main criterion for using this scheme is that the pipelines are located at outer wall at home and do not interfere with anyone or anything and ease of installation - all pipelines are located near the floor, construction works are kept to a minimum (there are no grooves, no niches for cabinets in the built-in version), it is possible to turn off each floor separately, the circuit is not expensive to install (relative to a cabinet).
In addition to serial and radial pipe routing, in our work we often come across a “combined” type of routing. It is used in the case when, with radial wiring to one collector ring, several radiators are powered. As a rule, these radiators are located in close proximity to each other (in the same room).
Or a combined collector type, when supply and treatment distribution manifolds are installed in the boiler room, and then the pipelines diverge along the circuits (to different rooms or even different objects). This system is effective in large cottages and buildings where there are many different thermal circuits or several rooms. Possibility of setting different temperatures in different rooms, inexpensive system to install.