Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Moscow Government. Denis Grishkin

The work is financed mainly by funds from the sale of patents individual entrepreneurs, revenue from paid city parking and income taxes individuals from renting out apartments.

Behind last years More than 22 thousand courtyards were reconstructed in the capital, the Presidium of the Moscow Government reported at a meeting.

“We have reconstructed, repaired and restored more than 22 thousand Moscow courtyards. We are talking about creating sports and children's playgrounds, landscaping, creating parking space and a number of other activities. It is important that this work does not stop and continues at the system level,” noted the Moscow Mayor.

According to him, it is necessary to ensure control over what has already been done: promptly replace broken small architectural forms, maintain good condition sports and children's playgrounds. Also, improvement must be provided with permanent sources of funding. There are three main ones.

“The first is the parking fee, the second is the fee for patents that are collected in a particular area, and the third is the taxes that come from the rental of housing (apartments). And part of the centralized sources that come directly from the budget of the city of Moscow. These are quite significant sources. Funding for them increases from year to year. IN next year The volume of such funds will be considerable - it will amount to about 10 billion rubles. Moreover, they are distributed according to an understandable, clear formula between prefectures and regions,” Sergei Sobyanin clarified.

The mayor of Moscow emphasized that it is now necessary to outline clear plans for the implementation of these programs and the use of these funds in such a way that all projects are created taking into account the opinions of citizens and involve the constant renovation of the capital's courtyards so that they are always in good condition.

The Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Housing and Communal Services and Landscaping reported on the implementation of the program for the improvement of courtyard areas.

“Since 2011, the city has had a program for comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas. The allocated amount of funding over the past years has made it possible to repair and carry out comprehensive landscaping of Moscow courtyards. Moreover, since 2016, the main source of funding has been funds to stimulate district governments,” the deputy mayor said.

He noted that some of the courtyards were renovated as part of the “My Street” program. These are courtyards located next to landscaping areas.

“There are more than 24 thousand households in the capital, including 22.5 thousand households within the old city boundaries. To date, 22.5 thousand yards have been put in order, overhauled within the framework of the standard of comprehensive improvement and safe operation,” said Pyotr Biryukov.

The program for repairs and improvement of courtyard areas for this year has been completed. “The priority task for 2017 and subsequent years is to maintain in technically sound condition in accordance with regulatory requirements all courtyard areas, as well as ensuring the safety of various elements and small architectural forms in landscaped areas. The condition of Moscow courtyards today allows us to switch to a rhythmic interval between repairs, depending on technical condition this or that yard,” the deputy mayor noted.

In 2017, it is planned to improve about three thousand courtyards, repair or rebuild 820 playgrounds, 41 children's playgrounds, 468 sports grounds, 188 quiet recreation areas, 403 areas for walking pets, 16 utility areas. Work is also planned to repair asphalt and fences, create additional parking spaces, landscaping, and tidying up container sites and other facilities.

The city program for the comprehensive improvement of courtyard areas has been implemented in Moscow since 2011. In 2011-2014, as part of this program, centralized repairs and comprehensive landscaping of courtyard areas were carried out. As a result, Moscow courtyards were brought into line with the new standard of comfort.

It includes:

— reasonable and safe organization of yard space;

— separation of space for cars (parking lots, roadways) from space for people (sidewalks, children's, sports and other playgrounds);

— landscaping (trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns);

— high-quality infrastructure for recreation and sports for all categories of residents (modern playgrounds, inter-block playgrounds, sports grounds, outdoor exercise equipment complexes, areas for quiet recreation);

— at the request of residents, restriction of entry into courtyards of outside vehicles (barriers).

In 2015, improvement work was carried out in 4,047 courtyards, including a comprehensive major renovation- in 1578 yards. In 2016 - in 3050 courtyards, including comprehensive overhauls affecting 2078 courtyards.

In total, from 2011 to 2016, 22,288 playgrounds for various purposes were overhauled or rebuilt in Moscow courtyards. Among them are 16,832 playgrounds, 1,664 children's inter-block playgrounds, 1,194 sports grounds, 2,598 playgrounds for other purposes. More than 3.5 thousand sets of outdoor exercise equipment were installed in courtyards, 29.6 million were replaced square meters asphalt covering.

The financing mechanisms used in Moscow provide:

— maintaining the yard infrastructure (children’s slides, exercise machines and other equipment) in good condition;

— regular (on average once every seven years) repairs of courtyard areas;

— implementation of projects for additional improvement of courtyard areas based on the wishes of residents.

At the same time as the improvement of courtyards in Moscow, entrances are being repaired and put in order. apartment buildings. On average, about 20 thousand of them are repaired annually, which makes it possible to maintain all 105.9 thousand Moscow entrances in good condition.

Thus, in 2016, 22,335 entrances were repaired, the plan for 2017 is 20,661 entrances. The work is financed by management companies.

The really good news is that the federal program for landscaping courtyard areas will come into effect from 2018 to 2022. This name has an expanded meaning - new look Not only courtyards will be acquired, but also squares, parks, public gardens, and embankments. But the bulk of the money is intended for improving courtyard areas.

The federal government allocates an amount of 20 billion rubles from its budget. The money will be distributed among the regions, and their administrations will have to think through the correct scheme for the further use of these funds.

The allocated money is intended for the improvement of public places. Permission from ordinary residents to improve squares and parks is not required, since their rights will not be violated in this case. But the obligations after the improvement adjacent areas residents will have problems. These places will acquire the status of common property. Apartment owners are obligated to pay for maintaining their yards in proper condition.

Distribution by region

IN Russian Federation there are 85 regions. They differ in the size of their territories and numbers. The largest region in terms of population is the federal city of Moscow. However, it is one of the smallest regions in terms of area. The opposite situation is in Yakutia. There are apparently still more squares, parks and courtyards in large populated areas. As we see, the implementation of the program is not an easy task already at the first stage.

Adoption of municipal programs

To get money from federal budget, regions and municipalities must develop their own program and approve it. What is unusual is that this can be influenced by the residents themselves. Landscaping activities are carried out in the courtyard areas of apartment buildings only.

The municipal program for the improvement of courtyard areas, starting in 2018, includes a list of addresses of adjacent areas of apartment buildings that need improvement. Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 169 regulates that approval must be made no later than December 31, 2017.

Which localities can participate in the program?

Approved by Order of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation No. 691-pr guidelines, according to which municipalities with a population exceeding 1,000 people participate in the program.

Who takes care of the yards now?

According to the Housing Code, the land plot on which the house is located is common property. But for this, a formality must be completed - an official transfer. In fact, most yards did not go through this procedure. Therefore they are considered municipal property.

Every year money is allocated to maintain order in them in accordance with one’s own taste and financial capabilities. Residents of the house are not surveyed and, accordingly, their wishes are not taken into account. The residents of the house do not consider themselves owners and do not treat their property with particular care.

New rules

In 2022, after the end of the program, new rules will be introduced. Landscaped and well-kept courtyards will begin to be considered part of the common property. Residents already know what this means - they pay for the maintenance of roofs, basements and entrances. You will also have to pay for maintaining order in your yards. But for the already established order!

Thus, the state first helps with considerable money over a long period of time to clean up the yard, and then this responsibility passes to the apartment owners.

The further fate of each yard depends on the will of the residents of the house. It is important that they understand: the yard area will be included in the program only if they take the initiative. This is decided at a house-wide meeting, where residents will be familiarized with a list of minimal work that can be done in their yard.

At the meeting, a decision must be made on what improvements should be made. If additional types of work are expected, you need to find out whether the residents are ready to participate financially and personally. At the meeting, a person is selected who will further represent the interests of the residents of the house and monitor the safety of the acquired improvements.

Examples of minimum and additional work are indicated in the table.

If a decision is made to carry out additional work, then the number of people willing to participate in this should be found out.

Participation can be:

1. Labor. It is free and voluntary. This includes participation in community cleanups, construction and painting work, installation of trash bins and benches, landscaping, and cleaning of the area.
2. Financial. This means funds collected in the form of lump sum payments(the size must be no less than that approved in the decision of the meeting), and attracting sponsors.

Meetings can be organized by: the housing and communal services board, Management Company or proactive residents. For notification, you can post notices indicating the agenda, place notifications in mailboxes, call for personal communication. All decisions made at the meeting are recorded in the minutes.

On the municipal government website you can find out which specific yard is included in the program.

What is necessary to include the local area in the improvement program

In order for a specific yard to be included in the program, the following actions must be performed:

1. Create an initiative group.
2. Make a list of desired changes.
3. Draw up a diagram of the yard with proposed improvements.
4. Hold a general meeting of residents, after which a protocol will be drawn up.
5. Submit an application for participation in the program to the municipal authorities.

If, according to the cadastral passport, there are several houses located in the local area, then the initiative group must include representatives of each of them.

The drawing indicates existing and planned objects. Proposed innovations must comply with the municipal program. For example, installing a monument in the yard may not be included.

A positive decision is made if a majority of those present at the meeting votes for it. Based on the results of the meeting, a protocol is drawn up.

Then an application for improvement is submitted to the municipality. A public commission created there will review it and organize public discussion. The municipal organization will provide a design project for the yard for consideration, which requires approval from representatives selected for general meeting residents.

Based on the design project, the municipality will organize a competitive selection of contractors to carry out necessary work. Representatives from the initiative group carry out intermediate monitoring of the progress of work.

Further maintenance of the yard can be carried out by the residents themselves or with the involvement of third-party organizations for an additional fee.

Participating in the program and discussing details together has an additional bonus - it brings together people living in the same house.

Look video about the program for landscaping courtyard areas:

Experts from the Center for Monitoring Urban Environment Improvement checked how the federal project is being implemented in seven regions: the Chuvash Republic, Voronezh region, Primorsky Krai, Tula, Novgorod and Tomsk regions, as well as in the Republic of Udmurtia. As it turned out, a common problem for all regions - residents are poorly informed about the project and opportunities to participate in improvement. The activists sent a complete list of all the detected shortcomings to the Russian Ministry of Construction.

According to experts, in the Chuvash Republic, only the draft state program for the formation of the urban environment for 2018–2022 is posted on the official website of the Ministry of Construction. At the same time, meetings of interdepartmental commissions are held less than once every three months, and the head of the region does not personally supervise most of the events. As of October 31, 2017 out of nine municipalities only two have completed all the improvement work.

An on-site inspection showed that the municipal improvement program for the city of Cheboksary included courtyard areas that had already been put in order in 2013–2016. In addition, in many cases, when creating a list of objects and preliminary designs citizens were given samples of only one manufacturer, and during the design the standards for creating a barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility were not followed or taken into account.

“In the Voronezh region, as it turned out, when submitting applications for improvement, residents did not receive the number of the submitted application. Due to the accelerated deadlines for generating applications in 2017, plans for the improvement of courtyard areas were developed without taking into account the opinions of citizens, and in fact were imposed by district administrations. Residents had to approve all this, because otherwise the courtyards could simply not be included in the project,” noted Svetlana Kalinina, coordinator of the Center for Monitoring the Improvement of the Urban Environment, member of the ONF Central Headquarters.

At the same time, on the websites of some municipalities in the Voronezh region there is no information on the implementation of the “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment” project, despite the fact that all programs should be posted on the websites of municipalities. There have also been several cases of changes in plans for improvement of courtyard areas approved by citizens, as funding for the project has decreased. One of the problems that experts have encountered in the region is the lack of properly formalized rights of citizens to land under apartment buildings(MCD). Because of this, problems arise regarding the further maintenance of the courtyard area and the property located on it.

Thus, in the Primorsky Territory, demarcated courtyards owned by residents of apartment buildings were not included in the program for the formation of a modern urban environment. In addition, it turned out that the majority of residents of the region do not know about the implementation of the project and, accordingly, do not participate in decision-making. At the same time, a meeting of the regional interdepartmental commission is held less than once every three months.

Based on the results of the inspection in the Tomsk region, the Center’s experts concluded that government officials responsible for the implementation of the priority project need to be trained in the rules for holding meetings, the basics of information transparency and quality control of work. It turned out that the improvement program for 2018–2022. do not include applications from residents who were not included in the program in 2017, but require people to re-collect documents and reapply.

“It is obvious that the region has problems with an integrated approach to the implementation of a priority project,” explained Rodion Gazizov, coordinator of the ONF Center for monitoring the improvement of the urban environment in the Tomsk region. – For example, when landscaping a courtyard area, attention must be paid not only to asphalting work, but also to the arrangement storm sewer, the appearance of the facade of the house, the presence of sidewalks. It is also important that residents do not have questions about the adequacy of the ratio of the volume of work actually carried out and its cost, so you need to talk to people, consult, take their opinion into account, explain what, how and why will be done.”

In the Tula region, experts encountered poor quality of landscaping work. For example, in regional center at 4 Leiteizena Street, the work has already been completed, however, according to the residents of the building, many shortcomings remain: for example, there is no lawn on the territory, there is dirt around the slides and horizontal bars. People are also dissatisfied with the fact that they have lost benches near their entrances. ONF activists in the Tula region drew attention to these shortcomings and will ensure that they are eliminated.

IN Novgorod region According to experts, the authorities approached the implementation of the project formally. In practice, it turned out that when creating a modern urban environment, officials limited themselves to paving courtyards. In addition, the developed design projects were not approved by residents in certain districts of the Novgorod region, and during meetings in public commissions the opinion of public activists was not taken into account.

In Udmurtia, there were also comments regarding the quality of improvement work. In almost all of the inspected yards, the asphalt roads were also only repaired, and not always to a high quality. In addition, there are complaints about elements of the accessible environment, as well as inconsistency design and estimate documentation with residents.

“Each time we remind you that priority project“Formation of a comfortable urban environment” is aimed at involving the residents themselves in the processes of improvement, making courtyards and public spaces more convenient for them. However, many citizens simply do not know about the existence of the project, and this must be fought,” explained Svetlana Kalinina.

The improvement of courtyard areas in Russia is the responsibility of regional and local authorities. However, with the exception of Moscow, partly the Moscow region and St. Petersburg, the relevant authorities allocate almost no funds for these purposes. At best, improvement is limited to the central part of regional “capitals”. As a rule, this is justified by a lack of funds in local budgets.

Federal Improvement Program

In 2017, under the auspices of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, the project program “Comfortable urban environment" It is designed for the period until 2022. The total amount of funding for this program is more than 42 billion rubles, of which approximately 25 billion rubles are planned to be allocated from the federal budget for the improvement of courtyard areas. Subjects of the Russian Federation must also take part in this program, allocating about 17 billion rubles for its implementation. The distribution of federal funds depends on the activity of regional authorities and the local population.

Anyone can receive funding for the improvement of courtyard areas in 2019-2022 locality with a population of more than 1000. To be included in the program, the corresponding territory must be transferred to the shared ownership of residents of adjacent houses. After completion of the work at “public expense”, all further costs for the repair and maintenance of courtyard areas are completely transferred to the owners, i.e. residents. They can participate in this both in cash and in kind (“subbotniks”, etc.).

By federal project the following work is performed:

• installation of garbage cans and containers;
• installation of benches;
• organization of car parking;
• installation of lighting equipment;
• repair of courtyard driveways;
• equipment for children's and sports grounds;
• landscaping.

According to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, in 2017-2018, more than 20 thousand courtyards were landscaped in different cities of Russia as part of this program. Among the leading regions in the implementation of this project:

• Kaluga region;
• Krasnoyarsk region;
• Chechen Republic;
• Kaliningrad region;
• Tomsk region.

Landscaping of courtyards in Moscow and the region

In the capital of Russia there is a corresponding city ​​program was adopted back in 2011. Since 2015, the city program “My Street” has been in effect, within the framework of which the repair and improvement of Moscow courtyards is also carried out. The ideologists of these projects were the influential Strelka Institute of Architecture and Design (chairman of the trustees A. Mamut), as well as the Danish architect Jan Gehl, invited to Moscow by the city authorities in 2010. Gale is known in Denmark and other countries around the world for his work in transforming and humanizing urban spaces. The validity period of Moscow improvement programs has been extended for the period 2019-2022.

Currently, about 25,000 courtyards have been “improved” in Moscow. Active development of adjacent areas is underway in the so-called. "New Moscow" ( former districts Moscow region southwest of the capital). Besides standard work, similar to those carried out under the federal project, capital programs include:

• widening and repairing sidewalks;
• establishment of bicycle paths and parking lots;
• laying tiles instead of asphalt pavement;
• installation of barriers at the entrance to courtyards (in agreement with local residents);
• designer landscaping.

In 2019-2022, the city government plans to focus on repairing and maintaining already landscaped courtyard areas.

Critics of Moscow authorities say such improvements are too expensive. In particular, in 2017 alone, about 200 billion rubles were allocated from the Moscow budget for it. This not only greatly exceeds the costs of a similar federal program, but also exceeds the total budgets of many regions of Russia. Well-known economic geographer and specialist in territorial policy N.V. Zubarevich called such spending on the improvement of Moscow “defiant consumption against the backdrop of an impoverished country.” In addition, many note the lack of transparency in the distribution of funds for city projects, inflated estimates, various abuses, low quality of work performed, and refusal to take into account the opinions of residents.

In the Moscow region there is a program for improving courtyard areas that is in many ways similar to Moscow projects. A special regional law was adopted containing “ common standards» such improvement. In 2018, by order of the governor, a specialized regional ministry was established. Every year, approximately 1,300-1,500 households are “beautified” in the Moscow region. On the other hand, the amount of funds allocated for these purposes in the Moscow region is several times less than in the capital. Critics note the low quality of the work being carried out and various violations. The allocated funding in the Moscow region is often not enough to repair and maintain already equipped courtyards.