Copper pipes are widely used in various engineering systems houses and apartments. The main advantages of the material are its resistance to corrosion and exposure high temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. In addition, copper pipes can be easily bent at any angle, making DIY connections easier.
As a disadvantage, it is often pointed out that the material has a high cost, but with such excellent characteristics of the metal, its price cannot be low. Installation copper pipes Wires are made using fittings. They can be crimped or soldered; depending on this, the connection of copper pipes differs. Compression fittings create a detachable connection, while solder fittings create a permanent connection.
The main advantages and uses of copper pipelines
Copper pipes have an operating temperature from -200 to +250 degrees, as well as low linear expansion, which allows them to be successfully used for the following systems:
- Heating;
- Water supply;
- Air conditioning;
- Gas transportation;
- Obtaining alternative energy, for example, solar systems.
When installing copper pipelines for supplying cold and hot water, you don’t have to worry about overgrowing or silting of the internal section. They are also not destroyed under the influence of chlorine, which is added in high concentrations to tap water. On the contrary, chlorine creates the thinnest protective layer on the inner wall of pipelines, which significantly extends the life of the pipelines. In turn, a small amount of copper is released into drinking water, which has a beneficial effect on human health.
Features of installing water pipes
Installation of copper water supply for cold and hot water does not differ in technology. However, attention should be paid to appearance pipelines and related fittings: parts intended for hot water are insulated with PVC film. Installation of copper pipes for water supply can be carried out in one of the following ways:
- Using threaded fittings.
- Using soldering.
Push-in connections with threaded fittings are the easiest and most accessible connection method for DIY installation.
Threaded fittings create detachable connections, which can be unscrewed or tightened repeatedly if necessary. In order to carry out installation, you must:
- Place the crimp nut on the pipes.
- Place the crimp ring on top.
- Connect the elements together.
- Tighten the nut.
The crimp ring is responsible for the tightness of the connection, and therefore cannot be reuse. If the connection had to be unscrewed, a new rubber ring should be installed. Copper pipes can be bent in any direction, and therefore it is possible to save on the number of fittings.
Connection by soldering is a slightly more complex installation method, however, it is quite doable with your own hands. You must be careful and follow all safety precautions when working with open flames. The connection itself consists of the following steps:
- Cleaning the ends of the pipe and fitting with sandpaper to bare metal.
- A thin layer of soldering flux is applied with a brush.
- The pipe is inserted into the fitting up to the maximum mark.
- The connection point is heated by a gas burner or construction hairdryer.
It is very important to evenly heat the elements to be joined; for this it is recommended to use a blowtorch with two burners. - When the heating temperature is sufficient to melt the solder, it is introduced into the joint.
- After hardening, excess flux can be removed.
Available for sale copper fittings with pre-provided solder in a special groove. This simplifies DIY installation: you just need to insert the end of the pipeline lubricated with flux and heat it to the required temperature. The solder will melt and flow into the gap between the pipe and the fitting, creating a secure connection.
Features of installing a heating system using copper pipes
Installation of copper pipes for the heating system begins with preparatory work. The material can be easily bent and cut, but this must be done in the correct way. Basic recommendations:
- Before installation, it is necessary to cut the pipes into pieces of the required length.
- It is better to cut heating pipes with a pipe cutter or a hacksaw.
- The inner surface of the pipelines must be cleaned of burrs and metal shavings. To complete this task you will need a file and scraper.
- The cutting site must be leveled, especially in cases where the cutting was carried out with a hacksaw for metal, which slightly deforms the pipe.
- You can bend a tubular product manually or using a special tool.
- If the heating system has curved sections, especially complex shape, it is recommended to use a pipe bender. Such a bend will protect the material from unwanted creasing, which can subsequently become a site for corrosion.
- Products should be bent with the minimum permissible radius.
- The bending radius when performing work with a pipe cutter must be at least 3.5 times the diameter of the pipeline. If you bend pipes by hand, you should have a bend radius of at least 8 diameters.
The connection of copper heating system elements is carried out in two already known ways:
- Compression fittings;
- By soldering method.
Due to the fact that copper can be easily bent, installation is not difficult and does not require a large number of fittings. However, it is necessary to remember some rules for combining materials in the heating system.
Copper pipes cannot be connected to aluminum radiators.
If use aluminum radiators cannot be avoided, it is necessary to cross over a steel pipe. This will help avoid the onset of corrosion when joining copper and aluminum. As for radiators made of other materials, for example, steel or cast iron, such problems do not arise.
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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Press-B bronze tee material Sanpress VIEGA 54x1 /2"x54 - bronze. The area of application of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the press-B tee bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 54x1/2"x54 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3 /4"x54 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 with press pliers is allowed. The tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 54x3/4"x54 is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3 /4"x35 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 35x3/4"x35 press-N bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Tee material press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3 /4"x22 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the press-N bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 22x3/4"x22 press-N bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Material of the press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 15x1 /2"x15 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 15x1/2"x15 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 - an adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Material of the press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 22x1 /2"x22 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 22x1/2"x22 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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Press-B bronze tee Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 - adapter fitting from a threaded to a press connection when branching is necessary in the installation of copper pipes in cold and hot water supply systems, heating systems, plumbing equipment. Press-B bronze tee material Sanpress VIEGA 28x1 /2"x28 - bronze. The area of application of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 is water, air, glycols, fuel oil and other non-aggressive liquids. Operating conditions of the tee press-B bronze Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28: maximum temperature 110 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure - 10 bar. Only one-time compression of the Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 press-B bronze tee with press pliers is allowed. The Sanpress VIEGA 28x1/2"x28 press-B bronze tee is supplied with HNBR sealing elements. Sanpress press fittings are equipped with a safety contour SC-Contur (microgroove on the fitting), which allows, during a pressure test, to visually identify unpressed connections and those made
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The crimp-B water socket with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" is designed for connecting copper and steel pipes with water collection points in the water supply, heating and plumbing systems. The material of the TIEMME 10x1/2" crimp-B water socket is brass CW617N with a plastic ring (P.T.F.E.) . The scope of application of the water socket is water, glycols, non-aggressive liquids, oil and compressed air. Pipe standards limit the operating conditions of the crimp-B water socket with a plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" to the following data: maximum working temperature is 120 degrees Celsius, maximum permissible pressure 30 bar. Water socket thread crimp-B with plastic ring TIEMME 10x1/2" - ISO 228 (GOST 6357-81), connection type - crimp and internal thread.
Pipeline fittings are used to connect pipes of a wide variety of diameters and sizes. Certain types of fittings are necessary for bending the pipeline, for example, T-shaped and Y-shaped fittings, as well as bends.
Main types of fittings
Straight fittings have components such as plugs, adapters, and couplings. Examples of fittings are shown in the figure below. Exactly how each fitting is made depends on the material used to make it.
Examples of steel, copper and plastic fittings
- Copper fittings, both with and without threads:
- T-piece.
- End coupling with 90 degree rotation.
- Y-shaped tee.
- Couplings.
- Adapter.
- Copper and plastic fittings:
- Fitting with internal thread.
- Fitting with 90 degree rotation.
- T-piece.
- Y-shaped tee.
- Adapter.
- Clutch.
- Steel fittings:
- Internal plug.
- Threaded options.
- Cover with plug.
- Sgon.
- Fitting option.
Photos of fittings made of various materials
And now a small photo gallery showing the impressive variety of all kinds of fittings that are presented on our market.
Steel chrome fittings
Copper fittings
Plastic fittings (PVC)
Coupling, adapter and drive
A coupling is necessary to combine two pipe sections of the same diameter into one line. If at the pipes different diameter, will be needed adapter. Used frequently drive is a tube of steel with an external thread, usually available in small lengths up to 30 cm long.
Squeezing is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline and connect pipe sections that can be disconnected at any time. The plug is needed to block the end of the pipe. If pipes made from various materials, then specialized fittings are required to connect them, some of which are shown in the figure below.
A variety of fittings for connecting pipes made of different materials
- Fitting for connecting a copper pipe to a steel pipe:
- Thread for screwing on a metal pipe.
- A copper pipe is connected by solder to another copper pipe.
- Copper fitting, connects to copper pipe.
- The end for screwing into the nut.
- Rubber gasket.
- The plastic part is inserted into the nut.
- Copper pipe.
- Fitting connected with solder.
- Fitting for connecting a plastic pipe to a copper pipe:
- Steel pipe screwed into a nut.
- End for screwing into a nut.
- Rubber gasket.
- A plastic pipe is glued into the insert in the nut.
- Fittings for connecting plastic pipes to steel.
- Plastic insert.
- Screw.
Pipe connections made of various materials
How is a steel pipe connected to a copper pipe? For this purpose, a fitting is used, at one end of which there is a thread for fixing to steel pipe. There are no threads on the other end; it is completely smooth, since the copper pipe will be attached by soldering.
When installing a pipe into such a fitting, the threads should be wrapped with plastic sealing tape, after which the coupling is screwed onto the pipe. Such a sealing tape is necessary to prevent corrosion from starting in the area where two types of metal are joined.
Steel and plastic fitting
Another example is a fitting made of steel and plastic. It is also made of two parts. The first part looks like a nut with a threaded segment that screws into a steel pipe. The other part is plastic, with a gasket and nut also made of plastic.
Standard fitting consisting of steel and plastic parts
The nut is screwed onto another extension of the first part, which has external thread. Next, a special solvent is used to attach the plastic insert to the plastic pipe.
Plastic and copper fitting
There is also a popular fitting made of plastic and copper, which also includes two components. The first component has two ends. One is made of copper and has a thread, but the other end is completely smooth - it is this that is attached to the copper pipe by soldering.
Plastic fitting with copper thread
The other component is a plastic nut with a spacer. The nut is screwed onto the copper thread, and its other end is glued to the plastic pipe.
Fittings for copper and plastic pipes
Soldering is used to connect copper pipes, but plastic pipes are connected with a specialized glue or solvent. As for cast iron risers, bushings are usually not used to connect pipes.
Standard method for joining fittings and cast iron pipes without the use of bushings
- Cast iron pipe.
- Casing made of stainless steel.
- Clamp.
- Neoprene rubber part.
- T-piece made of cast iron.
For sealing joints sewer pipes Sleeves made of neoprene rubber are used. In this case, the sleeve itself is fixed with a casing made of stainless steel.
The following figure shows options for some pipe connections without bushings.
Standard fittings for connecting cast iron pipes without the use of bushings
- T-piece.
- Curved segment.
- Curved segment with flange, designed for toilet.
- Y-shaped tee.
To attach the casing directly, conventional casings are used.
Video review of fittings for polypropylene pipes
Consider using special fittings for plastic polypropylene pipes. Types of fittings, their purpose and characteristics.
Materials from which pipes are made
Materials such as plastic, cast iron and copper are used to make sewer pipes. When constructing underground sewers located outside a building, glazed ceramic pipes are usually used.
However, it is not uncommon for only a specific type of pipe to be permitted in a certain area. You can find out this from local authorities.
The ideal sewer pipe option is cast iron pipe. It is perfect for creating collectors, sewer risers, sun beds and ventilation. Any cast iron pipes come in two types - internal and heavy. Standard length cast iron pipe is 1.5 meters.
Cast iron pipe for toilet
Copper pipes, which have a yellow label, can also be used for any type of sewer pipes.
Separately worth mentioning ceramic pipes , coating with a special glaze. Such pipes are reliably protected from the influence of sewage waste, be it various alkalis or acids.
As a rule, ceramic pipes are used as the basis of the underground collector of a house, at a distance of up to 1.5 meters from the foundation. The pipes are laid up to the city sewer or settling tank.
It is not recommended to use ceramic pipes inside the house.
They are actively used both inside and outside the house. PVC pipes and ABS. The connection of copper and plastic pipes is carried out in the same way as water pipes. Detailed review each type of pipe will be presented in the following articles.
To implement correct installation hot and cold water supply, gas supply or air conditioning, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of connection in the copper pipe system. High price justified by high technical characteristics and long term of use.
Fig 1. Working with a special burner
What nuances exist?
To organize the creation of a pipeline system, pipes made of durable plastic are used. Stainless steel refers to expensive price segment, but reliability covers this nuance. To carry out capital repair work, a copper pipe can be a full-fledged alternative.
Such a system favorably tolerates sudden temperature changes and is not afraid of large amounts of chlorine or ultraviolet radiation. To avoid the development of corrosion, they are installed inside special devices. If there are no compositions of heavy metals and other substances in the liquid, then nothing will prevent such pipes from serving for even a dozen years.
Among significant shortcomings The following aspects can be highlighted:
- Softness.
- High price.
The last drawback is considered completely justified due to the long service life.
Basic requirements for welding work
- It is undesirable to use the lead version in the process of making water supplies, since it is a material that is highly toxic.
- The optimal water supply flow should not exceed 2 m/s. Otherwise, solid impurities will begin to negatively affect the functioning of the structure.
- During the installation process, the use of flux is important; at the final stage, the entire system must be cleaned. Otherwise, corrosion will form on the copper walls.
- There should be no overheating at the joints of the structure. Otherwise, the strength of the structure is lost, as is the tightness at the joints.
- It is planned to carry out soldering using other metals; connecting a copper pipe with a brass or bronze fitting is mandatory, otherwise the pipe will lose its strength.
- If irregularities or burrs appear during pipe cutting, they must be smoothed out before soldering. This is due to a decrease in working time, the appearance and increase in the area of deformation.
- The use of abrasive compounds is strictly prohibited. Residual particles may result in metallic defects or fistula formation.
When in contact with other substances during work from additional types of material, the flow of water should be directed from them to the copper structure. If this rule is violated, chemical reaction pipeline.
Fig 2. Water direction The metal has great ductility, so it is easily subject to deformation during the cutting process.
Main types of connections
Once you start, it makes sense to read the wiring instructions and take care of the preliminary preparation: cut several pipes. You will need the following tools:
- pipe cutter,
- pipe bender,
- hacksaw,
- file.
To properly carry out stripping, it is optimal to use sandpaper. Correct calculation of materials can only be made if there is a plan for future work, what pipe diameter is appropriate. Counting the number of connecting elements is considered a necessary procedure.
There are several ways to connect copper pipes used in installation work:
- Welding. On manufacturing enterprises, the process has long been automated. However, it can be used independently using a special apparatus and electrodes. To create a protective environment, helium, argon, and nitrogen are used. In some situations you have to use a gas burner. Electrodes use copper, carbon, graphite or tungsten.
An important nuance is the strong discrepancy in the obtained characteristics of the seam and the metal from which the pipe is made. There is also a difference in chemical definition composition, thermal conductivity parameters. If there is a violation in the technology, the likelihood of seam divergence will increase several times.
Fig 3. Welding result Only a qualified specialist with great experience. There are many nuances involved when choosing this technology. When planning to do all the work yourself, it is better to use alternative way connections.
- Capillary. In everyday life, specialists rarely encounter the need to connect copper pipes. The most simple solution The task at hand is soldering using a gas burner or a blowtorch.
There are two ways:
- using high temperatures. You will need a burner made of propane or acetylene, alloys of hard metals,
- at low temperatures. Enough blowtorch and soft metals.
Figure 4. Capillary soldering The end result is almost identical: a reliable and durable connection. The first option involves a more durable and smooth seam. But the likelihood of burning the pipe increases due to the high heating temperature of the gas. For solder you will need a base of tin, or a combination of lead with bismuth, copper or silver. But the use of heavy metals (lead) is not advisable when installing water supply.
At home it is possible to implement:
- connecting copper pipes using compression fittings,
- bell-shaped
When choosing the second option, one end of the pipe is first expanded using an expander. It is put on the end of another pipe and soldered. The procedure is performed only at the joining of pipes. When expanding the end of the pipe, leave 0.1-0.2 mm as a gap. The space is completely filled using capillary technology.
It is important not to cause mechanical damage to the structure when soldering. If the pipe is made of durable R290 copper, it is pre-fired. The result is an analogue with greater softness. Changes in pressure must be taken into account during the calculation process.
To facilitate the process, you can purchase ready-made connecting fasteners: coupling, tee, turn, plug. They already have a bell. But this requires additional financial costs, although it significantly simplifies the procedure, it reduces work time.
Figure 5. Fasteners The pipe is coated with flux so as not to use additional filters for cleaning. Soldering is carried out when reaching optimal temperature. When melting, the metal flows inside. If a large amount gets in, it will flow out on its own from inside the structure. As a result, the pipe diameter becomes smaller.
- Press coupling or collet fitting. In places where it is planned to make solder, put on a ring with a seal. If a press coupling is used, then it must be clamped with pliers, and when fitting, you need to acquire a wrench and a union nut. The ends of the pipes must fit tightly so that there are no gaps. The coupling eliminates leaks.
Figure 6. Push-in fitting To implement household tasks, connecting copper tubes using auxiliary elements and without soldering is the best option, since the likelihood of making serious mistakes is reduced.
Figure 7. Methods for connecting copper pipes Selection of installation equipment
In practice, two options for installing a copper piping system are most often used. Before starting work, everyone decides for themselves which pipeline will be: detachable or permanent.
Highlight following methods connections:
- welding using an electric apparatus,
- by pressing,
- usage gas burner or an electric soldering iron.
All methods are allowed to be selected in production, regardless of the type of pipeline. The main thing is to decide whether fittings will be used additionally or not. If the system must be easy and accessible in terms of repairs or additions additional elements, it is advisable to make the pipeline detachable. Fitting can be selected:
- compression,
- threaded,
- with automatic fixation.
For self-creation This is the best option; there is no need to use soldering. It is not necessary to have great experience or knowledge to make a collapsible system yourself in living conditions. You will have to tighten the nuts periodically to avoid leaks. Constantly adjusting the pressure leads to a decrease in the strength of the fasteners.
The option without connecting the connectors is relevant in a situation where you plan to close it concrete screed. Here welding will become a mandatory procedure. It differs from the first option in its long service life and reliability. Threads should not be present on a copper product. The connection is made only using fittings. Additionally, soldering or pressing will be required.
Figure 8. An example of a one-piece system Conclusion
The choice of connecting copper pipes depends on the conditions under which all work is planned to be carried out and for what purposes it is necessary. As a rule, soldering work using a special apparatus is advisable if you have specialized knowledge and experience. Without soldering, this is definitely an option for household use.
In the latter case, additional connecting elements and fittings are purchased. But you will have to periodically monitor the condition of the pipeline, since over time the fasteners may leak. Therefore, you will have to periodically tighten the fasteners.
Copper pipes can be connected in the most different ways. All these methods have their own characteristics. This article explains each of the methods for connecting copper pipes.
Connecting copper pipes using soldering
This method of connecting pipes is used when the joint is intended for further sealing. Soldering when connecting copper pipes can be of two types:
1. High temperature soldering. It is produced using the following gases: propane - air, acetylene - air, propane - oxygen, acetylene - oxygen. At the same time, the copper pipe at the junction heats up to 600-750 degrees Celsius. Particular care should be taken when soldering copper pipes using an oxygen-acetylene torch. If the pipe is heated to a temperature of more than 800 degrees Celsius, then ruptures are likely to occur in it.
2. Low temperature soldering. This type of soldering is used if the operating temperature of the pipeline is no more than 110 degrees Celsius. At low temperature soldering the connection is heated to a temperature of about 200-250 degrees Celsius. Acetylene-air and propane-air gases are used to heat copper pipes. Electric heaters can also be used.
Technology for connecting copper pipes by soldering
1. According to the measurements taken, the copper pipe is cut. Then it needs to be calibrated.
2. Using a special sponge designed specifically for copper, as well as a brush, you need to clean the outer edge of the copper pipe to be connected. The inside of the capillary fitting also requires cleaning.
3. After this, the pipe is inserted into the socket of the capillary fitting. You need to insert it all the way.
To remove excess flux, use a clean rag.
4. The place where the pipe will connect to the fitting must be heated using a gas burner. As soon as the flux changes color, solder can be introduced into it.
5. Once the solder has hardened, it is necessary to remove the remaining flux from the surface of the fitting.
Connecting copper pipes using fittings
Copper pipes are connected without soldering using fittings. Depending on the type of connection, fittings can be crimped (collet) or welded. Copper pipe connection compression fittings There are two types: for semi-hard and soft copper pipes and for hard and semi-hard pipes. The collet connection of copper pipes is made as follows:
1. First you need to select the right size collet fittings.
2. After this, the pipe is trimmed and the burr is removed.
3. Then you need to insert the copper pipe into the prepared fitting. The clamping nut is first tightened all the way by hand, and then pulled with a wrench until the pipe is slightly deformed.