How to make steps for a cantilever staircase. Staircases cantilever design features. Types of wooden stairs

1. Introduction
2. Stairs made of natural and artificial stone
3. Concrete and reinforced concrete stairs
4. Wooden stairs
5. Staircases made of steel structures
6. Bibliography
7. Introduction

Faulty condition of stairs (corrosion of metal stringers, increased deflections of landings and flights, loose fit of landings and flights to the walls, cracks, potholes, peeling of the floor in landings and steps, depressions in steps from abrasion, loosening of fences, handrails and safety nets, damage railings, rotting of wood, insufficient strength of fastenings of bowstrings to strut beams, etc.) should be eliminated as they appear and further destruction should be prevented.

The metal elements of stairs should be periodically painted every five to six years, after first cleaning the surfaces from rust. Metal stringers must be plastered or painted

providing a fire resistance limit of 1 hour.

When deflecting flights of stairs and sites exceeding permissible standards (in the case of increasing deformation), maintenance workers housing stock must strengthen the load-bearing elements of the stairs (according to the project), having previously taken measures for the safe operation of the stairs.

Repairing cracks, depressions, potholes and edges in staircase structures should be done as defects appear, using materials similar to the material of the structures. Lost strength stair steps in collapsible marches must be replaced with new ones.

Gaps between the flight of stairs and the wall should be sealed cement mortar. It is recommended to correct chips in tread rollers by using ready-made inserts or concreting on site.

In stone steps, damaged areas should be cut out and repaired with stone inserts.

Replacing damaged ones and fixing loose ones ceramic tiles on staircase landings, new ones must be carried out immediately after detection of defects.

4.8.6. Wooden handrails that are cracked or warped should be replaced with new ones. Minor damage (burrs, uneven surface) should be eliminated by cleaning the surface or replacing individual unusable parts with inserts and then finishing the handrail.

Damaged sections of PVC handrails should be cut out and replaced with new ones of the same shape and color. The joints of the handrail inserts must be welded and cleaned.

Bowstrings and coverings that have fallen into disrepair landings steps and damaged parts of fences must be replaced, and loose fences must be strengthened.

When conducting overhaul staircases must include ramps.

Staircase structures should be painted every five years.

Staircase elements:

minimum permissible value of support on concrete and metal surfaces- 50 mm, on brickwork- 120 mm;

permissible violation of the horizontality of landings is no more than 10 mm, and steps of stairs - no more than 4 mm;

the deviation of the railing from the vertical is no more than 6 mm.

Staircases:

glazing must be in good working order; the presence of fittings on windows and doors (handles, hardware), staircase lighting;

the room should be regularly ventilated, the air temperature should be at least +16C;

Regular cleaning must be ensured: sweeping of windows, window sills, heating devices- not once every 5 days; walls - at least 2 times a month; washing - at least once a month;

Entrances from stairwells to the attic or roof (with no-attic roofs) must be locked.

It is prohibited to use staircases (even on a short time) for storing materials, equipment and inventory, to arrange storerooms and other utility rooms under flights of stairs.

Valves, electrical panels and other disconnecting devices located on the stairs must be located in closed cabinets, the keys to which are kept by the manager of the housing maintenance organization.

1. STAIRS MADE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL STONE

1.1 Stage divergence external staircase from freezing

Cause: Incorrect installation

Freezing of external staircases of old buildings can
be the result of an improperly executed foundation. When the foundation settles, the slope of the steps changes, rainwater and snow falls between them, freezing occurs in winter. The reason may also be incorrect installation steps. The right way, when the treads slope outward, is to create such profiles when the seams are located above the planes of the treads.

Repair method: in most cases, complete dismantling, then thorough correction of defects and installation of steps by qualified specialists. Naturally, damaged steps are repaired, and some of them are replaced. In the latter case, you should select a more resistant stone material (granite, syenite, gabbro, andesite, freshwater hard limestone, marble).

1.2 Cracking of steps, violation of the rigidity of the cantilever seal (vithousand) stairs

Cantilever staircases are unique functional elements of the interior that can give it lightness and modern look, while maintaining free space in room. main feature any such staircase lies not only in the configuration itself, but also in the specific type of fastening of the steps, which do not have obvious support. They do not have traditional variations of stringers or hybrid vertical supports characteristic of screw structures. The cantilever steps of the staircase are open on all sides. They seem to float in the air, as the steps come out of the wall.

Our company produces cantilever stairs in Moscow and other cities of Russia.

The benefits you will get by contacting us:

• professional designers and craftsmen;
• extensive experience;
• quality assurance;
• strict deadlines;
• free site visit;
• extensive consultations;
• large selection of modern materials;
• individual approach;
• favorable prices.

Fill out the form below and our specialists will contact you as soon as possible and provide a large number of examples of completed work and will provide professional advice on issues related to the manufacture of modern stairs.

A feeling of lightness is created by attaching only one part of the steps to hidden supports, and wall-mounted handrails are used as handrails. This is why the cantilever stairs in the photo may seem unsafe. However, the correct design of such a structure completely eliminates the risk of its destruction, ensuring the safety of each family member.

In general, cantilever stairs, unlike traditional structures, have the following advantages:

• occupy a minimum of space, so they do not clutter up the visiting space;
• do not block light and air currents in room;
• have a stylish attractive appearance, having the opportunity to enter as a highlight of any living room;
• They have an acceptable cost, which is realized due to the small amount of materials for their production.

But, like any other interior items, cantilever stairs have not only positive, but also some negative qualities:

• require the most durable fastenings;
• difficult to design and install;
• less safe than traditional stairs due to the lack of double-sided railings (at the customer’s request, railings can be installed on the free side of the steps).

However, with a professional approach, all these disadvantages can be leveled out, which makes cantilever staircases suitable for any cottages and two-level apartments.

Manufacturing of cantilever stairs

To produce cantilever stairs today, a wide variety of materials are used, including:

• Metal. Such designs are not particularly popular because, due to the characteristics of the material, they are quite difficult to fit into the most common interior styles. However, console metal staircase can be an excellent solution for a high-tech or loft style interior.
• MDF and wood. These are the most common materials for the manufacture of steps of cantilever stairs, which is primarily due to the universal interior qualities of the materials. A cantilever staircase made of wood will fit perfectly into any interior.
• Plastic. Only the most durable types of plastic can be used. But most often it is used only for finishing the treads of steps.
• Glass. Strained glass- This is a fairly popular material for making steps of cantilever stairs. Such structures look almost weightless, but require additional strengthening.
• Concrete. Console concrete staircase quite complex in design and execution, since it requires reinforcement of each individual element.

In addition to the directly visible part, any cantilever staircase also has a part of the structure hidden from view, which ensures its reliable fixation. This structural element is made of metal in the form of channels and brackets, as well as anchor bolts.

There are several basic ways to attach cantilever stairs. Among them:

• Wall. The steps cut directly into the wall to a depth of up to 40 centimeters, which depends on the material of the stairs.
• Kosour. A staircase on a metal stringer has the appearance of a complex welded structure and, as a rule, is used in cases where the steps cannot be cut into the wall. Also, such structures can be found under the name of a cantilever staircase on a side stringer.
• Bolts that connect the free part of the treads, thereby transferring the load to each subsequent element until they are fixed to the floor or ceiling.
• Cables acting as additional support, at the same time replacing handrails. In this case, the load from the free side of the steps is transferred to the ceiling.
• Profile. Quite a reliable design option cantilever staircase having common features with a stringer. In this case, the steps are fixed to the profile, which is then covered with finishing materials.

As for the cost, the price of a cantilever staircase depends on a number of factors, including production materials and type of fastening, as well as the height of the structure and other conditions.

Style trends in interior design are increasingly influencing the modification of staircase structures. Thus, cantilever stairs are gaining popularity. Its advantage is that it does not interfere with the spread of light indoors. This design looks quite non-standard, one might even say bizarre. The treads simply hang in the air on consoles lowered from the ceiling. But you shouldn’t be afraid to walk on it, because the design is well thought out. If you have construction experience and desire, you can make a comfortable and unusual cantilever staircase with your own hands.

Design features

Design advantages:

• unusual appearance;
• low material consumption - such stairs do not have risers, and sometimes even railings;
• space saving.

It is important when designing such a structure to take into account the loads perceived by the tread. They must withstand 150 kg. – and this figure does not take into account the weight of the handrails.

Even organizations engaged in the manufacture of cantilever staircases do not have products ready for installation. They have only individual elements from which the march will later be assembled. Each design must be developed individually for the customer, taking into account all conditions.

But making such a staircase is quite difficult. Its installation takes place during the construction stage or before finishing the premises. There are several ways to attach treads:

1. Embedding steps into the wall.
2. Embedding brackets into the enclosing structure, onto which treads will subsequently be attached.
3. Fastening steps using anchors.
4. Ceiling mount.
5. Brackets that are welded or screwed to a steel bowstring.

If the house is made of brick or heavy blocks, good option To install a cantilever staircase, the steps will be sealed during the construction stage. To do this, the ends of the treads must be embedded into the wall at a distance of 1/4 of the finished product. So, if you want to make a flight of stairs equal to 80 cm, then you need to lay 20 cm steps. Another requirement for this installation option is that the tread must be pressed down with at least ten rows of masonry.

In case of using lighter building materials, such as porous ceramic, hollow expanded clay concrete blocks or slotted brick, the depth of laying the treads increases by 1.5-2 times and will be 30-40 cm. This will be difficult to implement if the thickness of the designed wall is less than required.

Aerated concrete buildings also have their own design features for cantilever staircases. In the walls, it will be necessary to strengthen the places where all treads are sealed using embedded elements made of heavy concrete. There is no need to worry about the appearance, because there are decorative overlays, for example, wooden ones. Laminated panels, natural or fake diamond. When using this design in a loft style solution, you can leave everything unchanged.

With this option for installing a cantilever staircase, it is necessary to wall up a profile pipe no more than a meter long into the wall. The depth of the bookmark should be at least 25-30 centimeters. The remaining outlets should correspond to 2/3 of the tread length. The requirements for the walls remain the same, and the possibility of choosing the material for the steps has expanded. For this fastening option, you can use engineered solid wood, as well as materials based on wood composite, such as chipboard, MOR. This happens because the treads no longer act as self-supporting structures. The entire load is transferred to the brackets embedded in the wall. Metal parts can be hidden in grooves or holes that are drilled in the treads.

Fastening with anchors

This method is used when the walls have already been erected and it is not possible to embed them into the finished enclosing structure. fasteners, as in the first two cases. But it also remains important material. Walls made of porous block or slotted brick are unable to hold anchors.

To reduce the possibility of anchors being pulled out if the walls are not made of sufficiently strong material, it is necessary to significantly increase the size of the support areas.

In order to carry out such an installation of a cantilever staircase, you will need welded brackets with support platforms. The finished elements must be attached to the wall at the location of the steps using anchor bolts. Their number must be at least four, and their length must be from 15 cm, while the radius must be chosen more than 10 cm.

Ceiling mount

This method will be an alternative for those whose house has already been built or whose boundary walls are not strong enough to withstand the loads. The steps must be secured before starting finishing works. To briefly describe the essence of this method, it consists in using a powerful welded metal frame made of channel, also suitable profile pipe. This design spans the entire height of the room, because the metal frame will be attached to the ceiling.

The metal frame is placed along the entire length of the flight close to the wall. It also needs to be tied to the upper and lower floors. After this, it is necessary to weld the cantilever supports for the treads to the resulting racks; it is possible to use fastening bolts. The resulting frame can be hidden with plasterboard sheathing or masonry made of light blocks.

Steel bowstring

This method of installing a cantilever staircase is perhaps the most difficult.. It uses brackets that are welded or screwed to a steel bowstring. This is the only support. It must be secured to the floors using powerful support platforms and anchors. To prevent the bowstring from twisting under load, it is necessary to create complex design. It will have welded trusses with stiffening ribs, which are located transversely, diagonally and longitudinally. This design is a bit like the booms of a tower crane. You will also have to work hard with the console. It needs to be thought through to avoid the unsteadiness of the steps, provided that it is not embedded in the wall.

Strengthening the structure

If you doubt the safety of operation and reliability of your cantilever staircase, you can use some engineering tricks to strengthen the structure:

• Rigid connection of treads to each other. Loaches are suitable for this. They will transfer the loads to the floor. Bolts are hidden bolts that are used with a spacer sleeve. If we talk about the cantilever structure, then it is necessary to connect each pair of treads using one such bolt, placing it at the hanging edge. Since all the main loads fall on wall mount, then it becomes possible to use Bolts small size. This option for strengthening the structure will make it possible to reduce the brackets. So, for each step it will be sufficient to use one pair of rods, which will have the following parameters: length - 40-60 cm, diameter - 3-4 cm, embedding in the wall - 8-16 cm.

Bolts can be hidden by disguising them as parts of the enclosing structure, and also hidden in the inside of the riser.

• Mounting to the ceiling using ties. For this work you will need cables, the material for which is stainless steel 8-10 mm thick. You will also need to install screw hooks - a lanyard. They will help eliminate slackness of the cords. This option hanging mount will make the structure airy, in contrast to the bolted one.

Possible mistakes

When installing a cantilever staircase, there is a possibility of missing some features of its structure, which will lead to danger of use. The most common mistakes are:

• Incorrectly chosen method of attachment to the enclosing structure. For example, it would be a mistake to try to tie it to the masonry using anchors if the wall is made of slotted bricks or light blocks.
• Unreliable fastening of brackets to the wall. At wrong choice diameter of the steel anchor or if a plastic dowel is used instead, loosening of the treads may occur.
• Using insufficiently thick metal as a bracket or frame. Selecting an element diameter of less than 3 mm. can lead to twisting of load-bearing elements under load.
• Installation of treads on brackets in the wall without using a special damping gasket. Its use will prevent the transmission of footstep sounds through the building envelope to adjacent rooms.
• Use of fairly heavy material for railings. It is worth abandoning cast or forged fencing, because it will place additional stress on the steps.

Quite often, when designing houses, a contractor has to deal with problems of saving space when placing flights of stairs and creating certain interiors. This is due to the fact that these structures are quite bulky and require a lot of space for their normal functioning.

That is why many craftsmen are interested in the question of how to make a cantilever staircase with their own hands, since a similar type of this device can help solve this problem.

At first glance, this device gives the impression that it consists of separate sections that are suspended in the air. However, it should be noted that creating a cantilever staircase requires a lot of effort.

Properties

• This product has an original appearance, which the right approach can fit into any interior. (see also the article Interior of a hallway with a staircase in a private house - “recipes” for a cozy environment)
• To create such a design, a minimum amount of material is required.
• Space savings when using console devices increase significantly.
• Creating stairs of this type is quite problematic and is associated with a lot of different difficulties.
• When designing such a staircase structure, it is necessary to carry out very accurate calculations and measurements, since a load of at least 150 kg must be placed on a step fixed on one side.

Advice!
Before choosing a cantilever staircase for your home, you need to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of this device and make a decision that is ideally suited to specific conditions.

Manufacturing

• First of all, you need to understand that this ladder is mounted on one support. In this case, the installation instructions assume the installation of additional fasteners in the form of hanging systems, but the main load does not fall on them.
• To solve the problems of installing consoles, two installation methods are used. The first of them involves fastening the steps during the manufacturing process of the walls. The second method is to install load-bearing structure, which may look like a column.
• After the steps are installed, cables or slings are attached to them from the other edge, which are secured to the ceiling. Thus, we obtain a structure in the form individual elements stairs fixed on one side to a wall or column, and on the other side suspended on cables.

• It is worth noting that the suspension system itself begins to act as a barrier, but to increase safety, you can stretch additional elements, the purpose of which is to reduce gaps.
• Railings for cantilever stairs should be installed on the wall. They can be purchased in specialized stores, and the price of such products is sometimes so low that there is simply no point in making them yourself.
• It is very important to use a water level when carrying out all work., for the correct placement of parts in space.
• It is worth noting that not all types of these systems are equipped with suspensions. There are completely independent products that can withstand significant weight without additional support.

Advice!
When organizing suspension system it is necessary to create a certain level of tension that will support the steps in one position.
If the tension is too strong, you can loosen the area of ​​the main fixation.

Buy or make it yourself

First of all, you need to understand that the main criterion in the manufacture of flights of stairs is safety. At the same time, console devices require only high-quality elements and accurate measurements during their manufacture and installation. Therefore, such designs must be created very carefully, paying attention to even minor details.

Considering the complexity of such work, some craftsmen prefer to purchase finished products. They will definitely have correct forms, appropriate fasteners and will withstand the required load. However, installation must be carried out strictly according to the instructions, which must be included in the delivery package.

Advice!
By purchasing ready product, you should make sure that fasteners are available, since not all manufacturers include them with the parts.
You should also check all elements for visible defects.

Conclusion

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic. Also, based on the text stated above, you can get an idea of ​​the design and structure of cantilever stairs and methods of their installation.

At the same time, we can conclude that it is better to purchase this product in finished form, since factory parts have a large margin of strength and reliability.

When the need for comfortable and safe access to the second floor is thought about even in the process of designing a house, any type of staircase can be laid. This is much more effective than trying to squeeze in at least something digestible, not to mention aesthetics. One of the participants in our portal thought through everything in advance, and as a result he has a cantilever staircase, which is considered one of the most attractive in terms of “airiness”. His experience is interesting because, having remained a customer, he was still able to save a lot even in terms of finances, not to mention time and labor costs.

• About cantilever stairs.
• sergpn.
• Project.
• Materials and tools.
• Execution.

About cantilever stairs

The effect of lightness and airiness in these structures is achieved due to the absence of external supports in the usual sense - there is no even stringer, no bowstring, no vertical support. “Floating” steps are mounted directly into the wall, taking into account that the entire load will fall only on this fastener. When choosing this type of staircase, it is necessary to correctly calculate, first of all, the load-bearing capacity of the wall. The type of fastening of the steps depends on the result of the calculations; these can be the following options:

• insert into the wall - the depth depends on the strength of the wall, on average 20-40 cm;
• brackets - how special fasteners, and various variations (metal plates, channel, decorative supports);
• frame - with a minimum load-bearing capacity of the wall, a metal frame (channel, profile) is placed close to it, which is fixed to the ceilings, and cantilever steps are attached to it.

The handrail usually runs along the wall; if necessary, ceiling cords are used as a fence; in rare cases, for the sake of the visual component, both strands and a handrail are dispensed with.

As for materials, the flight of imagination is almost limitless, but the most practical stairs are those with steps on a metal frame with wooden overlays or cases. This is exactly the version our craftsman has.

Cantilever metal staircase from sergpn

sergpn

Project

Topicstarter's house was built according to monolithic technology, and since he originally conceived the cantilever staircase, one of the rigidity diaphragms metal frame and was involved in the construction. The missing fragment was supplemented with a channel.

All calculations and the project itself sergpn ordered from professionals. Both load-bearing capacity and resistance to dynamic loads are taken into account. Our craftsman believes that the project is mandatory.

sergpn

All points were taken into account at the design stage, I deliberately highlighted the cost of calculation as a separate line, and did not write that “we go to the barn, look at what scrap metal is left, and make a ladder out of it in approximately this shape.” Considering the pathological aversion of the majority of forum members to any expenses for designers and the desire to build according to intuition, I want to convey to them that the design and calculation are savings, not expenses.

Drawings of your staircase sergpn posted for everyone interested.

Materials and tools

Used materials:

• profile pipe 60×60×5 mm – frame of steps;
• sheet metal, 10 mm thick – support plates and “kerchiefs”;
• sheet metal, 4 mm thick – covering and end strips;
• channel 270×6 mm – the missing part of the support for four steps;
• chemical anchors, studs - for attaching support plates and channels to the wall.

Instead of bothering with cutting such thick metal with a grinder, I sent everything to the workshop for plasma cutting; an inverter welder and professional welders of the 5th category were used for welding.

Execution

The first stage of marking was to drill holes for the studs and fix them in the wall; the next step was to install the support plates for the steps and the channel on them. The craftsman preferred chemical anchors to conventional ones in order to avoid the formation of backlash in the future.

Due to certain difficulties, the algorithm for executing the steps turned out to be as follows:

• pipes are “tacked” to the support plate;
• headscarves;
• cover sheet;
• end strip.

This sequence is due to the fact that with other options it was not possible to maintain an ideal plane.

sergpn

They cooked one at a time, which was somewhat more difficult, due to the impossibility of attaching the thrust plates evenly (in some places it was reinforcement, in others there was some kind of nuisance). Therefore, each step is done individually. It is easier to weld a frame made of corrugated pipe, but this design works worse in bending than parallel pipes completely sewn on top with a covering plate. But, on the other hand, sewing a sheet on top is possible (as practice has shown) only for pipes that are already welded to the plate, otherwise it is difficult to maintain parallelism (the sheet leads). This is, in fact, why this assembly method was chosen.

Some participants in the topic were interested in the question of whether it would be easier to use through fasteners. As the craftsman answered, due to the load, it is impossible to make the bolts flush. But doing double the work of attaching the plates on the other side and then figuring out how to close them is too problematic. Others were confused by the scarves, since there are many examples of installing steps without this unit. It turned out that scarves are not only necessary, but also useful.

Since for financial reasons in the foreseeable future decorative wooden cases is not expected, the craftsman generously treated the finished structure with primer and stopped there for now.

As recommended by the project, after completion installation work The staircase was checked for load-bearing capacity using the “classical” method - 250 kg of cement bags were loaded onto the steps. The deflection was less than 1 mm, which is quite satisfactory, considering that the weight of the household is much less, and no one plans to jump on consoles.

Taking into account all expenses, the staircase cost 45 thousand rubles:

• project – 5 thousand;
• metal (with cutting) – 15 thousand;
• installation (welding/cutting on site) – 20 thousand;
• consumables and components (anchors, studs, electrodes, primer) – 5 thousand.

It took only four days to make the staircase. As he separately emphasizes sergpn, companies offering ready-made structures of this type quoted a price tag of 100 thousand rubles and a period of two weeks. Therefore, even if you refuse self-made in favor of a professional one, you can actually cut costs in half. If you have the appropriate skills and equipment, then the costs of materials are minimal in our times.

You can follow further developments of events, read more about different types staircases, including cantilever ones - in the article how to provide access to the stairs yourself cold attic- in the material. An example of a very unusual staircase is in one of our videos.