How to make a septic tank with your own hands from barrels using plastic containers as an example. How to make a septic tank with your own hands from barrels using the example of plastic containers What to make a septic tank for a bathhouse from

Every person wants to provide themselves with complete comfort not only in an apartment, but also in a private house, cottage, or bathhouse. And one of the key elements of comfort is the presence of a cleaning system Wastewater.

Such a system is a special aeration complex that ensures the purification of wastewater coming from a house or bathhouse. But complete comfort It also implies on-site amenities, that is, the bathhouse should also have a toilet.

In this case, you will need to install a more than simple septic tank for a bathhouse with a toilet. It will have to perform cleanup like ordinary water from a washbasin or shower stall, as well as human waste products. And this is a much more serious system.

Design of a septic tank for a bathhouse with a toilet

A toilet implies the presence of an additional chamber in the septic tank into which waste will be discharged, so it will be difficult to get by with just one container. For efficient work systems, it is recommended to use a septic tank consisting of several chambers and sections. There are septic tanks with toilets of various sizes on sale, made in the form of a plastic tank with a lid. Also, the treatment system can be built from stone and concrete, which will be cheaper, but will work worse.

The presence of a septic tank for a bathhouse with a toilet indicates the so-called black drains, that is, the very waste products of people, so the septic tank must be sealed to eliminate the possibility of harmful biological contaminants entering the soil.

As a rule, these should be two or three chamber systems:

The first is completely sealed, the bottom should be made of poured concrete or you can use a ready-made reinforced concrete slab.
The second chamber is a container with a drainage absorbent bottom.

If we talk about factory septic tanks, then ready-made two-chamber low-capacity systems are available for sale. They are affordable, and their installation is simple. They are able to work with foam and organic inclusions.

Photo	Name	Installation cost
		from 16,900 rub.
		from 16,900 rub.
		from 17,900 rub.
	Septic tank Summer resident	from 18,900 rub.
		from 18,900 rub.
		from 19,900 rub.
		from 22,900 rub.

Installing a septic tank for a bathhouse with local cleaning is not advisable. Besides similar systems all are designed for large volumes of wastewater, so the cost is much higher.

It is better to use low-capacity systems with a sedimentation tank and soil treatment. They will cope perfectly with a small volume of incoming water, and will not have any negative impact on the environment.

Where to place a septic tank for a bath?

In order for the treatment system to work stably and not have any impact on the environment and nearby buildings, it is necessary to correctly determine the location of the septic tank. To do this you need to use the following rules:

The distance from any building to the septic tank must be at least 3 m. It depends on the depth of the septic tank and its design. We are talking about 2 meters depth.
If there is a source of drinking water nearby, then it should be at least 20 m away.
If the groundwater level is high, then it is important to carefully select the location. It should be as high as possible.
The septic tank must be provided with free access to carry out its qualified maintenance.
When laying drain pipe it is important to take into account its angle of inclination, which should not be less than 2-3 degrees per 1 m of length.

Company "Neptune Pro" except installation and maintenance simple septic tanks also offers the installation of biological treatment systems where the toilet can be used. All services are offered at a high level and a guarantee is provided.

Many owners country houses Are you wondering whether it is necessary to install a septic tank under the bathhouse? The answer is definitely necessary. This facility will allow for wastewater recycling and treatment. A septic tank is especially needed for a bathhouse with a toilet, because such wastewater requires high-quality, effective cleaning and processing. Without such a treatment facility, the bathhouse will not be able to function properly. If you are not using a septic tank, but sewer well, then you will have to pump it out too often. In our article we will tell you how to properly install a septic tank under a bathhouse. And the video at the end of the article will help you understand the process more clearly.

Before thinking through the design of the future septic tank, you need to decide whether there will be a toilet in the bathhouse or not. The thing is that the wastewater from an ordinary bathhouse without a bathroom is liquid and almost pure, so in this case there is no need to make a complex structure.

The design of septic tanks for a bathhouse with and without a toilet is somewhat different:

In a garbage disposal facility without a toilet There is no need to provide a special filtration system in the septic tank. In this case, it is enough to equip a well from concrete rings without a bottom on a layer of gravel and crushed stone, and the runoff will filter into the soil itself.
Septic tank under a bathhouse with a toilet must be made in the form of a multi-chamber structure. The first sealed settling chamber is needed to collect feces, and the following compartments perform filtering functions.

The advantages of constructing septic tanks for homes and bathhouses from rings without a bottom include simplicity of design and speed of installation, the ability to save on materials, and the absence of the need for frequent cleaning. However, such a septic tank under a bathhouse does not guarantee high quality wastewater treatment.

It’s worth knowing: septic tanks for homes and baths can be single-chamber or multi-chamber.

If you decide to make a septic tank for a bathhouse, then the choice of material for it depends on the groundwater level. A septic tank can be installed using the following types of materials:

Metal barrels without a bottom cannot be used in areas of high groundwater. It is better to choose this septic tank material for sandy soils.
Plastic barrels with holes for filtration. This option is also not suitable for high groundwater level(groundwater level). They can only be installed on sandstone.
You can make a simple septic tank from concrete rings.
Some types of septic tanks are made of monolithic reinforced concrete.
A small sump can be built from car tires.
Sometimes one or more PVC cubes are used to equip a treatment plant.

Important: the dimensions and depth of the septic tank for a house or bathhouse are selected individually. If the septic tank does not provide for the use of a drainage pump to pump wastewater into the general sewer system, then it is necessary to provide a place for the access of a sewage disposal truck.

Choosing a site for construction

If you decide to build a septic tank for a bathhouse with your own hands, then you should pay attention Special attention choosing a place for its installation. When choosing it, adhere to the following rules:

To facilitate connection to the sewer system, it is better to locate the septic tank close to the house.
From water sources located on the site, the treatment plant should be located at a distance of 20-25 m.
The septic tank should be located at a distance of 10-15 m from the residential building.
If the groundwater level on the site is high, then the choice of location should be approached with special care.
The septic tank under the bathhouse must be located in such a place that it can be easily accessed by vacuum cleaners.
The pipe leading from the bathhouse to the septic tank should not be connected to it at an angle of more than 120 degrees. Otherwise, problems may arise with connecting and laying the pipeline.

On clay soils and in areas with high groundwater levels, filtration of wastewater from the bathhouse into the soil is impossible. In this case, other types of lead must be used. Suitable for these purposes storm drain or a body of water. You can also build a drainage ditch in the form of a tray with a concrete bottom. On sandy soils It is advisable to arrange a filtration absorption well, because this type of soil quickly absorbs large volumes water.

Treatment plant without pumping

A septic tank for a bathhouse without pumping can be used if you regularly use this structure (without a toilet), but you do not want to pump out wastewater frequently. In this case, water from the disposal facility will be drained into reservoirs, drains or other suitable places. It can also be collected in filtration wells, from where it will be filtered into the soil.

There are many options independent device such a treatment plant. In addition to them, you can use ready-made treatment plants. However, their price is rather high. Such designs are designed for different volumes of wastewater.

Principle of operation

As you already understand, to obtain better cleaning of wastewater from a bathhouse with a toilet, it is better to make not one settling tank, but several filtration compartments. In each of them, wastewater passes multi-stage cleaning, and at the end you will receive completely harmless purified water, which can be used for technical needs and watering the garden.

As a rule, to install a septic tank under a bathhouse with a toilet, a two-chamber design is required. In this case, both chambers are connected to each other by an overflow. The operating principle of such a structure is as follows:

The drainage from the bathhouse enters the first compartment of the structure through a pipeline. Here, the heavier and denser components of the wastewater settle to the bottom.
In addition, wastewater in the first chamber, where there is no oxygen, undergoes primary purification by anaerobic bacteria. These microorganisms live in conditions without access to oxygen, so such a chamber is a favorable habitat for them.
When the level of liquid waste in the first compartment reaches the overflow location mark, the water flows by gravity into the second compartment.
If the design of the second chamber does not provide a bottom, then the treated wastewater is filtered through a layer of gravel and crushed stone into the soil. If the septic tank under the bathhouse has a bottom in the second chamber, then the wastewater is discharged through a special pipe into a filtration well or ditch.

It is worth noting that during the life of bacteria, wastewater decomposes into gas and water. As a result of the activity of anaerobic organisms, methane gas is formed, the removal of which requires ventilation duct. To populate a septic tank with special microorganisms, ready-made biological products are used.

Treatment facility made of reinforced concrete rings

To properly make a septic tank for a bathhouse from concrete rings, you do not need to dig too deep a pit. When performing work, adhere to the following sequence of actions:

Two holes are dug nearby to the size of the concrete rings. For such a small structure, 1-2 products are enough. In this case, the diameter of the pit should be 20 cm larger than the diameter of the ring.
After installing the first concrete product, the bottom of the pit is filled with concrete to a height of 100-150 mm.
After this, the second ring is installed. To seal the seams between the rings, bitumen or bitumen mastic is used.
Now the sewer pipeline is being laid and the structure cover is being installed. In this case, a hole for a hatch must be provided in the lid. The first structure will serve as a settling tank.
Now we install the rings in the second pit.
We fill its bottom with a layer of crushed stone 150 mm thick.
There is no need to waterproof the seams in the second chamber.
The chambers are connected to each other via an overflow pipe. It should go at an angle from the first to the second chamber.
The second compartment is covered with a lid without a hatch.

Important: a septic tank under a bathhouse without a toilet can be made from one chamber, consisting of two concrete rings and a bottom covered with crushed stone.

Tire construction

It is very simple and inexpensive to make a septic tank for a bathhouse with your own hands from car tires. It can also be single-chamber or double-chamber, depending on the presence or absence of a toilet in the bathhouse. Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

They dig a pit at least 2 meters deep. Its diameter depends on the dimensions of the tire. It should be 15 cm larger.
Tires with inside cut a little so that after laying several elements on the inside there will be no such relief protrusions.
The tires are stacked on top of each other, forming a vertical well.
A pipeline with a cross-section of at least 100 mm is laid to the well. At the same time, it must pass below the soil freezing mark and go at a slope from the disposal facility to the well. If a two-chamber design is used, then an overflow pipe is installed between the two wells, running at an angle from the first to the second structure. To install the pipes, holes are cut in the side surface of the tires.
The bottom of the first well is concreted. And the bottom of the second structure is covered with rubble.
The gaps between the wells and the walls of the pit are filled with a mixture of crushed stone and sand, and then carefully compacted.
Wells must be covered with lids made of suitable material.

Septic tank made of PVC cubes

Quite quickly and cheaply you can make a septic tank under a bathhouse from Eurocubes. They are made of iron or PVC. The second option will be cheaper. Installation of cubes is carried out as follows:

The neck of the cube is cut to install a tee there. All joints are carefully sealed.
A hole is made on one side surface of the cube with a diameter equal to the cross-section of the supply pipe. This hole should be 25 cm from the top of the container.
On the top surface there is a hole for installing a ventilation pipe. It is attached to the tee.
After that in two-chamber septic tank holes are made for overflow. In the first cube it should be 150-200 mm below the hole through which wastewater enters the septic tank. And the hole for the overflow in the second cube should be 200-250 mm below this hole.
One pit is being dug for two cubes at once.
The bottom of the pit is concreted. Reinforcement outlets are made in it to fix the cubes.
To protect plastic containers from floating during floods, they are placed in reinforcement strapping and fixed to outlets at the bottom of the pit.
After insulation with polystyrene foam, the entire structure is filled with concrete up to the level of the neck of the cube.

Video instructions for arranging a septic tank for a disposal facility:

Construction of a bathhouse on a summer cottage is simply impossible without organizing all the necessary communications, including sewerage. We will tell you how to build a septic tank for a bathhouse in a country house with your own hands in this article.

To make the operation of the bathhouse as comfortable and long-term as possible, you need to take care of the drainage in advance. large quantity dirty water. The construction of a cesspool is the most acceptable way out of the situation, since it will allow the active use of the bathhouse without harming the environment or disturbing sanitary standards. In addition, a septic tank for a bathhouse with a toilet is simply a must, because a simple trench will not get by here.

Selection principle

At the stage of planning the construction of a septic tank with your own hands, or the installation of factory equipment, you should decide for what purposes it will be used, that is, what kind of wastewater will flow into it.

In most cases, if we're talking about about drains from a bathhouse, they mean “gray water”, which contains soap scum, fatty acids, surfactants, as well as skin particles and hair.

But in cases where the bathhouse is equipped with a toilet, the waste will be of a completely different nature. To dispose of such “black” sewage waste, you will need a septic tank of a special design, which has special filters and several settling chambers.

According to their structure, septic tanks can be either single-chamber or double-chamber. The simplest single-chamber septic tank is a design in which there is a large tank without a bottom, as well as drainage, that is, it works as a filter well. Metal barrels with a knocked-out bottom, reinforced concrete rings, and car tires with small holes made in them can be used as containers. The filter is a cushion of crushed stone placed at the bottom of the pit.

It is worth noting that when placing a cesspool on a site, you should take into account how high the groundwater on your site. If the water layer runs high enough, when calculating the size of the septic tank capacity, it is necessary to ensure that it can simultaneously hold as much water as is usually obtained with the active use of the bathhouse, otherwise it will quickly become overcrowded.

If a toilet is provided during the construction of a bathhouse, then the septic tank in this case must include at least two chambers. In addition, a similar option is relevant if you plan to regularly and intensively use the bathhouse. A septic tank of this design is available for sale in specialized stores.

And if you wish, you can build it yourself from well rings from reinforced concrete, concrete mortar, car tires or Eurocubes, that is, plastic tanks. At self-construction A septic tank made from well rings will need to take into account a number of individual conditions and parameters of your site and bathhouse.

In the first chamber, rough mechanical wastewater treatment is performed. It is covered with a layer of fine crushed stone or gravel, passing through which dirty water is filtered from large particles. And in the next chamber, the water settles, which has been subjected to initial rough purification.

The next container is a well through which water is gradually sucked into the ground. This design is provided for cases when a septic tank for a bathhouse without pumping is needed. In other cases general principle the operation of the septic tank will be similar, only the second chamber will serve and drainage well equipped with a bottom filter.

We draw your attention to the fact that with use, the bed of gravel and crushed stone in the first chamber gradually becomes clogged, as a result of which the speed of primary mechanical cleaning decreases. Therefore, this layer periodically needs to be completely replaced.

Types of septic tanks

Purchasing a factory-made ready-made septic tank for drainage of sewage waste is the simplest solution for summer cottage. However, often self-made cesspool copes with the task of cleaning and accumulating wastewater much better and more efficiently, moreover, the construction of such a structure will cost much less.

Cesspool with filter

This design consists of one chamber, the bottom of which is filled with 40-50 cm of cushion, which includes sand, small pebbles and gravel.

The walls of such a well are lined with brick or rubble stone.

Design advantages:

requires small financial costs;
produces high-quality wastewater treatment even with regular use;
is not difficult to build.

Flaws:

this type of drainage pit is unacceptable for a bathhouse with a toilet;
The drainage backfill silts up quite quickly, so it needs to be changed periodically.

Drain pit made from car tires

Before making a septic tank for a bathhouse from car tires, they should be cut off along the sides.

Chambers for the future septic tank should be dug approximately 2-3 meters from the bathhouse. The recommended pit depth is approximately 2-3 m, although the calculation is made taking into account the expected amount of water used. The diameter of the holes should be 15 cm larger than the size of the tires so that they can be fixed.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, it is necessary to seal the bottom. For this purpose it is used concrete mortar or clay. In the second chamber, a filtration bed of gravel and sand is poured onto the bottom.

Car tires are placed on top of each other in prepared pits. They need to be fastened together with wire, staples or plastic clamps.

To make it possible to install a pipeline for wastewater and channels for pouring it between the chambers, holes are cut in the tires.

For drainage, a 110 mm pipe is used, which is connected to the first tank at a level below the soil freezing line.

The tanks are connected to each other by an overflow pipe.

The remaining gaps between the tires and the walls of the pits must be filled with previously removed soil or clay.

From above, both chambers of the septic tank are covered with iron sheets or wooden shields. To disguise them, a layer of earth is poured on top.

Advantages of this type of septic tank:

using tires various diameters you can choose the diameter for a septic tank for a bathhouse, which will be optimal in each individual case;
such a design does not require large expenses for materials and their delivery, and it is very simple to build;
A septic tank made from tires is very convenient to use.

Flaws:

such facilities do not provide high level tightness;
As a result, the wastewater is not sufficiently treated before final absorption.

Please note that the construction of a septic tank from car tires with one chamber equipped with a filtration pad does not in any case involve placing a toilet in the bathhouse.

Septic tank from eurocubes

The sequence of actions when constructing a septic tank from Eurocubes is as follows:

In purchased plastic Eurocubes with a capacity of about 1 m3, tees are installed in the neck part, and holes are also cut for communications.
A pit is dug on the site, the width exceeding the size of the Eurocube by 15 cm on each side, after which the containers are immersed in the pits. By the way, septic tanks can be made from Eurocubes that do not require pumping out sewage.
In the process of creating a septic tank consisting of two chambers, the walls, as well as the bottom of the pit, must be concreted. To prevent fragile plastic containers from floating, they are attached to concrete screed using special clamps.
In the prepared pits you need to install Eurocubes, which are previously filled with water. It can be drained only after the hole is completely filled. A concrete solution should be poured between the walls of the containers and the pit, which will give the structure additional strength.
To prevent the water inside the septic tank from freezing, it is covered with a layer of polystyrene foam on top and covered with earth. And here ventilation pipes must be on the surface.
A sand-gravel mixture is poured into pre-dug trenches, in which drainage perforated pipes with a cross-section of 50 mm are laid.

Advantages of the structure:

Due to this design, very effective wastewater treatment is obtained;
Eurocubes ensure long-term and reliable operation of the septic tank.

Flaws:

Due to the need for preliminary concreting of the walls and bottom of the pit, such a septic tank is quite labor-intensive to construct.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

Cesspool from reinforced concrete rings its design is very similar to a shallow well.

For its construction, as a rule, two pits are prepared.

In this case, the depth of the septic tank and the number of required rings will be influenced by the level of the groundwater layer, as well as the expected volume of liquid to be drained.

In the first tank, the bottom is concreted to create a sealed chamber. The second tank at the bottom is covered with a sand and gravel layer 20-30 cm thick.

At the final stage, communication pipes are brought into the wells and covers with hatches are installed.

For a small volume of wastewater, you can build a single-chamber septic tank from concrete rings. In this case, its bottom is covered with gravel. Cesspool from plastic barrels will be built in the same way.

Industrial septic tanks

Those who do not want to bother with arranging a septic tank on their own prefer to purchase factory-made models of such products.

The following models are considered the most popular:

The Triton septic tank is available in two versions – micro 450 l and mini 750 l. Available in single- and double-chamber versions, with a weight of 40 and 70 kg, respectively. The design can withstand up to -30 ºС. A post-treatment system is included in the kit. The entire set, which also includes a lid with a neck, will cost consumers 12 and 21 thousand rubles, respectively.
Septic tanks of models DKS 15 and 15M are capable of processing up to 0.45 m 3 of liquid per day. They are easy to use and maintain. Such products cost about 29-35 thousand rubles.

For more deep cleaning on the market you can find stations of the Topas, Unilos and similar models. Such filtration systems require more significant costs.

However, we note that simple designs equipped with sedimentation tanks and filters for rough cleaning are best suited for installation in a dacha. If necessary, you can supplement them with additional soil treatment.

In most cases, owners of private houses build a bathhouse on their personal plot. But this little stronghold of cleanliness and relaxation is not only a source of health and Have a good mood. The bathhouse is also a source of wastewater. And it is important to think about where and how the wastewater will be discharged even at the stage of construction of this structure. You can build a regular cesspool, but it will also work.

Options for collecting wastewater from a bathhouse

The bathhouse is a small building, and it is usually not used every day. Someone suits himself water treatments it flows once a week, some more often, but still there is certainly no such intense flow from it as from a house. Therefore, there are two ways to organize the collection of wastewater from a bathhouse - this is to build a regular storage tank next to it or to build autonomous sewerage Not large sizes(in other words, a septic tank). Wherein last option It can be either homemade or purchased in a store. Let's take a closer look at the options for collecting wastewater from the bathhouse.

Almost any container that can be used can become a storage device. ideal will have sealed walls and bottom. The fact is that drains from a bathhouse, due to the specific use of this design, often contain a large amount of surfactants, soap inclusions, and other things. If released uncontrolled into the environment, such chemical compounds apply great harm nature, since they decompose for a very long time. Accordingly, they can get into aquifers, from where we ourselves then collect drinking water. That is, we harm ourselves by simply draining dirty water into the street, into the soil under the bathhouse. Therefore, the sealing of the drive is very important.

Advice! If you have made a choice in favor of a drive, then the easiest way is to purchase a large plastic tank and collect dirty water into it. Then you won’t have to bother much with the construction of the structure, and such a “storage” will cost quite cheap.

Any container can be used as a storage device. You can build them yourself from car tires, concrete, bricks. The main disadvantage of such structures is that the water cannot go somewhere by gravity, which means that as the tanks are filled they will have to be emptied. For these purposes, it is necessary to call special sewer trucks or pump out the liquid yourself and take it for recycling yourself. Fortunately, as we have already said, the bathhouse produces a relatively small amount of water, and you don’t have to call the vacuum cleaners after each wash - they are invited when the container is full.

But the most convenient and, unfortunately, more expensive and labor-intensive construction process (if it is homemade) is a septic tank. This is a relatively small-sized autonomous sewer unit, consisting of several chambers in which wastewater is purified through the process of gravitational sedimentation of pollutants.

Attention! Water, even if it has passed all stages of purification in a septic tank, cannot be used for drinking. The fact is that from surfactants and others chemical substances it is extremely difficult to clean it even in industrial wastewater treatment plants– for perfect cleaning, special reagents, coagulants, and flocking agents are used. Simple sedimentation and subsequent filtration through soils is not enough for ideal water purification. However, in order to safely release treated wastewater into the ground, a conventional septic tank will be sufficient.

Septic tanks with and without pumping: pros and cons

To collect and purify wastewater from a bathhouse, you can install two types of structures - a septic tank that needs pumping, and a septic tank that the water leaves on its own.

Prices for septic tanks

We build a septic tank ourselves

You can build a septic tank with your own hands from different materials. These could be concrete rings, old car tires large sizes, eurocubes. Some create septic tanks even from old ones metal barrels or laid out by hand from bricks.

Very often owners personal plots they create a septic tank out of brick, despite the fact that here you should have some skills in forming the correct masonry, and the construction time for this structure will be quite long.

On a note! A brick septic tank can have a square/rectangular and round section– it all depends on the wishes of the owner of the site and the bathhouse.

Advantages of building a brick septic tank:

relatively low cost of material;
availability of material (you can use used bricks);
relative ease of installation;
the ability to easily lay pipes;
there are several construction options (i.e. the septic tank may have different shapes, which can be easily given to him when working with the material);
You can build this version of a septic tank without the help of third parties.

Disadvantages of building a brick septic tank:

the tightness of the device is low;
settling chambers must be waterproofed;
long construction period.

We build a septic tank from brick

We will build a brick septic tank with our own hands, having the following parameters:

upper diameter – 2.4 m;
lower diameter – 1.9 m;
depth – 3.5 m.

Step 1. In the place chosen on the site, we begin by making the boundaries of the pit, simply digging up the piece of earth we need with a shovel.

Step 2. Next, we begin to deepen the pit, removing the soil. We gradually dig a pit of the required size. For convenience, we can lift the soil from the bottom using a simple winch. Be sure to level the walls of the pit during the digging process.

Step 3. At the bottom of the pit we build a cushion of sand and crushed stone, spreading it in a layer of about 20-30 cm. We prepare a place for the foundation on which we will lay the brick.

On a note! The bottom of the first chamber of the septic tank must be sealed and filled with concrete with reinforcement laid, and if the second chamber is a filtration well, then it will simply be partially covered with sand and crushed stone so that water can seep deep into the ground.

Step 4. We build the formwork and fill it with concrete. We wait until the solution dries well and remove the formwork.

Step 5. We begin to lay bricks according to all the rules of masonry. We lay it inside the sump without gaps and cracks, covering the cracks well with a fastening solution, and in the filtration chamber it can leave small holes in the walls.

Step 6. When laying bricks, be sure to lay inlet and outlet pipes for waste water and for post-treatment.

Step 7 Getting ready to pour the floor. We cover the septic tank from above with boards. We install the formwork in the place where the hatch will be. We support the flooring from below wooden planks, pillars so that nothing falls.

Step 8 Cover the surface with plastic film.

Step 9 We install the reinforcement from metal rods, laying it on low-height bars.

Step 10 Fill the prepared surface with concrete mixture.

Step 11 After the concrete has dried thoroughly, remove the formwork from inside the septic tank. All that remains is to install the hatch cover, and the structure can be used.

Video - Building a septic tank from brick

Biofilter

The need to use this device arises if it is not possible to build a traditional septic tank with a soil-based post-treatment system, since the groundwater lies quite high. At the same time, water that has passed through even two chambers of a septic tank is still only 60% purified, and it is not possible to use it for irrigation due to the characteristic amber. Therefore, in order to bring water to a more or less pure state, biofilters are used, where anaerobic bacteria carry out treatment work.

There are septic tanks that already have such a filter initially, but the cost of such installations is quite high. In this case, a biofilter can be purchased separately and installed on a septic tank made by yourself. In terms of finances, this will be a smart decision.

After a septic tank appears near the bathhouse, you can use it without fear for your own health and condition environment. And to make a septic tank yourself, it is important to be patient and have the necessary materials.

Going to the bathhouse is accompanied by the production of a large amount of wastewater, which needs to be disposed of somewhere. You need to think about how to eliminate them even before building a bathhouse. There are few exits:

Direction of drainage into the ground under the floor or along a trench. This phenomenon occurs in small baths in the villages. Significant disadvantage method - the ground cannot always quickly absorb the incoming liquid; the soil constantly gets wet, as a result - a detrimental effect on the foundation.
Build a separate septic tank for the bathhouse. This is a kind of sewer system that receives water into a built-in tank.

Main types of septic tanks

The main varieties of ready-made and homemade septic tanks 2:

1) Single-chamber;
2) Two-chamber.

A single-chamber septic tank is optimal for installation in a bathhouse without a toilet, where the effluent is water with dissolved soap substances, particles of dead skin and hair. It is a well without a bottom, working on the principle of a filter: significant contaminants remain on the surface, and purified water goes into the ground. The walls of such a device can be made of car tires, concrete rings, or plastic barrels.

A two-chamber septic tank for a bathhouse with a toilet is simply irreplaceable. A single-chamber one will not work in this case. The design of a two-chamber well consists of:

The first compartment in which mechanical purification of water from large contaminants occurs. The water then enters the second compartment.
The second chamber is a settling tank. This is where water purification takes place. An open bottom works on the same principle as a single-chamber well: the liquid is filtered by crushed stone and soil. This is a septic tank for a bathhouse without pumping, that is, removing the liquid with a sewer machine is not required.

Homemade septic tanks for baths

Buying a ready-made device is not always advisable: septic tanks cost a lot. Many developers prefer to build a receiving well for wastewater themselves. You can make it from scrap materials or purchase inexpensive components for construction.

Option No. 1: septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

This type is used more often than others. You will need to purchase several reinforced concrete rings, starting from 2 pieces.

How to make a septic tank for a bathhouse:

Dig a hole at least 1.5 meters deep. The diameter of the recess should be 20-30 cm larger than the size of the ring.
The first ring is installed at the bottom of the pit. Its bottom must be concreted with a 10 cm cushion; installation of a frame in it is not required.
If the container has an open bottom, crushed stone 30...40 cm thick is poured onto the bottom, which will serve as a filter.
Place a second ring on the first ring and seal the seam with mastic.
Pipes are placed into the septic tank and a lid with a hatch is installed.
Fill the hole and compact the soil.

If a two-chamber well is being built, next to the first one, another ring structure is installed using the same algorithm. In it, the bottom is filled with crushed stone without concreting; the seams between the rings do not need to be insulated.

You can install a septic tank for a bathhouse yourself, which is a big plus - you save up to 50% of the cost of the device. The well will last for many years.

You will have to turn to the services of professionals: to lift the rings you will need special equipment.

Option No. 2: cesspool - filter

Such a septic tank is suitable for baths in which one family washes infrequently. The design of the pit is incredibly simple:

Dig a hole. It is necessary to make a flat bottom and walls for the convenience of subsequent work.
40-50 cm of crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pit, which will serve as a filter.
The walls are reinforced with brick or rubble masonry.

The advantages of the device are obvious:

Easy installation;
Minimum costs;
Effective cleaning incoming water.

The disadvantages include:

Need for frequent cleaning;
Not suitable for a bathhouse with a toilet.

Option No. 3: septic tank for a bathhouse from a barrel

The use of old Eurocubes or plastic barrels is optimal for constructing a small septic tank for a bathhouse in which a small number of people wash. Typically, such receivers are made with two chambers, without the need for pumping.

It is necessary to prepare 2 barrels: one will be the primary receiver, the second - without a bottom. The tanks are placed next to each other, the space between them is concreted to give strength to the device and fix it in one place.

The first barrel is located slightly higher than the second. This promotes a slow flow of liquid without large contaminants that settled to the bottom of the first reject. In the second barrel, the bottom is filled with crushed stone and sand, which perform final filtration and release clean water into the ground.

A septic tank under a bathhouse is installed in several stages:

Dig a pit with a total width of 20-30 cm greater than the diameter of the barrel. The distance between the tanks is maintained at 10-20 cm. The difference in the depth of the platforms for the tanks is 20-30 cm.
The bottom of the pit is covered with sand and crushed stone in a layer of 10-15 cm. It is ideal to concrete the floor with a 10-15 cm thick screed, into which you need to insert reinforcing rods, which will subsequently hold the septic tank in place.
Install tanks. Since plastic is a fragile material and will be located in the freezing zone, where soil pressure periodically increases, it must be protected from both loads and frost. For thermal insulation, it is optimal to use polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam and cover the tank with it. WITH outside barrels are furnished metal frame, which is tied with the foundation reinforcement and the tanks with each other.
Install pipes between the tanks and glue them. At the same stage, the inlet pipe from the sewer and ventilation ducts are connected.
Next, the vessels should be concreted. The concrete solution can be poured directly into the remaining gaps between the barrel and the wall of the pit. This method will significantly strengthen the plastic, but eliminates the possibility of inspecting the septic tank. You can go the other way - fill the space with crushed stone, which compensates for pressure loads, fill the soil removed from the pit on top and compact it.

For baths with a minimal and unstable flow of wastewater, it is enough to install one barrel with a perforated bottom, which can handle a small flow of liquid.

Option No. 4: septic tank for a bathhouse made from car tires

Almost every household has used car tires. You can also use them to make a wastewater receiver for a bathhouse. It is worth noting that it is better to use “clothes” of large diameter wheels.

The device is similar to the barrel skeptic, you need to follow the same scheme:

1) Equip 1 or 2 tanks;
2) The first tank will be 15-20 cm higher than the second;
3) In the first receiver it is done concrete bottom, in the second - crushed stone and perforated.

Before starting work, the inner ribs of the tires are trimmed so that large waste does not accumulate in them and blockages do not form.

How to make a septic tank from car tires for a bathhouse:

Dig a hole with a diameter exceeding the diameter of the tires by 20-30 cm.
The bottom of the first platform is concreted with a layer of 10-15 cm, the second is covered with crushed stone and sand to a depth of 30-40 cm.
Tires are stacked one on top of the other. The walls of the first are immediately concreted. Tire insulation is not required - the rubber adapts well to changes in soil pressure. Reinforcement of the tanks is also optional; the rings have enough weight to be pushed out.
Install the inlet and transfer pipes. The joints are sealed with sealant or mastic.
The walls of the second tank are not concreted, but filled with crushed stone up to half and only top part immersed in concrete.

The use of concrete in the installation can be replaced by a dense backfill with crushed stone. On top of such a well you need to arrange a lid from any suitable items: flooring boards, metal cover, you can use a real well cover with a hatch.

Ready solutions

Installing a septic tank for a bathhouse, assembled with your own hands, is a simple process, but it takes time. Of course, you can always use ready-made tanks and order installation or carry it out yourself using the same algorithms.

Ready-made septic tanks differ:

Volume of tanks;
Number of cleaning sections;
Productivity.

The higher these indicators, the more expensive the purchase of systems will cost. If the budget is limited, of course, it is better to equip a receiving well using the methods given above.