How to make a homemade heating register for your home. Types and installation of heating registers Floor heating register

Not only radiators, but also heating registers can act as a heating element. Today, the range offered to users is quite wide and includes devices of foreign and domestic production. You can also make a heating register from a profile and steel pipe with your own hands.

Design and principle of operation

The most common design of heating registers is two or three horizontal pipes located parallel to each other and connected to each other by thin jumpers through which the coolant passes. It is important that the distance between sections is maintained - 5 cm larger diameter pipes The pipes are welded at one end, and the supply and return are connected to the other.

In addition to the classic round design of pipes, heating system registers can be made of square or rectangular, while the principle of operation remains the same. The only thing in which a square pipe cross-section is inferior to a round one is a decrease in the quality of coolant flow and the likelihood of creating excessive internal water resistance in the pipes.

In addition to the registers included in the general heating system, there are designs with a built-in heating element. In such a register, the coolant is heated by electricity. The outer segment is equipped with a fitting for filling the coolant and further connecting the expansion tank or emergency valve.

The length of the register is selected based on the area of the room in which it is planned to install the heating system. In addition to the listed designs, there are also one-pipe, four-pipe and five-pipe models of devices.

What types of heating registers are there?

The standard design of heating registers is made of smooth pipes with a diameter of 25-200 mm. There are three types of heat-releasing devices, different in design features, pipe shape and material of manufacture.

Sectional registers. They are several identical pipe sections connected at the edges by pipes. The connection type can be serial or parallel. In the first case, connections are installed either from the left or from the right edge of the sections. On the opposite edge, instead of the pipes, a support is installed to hold the pipes in the desired position. IN parallel connection sections are connected to each other using pipes or manifolds. The advantage of sectional registers is that they can be connected at your discretion, depending on the number and location of jumpers: one-way, two-way, alternately, in series.
Serpentine registers. They are made from one pipe, bent in the shape of the letter S or the letter P. The option of connecting with arcuate pipes is possible. The number of bends is selected based on the size of the room and the required heating temperature. Unlike sectional devices, they only have a sequential supply of coolant. The coil usually has at least two pipes connected on one side by a jumper.
Register with fins. The device does not look very attractive, but it copes with heating better than the two previous types and takes up less space. Since it is problematic to weld such heating registers with your own hands, it is better to purchase a ready-made product.
Vertical register. Such devices look more attractive and compact, while the principle of coolant circulation is preserved. They can also be made from round, square and rectangular pipes. Basically, vertical registers made of rectangular pipes are used in small rooms, because... retain usable space better than round ones.

Regardless of the register design, the ends of the pipes are closed with plugs. They are flat, convex and elliptical. The latter are recommended for use in systems with increased coolant pressure, as well as to give the structure a beautiful appearance.

You can make both vertical and horizontal heating registers from pipes with your own hands, although you will have to make some effort. Choice suitable model depends on the heated area, the quality of the building’s thermal insulation, and the presence of additional heat sources.

What materials are registers made from?

Depending on what material the register is made of, the efficiency of its heat transfer, appearance, size, weight and cost will depend. Each material has its pros and cons that need to be taken into account when choosing:

steel registers. You can choose from carbon, galvanized or stainless steel. The first has high resistance to high temperatures and endurance. The carbon material is susceptible to corrosion, so it must either be painted or coated by special means. Steel pipes are connected by welding. Heating registers made from such pipes, made independently, will be inexpensive and of high quality, and installation will not cause difficulties. Galvanized steel is protected from corrosion, is cheap, but has an unattractive appearance and requires the use of electric welding. Stainless steel does not need to be painted, it does not rust, is easy to install, but is more expensive. The disadvantages of any type of steel are that it has low heat transfer (45.4 W/m x0 C);
aluminum registers. Compared to steel, they have a higher heat transfer rate (209.3 W/m x0 C). In addition, the material is lightweight, which makes it easier to install. The disadvantage of aluminum is its high cost. Such registers cannot be made at home, because this requires special equipment;
copper registers. The heat transfer rate of copper is 389.6 W/m x0 C. This is the highest level of thermal conductivity compared to all materials. The advantages of copper include its low weight, plasticity, which allows the manufacture of devices of various shapes, resistance to corrosion and beautiful appearance. The disadvantages of the material are its high price, inability to use with alloys incompatible with copper, and instability to mechanical damage. Only clean coolant with a chemically neutral environment can flow through copper registers;
cast iron registers. The thermal conductivity of cast iron is 62.8 W/m x0 C. They are purchased only in finished form. Due to their large weight and size, cast iron appliances are difficult to install yourself, but it is possible. The material takes a long time to heat up and also takes a long time to cool down. However, the disadvantages are compensated by low cost, resistance to damage and durability.

Steel heating registers

In addition to monometallic registers, there are also bimetallic registers. They are manufactured only in factories. They consist of a stainless core and a copper or aluminum casing with fins. The inner surface of bimetal pipes is protected from corrosion, and the outer surface with plates serves to increase heat transfer. Such devices are expensive, but effective and will last a long time.

Advantages and disadvantages of heating registers

Heating registers are mainly used for heating warehouses, workshops, workshops, hangars and other special-purpose premises. It is also possible to install registers in medical institutions, schools and kindergartens, because The devices are not demanding in terms of maintenance and can be easily washed from dust and dirt. The low cost of manufacturing heating registers reduces the cost of installing the entire system. In addition, they are not demanding to operate. The advantages of heating registers include:

greater length. Some devices can reach up to 6 m, which allows you to heat a large area of the room in a short time;
relatively low cost compared to other heating devices;
high hydraulic characteristics;
simple installation and subsequent operation;
it is possible to connect not only to a water heating system, but also to a steam one;
large selection of models and materials.

The disadvantages include the following:

due to the need to use a large volume of coolant, it is unprofitable to install registers in private homes;
some devices do not have a very attractive appearance;
the need to select the installation location and reliable fastenings, because the weight of some devices is quite large;
products from steel pipes need to be repainted periodically to prevent corrosion.

Heating registers allow you to heat a large area of the room in a short time

After weighing all the pros and cons, everyone can decide for themselves to buy smooth heating registers ready-made or install a device made independently.

Calculation of heating registers

Before purchasing and installing registers indoors, you need to make a calculation required quantity devices. To do this, take into account a number of factors that affect heat loss:

thickness load-bearing walls and the material of their manufacture;
number of doors, windows and their size;
thermal insulation of floor and ceiling;
the location of the room relative to the cardinal directions (north, south, etc.).

The average required power of any register is calculated as the area of the room multiplied by 100 watts. It is almost impossible to carry out the calculation yourself without having the proper knowledge. For this purpose, it is better to contact specialists or use an online calculator. But, if you still decide to carry out the calculations yourself, then you need to know the following parameters:

area of the heated room;
heat transfer from the material from which the device will be made;
pipe diameter

The heating register is calculated using the formula: Q=PхDхLхKх∆t, where:

Q – thermal power;
P – number π (3.14);
D – pipe diameter;
L – section length;
K – thermal conductivity index;
∆t – temperature difference between air and coolant.

To calculate each subsequent section, the result is multiplied by 0.9.

Instructions on how to make a heating register with your own hands

For home-made heating registers, it is best to use steel pipes. To fasten them together, you will need conventional welding; the steel is easy to install and maintain. Prepare necessary tools and materials:

welding machine;
Bulgarian;
gas key;
hammer;
brush with metal bristles;
pipe vise;
hammer;
corner and level;
drill and metal drills;
roulette.

To make a heating register with your own hands you will need a welding machine

How to make a heating register with your own hands and receive quality device? At the first stage, steel pipes are cut to the required length. Blanks are cut from pipes of smaller diameter to connect horizontal sections, and four jumpers are also made from an inch round pipe. Plugs are cut from a sheet of metal 3 mm thick, the size of which is determined by the rectangular section of the profile. On two of them holes are cut for the pipes. It is also necessary to prepare the inlet and outlet pipes themselves with a threaded connection or for welding.

At the second stage, after all structural elements have been prepared, passage holes are cut out in the walls of the pipes. The indentations from each end of the pipe are taken into account, approximately 10-15 cm. The inner surface of each pipe must be well cleaned of slag and scale. Each end is closed with a round plug, and the edges are welded in a circle. The upper and lower pipes are closed with plugs with holes.

At the third stage, the register is assembled. The prepared pipes are laid out on a flat surface in the order in which they will look after assembly. Using a level, align along the end edges. Make sure that the pipes with holes at the ends are placed in the right place: top and bottom and taking into account the selected connection diagram: one-sided, two-sided.

Using welding, jumpers, transition pipes and pipes are welded between the main pipes. The tightness of the connections is checked and only after that the heating device is ready for installation.

After assembly, the stage of connecting the homemade register to the heating system begins. If the structure turns out to be heavy, it needs to be secured with a rack or brackets. The heavier the device, the more powerful the fasteners will be needed. The cavity of the pipes is filled with coolant. The register is attached to the common pipeline using threaded pipes or tightly welded.

To connect the register using a thread, use a ball valve, coupling or American union nut. If welding is used, then a fitting screwed into a ball valve is welded to the heating circuit pipe.

It is better to install the register before the start of the heating season. This will eliminate any malfunctions if they are detected.

Heating radiators are elements of engineering plumbing systems that are functionally designed to heat the air in a room. According to SNiP (2.03.01-84), radiators that comply with heat balance calculations should be used in any room. They are quite sufficient to maintain normal temperatures inside buildings.

However, for a garage or small workshop it is better to make a heating register yourself. In terms of dimensions and heat transfer, this device goes beyond the parameters of classical designs, but is much more suitable for these premises. The article we presented describes in detail the technology of its manufacture.

Homemade heating registers

By increasing the heat exchange area and the volumetric component of the coolant, of course, it is easier to achieve the desired temperature in the room. Therefore, quite a lot of property owners, taking advantage of the lack of control over heat extraction at each specific point, increase heat removal by manufacturing radiators of non-standard designs.

In fact, this is prohibited, as it is seen as an irrational approach to energy consumption. In practice, they think less about resources than about their own well-being. The following article will introduce you to options for economical garage heating, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with. However, closer to the point.

Making a heating register with your own hands is a relatively simple task, especially if you have welding skills and have a welding machine at hand. All that remains is to purchase the required quantity of pipes of suitable diameter and sheet metal.

How to calculate heat transfer?

The required amount of material can be calculated based on the temperature parameters that need to be obtained in the room. At the household level, this step is usually skipped - they make heating registers with their own hands “by eye” according to the principle “the more, the better.”

But it's better to produce simple calculations heat transfer, for which you don’t need to be a mathematician. All you need is:

Calculate the area of the room.
Learn about the heat transfer properties of steel.
Pick up optimal diameter pipes.

The area of a room is calculated by multiplying its length by its width (S = L*W). However, for more accurate calculations It is recommended to calculate the volumetric parameter by adding the height (H) value to the calculations.

So, the final calculation formula takes the form:

V = L*W*H

For example, you need to calculate V of a room where the length is 5 m, width is 3 m, height is 2.15 m. The volume of the room is obtained: V = 5*3*2.15 = 30.25 m 3 . Based on this basic value, further calculations should be made to determine the amount of heat, size and number of heating registers to make with your own hands.

First of all, the required amount of heat per calculated volume of the room is calculated to achieve the required internal temperature (W):

Qп.т = V * k (Tin – Tout),

where V is the volume of the room; k – heat transfer coefficient of the building walls; Tin – temperature inside; Tout – outside temperature.

The amount of heat generated by one register can be calculated using the formula:

Qр = q * L * (1-n),

where: q – heat flow from each horizontal and vertical pipe of the register (approximately 20-30 W/m); L – length of vertical and horizontal pipes of the register (m); n – coefficient of unaccounted heat flows (for metal pipes – 0.1).

The number of registers, accordingly, is determined by the formula:

Nр = Qп.т. / Qр

Such a calculation method will most likely be assessed by design specialists as a simplified and crude form. However, this approach still seems to be a more rational action than calculating and making registers with your own hands by eye, without any calculations.

Selecting a heating device configuration

Homemade radiator designs are mainly made on the basis of metal pipes with a diameter of 80 - 150 mm.

Design features are limited to two versions:

The lattice design of the heating battery differs from the “snake” in a slightly different circuit design, and, depending on the variations in such batteries, the distribution of the coolant may be different.

Coil structures actually have a monotonous design, implying strictly sequential movement of the coolant.

Lattice registers are constructed according to different schematics:

with one or two jumpers and one-way power supply;
with one or two jumpers and versatile power supply;
parallel connection of pipes;
sequential connection of pipes.

The number of pipes in one assembly can range from two to four or more. Rarely, there is also the practice of making single-pipe registers.

A coil assembly usually contains at least two pipes connected on one side by a blind jumper and on the other by a through jumper, which are made from two pipe bends (2x45º). It should be noted that the design of heating registers in the form of a coil is used much less frequently than “grid” designs.

Both manufacturing options - lattice and coil - can be made not only on the basis of classic round pipes, but also on the basis of profile pipes.

Profile pipes seem to be a somewhat specific material, since they require a slightly different approach when assembling heating radiators. However, registers made from a profile pipe are more compact and take up less usable space, and this factor is also important.

Instructions for making a radiator

To make a heating register yourself, it is recommended to initially carry out the necessary calculations (methodology above in the text). And the point here is not to save resources, but to make batteries that are really useful in all respects.

Worry winter period with open windows - this option is suitable for “walruses”. Everyone else who is not part of the hardened group runs the risk of getting a serious cold. And powerful radiators are just as bad as too weak ones.

So, the calculation is done, you can start choosing the material.

Economical and completely suitable choice For a homemade design, you can consider steel pipes and fittings for them produced for steel pipes:

bends (suitable for pipe diameter);
corners (reinforcement);
steel sheet (thickness equal to the thickness of the pipe wall);
pipes (small diameter pipes).

Gates may also be required, which are often not installed directly on the registers. Manufacturing skills and knowledge of gas welding technology would be useful if the future performer has them.

Pipe preparation and welding

According to the calculated length parameters, the pipes of the future radiator are cut to size. For cutting handy tool- Circular Saw. Then from metal sheet cut plugs at the ends of the pipes. The round-shaped plugs are convenient to cut with an oxygen cutter.

First of all, circles of the required diameter are marked on the surface of the metal sheet with chalk and then carefully cut. Some of the sliced pancakes (the quantity is calculated) are made with holes for the coolant inlet and outlet pipes.

It is also immediately recommended to cut holes (one or two, depending on the assembly project) in the wall of each pipe, with a distance of 100 - 150 mm from the end edge. These holes are intended for through-connection of pipes during battery assembly.

After cutting the holes, it is recommended to clean the inside of each pipe from slag and scale. Next, place pancakes at the ends of the pipes and carefully scald them in a circle. One pancake with a hole is welded on the first and last pipe.

Heating battery assembly

Finished pipes must be combined into a battery. To do this, determine the configuration of the radiator (if it is decided to make a lattice structure). Based on the accepted choice of configuration, jumpers are prepared - through and blind.

The material for jumpers is usually small diameter pipes. For example, d = 25 mm or d = 32 mm. Tubes for the supply/return pipes are also prepared (length 150 - 200 mm, diameter 25 - 32 mm).

The pipes prepared for the heating register (2 – 3 – 4) are laid out on a flat surface and aligned along the end edges. The first (upper) and last (lower) are laid out with end edges with holes, according to the selected connection diagram: one-sided (input and output on one side) or double-sided (input and output on opposite sides).

All that remains is to carefully weld the through and blind jumpers between the pipes, the inlet and outlet pipes, after which the heating register is ready for installation in the system. Before starting work, a novice master will need to study the rules of electric welding, described in detail in the article devoted to this issue.

Features of the “snake” design

The coil register is assembled a little differently. Here, instead of vertical jumpers, metal bends are used, with the help of which the end parts of individual pipes are connected.

To assemble a register with a snake you need:

Lay the pipes on a flat surface.
Weld 45º arc bends from paired bends.
Connect the paired register pipes on each side with arc bends.
Close the initial and end ends of the first and last pipes with plugs with branch pipes.

Coil heating registers are large in size due to the limited possibility of adjusting the interpipe distance. In this regard, “snakes” are superior in parameters to lattice structures. However, from the point of view of the efficiency of coolant flow, the “snake” looks like a more preferable option.

There are practically no air pockets formed inside such registers, which is typical for products of the “grid” type. In addition, thanks to large-diameter arc bends, coil structures have less hydraulic resistance. However, it is quite rare to make such registers with your own hands.

Difference between profile registers

An interesting design compared to those described above is a register made from a profile pipe. More compact, but no less efficient batteries are assembled using almost the same technology.

The only peculiarities of the assembly can be noted in the preparation and adjustment of inter-pipe jumpers. As a rule, welding is not used here. It is enough to have a good metal-cutting tool.

The ends of the interpipe jumpers and the register pipes themselves are cut at an angle of 45º, achieving an exact match along the edges on the connection line. If a “grid” type register is being assembled, the interpipe jumper is made with angular cuts at the ends and straight cuts at the points of supply of the central pipes.

After preparation, the jumpers are placed in place and carefully scalded. On the “snakes”, blind reinforcing jumpers are additionally installed parallel to the passages.

Homemade registers were widely used for household needs in the recent past. Now this type of heating devices is used less frequently.

An alternative to registers, especially if the garage is not connected to a centralized heating system, is a miracle diesel stove. Our proposed article will introduce you to the method of its manufacture.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

You can learn about the sequence of manufacturing a heating register from a profile pipe and the secrets of welding from the video:

Homemade heating equipment actively continue to make and operate in rural areas or in private industries for heating office technical premises. But many refuse to use such irrational structures, especially where metering and monitoring devices for coolant consumption are being introduced.

Would you like to tell us about how you assembled a register for your garage or cottage? with my own hands? Do you have information that could be useful for DIYers? Please write comments in the block below, share useful information and photos on the topic of the article, and ask questions.

Any device or device made by hand is economical approach to solution planned plans. This fully applies to the heating system.

You won’t be able to make a radiator yourself, but a person who has the skills to work with a welding machine can assemble a register from smooth or profile pipes.

To make it you only need pipe sections, two bends and several electrodes.

Purpose of heating registers

These devices are rarely used in everyday life. They are usually installed in production and warehouse areas. This a cheap alternative to expensive radiators.

A distinctive feature of the devices is the large volume of coolant inside, which heats up quickly and cools down slowly. From here high heat transfer.

They are installed in exactly the same way as conventional radiators, according to the same schemes, standards and rules.

Design features

Essentially, the register is one or more pipes, connected to each other parallel. Here it is important to create conditions so that the coolant flows sequentially from one pipe to another, releasing heat into the room. Therefore, two types of registers are made.

Sectional

Several parallel pipes, the ends of which are closed plugs. Jumpers are installed between them, through which the coolant flows from one section to another. It moves from top to bottom, that is, it enters the upper pipe and comes out of the lower one.

Important! The jumpers are installed in a checkerboard pattern. If between the first and second sections the jumper is installed on the left, then between second and third- on right.

The diameter of the jumpers is much smaller than the diameter of the sections. For example, if the diameter of the main register element 80 mm, then the jumpers 32-40 mm.

Serpentine, their drawing

This is the same design, only sections between each other connected by double 90° bends the same diameter as the main pipes and a continuous pipe structure of one large diameter along the entire length is obtained. The heat transfer of this type of register is much higher than that of the previous version.

Photo 1. Drawing of a coil-type register, which is a solid pipe structure of the same diameter along the entire length.

The advantages of the design can be added low hydraulic pressure coolant inside the device, which allows a fairly large volume of hot water to pass through it.

Reference! The coil can be installed or horizontally, or vertically.

Advantages of Registers

You need to compare registers with radiators heating systems with which they compete.

hold up well pressure drops coolant and its temperature;
can be made with your own hands;
low cost device;
possibility to assemble the device different sizes both in length and height;
heat is distributed across all sections evenly;
simplicity care and repair.

Registers do not have a presentable appearance. You can camouflage them by installing a decorative screen.
Heating efficiency registers below than standard radiators.

Welding technology

Purely technological connection steel elements It is produced either by electric or gas welding, where the technology is almost the same. When welding registers, please note that in coil structures the joints are vertical seams, and in sectional both vertical and horizontal. It is easier to cook the latter because they are located in the plane of the table.

On the technology of welding horizontal seams (section + jumper) the following requirements apply:

at one or two points

Two points are located symmetrically

Eat general rules welding, in which they are designated purely technological methods. For example, the end of the seam must be welded to the beginning, forming a "castle". If welding is performed two seams, then the second one is conducted in the opposite direction of the first one.

There are several welding parameters that you need to pay attention to when carrying out welding work. This electrode diameter, which is selected depending on the thickness of the steel workpieces being welded, is the current strength supplied to the electrode from the welding machine, the polarity and voltage of the welding arc.

Ratio of metal thickness to electrode diameter

The current strength is selected depending on the diameter of the selected electrode. The dependency is: I=Kd, Where TO- coefficient of correlation with the diameter of the electrode.

How to make a homemade register from profile, smooth steel pipes

The welding work underlying the manufacture of registers for the heating system requires a certain number of different tools and materials.

DIY tools and materials

Except welding machine, you will need the following equipment:

grinder, plasma cutter or gas-burner

Welding materials:

electrodes if electric welding is used;
wire, if gas;
oxygen and acetylene in cylinders.

Work order: how to weld the structure?

Depending on the type of design chosen (sectional or coil), the assembly of the registers will differ dramatically. The most difficult ones are sectional, because they have the most joints of elements of different sizes.

Before moving on to assembling the register, you need to make a drawing and understand the dimensions and quantity. They depend on the heat transfer of the pipe. Eg, 1 m of pipe with a diameter of 60 mm or a section of 60x60 mm, a thickness of 3 mm intended for heating 1 m² area heated room, taking into account that the ceiling height does not exceed 3 m.

The first thing you need to do is cut from the selected pipe segments in accordance with the estimated length of the sections. The ends must be ground and cleaned scale and burr.

Before assembling the sectional devices, you need to put markings on them along which the jumpers will be installed. Usually this is 10-20 cm from the edges sectional pipes. A mark is made right there on the top element where the squeegee for the air vent will be installed ( crane Mayevsky). It is located on the opposite side and along the edge of the section and along the outer plane.

Use a gas torch or a plasma cutter to make marks in the pipes holes taking into account that the jumper pipe can fit into them.
The jumpers themselves are cut from pipes of smaller diameter 30-50 cm.
Cut from a metal profile segments the same length as the pipe jumpers. They will be installed in the form of supports under the pipes of sections with opposite side from installing the adjacency element.
Cut from sheet metal 3-4 mm thick plugs in the shape of the main pipe (circle or rectangle). IN two of them holes are made for the drains, to which the supply and return circuits of the heating system will be connected through shut-off valves.
First of all to the sections plugs are welded.
They are welded to the latter sweeps.
Produced welding of jumpers with pipe sections.
They are immediately attached by welding and supporting elements from cut steel profiles.
Welded pipe branch for installation of the Mayevsky crane.
All seams are cleaned grinder and sanding disc.

The assembly and welding process is best carried out on a flat plane, on which they stack two or three wooden bars (they can be replaced steel profiles: corner or channel). It is on the bars that the pipe sections are laid out parallel to each other, taking into account the distance between the sections. As soon as the structure is assembled with tacks, you can begin welding all the seams, rotating the device so that welding is carried out only in the horizontal plane.

Regarding the installation of registers. Depending on which plane they will be attached to, it is necessary to consider fasteners. There are several commonly used options.

If the device will rest on a floor base, then under it install legs. If it will be attached to the wall, then use ordinary brackets with curved hooks up.

After the register is fully assembled, it must be checked for seam tightness. To do this, one of the outlets is closed with a threaded plug, and water is poured through the second. Welding seams are checked. If a leak is detected, the defective area is boiled again and cleaned. After all operations performed, the device is painted.

Manufacturing of coil register much easier. Firstly, bends are ready-made factory parts that are selected by diameter of the pipe section. Secondly, they are cooked together in the same way as with a pipe.

First connect two outlets each. The resulting C-shaped fitting is connected in series with the ends of two pipes, combining them into a single structure. IN two free ends registers are set stubs, in which holes are pre-made and the bends are welded.

Useful video

Check out the video that shows how to weld a heating register with your own hands.

Quantity calculation

Registers are devices in which the significant volume of coolant because they are made from pipes large diameter, plus it includes several sections. To heat such a large volume of water, you will need a powerful heating boiler. And this is not only a considerable fuel consumption, but also the considerable dimensions of the heating equipment itself.

Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the heating system, which includes registers, precisely taking into account heat consumed by the premises.

There are ready-made tabular values for the ratio of the sizes of steel pipes and their heat transfer. This simplifies the calculation of the number of devices.

d - pipe diameter;
l - its length;
k - heat transfer equal to 11.63 W / m²;
Tr - room temperature;
To is the coolant temperature.

It is based on the calculations made that they select the length of the register, the number of sections in it and the number of devices themselves.

Heating devices are an essential element of any water heating system. They are usually the most expensive part. A good opportunity to save money would be to use homemade radiators. They are made from smooth steel pipes round section or from profile pipes. Last option somewhat more expensive, but allows you to reduce the depth of the device and get a more aesthetic appearance.

The use of a profile pipe for the manufacture of heating registers has a number of features. When starting to work with your own hands or deciding to buy a “homemade” product, you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons. Studying the basic rules by which heating registers are made from a profile pipe will help you avoid mistakes when working independently and will make it possible to make a competent choice of the necessary parameters.

Design of heating registers

Heating devices in the form of registers are a structure of several vertical or horizontal pipelines connected to each other using jumpers. In this case, the connecting elements may have different shape and size. Depending on their location, classification is performed.

Register structure

For the production of heating panels made of carbon steel with a round cross-section, as well as square and rectangular ones. Their combined use is possible. Stainless and galvanized steel, aluminum, copper, and brass can also be good materials for registers, but they are much more expensive and more difficult to process with your own hands.

Heating registers made of steel profile pipes are considered the simplest to make. They can be made in two main configurations: sectional type and coil type (S-shaped).

In a sectional type register, several sections of profiled metal with capped ends are arranged in parallel and connected to each other by round tubes of smaller cross-section. The jumpers ensure that the rows of the device are filled with coolant from both sides simultaneously. Moreover, the closer to the edge the transition pipes are installed, the higher the heat transfer of the device.

In a coil register, the liquid passes in an S-shape through rows of profile pipes, gradually cooling. To add rigidity to the structure, additional blind jumpers are used. Horizontal rows are connected in pairs by a snake using tubes of a smaller cross-section, like in sectional models, or sections of the main profile. The latter option is preferable due to lower hydraulic resistance and greater heat transfer.

Connecting pipes are made with threads or welding. The most effective option for connecting a heating device is a top-down diagram. For low models and in the case of forced circulation of coolant, entry and exit from below may be justified.

The design of the register must include a Mayevsky valve or an automatic air vent. It is located at the end of the top row on a threaded fitting to allow replacement. A prerequisite for installation is to maintain a slope of 0.05% in the direction of coolant movement.

Registers can be either stationary or portable. The former work as elements of a general heating system, the latter perform the task of local heating. The heat source for a separate mobile register is a heating element with a power of 1.5-6 W, mounted in the housing.

Important! The distance between register rows significantly affects heat transfer. The closer the pipes are to each other, the greater their mutual influence, which reduces the efficiency of the device. It is recommended to place the rows at a distance of at least the height of the profile pipe, increased by 50 mm.

In addition to large horizontal registers, small vertical models are also in demand. If you carry out the work carefully, you can get homemade cheap heating radiators from profile pipes that are almost as good as modern ones sectional radiators in terms of aesthetics.

In some cases, steel registers can be a good addition to the heating units already installed in the room. Despite the lower heat transfer than radiators of a similar size, their use may be more appropriate due to their lower cost.

High vertical registers are very convenient for high rooms or near high window openings. They can successfully fit into the interiors of rooms with unusual design solutions. By experimenting a little with color and shape, you can get a creative decoration from simple heating devices.

Advantages and disadvantages of profile pipe

Most often, heating registers are made from smooth round-section water and gas pipes. They are cheaper, have better hydraulic characteristics for transporting coolant, and greater tensile strength with a small wall thickness. What is the reason for the use of profile pipes for the manufacture of registers?

Heating radiators made of square and rolled metal rectangular section have a number of important advantages:

compactness of the device in depth;
the ability to give an attractive appearance;
the surface area is greater than that of a round pipe of the same height;
additional opportunities for creative design non-standard premises;
They are relatively easy to make with your own hands and do not rotate during operation;
can be made from pipe scraps left over after construction work.

However, there are also plenty of disadvantages:

the profile pipe is not intended for transporting liquid;
lower resistance to hydraulic shock and action high pressure;
The length of the welds is longer than that of similar round pipe registers, which increases the likelihood of leaks and reduces the overall reliability of the device.

Thus, before deciding on the advisability of using registers made of profile pipes, you should evaluate all possible options, carefully analyze the operating conditions and requirements that must be met. heating devices in each specific case.

Selecting parameters

The heating register parameters are determined based on the required heat output. The most exact values gives a detailed thermal engineering calculation of heat loss through the enclosing structures, but since it is quite labor-intensive, we will consider alternative options.

Very approximately, for a typical insulated room with a height of no more than 3 m, you can take 1 kW of thermal power per 10 m 2. More accurate values can be determined from the table below, depending on the quality of thermal insulation and the volume of the room.

Heat dissipation 1 m.p. profile pipe is determined by the formula:

Q=K ·F · ∆t,

K- heat transfer coefficient, W/(m 2 0 C), for single pipe K= 11.3 W/( m 2 0 C);

F– pipe surface area, m 2, F = 2 (a+b) l,

Where a And b are the dimensions of the cross-sectional sides, and l– pipe length, respectively, m;

∆t– temperature pressure, 0 C, ∆t= 0.5·(t 1 + t 2) – t to,

Where t 1 And t 2– temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the device; t to– temperature in the room.

The required pipe length is calculated by dividing the required thermal power by the heat output of 1 m of pipe. The number of rows is determined by rounding up and is determined by the availability of free space and the configuration of the room. For the obtained number, the heat transfer value is specified taking into account the mutual irradiation of the pipes using a reduction factor of 0.9 for each row.

The length of the register can be taken structurally, taking into account the characteristics of the room and the location of the equipment. For example, if there is big window, then it is desirable that the length of the threads be no less than the size of the window, creating a wide thermal curtain for cold air.

Advice! In some cases, it makes sense to take the length of the register across the entire width of the room. This will ensure the most even heating of the room. For objects such as greenhouses, this is especially important.

The cross-section of the profile pipe is taken either based on the available material, or is selected by trial calculations and finding the optimal combination of cross-section and length of rows of the heating register. The most commonly used pipes are 60*40, 60*60 and 80*60 with a wall thickness of 3 mm. Large cross sections are not desirable, since the increased volume of coolant will create additional load on the boiler.

On a note: It’s better not to skimp on wall thickness. The thicker the pipe wall, the longer the heating device will last. It will be able to withstand large pressure surges and is more resistant to corrosion.

Based on the calculations carried out, the final selection of heating register parameters is made and a drawing is drawn up. According to the accepted dimensions, a heating device is ordered or the register is made by hand.

Making registers yourself

The steel registers have quite simple design and do not require much skill to create them. Almost any person who has experience working with a welding machine can make homemade heating radiators from a profile pipe. Unlike round ones, they are conveniently fixed in place, which makes welding easier.

Required materials and tools

Before starting work, you need to stock up on everything you need. Let us consider in detail what is required for the simplest three-row register.

Materials:

Profile pipe in accordance with the design parameters. Dimensions can be from 30x30x3 to 80x80x3 mm.
Round pipe with the same wall thickness with a diameter of 25 or 32 mm, depending on the cross-section of the profile pipe.
Steel sheet 3 mm thick.
Branch pipes with external or internal thread in accordance with the diameter and type of connection – 2 pcs.
Steel coupling with internal thread with a diameter of 15 mm and Mayevsky tap.

Tools:

Welding machine.
Drill.
Bulgarian.
Hammer.
Marker or metal rod.
Roulette.

Preparation of materials:

The profile pipe is cut into pieces of the required length in accordance with the drawing.
The round pipe is cut into 4 pieces of 10 cm each.
6 plugs are cut from sheet metal in accordance with the size and shape of the profile pipe. They should be 3-5 mm smaller than the cross-section of the pipe. This will allow you to neatly hide the weld in the gap.
The pipes are laid on a flat horizontal surface strictly parallel at a distance of 10 cm. You can use two wooden beams for support. The ends are aligned in one line. Marks are made for the holes at a distance of about 5-10 cm from the edge.
Using a cutter or drill, the intended holes are cut in accordance with the diameter of the jumpers.

Work order

The jumpers are fixed in place and secured by welding at 2-3 points.
Having positioned the structure vertically, the jumpers are finally welded. It is recommended to first make a thin seam at low current, which will allow the gaps to be filled well. Next, a thick main seam is performed at increased current.
The internal space of the register is cleared of metal debris and slag.
The plugs are applied, tacked and welded to the ends of the profile pipes.
Welding seams are processed. The protruding parts are knocked down with a hammer, then each seam is cleaned with a grinder.
Holes in the register are drilled depending on the selected connection diagram. In this case, it is better to place them not in the center of the ends, but slightly higher or lower.
Connecting pipes are welded to the holes.
The seams are cleaned and all holes except one are plugged. The register is filled with water under pressure and the welding quality is checked. The seams must withstand pressure up to 13 atm.
The outer surface is cleaned, degreased and painted with heat-resistant paint.
A fitting is welded to the top row and a Mayevsky valve is installed.

Sometimes supports are welded to the register, but devices without them are more versatile. If necessary, you can always use a stand, but the weight is less and you can still mount it on the wall.

Conclusion

Homemade radiators made from profile pipes are well suited for heating large rooms. Mains-powered devices are convenient to use in periodic facilities: construction sites, garages, workshops, cottages. Stationary registers find their application in production workshops, greenhouses, warehouses and other technical facilities.

They have a fairly simple design, which makes them relatively easy to manufacture. This allows you to make steel registers yourself, which provides significant cost savings. If you wish, you can get creative and create analogues of modern design models that can become not only effective sources of heat, but also interior decoration.

Heating a home is necessary in our climate. Usually ready-made radiators are installed. But sometimes a situation arises when it is necessary to heat a garage, greenhouse, or workshop. A standard radiator will get dirty very quickly; moreover, due to the complexity of its design, it is difficult to clean it from dust. Sometimes you just want to save money and make a heating device from scrap materials.

We welcome our esteemed regular reader and offer him an article about what heating registers are available and how you can make them yourself.

In the traditional sense, a heating register is a heating device made of several connected pipes or one curved round pipe. In apartments, snakes from inch pipe with mounted curved plates of steel sheet. In factories and some public spaces, registers are made of smooth pipes with a diameter of 60 mm or more.

Batteries previously had no aesthetic properties at all.

Such heating devices were used for three reasons:

The cost of pipes is less than cast iron radiators.
Smooth-tube registers can be made from pipes of any diameter on your own and placed in convenient location. Almost every organization, starting with the housing office, had a welding machine and a welder; the problem of heating workshops, garages, and utility rooms was quickly resolved.
Registers were often used in workshops due to the dustiness and slightly higher strength of steel compared to cast iron (more precisely, due to greater ductility and less fragility). In dusty production, cleaning radiators is difficult, but smooth pipes can be washed without problems. Steel is also preferable if there is a risk of damage to heating devices by cargo or transport. In addition, cast iron bursts when it freezes; steel pipes do not always burst; cracks are easy to weld; Often frozen steel registers are warmed up even with an open fire.

Modern heating registers in homes are most often used as interior decoration - modern ready-made purchased or exclusive designer devices are very decorative.

Particularly worth noting are heated towel rails - they are an integral attribute of heating and comfort in bathrooms.

Types and technical characteristics

There are many modern varieties of registers: from traditional utilitarian designs for heating made of steel pipes 108 mm in diameter to exclusive design developments.

By technical specifications Tubular batteries are inferior to radiator models:

A system with tubular heating devices requires a larger amount of coolant, greater boiler and pump power.
They have greater inertia - the system warms up much more slowly (but also cools down more slowly). This quality sometimes helps when connecting to systems central heating, but in a private home, long-term heating of the system is not very convenient.
Heat transfer by convection is less for pipes than for radiators; Most heat transfer occurs by radiation.
Traditional registers made of large pipes are bulky.
Tubular batteries have considerable weight and require reliable fastenings.

According to execution form

The shape of the registers is serpentine (S-shaped) and sectional (columnar):

The coil is a curved structure, made of pipes of small diameters. Horizontal pipes are connected by arched bridges made of pipes of the same diameter. Plastic contours made of copper and stainless steel are simply bent.

Sectional ones are made from separate horizontal pipes, welded at the ends and connected to each other by jumper tubes. According to the method of arrangement of jumpers, there are two design varieties: thread and column.

Complex combined heating designs can be distinguished - usually these are ready-made commercial registers made of stainless steel, brass and copper. One pipe stretched through the room is also a register.

There are designer decorative structures with vertical pipes. Sometimes ready-made finned pipes (made of one metal and bimetallic) are used.

By installation method

Registers are stationary and mobile:

Stationary heating devices are mounted on walls and can be installed on supports separately from building structures.
Occasionally there is a type of mobile registers heated by electric heating elements and filled with oil or antifreeze (such designs are often used in garages, poultry houses, and country houses; the design must have an expansion tank).

By connection method

According to the connection method, heating tubular instruments available: with side top and bottom connection. Not effective method in terms of heating the room;

With bottom connection. Not the most effective method for heat transfer, but for the sake of beauty it is sometimes used (it is easier to disguise a pipe at floor level than at height).
With diagonal connection (input on top, coolant outlet on bottom). The best way connection - heat transfer is maximum, the entire volume of the heating device is used.
With top connection. This method is the least efficient in terms of heat transfer. They are used very, very rarely - only if, due to production needs, laying pipes at floor level is impossible. It should not be used in private homes, even if it means placing the register in a different location.

The registers are connected to the system using threaded connections, flanges and welding. Flanges and welding are for production, but for heating systems in a private house, the ability to assemble and disassemble the system for repair, cleaning and modernization is relevant, so installation is carried out using threaded connections.

By material

Traditional registers are made of black (carbon steel). Sometimes they use cast finned cast iron pipes or homemade conversions from used cast iron pipes.

The modern range of materials for registers is much wider:

Steel. More often used. Along with round ones - profile rectangular or square pipes: their decorative effect is higher, the surface area radiating heat is larger. Finished steel structures are coated with nickel or temperature- and wear-resistant paints.

Stainless steel. A popular, practical and inexpensive material for heating and heated towel rails in bathrooms and toilets. Plastic, durable, stainless, but quite expensive. In residential premises, stainless steel is used if the entire system is made from it. Very often, stainless steel (especially polished) is used for original designer heating devices. Unfortunately, the cost of such products is exorbitant.

Cast iron. Durable, reliable, but rough and heavy material. Cast iron registers are still produced, despite the heavy weight and inertia of heat transfer. Mainly used for decorative purposes. Old pipes are rarely used due to the complexity of their installation (you cannot weld a threaded pipe to cast iron, it is difficult to cut threads - cast iron is fragile), the need internal cleaning from salts and silt. Sometimes cast iron finned pipes are used.

Copper. Finished products are used complex shape. Lacquered copper serves as interior decoration. Copper is not subject to corrosion, is strong, durable - the potential service life reaches 100 years, and is relatively easy to install. But a copper heating system is not a cheap pleasure.

Brass. Quite a rare material for registers, but sometimes used for decorative design products for interior decoration.

Aluminum. Heating devices are made by pressing, so they are not very cheap, but also not as expensive as copper and stainless steel. Sometimes finned aluminum tubes are used. Aluminum conducts heat well, is not subject to corrosion, and is quite durable - you can count on 30 years of service.

It is worth noting registers with pressed plates to increase heat transfer. The industry produces ready-made painted steel systems or products from a steel core and pressed aluminum plates; there are copper options.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of registers made of smooth pipes:

The simple design allows you to use available materials (from round or profile pipes) and save a considerable amount of the family budget.
The simple shape of steel products contributes to less salt deposition on the walls and less silting compared to radiators; this reduces the frequency of flushing the heating device.
The large cross-section and simple shape provide low hydraulic resistance and the ability to reduce operating pressure in the system (as well as the possibility of use in an open heating system with natural circulation, including with coal boilers).
Tubular heating devices have a large extent; most of the heat is transferred into the room by radiation - this creates a comfortable thermal zone with uniform heating below throughout the entire area of the room. With radiators and convectors, most of the heat is transferred by convection and rises to the ceiling - and people are in the lower part of the room.
Long service life: steel structures - at least 25 years, cast iron and aluminum - forty years, copper can potentially last up to 100 years.
The smooth surface is easy to clean and paint - this makes the devices easier to operate. The smooth, washable surface of the devices allows them to be used in rooms with special sanitary requirements or in dusty production workshops.

Disadvantages of registers made of smooth pipes:

A large amount of water makes the system inert, complicates temperature regulation, and requires the use of powerful pumps.
A small heat-transfer surface per unit length of the device requires the use of large-sized devices - this leads to an increase in the amount of metal and water in the system, an increase in the weight of structures and the inertia of the system.
Traditional budget models are ugly, they require decorative screens, and they significantly reduce the efficiency of the entire system.
Exclusive, beautiful designer register models have high prices; finding a company that will make them is also not easy.

Price

The cost of registers depends on the material used and whether you buy a finished product or make the design yourself from what you have on hand.

The simplest homemade registers made from smooth pipes are valued precisely because of their low price. Purchased simple stainless steel designs for the bathroom are also quite affordable. Copper structures are very expensive, but if a copper heating system is installed, then their use is justified. The most expensive ones are exclusive design developments. The production of such products will cost a pretty penny, but the result is worth it - the original registers serve as the highlight of the interior.

Calculation of heating registers

To prevent the house from being cold and the heating to evenly warm all rooms, it is important to calculate the number of registers for each room. For purchased devices, their power is looked at in the passport and the number of devices is calculated; for homemade tubular heaters, the length of the pipes will have to be determined by yourself.

Calculation of the required thermal power to heat the room

If your house is built according to a project, then data on the required power of heating devices is available in the documents - you need to find them and use them.

If the project engineering systems no, then they use traditional approximate data on heat loss:

100 W per 1 m² of room area with one outer wall and one window.
120 W per 1 m² of room area with two external walls and one window.
130 W per 1 m² of room area with two external walls and two windows.

The total heat losses are calculated, the resulting power is increased by 20% (multiplied by 1.2) and the total power of all heating devices is obtained. IN northern regions Russia would like to increase the resulting power by another 20 percent.

The power of the appliances in each room is calculated based on the above data (heat loss in the room multiplied by 1.2).

The exact method for calculating the heat loss of a house is very complex and is used by design organizations.

Calculation of register thermal power

The amount of heat (W) supplied from the pipe to the room is determined by the formula:

Q=K ·F · ∆t·0.9,

K is the heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2·0С), taken depending on the pipe material and coolant parameters.
F - surface area, m2, calculated as the product of π·d·l.
where π = 3.14, and dil is the diameter and length of the pipe, respectively, m.

∆t - temperature difference, 0С, determined in turn by the formula:

∆t= 0.5·(t1+ t2) - tк,

Where: t1 and t2 are the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the boiler, respectively.
tk is the temperature in the heated room.
0.9 - reduction factor for a multi-row device.

For a steel structure, the heat transfer coefficient to air is 11.3 W/(m2·0С). For a multi-row register, a reduction factor of 0.9 is accepted for each row.

For calculations, you can use a calculation calculator - there are many of them on the Internet, but manually is more reliable.

Heat transfer of registers made of smooth pipes. Table

The values of heat transfer coefficients for steel smooth-tube registers are given in the table.

In private homes, the temperature difference is usually 60-70 °C.

How to calculate the required number of register sections

The number of purchased registers is determined by dividing the required power by the rated power of the device.

For homemade registers, divide the required power in each room by the heat transfer of one linear meter of pipes used. The required total length of pipes is obtained. Then this length is distributed between the devices, dividing by the number of pipes - their length is obtained. There are options here - there may be several short devices or one long one.

What other parameters should be taken into account

If there is a need to increase the power of the device, then it is necessary to increase the length of the pipes, and not their diameter. The efficiency of the system decreases with increasing pipe diameter.

If the system uses oil or antifreeze, it should be noted that they have a lower heat capacity than water. When using them, heating devices must have a larger area than devices in a water system.

If ribbed structures are used, then their heat transfer must be looked at in the passport and taken into account in the calculations.

Operating rules

There are no special requirements for the operation of registers compared to radiators:

They must be securely mounted on legs or strong brackets.

Any heating devices with water should not freeze.

If corrosion occurs, the damaged areas should be cleaned, covered with an anti-corrosion primer and painted in several layers.

Registers must not serve as a support for any loads.

It is necessary to ensure that the heating system does not become airy - this impairs its operation.

Rules for installing heating registers with your own hands

Registers, like most other heating devices, are installed near external walls and under windows. A structure of 4 pipes is usually placed under the windows. Often along the deaf outer wall pass one metal pipeline near the floor.

The devices are quite heavy and must be securely fastened to brackets and supports. It is not advisable to weld the legs to the register.

The distance between the pipes should be equal to one diameter plus 50 mm (the size of the profile pipe plus 50 mm). When pipes are placed close to the register, the efficiency of heat transfer decreases.

Self-production of heating registers

Making a heating device yourself is not very difficult; you only need some welding skills and a welding machine.

It is easier to make a sectional device - for a coil you will have to bend pipes of a fairly large diameter, and it is difficult to accurately bend at home.

Before starting work, you need to prepare tools and materials:

Welding machine.
Drill.
Bulgarian.
Hammer.
Roulette.
Marker.
Clamps.

Blanks from pipes, jumper pipes of a smaller cross-section (with an internal cross-section of 20-25 mm), and rods of the same length are marked and cut with a grinder for welding between pipes for structural rigidity. The plugs are cut 3-5 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe - this will allow them to be carefully “sunk” into the end of the pipe. The thickness of the plugs is 3-3.5 mm.

Holes are marked for jumper pipes, pipes for connecting the register to Mayevsky's systems and taps. Holes are drilled with a drill.

Before welding the register, it is necessary to place all the workpieces on a strictly horizontal surface - a metal workbench or area in the yard.

Sequence of assembly work

Work on assembling the register is carried out in the following order:

When placing the workpieces horizontally, jumpers and rods (if necessary) are fixed and secured in several places by welding. On one side of the device, a jumper tube is welded between the pipes, and on the other, a rod connecting the two threads.
Then the structure is installed vertically, jumpers and rods are welded.
First, weld with a thin seam, then check all angles and dimensions, and weld with a thick working seam.
The internal cavity of the pipes is cleaned of dust and slag introduced during the welding process.
The plug plates are attached to the ends of the pipes.
The plugs are welded - in the same two seams as the jumpers.
Welding seams are cleaned with a grinder.
Threaded pipes are welded to the side holes.
The Mayevsky crane is being installed.
Before connecting, the device must be tested. For a system in a multi-story building, it must withstand 1.6 MPa or 16 atmospheres; for a private house, 5 atmospheres is enough - in small systems there is no high pressure.

Installation of a register in a heating system

Installation of the register is not fundamentally different from the installation of a radiator - taps with union nuts are installed at the inlet-outlet, and a Mayevsky tap is installed on the pipe at the top.

In a system with registers, the coolant temperature drops faster, so the use single pipe system heating is undesirable.

Process video

The register manufacturing process can be seen in detail in the video:

How to improve register efficiency

The paint layer should be minimal - this reduces heat transfer. It is necessary to regularly wash and clean the devices from dust - this also increases heat transfer.

Heating systems should not be covered with furniture, covered with non-metallic screens (wood, plasterboard, bamboo, plastic), or thick curtains. Metal screens are also undesirable, but beauty requires sacrifice.

The most efficient materials from the point of view of heat transfer - copper, aluminum and finned pipes, especially bimetallic ones - stainless steel with aluminum.

Heating devices are an essential element of any water heating system. They are usually the most expensive part. A good opportunity to save money would be to use homemade radiators. They are made from smooth round steel pipes or from profile pipes. The latter option is somewhat more expensive, but allows you to reduce the depth of the device and get a more aesthetic appearance.

Design of heating registers

Heating devices in the form of registers are a structure of several vertical or horizontal pipelines connected to each other using jumpers. In this case, the connecting elements can have different shapes and sizes. Depending on their location, classification is performed.

Register structure

For the manufacture of heating registers, smooth carbon steel pipes with a round cross-section, as well as square and rectangular ones, are used. Their combined use is possible. Stainless and galvanized steel, aluminum, copper, and brass can also be good materials for registers, but they are much more expensive and more difficult to process with your own hands.

Heating registers made of steel profile pipes are considered the simplest to make. They can be made in two main configurations: sectional type and coil type (S-shaped).

Important! The distance between register rows significantly affects heat transfer. The closer the pipes are to each other, the greater their mutual influence, which reduces the efficiency of the device. It is recommended to place the rows at a distance of at least the height of the profile pipe, increased by 50 mm.

In addition to large horizontal registers, small vertical models are also in demand. If you carry out the work carefully, you can get homemade cheap heating radiators from profile pipes that are almost as aesthetically pleasing as modern sectional radiators.

Advantages and disadvantages of profile pipe

Heating radiators made from rolled metal of square and rectangular cross-section have a number of important advantages:

compactness of the device in depth;
the ability to give an attractive appearance;
the surface area is greater than that of a round pipe of the same height;
additional opportunities for creative design of non-standard premises;
They are relatively easy to make with your own hands and do not rotate during operation;
can be made from pipe scraps left over after construction work.

However, there are also plenty of disadvantages:

the profile pipe is not intended for transporting liquid;
lower resistance to water hammer and high pressure;
The length of the welds is longer than that of similar round pipe registers, which increases the likelihood of leaks and reduces the overall reliability of the device.

Thus, before deciding on the advisability of using registers made of profile pipes, you should evaluate all possible options, carefully analyze the operating conditions and the requirements that heating devices must meet in each specific case.

Selecting parameters

The heating register parameters are determined based on the required heat output. The most accurate values are provided by a detailed thermal engineering calculation of heat loss through the building envelope, but since it is quite labor-intensive, we will consider alternative options.

Price

Very approximately, for a typical insulated room with a height of no more than 3 m, you can take 1 kW of thermal power per 10 m2. More accurate values can be determined from the table below, depending on the quality of thermal insulation and the volume of the room.

Heat dissipation 1 m.p. profile pipe is determined by the formula:

Q=K ·F · ∆t,

where: K - heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2 0С), for a single pipe K = 11.3 W/(m2 0С);

F is the surface area of the pipe, m2, F = 2· (a+b) · l, where a and b are the dimensions of the cross-sectional sides, and l is the length of the pipe, respectively, m;

∆t - temperature difference, 0С, ∆t= 0.5·(t1 + t2) - t to, where t 1 and t2 are the coolant temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the device; tk is the temperature in the room.

The length of the register can be taken structurally, taking into account the characteristics of the room and the location of the equipment. For example, if there is a large window, then it is desirable that the length of the threads be no less than the size of the window, creating a wide thermal curtain for cold air.

Advice! In some cases, it makes sense to take the length of the register across the entire width of the room. This will ensure the most even heating of the room. For objects such as greenhouses, this is especially important.

On a note: It’s better not to skimp on wall thickness. The thicker the pipe wall, the longer the heating device will last. It will be able to withstand large pressure surges and is more resistant to corrosion.

Making registers yourself

Steel registers have a fairly simple design and do not require much skill to create. Almost any person who has experience working with a welding machine can make homemade heating radiators from a profile pipe. Unlike round ones, they are conveniently fixed in place, which makes welding easier.

Required materials and tools

Before starting work, you need to stock up on everything you need. Let us consider in detail what is required for the simplest three-row register.

Materials:

Profile pipe in accordance with the design parameters. Dimensions can be from 30x30x3 to 80x80x3 mm.
A round pipe with the same wall thickness with a diameter of 25 or 32 mm depending on the cross-section of the profile pipe.
Steel sheet 3 mm thick.
Branch pipes with external or internal threads in accordance with the diameter and type of connection - 2 pcs.
Steel coupling with internal thread with a diameter of 15 mm and Mayevsky tap.

Tools:

Welding machine.
Drill.
Bulgarian.
Hammer.
Marker or metal rod.
Roulette.

Preparation of materials:

The profile pipe is cut into pieces of the required length in accordance with the drawing.
The round pipe is cut into 4 pieces of 10 cm each.
6 plugs are cut from sheet metal in accordance with the size and shape of the profile pipe. They should be 3-5 mm smaller than the cross-section of the pipe. This will allow you to neatly hide the weld in the gap.
The pipes are laid on a flat horizontal surface strictly parallel at a distance of 10 cm. You can use two wooden beams for support. The ends are aligned in one line. Marks are made for the holes at a distance of about 5-10 cm from the edge.
Using a cutter or drill, the intended holes are cut in accordance with the diameter of the jumpers.

Work order

The jumpers are fixed in place and secured by welding at 2-3 points.
Having positioned the structure vertically, the jumpers are finally welded. It is recommended to first make a thin seam at low current, which will allow the gaps to be filled well. Next, a thick main seam is performed at increased current.
The internal space of the register is cleared of metal debris and slag.
The plugs are applied, tacked and welded to the ends of the profile pipes.
Welding seams are processed. The protruding parts are knocked down with a hammer, then each seam is cleaned with a grinder.
Holes in the register are drilled depending on the selected connection diagram. In this case, it is better to place them not in the center of the ends, but slightly higher or lower.
Connecting pipes are welded to the holes.
The seams are cleaned and all holes except one are plugged. The register is filled with water under pressure and the welding quality is checked. The seams must withstand pressure up to 13 atm.
The outer surface is cleaned, degreased and painted with heat-resistant paint.
A fitting is welded to the top row and a Mayevsky valve is installed.

Large selection of welding electrodes in Novokuznetsk
8-950-587-78-68 8-909-511-21-45

Price

Sometimes supports are welded to the register, but devices without them are more versatile. If necessary, you can always use a stand, but the weight is less and you can still mount it on the wall.

Conclusion

Homemade radiators made from profile pipes are well suited for heating large rooms. Mains-powered devices are convenient to use at sites of periodic use: construction sites, garages, workshops, cottages. Stationary registers find their application in production workshops, greenhouses, warehouses and other technical facilities.

Without heating appliances, it is difficult to imagine a living space, a public building, or workshops at enterprises, since comfortable temperature air inside buildings different types is a necessary condition for human life. In order to maintain normal conditions Various heating devices are used in the premises, among which registers are worth highlighting.

Peculiarities

The issue of saving and rational use of heating devices in the current situation is quite relevant. Purchasing registers today is quite simple; purchases can be made through numerous online stores or in specialized departments of supermarkets. In most cases, these heating devices are an effective design that can be used in any type of premises - residential, industrial, technical and others.

In addition, registers are widely used in heating systems of multi-apartment residential buildings. By using large-diameter pipes, even with a minimum length, it is possible to make an autonomous vertical or horizontal heating device, which, despite its small dimensions, will differ high level heating efficiency.

There is an opinion that, compared to registers, radiators cope with their main task better, since they have additional area. But registers, in the production of which smooth-bore pipes are used, have heat transfer rates that significantly exceed those of radiators. And additional modernization of the design, which involves attaching metal plates to the system, will have a positive effect on the efficiency of the register.

If you plan to install general-purpose registers, connecting thin tubes arranged in parallel will result in the formation of a high-quality and attractive design, which in some cases is called design radiators. The production of such devices is relevant for use in public buildings.

The main area of use of registers is still enterprises, as well as various office or technical premises.

Most often, they are not separate elements for heating, but entire pipelines made of pipes, which is due to the simplicity of the designs in combination with good performance heat transfer.

During operation, the devices have proven themselves with positive side, characterized by durability. It would be a mistake to assume that heating registers can only be a crude bundle of metal pipes, since product manufacturers offer consumers individual designs Not big size, which can be installed to heat private homes without reducing the overall attractiveness of the interior.

The diameter of the pipes for the manufacture of such individual devices is usually about 32 mm, which makes their installation much easier.

Compactness and low cost of such registers are the main positive features, allowing you to equip a system for heating your home. The raw materials for the manufacture of devices are various materials, and structures can have different shapes. Main feature heating structures of this type is the possibility of making them yourself from steel, aluminum or other raw materials.

It is worth highlighting the following advantages of registers:

long service life– steel and aluminum systems usually function effectively for 20–25 years with minimal likelihood of breakdowns;
high heat transfer rate, which is explained by greater power compared to batteries or radiators;
easy installation process and ease of operation. Anyone who has minimal knowledge of the rules for organizing heat supply can install the device.

It should be noted that heating registers have some disadvantages, such as:

a large volume of coolant, due to which the system quickly cools;
low level of air convection, which negatively affects work;
some designs have an unattractive appearance, however, this feature is more likely to be typical for products that were made independently.

The demand for the product is quite high due to the fact that the devices can be used in any heating systems, since the design works equally effectively with both water and antifreeze. In addition, it is worth highlighting another option for connecting the device - this is the installation at the bottom of the pipe of an electric heater with a thermostat, due to which the coolant will be heated from the electrical network.

However, this configuration also requires the installation of an expansion tank at the top of the system. With such a device, the heating register will act as an autonomous heating system, which is very convenient when heating utility buildings with a small area.

Kinds

The determining parameter when choosing such a device is the speed of movement of the coolant in the structure, as well as the heat transfer rate. Based on the above properties, two types of registers can be distinguished.

Sectional devices– this type of product usually consists of two or more pipes having large diameter. The elements are connected to each other by pipes with a cross-section equal to the cross-section of the supply line. Such designs are recommended for systems with forced circulation coolant, since excess hydraulic resistance forms inside.
Serpentine registers are made from a single pipe, which is bent accordingly. Independent production of such devices is a rather labor-intensive task. To increase the circulation of pipes, they can be additionally connected by pipes, however, this is not a prerequisite for the manufacture of structures.

Heating devices can also be classified taking into account the type of material from which the unit is made. The following types of registers can be found on sale:

steel appliances installed in the heating system by welding. The service life of the device will directly depend on the quality of the work performed;
cast iron products are notable for their ease of installation, since the devices are equipped with flanged monolithic connections. During installation, another flange is welded to the system, after which it is attached to the wall using bolts;

aluminum products is widely in demand due to its minimal specific gravity, resistance to corrosion processes, and the absence of welding seams on the structure. Products are produced by monolithic casting; the main disadvantage of aluminum products is their high cost;
bimetallic devices are made from special type heating pipes with a steel core. In addition, the system has copper or aluminum plate elements. As a rule, pipes of small diameter, which does not exceed 50 mm, are used for the production of products. Due to their characteristics, such devices are most often installed in production or retail premises with a small area.

In addition to the above materials, copper is used for the manufacture of heating registers. Such devices are installed in networks with copper pipelines. This raw material has high heat transfer rates, so the structure does not necessarily have to be large. Copper is also notable for its ductility, making it easy to bend. However, copper structures have disadvantages - the high cost of products, as well as the demanding nature of the material in terms of operating conditions.

To the number mandatory conditions use include the following factors: neutrality and purity of the coolant, the absence of other metals in the system except those compatible with copper, for example, such as nickel, chromium, bronze and others. In addition, the presence of grounding is considered mandatory.

The raw materials are also soft, so the structure needs additional protection, which is done using special casings or screens.

When considering the types of registers, it is worth dividing the products into stationary and mobile models. Heating of the coolant in stationary structures occurs using boilers; mobile devices are heated by heating elements operating from the electrical network.

Calculation

To perform correct register calculations, you first need to decide on the type of construction. Then the geometric parameters of the device, as well as the diagram and principle of circulation inside the coolant, will become clear. There are several proven methods that allow you to calculate the parameters of heating devices.

However, when planning to use steel or aluminum systems, it is best to entrust the calculations to professionals or resort to the help of special software.

In addition to calculations made by specialists, in some cases they prefer independent drawings and calculations; for this there is a fairly simple scheme.

Before you start working with it, you need to decide on some values that will be used. You need to know the following parameters:

area of the heated room;
heat transfer coefficient of the material from which the device will be made;
pipe diameter

The formula for calculating is as follows:

Q=P D L K∆t, Where

Q is the specific thermal power, which is measured in W;
P is the number π, which is 3.14;
D – diameter of the pipes used;
L – length of 1 section of the system;
K – thermal conductivity coefficient;
∆t – temperature difference between air and coolant.

To calculate each subsequent register section, the resulting value will need to be multiplied by a factor of 0.9. However, there is one limitation: using such a formula it will not be possible to calculate rib-type registers.

You will learn more about how to calculate the heating register in the following video.

Installation

In order to properly weld and install heating registers, you should use the following methods:

perform installation on threaded connections or brackets;
use welding equipment for work.

How to make a homemade heating register for your home. Types and installation of heating registers Floor heating register

Design and principle of operation

What types of heating registers are there?

What materials are registers made from?

Advantages and disadvantages of heating registers

Calculation of heating registers

Instructions on how to make a heating register with your own hands

Homemade heating registers

How to calculate heat transfer?

Selecting a heating device configuration

Instructions for making a radiator

Pipe preparation and welding

Heating battery assembly

Features of the “snake” design

Difference between profile registers

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Purpose of heating registers

Design features

Sectional

Serpentine, their drawing

Advantages of Registers

Welding technology

Ratio of metal thickness to electrode diameter

How to make a homemade register from profile, smooth steel pipes

DIY tools and materials

Work order: how to weld the structure?

Useful video

Quantity calculation

Design of heating registers

Register structure

Advantages and disadvantages of profile pipe

Selecting parameters

Making registers yourself

Required materials and tools

Work order

Conclusion

Types and technical characteristics

According to execution form

By installation method

By connection method

By material

Advantages and disadvantages

Price

Calculation of heating registers

Calculation of the required thermal power to heat the room

Calculation of register thermal power

Heat transfer of registers made of smooth pipes. Table

How to calculate the required number of register sections

What other parameters should be taken into account

Operating rules

Rules for installing heating registers with your own hands

Self-production of heating registers

Sequence of assembly work

Installation of a register in a heating system

Process video

How to improve register efficiency

Design of heating registers

Register structure

Advantages and disadvantages of profile pipe

Selecting parameters

Making registers yourself

Required materials and tools

Work order

Large selection of welding electrodes in Novokuznetsk 8-950-587-78-68 8-909-511-21-45

Conclusion

Peculiarities

Kinds

Calculation

Installation

Large selection of welding electrodes in Novokuznetsk
8-950-587-78-68 8-909-511-21-45