How to make a floor in a house of aerated concrete. What interfloor overlap is made in a cinder block house Floor slabs on a cinder block

Aerated concrete - warm enough and lightweight material. Its growing popularity is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be taken into account when choosing other load-bearing structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house made of aerated concrete will be the best option.

Types of structures

To divide the interfloor space, you can use the following types of structures:

overlapping on beams;
slab floor;
monolithic cover.

The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements undesirable, therefore, the implementation of the overlap on wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.

precast concrete

Scheme of supporting reinforced concrete floors

TO positive aspects This type of construction can include:

high installation speed;
reliability and durability;
incombustibility.

There are many more disadvantages of this type. They are especially noticeable during the construction of a private house from aerated concrete:

limited number of sizes;
a large mass of elements;
the need to use lifting equipment;
impossibility of application at a complex form of the room;
the need for a large area for storage.

Moreover, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, which significantly reduces the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.

Monolithic reinforced concrete

Monolithic overlap allows it to be used indoors complex shapes and with atypical spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:

on wooden beams and moisture-resistant plywood;
on metal beams and profiled sheet.

The second for an aerated concrete house immediately disappears due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. Monolithic overlap using wooden beams suitable for buildings with small spans, because with increasing distances between the walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.

Device concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.

TO positive characteristics This type of construction can include:

the possibility of filling the area of any shape;
no need for complex equipment;
strength and reliability.

The cons include:

the complexity of the process;
it is necessary to install formwork and special support posts;
the complexity of technological regimes when laying the mixture;
large mass of the structure.

Wooden

Beam installation

TO positive qualities wooden floors include:

low cost;
small mass;
the possibility of giving the design of various configurations;
ease of installation;
no need for complex technology.

The features of this material include the need for two types of special treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics. The former protect the tree from fire, while the latter prevent damage by fungus or mold. This is especially important when erecting the floor of the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and attic floor in a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures come into contact with cold air and condensation is possible on them, which leads to damage by microorganisms.

Roofing device using wooden beams

Supporting wooden beams on aerated concrete walls

The main bearing element of this design is wooden beam, which transfers the payload and load of the floor structure to the walls. There are three options:

beam;
ribbed;
beam-ribbed.

When designing a beam, the greatest attention is paid to the bearing element. To choose the right section, experts perform calculations on strength and rigidity. The device of such structures in a private house allows an approximate selection of the section of the beams. It depends on the pitch of the bearing elements. With a step of 0.6 m, the following values \u200b\u200bcan be given:

75 by 100 mm with a span of 2 m;
75 by 150 mm with a span of 2.5 m;
75 by 200 mm - 3 m;
100 by 200 mm - 4-4.5 m;
125 by 200 mm - 5m m;
150 by 200 mm - 6 m.

If the spacing of the beams is larger, the values should be increased.
IN general case The loft pie looks like this:

bearing beams;
lags;
boardwalk;
clean floor.

When installing the basement ceiling or the ceiling of the last floor, when they come into contact with cold air, a heater is laid between the lags. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a vapor barrier layer from the side warm air and protection against moisture from the cold side.

An important point is the fastening of the load-bearing beams to the walls. The support depth is taken at least 12 cm. When materials of different structure come into contact, it is necessary to provide a layer of waterproofing: the ends of the beams are covered with waterproofing material. As a waterproofing, you can use:

bituminous mastic;
ruberoid;
roofing (obsolete material);
hydroisol;
linokrom.

The beam must not be rigidly fixed. Sometimes for this, a bevel at an angle of 70 degrees is provided at the end.

To evenly distribute the load, small wooden plates are installed under the beam support points. They must be wider than the bearing beam.

Beams are mounted simultaneously with the construction of walls. First you need to lay the extreme elements and check their evenness using the building level and a straight long board. After making sure that they are horizontal, mount the remaining bars.

At correct installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements very long service life and high reliability can be achieved. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.

The floor material, depending on the characteristics of the building, is most often concrete and metal, while wood is increasingly receding into the background due to its lower strength. However, in addition to this disadvantage, it has other advantages that can be significantly enhanced in symbiosis with aerated concrete structures.

This combination is almost ideal, both in terms of material and labor costs, and in relation to the requirements of the reliability of the structure. Both aerated concrete and wood are not high-strength materials, but with proper reinforcement with reinforcement, they can easily ensure the reliability and stability of the structure.

Types of wooden floors

1. Standard beams.

They are a system of monolithic or glued wooden beams, on top of which a rough flooring is laid in the form of a transverse board, underfloor heating and other coatings.

The dimensions of such elements reach up to 400 mm in height, 200 mm in width and up to 15 m in length.

In cases where the base of the floor is joined to one or two or more walls, it is not laid from a separate beam of 5 m each, but one beam 15 m long is installed, centering it and strengthening it with additional spacers. Such monolithic technology structures are only possible with multiple supporting walls.

2. Lightweight ribbed

Such details are used infrequently, but they are indispensable in the case of building a house from a wood frame.

Their main feature is that the sheathing and ribs are laid with an interval of only 30-50 cm.

Their length is limited to 5 meters and width to 30 centimeters. Coatings from them are sheathed different materials: plywood, chipboard plates, and sometimes steel tape.

For soundproofing structures of them, it is mandatory to use mineral wool. For aerated concrete buildings, their use is rational only in relation to the design features of one separate room.

3. Beam-ribbed

They are a combination of the first two types, by using beams and ribs in one structure at the same time.

The ribs in this case are installed across the beams, which in this case need an order of magnitude less due to a more uniform load distribution. Wood in this case is consumed less, but the installation process in relation to the two previous options is a little more complicated.

General rules for the construction of wooden floors

In the case of aerated concrete structures, the correct technology of laying wood is no less important factor in ensuring the stability and durability of the building than the blocks themselves. If it is violated, there is a possibility of displacement of the geometry and uniform distribution of the load between all structural elements, which in the worst case can lead to partial or complete collapse of the building.

To prevent this, during the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the following rules for the installation of wooden structures:

Beams are mounted in aerated concrete walls directly during the construction process, before finishing work. For clarification required amount beams, intervals of their installation and optimal sizes wooden elements, it is necessary to make in advance engineering calculations of the strength of the surface they form, taking into account the type of material.
Beam elements are inserted into the wall during its construction: deepening nests are organized in it, so that their depth is equal to half the thickness of the entire wall. In the case of a forced organization of a through nest, it must be covered with a heater with vapor-tight characteristics.
Always first of all, external ones are installed - beams located at the edges of the walls. They are leveled with a level and a long, even board, which is carried along the beams, placing it on the edge. To neutralize their distortions, pieces of boards of suitable thickness are placed under individual logs. Thus, the extreme beams become reference, and the intermediate elements are already aligned with them, using the same straight board, the ends of which rest on the already adjusted extreme parts.
The basis for the subfloor on the floor is laid out with a beam no more than 50 mm thick, fixing it with self-tapping screws. A thin non-planed board of the subfloor lies on top. Its elements are laid across the main beams and fixed to the timber with self-tapping screws. In parts made of wood intended for the construction of the floor, antiseptic treatment must be carried out before installation.
Before laying the floor covering beam ceilings, layers of vapor and waterproofing materials are preliminarily laid on them. For example, polystyrene foam is laid in overlapping strips, after which all joints between its segments are glued with adhesive tape. On top of it lays insulation plates in the form of ecowool, expanded clay or the same foamed foam, and in conclusion, she fine finish gender. As it is not recommended to use heavy materials, like lil porcelain tiles. Perfect option regarding weight, reliability and durability - parquet or ordinary wooden board.

Floor installation

After the preparation of all materials, tools and the erection of load-bearing walls, you can proceed to the installation of floors, which is carried out in several stages.

1. Stage one - design calculation

The reference point is always the shortest room dimension. The size of the section of the base determines the installation step-interval. As a rule, it corresponds to one meter.

For the initial timber, the most even surface is especially necessary, which will not allow it to be fixed even with a slight roll in the horizontal plane. The beam is selected so that it can withstand a load of more than 400 kg per square meter its area.

Suitable in terms of height to width are parts with their ratio of 1.5 to 1.

Equip ceilings in gas conditions concrete structures it is necessary with a margin, so the beams are selected a little longer than necessary according to the calculations, and then the excess is cut off using a conventional hacksaw.

2. Stage two - preparation for installation

Even at the stage of building walls in aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to make special openings into which overlapping elements will be inserted. The opening step corresponds to the beams and is done every meter, with a depth of 300 mm, and a width of 300 mm or more, depending on the characteristics of the beam.

After installation, the end of the floor is not filled with anything so that there is no rotting of the wood. The bearing beam is strictly forbidden to be installed end-to-end with a parallel wall.

3. Stage three - floor overlap

This operation itself implies a clear sequence of manipulations:

One day before installation, all elements are prepared for installation, treating them from wood with antiseptic and refractory compounds, excluding end surfaces.
The beams are measured, if necessary, sawing off the excess with a hacksaw, so that on both sides of the installation there is a margin of up to 450 mm from the dimensions of the room. It is necessary to saw off the excess at an angle of 60 degrees to provide a trapezoidal cut, which, due to its geometry, provides a more secure fixation in the wall.
Install external beams, adjusting their position in level, conducting their centering flat board across the laying direction. At the same time, the ends of the beam elements should not butt against aerated concrete walls - a gap of 30-50 mm must be provided for their ventilation.
After leveling all the beams and adjusting their position, each of them is fixed with dry gravel.
In conclusion, landing nests in aerated concrete walls immured with a solution of cement with crushed stone.
As you set cement mixture start organizing thermal insulation using expanded polystyrene, expanded clay, ecowool and other materials.
Next, a layer of waterproofing is laid down in the form liquid rubber, mastics, polyureas, polymer varnishes, resins and other materials.
Upon completion of the waterproofing work, with the help of self-tapping screws, logs are mounted - a beam, which is the basis for laying the floorboard.
Top on floorboard- a rough floor covering, lay its decorative coating.
Overlapping performs two functions at once - floor and ceiling. To equip the second, similar operations are performed, including heat and waterproofing. However, in this case, the logs need to be much less massive, because they will only need to support the weight of the finishing ceiling.
Advantages and disadvantages of wooden floors.

Pros:

Relatively low price, since wood is one of the most affordable building materials. Despite the use of wood best breeds, which has undergone several stages of processing, the price of the final structure from it will in any case be cheaper than the option based on reinforced concrete.
Minimum weight characterizes wood material as not very durable, but this property is completely leveled by the combination with aerated concrete structures, which do not create an increased load, unlike brick buildings, which means that the construction with wooden elements does not lose strength. Therefore, the combination of two materials that are not the most durable, but inexpensive, light and very easy to install and operate, is extremely beneficial.
Unpretentiousness in use. Unlike concrete structures, installation costs and restrictions are minimal. The tree does not require "wet" operations and is not limited by the season. Therefore, it is possible to mount structures from it both in winter and in summer. Adjusted for winter frosts when organizing a reinforcing belt for seismic regions.

Minuses:

Application restrictions. Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses do not always provide sufficient structural reliability. For example, in high-rise buildings with the third and subsequent floors, the tree cannot be used on construction sites, the seismicity of which exceeds 8 points.
Low durability. The tree, after the expiration of time, sooner or later loses its original performance characteristics. All kinds of impregnations and compounds with which it is pre-treated will help slow down this process. But even in the case of rotting of the whole beam, its replacement is not an impossible or extremely complex and expensive operation and cannot be compared with the problems of restoring reinforced concrete floors.

When choosing a section of wood, preference should be given to a more powerful element, since, otherwise, it will not be possible to compensate for their excessive weakness, even by making a solid palisade out of them in the ceiling.
For multi-storey buildings, it is recommended to lay wooden floors between floors not directly on aerated concrete blocks, but on a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted around the entire perimeter of the building.
For laying the reinforcing belt and installing beams, special U-shaped blocks are the most suitable, which must be calculated and ordered separately.
The attic floor is subjected to minimal loads, so you can seriously save on it by eliminating reinforcement and flooring. To move around the attic, it is enough to lay bridges between the lags.

Aerated concrete is a material with which you can quickly build a house. It holds heat well and is easy to install. Aerated concrete buildings build a maximum of up to 3 floors. This is due to the calculation of the ultimate load. Overlapping in such houses are different types, depending on the wishes of the customer. Let's try to understand most of them.

Features and types of floors for aerated concrete

The floors of the first floor are a structurally important part of the building. It is on them that the entire vertical load of the walls of the house made of aerated concrete falls. Also, the ceilings have to withstand the weight of the installed furniture, floor covering and people living in the building. In addition, they provide the necessary rigidity to the structure. Photo of wooden beams different section at the bottom.

It is especially important to correctly calculate and select floors for houses made of aerated concrete. This material, due to its porosity, has a lower compressive strength, which must be taken into account when choosing beams of different sections or other structures for a building made of gas silicate blocks.

There are several floor options for aerated concrete houses. Each of them has its pros and cons and is suitable in a particular case. Types best designs ceilings can be divided into the following types depending on the materials used and installation technologies.

Monolithic;
On metal or wooden beams;
Tiled floors: from aerated concrete or reinforced concrete.

Below you can see a photo of the installation of structures with beams of different sections and others.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete house

The installation of wooden floors in an aerated concrete house along the beams is one of the the best options. A feature of this design is the obligatory armored belt on aerated concrete, on which it will be installed. Wooden beams of different sections are fixed with studs, as well as metal corners and plates. This method is quite reliable for structures made of gas silicate blocks.

The device of wooden floors in the house of aerated concrete on the beams large section differ from each other in several ways. First of all, this concerns the material from which the beams are made. The best forms are edged board or timber, in some cases a log. Increasingly, recently, I-beams have been widely used for installation, and a little less often glued beams in a private house made of aerated concrete.

The arrangement of ceilings from wooden beams of large cross-section on an armored belt on aerated concrete may also differ in the way the voids are filled. For this, the roll of their shields on top of the cranial bars, as well as insulation, vapor and waterproofing materials can be used.

The arrangement and installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete along the beams on the armored belt may also differ according to the material used for filing the beams. It can be drywall sheets, plywood, chipboard, plastic lining, Often the bottom of a wooden floor in a house made of aerated concrete along the beams is left without filing, creating the effect of antiquity or embodying others design solutions. Photo and video solutions with beams and their The best way installation is below.

Monolithic ceiling in aerated concrete house

A monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete along beams of different sections is done independently at the construction site. The exception is the concrete itself, which is needed for installation. It is not recommended to do it in small-sized mixers, but it is better to order it ready-made directly from specialized companies. This is due to the fact that monolithic floors are a structure that is responsible for the safety of people living in aerated concrete houses. Manually preparing reliable concrete is quite difficult.

The most important part of a monolithic floor is the frame. It is made from reinforcement of small section and the required thickness, tying it with wire. The metal frame will take all the load from the concrete. It is mounted in a pre-prepared wooden formwork. Usually the thickness of the monolithic ceiling in gas silicate houses is made 150-300 mm thick. heavy load gas silicate blocks may not endure.

To the benefits monolithic construction can be attributed:

The best bearing capacity, unlike beams of small section;
Variety of manufactured standard sizes for installation and installation in buildings from gas silicate blocks;
Wide range of configurations. You can pour a monolithic ceiling of any shape, and not just a rectangular one, like with beams. It can be seen in the photo.
Possibility of assembly or installation in buildings made of aerated concrete, where the use of tiled flooring devices is limited or completely excluded.

Monolithic structures in a house made of gas silicate blocks, in addition to the advantages, have a number of disadvantages. These include:

Timing. This includes both the duration of the installation itself and the time required for the concrete to gain the necessary strong parameters, in contrast to the ceilings along wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.
The need for specialized equipment for the installation of the best monolithic floors in the house, such as mixers, concrete pumps.
For the installation of the best monolithic floor in a house of gas silicate blocks, it is necessary to make a project for calculating the load.
Fairly high price, increasing total cost installation of a building made of aerated concrete, in contrast to the overlap on wooden beams.

Interfloor ceilings

The device of the best interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete on wooden beams of different sections or on a monolithic basis is one of the most important. Its feature is the need to install a floor on which people will walk and install household items and furniture. As a result, the load on the best interfloor ceilings will increase significantly in the aerated concrete house on the installed beams.

One of the best solutions is the installation of a wooden floor, namely natural or glued beams, as well as modern I-beams. The step of their installation in the best interfloor ceiling in an aerated concrete house depends on the section, but usually it is 0.6 - 1.2 meters. The best length of large beams in the house is 6 meters. In the photo you can see the correct calculation and installation of the best wooden floor and the number of beams on the first and second floor.

In the wooden floor of an aerated concrete house, excellent beams are mounted at right angles to the load-bearing walls. They will be installed on a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt prepared in advance. Previously, under the wooden beams installed on the walls, in the planned arrangement of floors in the house of aerated concrete, a layer of waterproofing is laid.

The size of the niche should be 2-3 cm. The beam in the aerated concrete house should lie on the reinforcing belt for a length of 15 cm. The supporting part should be wrapped in a layer of roofing material over bitumen or with a self-adhesive membrane. In places where wooden beams are installed on a monolithic reinforcing belt of aerated concrete house, anchors or plates are installed. Look at the photo best solutions installations on gas silicate blocks.

Basement

According to the principle of the device basement on the wooden beams of an aerated concrete house, it almost does not differ from an interfloor one. Although there are some features.

If on ground floor aerated concrete house there are damp rooms: a bathhouse, a swimming pool, then it is necessary to lay a waterproofing layer along the beams before installing the insulation. If interfloor overlap the house is wooden, then the material must be treated with an antiseptic to avoid the occurrence of fungus and rot.
With a cold lower floor of a house made of aerated concrete, for example, a pantry, a garage, the size of the insulation along the beams should be increased. Best Thickness- 20 cm. Photo with the installation of wooden beams below.
The difference in temperature between the floors of an aerated concrete house can lead to condensation. To avoid such a situation, a vapor barrier layer should be given on top of the insulation of the wooden interfloor ceiling along the wooden beams. Look at the photo for the best installation solutions for gas silicate blocks.

Attic floor in a house made of gas silicate blocks

A feature of the device of the attic wooden floor in aerated concrete houses, in contrast to the interfloor, is the absence of laying the floor along the beams in most cases. Except for the moments when the attic will be used as living rooms.

If the premises will be used as a pantry, for example, then only the subfloor along the beams will be enough. Most often, on the attic wooden floor in an elite house made of aerated concrete, instead of the floor, unlike the interfloor, they will simply lay bridges, through which you can control the state truss system or roofs.

To prevent cold from penetrating from an unheated attic into the interblock space, insulation should be laid along the beams. His optimum thickness should be 15-20 cm. Due to the lower load on the wooden floor in the house of aerated concrete, in contrast to the interfloor, it can be made from beams of smaller diameter, as seen in the photo.

The device of floors in the houses of their aerated concrete: video

Regardless of what material is chosen for the installation of floors in aerated concrete house, the work requires special knowledge and skills. The video below shows step by step the process of installing wooden beams on gas silicate blocks.

For the installation of metal and wooden interfloor floors of a house from gas silicate blocks, the main stages are the manufacture of beams, their installation on special gaps in the reinforcing belt, the installation of flooring from boards or profiles, all necessary insulation and waterproofing layers, floors.

The monolithic works of the first floor consist of the preparation of the formwork, the manufacture of the frame and the pouring of concrete. Tiled interfloor are considered the simplest, you just need to correctly place the blanks on load-bearing walls from gas silicate blocks, as in the photo.

Overlapping of the first and second floors in aerated concrete house

For the device of overlapping the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, any possible types structures. It can be tiled, monolithic, wooden or metal beams along a reinforced belt. The ceilings of the first floor in the house do not receive negative effects either from the cold and damp basement or from the attic. Although often they account for the main load on the beams.

Usually heavy furniture, bedrooms are placed on the second floor, people often move. Therefore, you need to carefully calculate the load on interfloor monolithic wooden floors and beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks, see the photo.

After overlapping the second floor, there is usually an attic. If it is made in the form of an attic, where it is supposed to be placed living rooms, then the requirements for the interfloor wooden floor made of beams in a house made of gas silicate blocks will be the same as after the first floor. If the attic is non-residential or not equipped at all due to its low height, then you can make a lightweight structure without flooring or limit yourself to installing a rough one. A photo of the beams is just below.

Armopoyas on aerated concrete

The device of a reinforced belt on an aerated concrete house is a fundamental thing for floors of the first floor along wooden beams. It has several meanings. First, thanks to the interfloor monolithic armored belt the entire aerated concrete house is strengthened on the aerated concrete, reliably tightening the aerated concrete.

The room becomes more protected from sediment and deformation. Secondly, wooden or metal floor beams in an aerated concrete house are laid on the reinforcing belt. Photos and videos of the reinforced belt are just below.

In order to install a monolithic armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors, special material with a gutter is used. A metal frame made of reinforcement is installed in them. Then concrete is poured for the reinforced belt. To preserve heat outside the wall, polystyrene insulation is added for floors on wooden beams in an aerated concrete house.

If it is impossible to purchase special aerated concrete, then you can make a regular monolithic reinforced belt or make your own holes. Photos and videos of the structure below, as well as the wooden beams located on them.

Choosing the best floor for an aerated concrete house: expert advice

What is the best floor for an aerated concrete house? Or which one is more reliable? Such questions are often asked by people planning to build a house from aerated concrete. There is no single answer to them. But it is possible to highlight the fundamental points.

Overlapping on the basement floor of an aerated concrete house is best done monolithic or block. Wooden and metal beams are significantly deformed under the influence of excess moisture, and even all the necessary waterproofing materials will not be able to completely protect them.
For an attic floor in an aerated concrete house, it is quite light wooden structure from beams, with a rough floor and a thick layer of insulation. It will bear the minimum load that any design must cope with.
For the interfloor overlapping of an aerated concrete house, you can choose both tiled and monolithic or using wooden and metal beams option.

The construction of houses from gas blocks is very popular lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, it is easy to get a smooth surface of the walls.

When determining the design of the house, the question arises, what kind of overlap is best done in houses from aerated concrete blocks. We will first make a brief overview options, and then we will focus on the wooden floors in the house made of aerated concrete.

Which cover is better

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can arrange different kinds interfloor floors. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.

Brief description of reinforced concrete floors

Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:

strength;
durability;
high bearing capacity;
good sound insulation;
high fire resistance and incombustibility.

But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.

Ceiling from precast concrete panels. In the case of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow optimal panel selection. right size. Since the panels are produced only in a rectangular shape, it is impossible to cover rounded areas and irregular rooms with them. geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be additionally sealed with monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of the reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly fast process, it is the installation that can become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon the prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the ability to drive a crane to install them.

Advantages:

quick installation.

Flaws:

restrictions on size and shape;
the need for a crane access during installation.

Monolithic concrete floor. A monolithic ceiling is convenient because it does not require large equipment and can be made in any size and shape. But the construction of a monolith is a very laborious process. This is the manufacture and installation of formwork, device metal frame, preparation of concrete and its pouring, care of concrete in the process of hardening. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to follow certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution in the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Laboriousness, duration and a large number of so-called "wet processes" can make you think about finding another option for the design of the floor.

Advantages:

the ability to perform overlappings of any shape;
no big equipment needed.

Flaws:

high labor intensity and duration of the process;
wet process;
you need a large amount of water, and it may not yet be in such volumes on the site;
the need to comply with the technological regimes for the preparation and placement of concrete.

A significant disadvantage for concrete floors when choosing a floor material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks is its weight. Given that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more brittle than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete, it is preferable to use a lighter floor structure.

Brief description of wooden floors

Therefore, very often the choice stops on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, can cover rooms of various configurations.

The manufacture and installation of wooden floors is not difficult. For the installation of such an overlap, large equipment is not needed, you can use home-made winches and hand tools.

Advantages:

a light weight;
flexibility in configuration;
the presence of an assortment of wood;
not complicated installation.

Flaws:

combustibility;
the need for antiseptic protection.

Wooden floor: construction and installation

The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made of solid wood or glued beams. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections, depending on the step of the beams and the overlapped span, can be found in the table.

Table of sections of wooden beams of the floor, depending on the span and step of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400kg / m2.

	Span, m
Beam spacing, m	2,0	2,5	3,0	4,0	4,5	5,0	6,0
	Bar section, mm
0,6	75x100	75x150	75x200	100x200	100x200	125x200	150x225
1,0	75x150	100x150	100x175	125x200	150x200	150x225	175x250
	Log diameter, mm
1,0	110	130	140	170	190	200	230
0,6	130	150	170	210	230	240	270

Fixing the beam in the wall. During the construction of the wall at the design height, floor beams begin to be laid out. Beams are brought into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with a waterproofing material: wrapped with roofing paper, covered bituminous mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.

Around the beam should remain small air gap, the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall, polystyrene insulation is arranged.

If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are interconnected with an overlap from 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is desirable to make the joints of the beams over inner wall or other support.

Floor structure device. For the device of heat and sound insulation of the ceiling between the beams, sound and heat insulation is laid. For this purpose, a roll is made in the lower part of the beams, for fastening which along the bottom of the beams are nailed cranial bars section size 50x50 mm. Insulating materials must fit snugly against the bars. The bottom of the beams is hemmed with plywood, OSB-board, or plasterboard.

Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a draft floor is laid along them. To improve sound insulation under the subfloor and under the logs, you can lay special noise and vibration-absorbing pads.

To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of ceiling deflection from the effect of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option for installing the floor and ceiling on divided beams. The main idea of this method is to separate the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main load-bearing beams.

Floor beams are laid directly on the wall with armored belt. Between them in the middle are mounted ceiling beams that are attached to the wall with brackets.

Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the carriers, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. Ceiling beams will not carry heavy loads, their main task is to keep suspended ceiling and a pie from soundproof materials. Therefore, ceiling beams, according to the calculation, can be installed with a smaller section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the bearing ones. Thus, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.

The device of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important

In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is a must structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams to the wall, which helps to ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is essential for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the ceiling, it also serves to maintain the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation in case of possible soil settlement and slight foundation movements. Therefore, special attention is paid to the device of a monolithic belt.

For the device of a monolithic belt, there are special U-shaped gas blocks.

Reinforcement is laid inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

The lower row of rods is laid on special gaskets so that a protective layer of concrete is formed under the reinforcement from below.

If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones, aerated concrete is well cut. You can also make a U-block yourself by sawing out the inside of the block with a hand saw.

A frame is made from reinforcement.

Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted with a wire.

At the junction, it is desirable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement with an arc.

Embedded parts (rods) can be attached to it, to which floor beams will be attached. From the outer side of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.

and filled with concrete

Since special blocks are expensive, or they may not be commercially available, a monolithic belt can be made like an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.

In order to outer wall the place of its installation was not visually visible; the installation of the armored belt is carried out as follows, on the outer wall we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, lay 50 mm polystyrene. WITH inside walls we put formwork from wooden shield, in the resulting space we lay the armored belt.

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Much lighter than brick, since this material has a larger size, it is easier to lay it. Below you will find information on how to build a house from a cinder block with your own hands, what materials and tools you will need for this, how to choose a foundation, build walls and mount a roof.

For construction, you need to prepare:

cinder blocks in the right amount;
cement, sand and gravel;
concrete mixer, vibrator, shovels and buckets;
formwork boards;
metal channel;
floor beams and rafter boards;
roofing material;
reinforcement with a thickness of 10-12 mm for the frame;
buckets, shovels, trowel, grater.

Building a house with your own hands

How to build a house with your own hands? First you need to choose the type of foundation for the house.

If a small country house without a basement, you can build strip foundation, making it shallow. It should be noted that such a foundation can only be built on non-rocky soil.

If the soil on the site is poor, you need to consider the option of building pile foundation. You can use both ordinary reinforced concrete piles and screw piles, which are easier to mount.

Schemes for building a house may vary, but it should be noted that it is recommended to build only one-story houses on shallow and pile foundations.

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Construction of a strip foundation

The site where the house will stand is leveled and all large stones are removed. Then mark it with a thick fishing line with stakes. This type of base is called tape because it is concrete tape, which is located under the walls of the future structure.

According to the marking, a trench is dug to a depth of 80-100 cm. Gravel is poured into the trench and compacted. For tamping, it is best to use a simple device that is easy to make yourself from trimming a log by attaching a transverse handle to it. A sand cushion is poured onto the gravel and is also rammed.

After that, the formwork from the boards is installed. It should rise above ground level by at least 50 cm. Then a power frame should be built from reinforcement 10-12 cm thick. The reinforcement is connected in the form of lattices with cells of 25-30 cm. Special knitting wire should be used for fastening. The frame is installed inside the formwork. He will give concrete base extra strength. When everything is ready, the formwork is laid with polyethylene so that water from the concrete mixture does not go into the soil. After that, you can start making concrete mortar for pouring the foundation.

To prepare concrete you will need:

cement brand M400-M500;
coarse-grained sifted sand;
medium sized gravel;
water;
mixing container or concrete mixer;
buckets, shovels.

Cement is mixed with sand and gravel in a ratio of 1:3:5. The solution should not be too thick or thin. It should be noted that the foundation must be poured at a time so that there are no seams on it. The strength of the concrete tape suffers from the presence of seams. Therefore, it is recommended to use a concrete mixer. If this is not possible, then the help of 2-3 people is needed to quickly mix the required amount of mortar, quickly pour it into the formwork.

As pouring, the solution should be tamped so that it disperses between the bars of the power frame. If it is possible to use a vibrator, then it is immersed in concrete as it is poured. If there is no vibrator, then the solution is pierced with a spade bayonet, doing this many times.

When the solution is poured into the formwork, the drying process begins. Dries and gains the necessary strength concrete mix for 4-6 weeks, and during this time the foundation should not be left ownerless. It can dry out from the sun or get wet from the rain. This will make the concrete less durable. Therefore, in the heat it is covered with wet rags, and in the rain - with plastic wrap. As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can start directly building a house from cinder blocks, that is, building walls.

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Cinder Block House: Building Walls

Before laying the first row, waterproofing is laid on the concrete tape (Fig. 3). You can lay 2 layers of roofing material or use some other waterproofing material. being prepared cement mortar from 1 part of cement and 3 parts of fine-grained, well-sifted sand. First, cinder blocks are placed along the edges of the future row and a rope is pulled between them. This will allow you to lay the row evenly. It should be borne in mind that the location of all other rows of masonry depends on the first row, so it must be laid out as carefully as possible.

It is necessary to determine in advance where the windows and doors will be located. For above door or window openings use a metal channel laid on the wall. Having raised the walls of the house to the desired height, it is necessary to prepare for the construction of the ceiling. To do this, in the penultimate row of masonry, cuttings of wire are implanted, to which the beams will be attached.