What could be more pleasant at the end of the working day than just sitting by the fireplace? But if you have a fireplace in your house, then the roof of your house will be decorated with a chimney. Although its task is only to remove smoke, the smoke exhaust duct is a complex engineering structure. Surely you will be interested in learning how to build a chimney with your own hands.
Making a chimney
How to make a chimney? Its main part is a straight vertical channel. Smoke rises directly from the boiler along vertical pipe, which goes out to the roof through the cutting and ceilings.
Due to the unstable temperature and pressure in the chimney, a draft is formed, with the help of which the air moves from bottom to top. The presence of traction is key moment in the correct operation of the entire structure. The chimney pipe must be round sections, this significantly increases aerodynamic characteristics, which is important. If the pipe has smooth walls, then the smoke will rise upward without hindrance, without creating turbulence. To eliminate the possibility of condensation, it is better to insulate the outer walls of the pipe.
Important parameters
When choosing a method for making a chimney, first of all you need to pay attention to the following parameters of your stove:
- type of heating device;
- flue gas temperature;
- location;
- efficiency.
The most popular material for making a chimney is brick. It can withstand high temperatures (up to 600 degrees Celsius). But in addition to brick, heat-resistant steel or ceramics are often used.
Modern heat generators of a new generation are used as fuel natural gas or liquid fuels, they have a very high efficiency, approximately 90%. But there are also disadvantages, the possible appearance of aggressively acidic condensate, which easily destroys porous - asbestos cement and brick. Fortunately, this problem can be easily solved with additional waterproofing. In general, you will have to tinker to make a chimney for the fireplace with your own hands.
Chimney "sandwich"
The best option in terms of price/quality ratio is a sandwich chimney. It is a thermally insulated channel with for a long time service and a low rate of soot and condensation formation. The chimney is designed in compliance with the main requirement: as the height of the pipe increases, the draft also increases.
The installation of the boiler indoors also plays an important role. The internal chimney is usually located inside the building. In most cases, you do not need to insulate the internal chimney. Only if the pipes pass through attics that are not heated, will they still have to be insulated.
DIY installation
Do-it-yourself chimney installation is usually done “bottom-up”, that is, starting from the fireplace. Pipe links must be assembled sequentially, each new link is inserted into the previous one. Thanks to this sequence of installing a chimney with your own hands, it protects the insulation from moisture. But for better protection from moisture, it is recommended to use a special sealant.
Joints in heating must be fixed special clamps, in increments of 1.5-2 meters along the laying line, install brackets. Brackets are necessary for attaching the structure to various elements of the structure. Be very careful that the box heating system did not come into contact with electrical wiring or gas pipes, it will be ideal if there is a distance of about one meter between them.
When planning how to make a chimney, you should provide a door at the bottom through which cleaning will take place in the future. Also note that the walls should be made of non-combustible material.
Chimney lining
Sometimes a chimney is built with your own hands not “from scratch”, but is built into the channel of an old smoke exhaust channel that has served its purpose new pipe. This procedure is called sleeving.
For sleeving, a flexible sleeve or liner is used. plastic pipe, or a pipe from of stainless steel, which is inserted into brickwork old chimney. The choice of material depends primarily on the design of the channel. The steel sleeve can be easily inserted into a straight chimney duct. If the old channel has bends, then installing a steel sleeve will require partial destruction of the chimney masonry and walls. In this case, it is advisable to use a flexible liner made of heat-resistant polymer.
With high-quality insulation of the chimney, the room will warm up very quickly, and the formation of condensation will be very insignificant. Also, if you have placed chimney pipes near flammable materials, the insulation will provide additional protection. A piece of pipe that will go outside must be protected from strong wind and fix in one position. Screens, deflectors and weather vanes will protect pipes from debris and bad weather.
Homeowners, as a rule, take the organization of heating in their homes very seriously, choose the safest boiler models, and turn to experienced stove makers. However, what is sometimes overlooked is that incorrect chimney installation is often even more dangerous.
Chimney pipe – essential element heating system in a private house, the assembly of which is carried out in accordance with building regulations and requirements fire safety. Installation of a chimney carried out without following these rules is fraught with irreversible consequences - a fire or carbon monoxide poisoning in the house. Today’s article will tell you about the types of chimneys, their design and installation methods.
The chimney pipe serves to transfer smoke and combustion products into the atmosphere; it starts from the inlet pipe of the heating device in the house and ends above the roof ridge protective umbrella. In private construction, the following types are mainly used:
The material from which the chimney is made can be selected correctly based on three factors: compliance with the material of the heating device, low thermal conductivity and tightness of the connections.
Chimney outlet methods
The main task of a chimney is to remove smoke outside the house, which can be organized in several ways. The choice of pipe insertion location depends on the location of the heating device, free space and type of chimney. The following pipe placement options are used:
External placement is well suited for the bulky design of a brick chimney, and if a metal pipe is routed through the wall, you will have to take care of additional insulation or use special sandwich pipes.
Chimney requirements
The selection of elements is carried out taking into account the requirements technical characteristics heating device. In order for the system to operate smoothly, the basic principles of chimney design must be observed:
- Preferred round form, since combustion products and dust accumulate in the corners of the pipe. Round chimneys require cleaning less often than rectangular and square ones.
- The cross-section of the pipe should not be less than the diameter of the heating device pipe. It is calculated that for every kilowatt of power, 8 square meters are required to ensure the proper level of thrust. cm sections. Typically, information about the required size of the chimney is contained in the instructions for the heating device.
- Each heating device requires the installation of its own chimney. In some cases, you can deviate from this rule, but then the devices must be located at a different height, the distance between the connection points is 1 m or more. And the size of the pipe cross-section should take into account the total power of the heat generators.
- The total length of the horizontal sections of the chimney cannot exceed 1 m; violation of this rule reduces the draft force.
- The chimney ends 0.5-1.5 m above the ridge, at flat roof– 0.5 m above the surface.
The main criterion for selecting pipes is fire safety requirements and compliance with the heat-generating device, appearance, aesthetics and saving space inside the house are secondary.
Installation sequence
Installation of an internal chimney begins with drawing up a diagram and calculation required quantity pipe segments. To assemble correctly, the device is performed in the following order:
Scheme of the chimney outlet through the corrugated roof
After installation is completed, it is necessary to start the heating system, check the draft and tightness of the connections - even a small amount of smoke indicates serious problems, the decision of which is unsafe to postpone.
Installing a chimney in a house is a responsible undertaking, the quality of which determines the comfort and safety of operation of the heating system, so follow the manufacturers’ recommendations and installation technology.
Video instruction
Convenience, comfort and safety of operation and gas boiler, And wood stove baths In today's article we will talk about what the chimney installation diagram looks like for different types of heating devices.
General rules for installing and installing a chimney:
- Fire safety. It is achieved by laying insulation between the chimney and combustible floor materials, as well as thickening the walls of the chimney. It is also necessary to comply minimum distance between the wall and the chimney pipe. A profitable solution is to use a sandwich pipe.
- Having good traction. The first rule of draft: the longer the smoke exhaust channel, the better the draft. The optimal length is 500–600 cm.
- Tightness of the outer part of the pipe. This will ensure proper and long-lasting operation of the chimney.
- Lowest resistance for smoke passage in the exhaust duct. The canal walls should be as smooth as possible.
- Compliance of the material for the manufacture of the chimney temperature conditions And chemical composition exhaust gases. Using different types fuels, different chimneys must be used.
- Enough heat smoke when entering the exhaust duct. If this rule is not followed, condensation will form on the walls of the chimney, which will contribute to the destruction of the internal surface of the chimney. The fewer vertical partitions in the smoke exhaust system, the better. This is especially true for large ovens.
The peculiarity of firewood as a fuel is the great heat it produces. It follows from this that the temperature of the smoke in a wood-burning sauna stove or fireplace will be high, but uneven. Not every chimney can withstand such prolonged exposure.
Most often, heat-resistant bricks are used to install a chimney for heating devices such as a sauna stove or a fireplace with a wood-burning firebox (see).
Making a brick chimney
Correct diagram of a brick chimney general outline might look like this:
- Most often, a top-mounted pipe is used for a wood-burning sauna stove. That is, it continues the exhaust vent of the stove or fireplace itself. You should know that it is better to do the laying of the interior (indoors) using a clay-sand mortar.
You should know: all masonry work with outside buildings must be produced with the addition of cement and water to the solution!
You should know! To prevent water from stagnating on the otter's ledge, it is necessary to make corner slopes from cement plaster on all four sides.
- After the external expansion, the main riser is made, as in attic. For beauty, a brick cap is usually laid out.
- Completes brick chimney impact protection cap environment: wind, precipitation. The shape of the protective umbrella can be different. The best option is the deflector.
A graphic diagram of a brick stove chimney for a house or bathhouse is shown in the figure below.
It is the two-bell smoke exhaust system that is optimal for use in large ovens and fireplaces with large wood-burning hearths. It provides more or less uniform heating in the room, and also has a minimum of obstacles to the movement of smoke to the exhaust duct.
Features of a double chimney for a fireplace
Another chimney option is a double pipe. On the outside it is made of brick, and inside there is a metal cylindrical part. If the pipe is made of stainless steel, then this chimney option is suitable for installing a gas boiler.
Combined double smoke exhausts for fireplaces have a number of advantages over brick ones:
- The channel for the movement of smoke has a smooth surface, without obstacles.
- The fire safety of the building as a whole increases.
- The outer part can be laid without fluff.
- The service life of the chimney increases.
- The tightness of the entire chimney is improved.
The figure below shows a diagram of a chimney for a fireplace or gas boiler that has a combined structure.
The peculiarity of this design is that it is usually made in a radical design, and not mounted. That is, the chimney itself is located directly next to the heating unit.
- When installing a combined chimney, a foundation is first made, which has a minimum height 30 cm.
- The brickwork of the shaft is done in accordance with the same conditions as when installing a conventional brick chimney.
- Due to design features double channel, the outer shaft is placed vertically without necessarily thickening the walls in the area of the ceiling.
- At the bottom, immediately after the foundation, a niche is made with a door for cleaning.
- A stainless steel metal pipe is assembled from top to bottom in such a way that each subsequent elbow is inserted inside the previous one.
- All joints of the internal part of the combined chimney are treated with a sealant with a heat resistance declared by the manufacturer of at least 1000°C.
Correct installation of chimneys for gas equipment
The characteristics of the waste generated during the operation of a gas boiler imply certain design requirements for chimneys for this type heating devices(cm. ).
Assembling a chimney for a boiler with natural draft
General scheme installation of a chimney for a floor-standing gas boiler with a hole for removing combustion products at the back of the housing is as follows:
- Since acid-containing substances appear in the smoke generated during operation of a gas boiler, the chimney must be made of acid-resistant stainless steel. Such systems are sold in stores and the process of assembling them is not particularly complicated. The best option is a two-channel chimney of the “sandwich” type.
- The main part of the pipe is located on the street. To add rigidity, it is attached in one or two places to wall brackets.
You should know: since the exhaust combustion products in gas equipment have a low temperature, condensation may form. To protect the boiler from water getting inside when using a single-channel chimney, you should install a condensate collector in the system, and also insulate the part of the pipe that runs outside. More rational decision- use of a sandwich type chimney.
The sandwich pipe consists of three layers:
- The inner layer of the sandwich pipe experiences serious chemical and thermal loads; stainless heat-resistant steel is used for its manufacture;
- The middle layer of the sandwich pipe is insulation (basalt fiber);
- The outer contour of the sandwich pipe is galvanized or stainless steel.
The cross-section of the sandwich pipe is oval, since this shape is optimal for installing a chimney for a gas boiler.
You should know! All contacts with flammable substances in walls and ceilings must be insulated with non-combustible materials.
- When exiting onto the roof, the pipe has a protruding part (skirt), which performs the same function as an otter in a brick pipe.
- For better protection against penetration of precipitation under the roof, the pipe is inserted into the hole of a kind of apron, shaped like a square.
You should know! Before purchasing a chimney roofing unit (apron), be sure to measure the slope of the roof surface! This will allow you to guide the chimney pipe through the hole of the unit as accurately as possible and ensure the highest tightness of this structure.
- The chimney is completed with a conical or fungal cap.
Installing a hood for a wall-mounted boiler
There is a type of gas boilers with forced exhaust combustion products. Inside exhaust chamber Such devices have a “duchik” - a fan.
The chimneys of such boilers are different minimum sizes in length and the least complexity in installation. They consist of two channels, isolated stone wool High Quality. The internal channel serves as an exhaust hood, and the external one serves as an air intake from the street.
Chimney diagram for a boiler with coaxial output Simple, installation is carried out as follows:
- A bend with an angle of 87 degrees.
- Next, a hole is marked in the wall for the pipe. Then the boiler is removed from the anchors and a through hole is hollowed out (cut out) according to the markings, taking into account the laying of non-combustible insulation in 30–100 mm along the entire circumference of the pipe.
- Now we push the pipe through the hole and insert it into the outlet, which is already attached with special screws to the boiler body.
You should know! To seal all connections included in the kit coaxial chimney includes a special sealant and a wide clamp.
A chimney is an essential part of the heating system of a private home. It ensures the proper functioning of the stove or boiler and organizes the removal of harmful combustion products outside the home.
We will try to figure out how to install a chimney with our own hands so that heating communications are safe for both people and the home.
The installation of heating devices is subject to the requirements set out in the regulatory documentation.
Installation of devices is regulated by the provisions SNiP 2.04.05–91 And DBN V.2.5-20-2001. Also, before drawing up a project, it is advisable to study materials about heating systems ( SNiP 41-01-2003), about heat generation devices ( NPB 252–98), O technical conditions for operation of thermal devices ( GOST 9817–95), on the rules and regulations for the operation of smoke ducts (VDPO).
The design of the chimney and installation features must fully comply with the requirements specified in SNiP, otherwise you will not receive a construction inspection certificate, which is issued after commissioning
Some of the requirements are addressed specifically to the installation of chimneys. The design of the structure can be anything, but the material must be non-flammable.
The materials used for the construction of chimneys can be:
- steel;
- ceramics;
- brick.
Without exception, all structures are prefabricated, and the installation itself is fragmentary, since the chimney passes through several rooms (for example, a room and an attic).
In order for a structure to meet fire safety requirements, its parameters must be correctly calculated, and all component parts must be sized accordingly. When installing factory equipment, you must follow all the recommendations set out in the instructions, including the assembly procedure and methods for installing parts.
Image gallery
Transitions through floors and roofs require the use of fire retardants thermal insulation materials, for example, mineral wool, and the device of protective blocks, which can be called “sandwich within a sandwich”
Construction of a chimney for a gas boiler, stove or fireplace is a responsible task that requires special permission, design and professional skills. If you are not confident in your abilities, entrust the installation of the pipe to specialists who will carry out the work taking into account all norms and requirements.
If you have already built a chimney yourself or are an expert in this matter, please share your experience and knowledge with our readers. Tell us about the nuances of building a chimney in the block below.
IN
Having taken up → (the link tells how to make a stove in the country), the owner inevitably faces the question of how to make a chimney with your own hands. A chimney is needed both to remove combustion products and to create a so-called draft in the stove, an air flow created by a pressure difference that ensures fuel combustion and removal of combustion products.
Content.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What happens in the oven?
The combustion process from a chemical point of view is a process of oxidation, in other words, the combination of substances and oxygen with the release of heat.
The result of the reaction, in addition to heat, will be the appearance of new compounds, as well as the transition of some fuel substances into gaseous form. At the same time, in accordance with the law of conservation: how many substances by weight enter into the reaction, the same amount should be “output”.
If the fuel is solid (coal, firewood, peat, etc.), the lion's share of the remaining weight will be the ash remaining in the furnace. In addition, we will get steamy water, carbon dioxide etc.
By burning gas or liquid fuel, the output will be carbon dioxide, water vapor and a set of other gaseous compounds. There will be practically no solid residue.
A little physics
Without knowing why and how smoke moves, making a chimney for a stove with your own hands is problematic; at a minimum, it may not be effective enough.
The mechanics here are quite simple: warm air has a lower density than cold air, and therefore less weight, therefore, according to the laws of physics, it “floats”, being pushed out by the heavier one.
During this process, it gradually cools down, mixes with the surrounding air and, finally reaching the same temperature, stops.
If we let warm air through a channel limited by walls that prevents it from mixing with the surrounding air, it will cool much more slowly, especially if the chimney for the stove is made of a material that does not conduct heat well or is additionally insulated.
The longer the chimney, the greater the volume warm air in it, the more significant the power it creates. Accordingly, the pressure air flow– traction – more.
Interference and obstacles
The process of smoke exiting the firebox can be prevented by the appearance of an area of high pressure, which, like a plug, will “plug” the chimney.
Cooled air in the chimney can become such an obstacle. That is why, increasing the height chimney It makes sense only up to a certain limit, beyond which each centimeter of height will not increase the thrust, but decrease it.