A right angle between walls is necessary quite often. For example, to properly install a bathtub, kitchen sink or table. But most people simply do not take this need into account, and then regret it when a centimeter gap appears between the bathtub and the wall. Also, an indirect angle is detected by floor tiles, when the trimming on the sides turns out different. And there are even worse situations. Therefore, take this material seriously.
Builders erecting modern houses, contrary to the opinion of the majority, they do not care about the proximity of the corners in apartments to 90 degrees. All they care about is the amount of work, and often they are not even given any measuring tool For plastering works. Just a trowel and a trowel. “Way, Rovshan!”
How to make a right angle between the walls after such a hack? There are two options here: either we plaster on the beacons, or we level the walls with plasterboard. And if in the second case no difficulties should arise - we simply twist the profiles along the square, then with gypsum plaster everything is a little more complicated.
Daddy, the option “I’ll level everything with tiles” won’t work either. Practice shows that all those who try to make a right angle by smoothly building up a layer of tile adhesive invariably mess up. Moreover, their angle is not straight, and the tiles lie crooked. If you find the strength and courage to plaster on beacons, then you can make a perfect right angle without any problems. On which you can quite calmly lay the tiles “under the comb”.
First fundamental principle plaster at a right angle - first we plaster one wall in the usual way.
Usually the longest. Entirely. It is much easier and faster to build an angle from a finished plane.
What's next? You will need two plastering rules. Preferably the length of the entire wall. Often bathrooms have dimensions around 175x175, so in this case, take two two-room apartments and shorten them with a grinder or a hacksaw.
Let's assume that you have already plastered one wall, ideally. And the adjacent one has dimensions of 175x275 cm. In this case, two beacons will be needed. Let's mark them. Everything is as it should be, at a distance of 30 cm from the walls. But there's one here important nuance. The pair of lower screws must be strictly at the same level. Accordingly, the top pair too. A little later you will find out why. It is also recommended to mark a line on the plastered wall that lies at the same level as the bottom pair of screws.
Next, holes are drilled and dowels and screws are driven into them. Now what? Of course, you can’t do anything with a simple half-meter square. The solution lies on the surface - you need a larger square. It is made from two rules. But how to make sure that they form a strictly 90 degree angle? Not on a small square, that makes no sense. Everything is much simpler.
There is the Pythagorean theorem. Which unambiguously establishes the aspect ratio right triangle. The root of the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the hypotenuse. Remember school course geometry. What this all means is that if you can build a triangle on the floor whose sides are related in the same way, one of its angles will be exactly 90 degrees. The simplest case is the so-called. Egyptian triangle, whose sides are in a ratio of 3:4:5. It is usually convenient to take 120:160:200 cm in practice.
So, a line is drawn on the floor with a pencil. It is not advisable to use a marker; accuracy is important here. Two points are placed on it: one at the edge, the second at a distance of 120 cm from the first. Then take a piece of the lighthouse, or you can use a tape measure. It will be necessary to set aside 160 cm from the first point, and 200 cm from the second. It would be more precise to construct fragments of circles of the indicated radii. The intersection point of these figures will be the third vertex of the triangle. All that remains is to connect the vertices. That's it, you have constructed a right triangle with high accuracy. 
The next step is to place two rules on the floor exactly along the lines. Since they will lie with their beveled edges facing outward, this will not be so easy. You'll have to use a square. So, the rules are combined with the lines: 
Now you need to securely fasten them together. This is usually done with self-tapping screws with a press washer or black metal screws. The main thing is to prevent the rules from shifting relative to the lines under the influence of vibration from a screwdriver or drill. It is enough to consolidate the rules at two points:
But, in general, this is not enough. You need to use an additional strip from a Knauf protective corner, for example. We fasten it as shown in the figure: 
Now you have a huge, hard, and most importantly, accurate square. You return to the room where you will have beacons. There is already a line marked along which you will apply the square. Yes, you need to place it strictly in a horizontal plane, otherwise there will be an error.
You should have already previously assessed the degree of deviation of the angle from 90 degrees, so you know which screw from the bottom pair to take as a basis. Let's assume that the angle was obtuse, so the screw closest to the already plastered wall is unscrewed to a minimum (7-8 mm). And the far one will already twist around the square. Apply it to the line already finished wall and to the exposed screw of the lower pair on the marked one. Look. Let's say the farthest self-tapping screw does not reach the square by about 4 mm. Unscrew it approximately this distance and again assess the situation with a square. You may have to apply it several times, but, in general, the installation process of the self-tapping screw will take you no more than a couple of minutes. If the angle was initially sharp, install the farthest self-tapping screw first. And the neighbor - along the square.
It is inconvenient to set the top pair of screws with the same square - it is heavy, it is difficult to lift it, it constantly slides off the heads. Therefore, it will be easier to simply set them vertically relative to the bottom pair. By plumb line or bubble level. In any case, if your first wall is perfectly aligned, you will get a perfectly right angle both above and below, automatically.
If you need to set a right angle on the opposite wall, then no problem, do everything exactly the same. This may be necessary, for example, if the dimensions of the bathtub are close to the walls. At the same time, cutting the tiles on the floor will work out perfectly. It is recommended not to set up all the beacons in advance and then plaster them. It would be much better, although it would take longer, to mark and plaster each wall one at a time. But you will know for sure that you have not made a mistake anywhere.
Now you know how to make a right angle between walls when plastering. By spending a couple of hours laying out the tiles, you'll save more on your tile installation costs and get a professional quality finish much easier.
build-journal.ru
Beacons for leveling corners
89;beacons do not need to be dismantled for leveling
It is best to take measurements with a laser level, as the most convenient and accurate control tool, and then set beacons along which to draw a right angle between the walls:
- made from steel profile. They are not afraid of water, are easily mounted on the wall, have a perfectly flat surface and cannot be dismantled after completion of work;
- from wooden slats cross section 20x30 mm.
1053;despite the fact that they have a number of disadvantages, due to their accessibility they are used more often than others. After leveling the wall must be removed; - the oldest type is the display of beacons from a fragment mortar mixture. There is no need to remove them, but this method is often used by experienced plasterers.
With the help of which beacons to align corners, as well as to make the walls in rooms smooth, the specialist decides individually.
How to make a right angle
alignleft="" width="300" height="199" srcset="" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" title="reinforcing mesh"> При больших перепадах и отклонениях используйте армирующую сетку !}If the deviation is more than 2 cm, additional operations will be required:
- reinforcement by installing reinforcing mesh;
- by braiding wire over pre-hammered dowels, nails or screws. Depends on wall material: concrete, brick, shell rock, foam concrete, foam block;
- stuffing shingles in wooden houses.
If the walls have a slight deviation, then alignment is carried out directly between them, as well as between the wall and the ceiling. In this case, the solution is applied to the corners and leveled using the corner rule. Further from the corner line, the mortar on the wall is reduced to nothing. For more information about aligning corners, watch this video:
Aligning corners is the most labor-intensive construction process, which is best left to professionals.
Leveling Tools
Leveling without a standard set of tools is impossible. These include:
- The rule is 100-120 mm wide. It is made of aluminum slats up to 150 cm long. Allows you to evaluate all the irregularities of the wall, its bulges and depressions.
- Wooden grater 50-70 cm long. Can be made of plastic or metal. Used to level the mortar on the wall.
- Grater. Used in hard-to-reach places for leveling and grouting.
- Corner in the form right triangle. Made from wood or metal. It is used to check the evenness of the surface and corners. The longer the sides that make up the rectangle, the more convenient it is for performing work on constructing a 90-degree angle.
The table shows construction angle meters that differ in design and measurement method:
| № | Name | characteristic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | electronic | The display displays the results of vertical and horizontal deviations |
| 2 | laser | Liquid crystal display, angle measurement, memory of the last 20 measurements |
| 3 | optical | Consists of glass: dials and plates with an index of arc minutes |
| 4 | mechanical | Inexpensive, accurate measurement of internal and external angles |
| 5 | pendulum | The pendulum is rigidly connected to an indicating arrow, which shows the deviation of the measured angle from the vertical or horizontal base |
Before making a right angle, use a trowel to spread the mortar onto the wall, and use a spatula to remove small irregularities.
Without mortar it is impossible to align the corners. To prepare it, use a container of suitable volume, sand with cement or dry mortar in a ready-made proportion.
moyastena.ru
Plastering internal corners: permissible deviations.
Corners are one of the most difficult elements in wall decoration. Unlike plastering walls using beacons, the difficulty lies in the fact that even the most minimal deviation, imperceptible on the wall, is clearly visible in the corner.
The requirements for plastering are quite strict:
- Line must be perfectly flat with a deviation of no more than 1 mm.
Violation of the requirement leads to bending of the corner, difficulty in fastening wall-mounted furniture, and the external aesthetic unattractiveness of such finishing.
- No slopes: The walls are strictly vertical, the ceilings are horizontal.
The significant slope of the wall makes it difficult to fix hanging furniture, decorative elements, does not allow objects to be placed close to the wall (there will definitely be an oblique gap at the top or bottom).
- Strictly 90 degrees. This is difficult to achieve in old buildings with skewed walls, in houses built with errors.
Complicates the installation of rotating communication elements. For example, when carrying out heating, it is more difficult to lay a pipe, because standard “turns” are only 90 and 45 degrees.
It is more difficult to join plastic skirting boards.
Small deviations and distortions are acceptable, but only 1-2mm. With significant initial curvature, it is more difficult to achieve high-quality results. Therefore, plastering the corners of walls with your own hands is considered a difficult task.
How to make a right angle.
A slight slope of the wall that can be leveled with mortar is 15-20 mm. You can do the work yourself, you just need to follow the rules:
- Plastering walls according to lighthouses. Without correctly placed guidelines, it is difficult to complete the work efficiently. Beacons are installed plumb or level at a distance of 10-15 cm from the corner.
- Maintain consistency. Plaster on internal and external corners is not installed immediately. First, pour on a thin solution, let it set, and only then apply the main part.
If leveling involves the presence of a thick layer of mortar, then the work is done in two steps: throw on one layer, let it harden, then the second. The plaster on the walls along the beacons, applied at once in a thick layer, falls off, comes off the wall under its own weight, the connection of the layer with the base will be weak.
- Do not rush. You don't have to do everything at once. First, the wall is usually aligned along the beacons, not reaching the corner by 1-2 cm. Then, using the rule, the angle itself is leveled.
Easy way make the plaster smooth - step-by-step work. First, treat one wall and let it dry. Then the second one adjacent to it is aligned. It’s easier to work this way, because one wall is already smooth and solid.
Even easier plastering corners using a large metal square. It is usually used to direct movement from bottom to top. The tool rests and slides on beacons mounted near the corners.
How to straighten a corner with a significant curvature of the wall.
If the walls slope by more than 1-2 cm, additional operations are necessary; it is impossible to level out a wall distortion of 5-7 cm!
"Weighing down."
The degree of wall deformation must be reliably assessed. To do this, the surface is studied using a plumb line - a heavy metal weight on a rope or a building level attached to a rule.
Installation of beacons.
It is better to prepare depressions that are too deep before installing the beacons so that the latter do not interfere with work. For small but deep distortions, you can plaster the walls along the beacons right away.
Reinforcement.
Plaster that is too thick does not adhere well to the wall. Therefore, the places where the curvature of the wall is leveled using mortar are reinforced.
To do this, holes for dowels are drilled in the wall every 40-50cm. They reinforce reinforcement - reinforcing mesh. You can use pieces of wire that are braided around the screws.
The reinforcement must be located in the thickness of the future leveling layer. Therefore, it is placed no closer than 1-2 cm to the surface of the future plaster.
In wooden houses, walls are plastered over beacons with a clay base; shingles and waste lumber are used as reinforcement. The cross-section of the slats should not exceed 4-5 cm square.
The shingles are simply nailed to the wall, positioned at an angle (45 degrees to the floor) with a distance of 3-5 cm.
Before removing the corner, the reinforced leveling inserts are allowed to dry completely.
Plastering.
Leveling plaster does not differ in composition from ordinary plaster, so it is applied according to standard rules:
- Primer. To ensure that the solution has strong adhesion to the wall, the latter is covered with a layer of primer.
- Splash – applying a liquid, creamy solution to the wall and fittings. For more reliable contact of the mortar with the wall, it is attacked with a blow, a kind of “slap”.
- Soil – main layer of plaster. For very curved walls, it is better to apply the primer in several (2-3) stages, allowing each layer to dry.
How to make straight corners with minimal plastering.
If the walls are slightly deformed (1-2 cm), you may not need to level the entire surface. If it becomes necessary to make repairs that are minimal in time and cost, only straighten the corners of the rooms and the joints of the walls with the floor and ceiling.
The plaster in the room remains crooked, but due to the perfectly straight corners, this is not noticeable.
Here's how to make a straight wall corner:
- Walls. The plaster is applied to the corners and leveled here. But further along the length of the wall, the layer of mortar is reduced to nothing. In order for the insert to be invisible, it is necessary to avoid creating sharp changes. For inserting thick 1-2cm width should be approx. 15-20cm.
- Floors. Here leveling is necessary for installing the baseboard.
- Ceilings. The leveling layer is applied only to the wall; if this is done on the ceiling, the insert will be noticeable.
However, the ceiling surface must also be made flat in the area adjacent to the wall, but with a minimum thickness.
Such economical way leveling is applicable only if small inserts of 1-2 cm are necessary. For deeper deformations, the inserts will be too noticeable.
Plastering rounded corners of walls with your own hands.
It is no more difficult to plaster rounded corners than ordinary ones:
- Alignment of walls. The walls are plastered and leveled using standard technology.
- Reinforcement. An ellipse of small diameter does not require reinforcement. But when creating significant curves (with a diameter of more than 10 cm), they are reinforced with reinforcing mesh and wire. You can get by by screwing in screws (steps of at least 20 cm).
- Spray.
- Applying a template. Apply the solution and remove its excess using the rule. In the case of curves, the role of beacons is played by the surface of both walls, and the rules are a specially made template.
This curved rule is done like this: they apply an easily bendable but strong wire to the rounding and press it into the ellipse. This is how you get an accurate drawing of the future template.
The wire is applied to plywood (at least 6mm thick) or sheet steel or tin. Trace with a pencil. Excess is trimmed along this line. The template is ready!
When the corner plaster is completely dry, apply the final covering layer using fine sand (fraction no more than 1 mm). This layer is rubbed with felt to make the wall as smooth as possible.
It is worth remembering that rounded corners are rubbed only with horizontal movements.
Necessary tools and equipment.
Plastering internal corners requires a standard set of tools and Supplies. Some of them can be replaced, others cannot.
Lighthouses.
Steel profile
– the best option: metal elements are not “afraid” of water, are easily strengthened, and are perfectly smooth. But they are not suitable for economical, minimal repairs.
Wooden lighthouses – slats of small cross-section (2.5x3cm and thinner). The difficulty of using them lies in a whole set of disadvantages:
- Curvatures. It is difficult to choose reliably even slats, because the wood is constantly deformed, absorbing moisture from the air and giving it away.
- Swelling. Wood increases in size and swells. In relation to lighthouses, this drawback is most relevant, because plastering is a “wet” job.
- Dismantling Galvanized steel beacons are considered optional. Wooden slats must be removed before leveling the corners with plaster. The resulting voids and furrows are filled with solution and leveled. This requires additional effort and time.
However, plank guides are much cheaper than metal ones and are sometimes used when the budget allocated for the renovation of the premises is tight.
Lighthouses from solution– fragments of the mixture applied to the wall with a convenient step rule for working. Such landmarks have the advantage: they do not need to be removed, and they are free. But working with them is not convenient, and it is quite difficult to align. This method is acceptable for small walls and is used mostly by experienced specialists.
Checking angles with a laser plane builder.
Laser level - the most convenient and accurate control tool. To check the angle, it is enough to set it along the bisector line (approximately) and align the vertical plane of light with the vertical line being examined.
Tool.
Plastering walls using beacons will require basic tools that are difficult to replace:
- Rule. Wide (10-12cm) rigid aluminum “rail” at least 130-150cm long. Allows you to accurately assess the condition of the plaster layer, its curvature, depressions and bulges.
- Poluterok. A wooden, plastic or steel “board” with a handle. Half grater length approx. 50-70cm. Used to level the mortar on the wall.
- Grater. The same as a grater, but small in size (20cm). Convenient in hard-to-reach places, as well as for leveling, covering and grouting.
- Corner – a metal or wooden device in the shape of a right triangle. Used to control evenness, and also as a template for plastering, broaching plaster mortar. Typically used.
How larger size instrument, the more reliable the measurement result. For plastering work, a square with a leg length of 100 cm is most convenient, since it is easier to make a 90-degree angle with plaster, using the maximum area of the adjacent walls as a guide.
- Trowel, spatula. A trowel is needed to apply the mortar onto the wall. If the amount of work is small, it can be replaced with a spatula.
- Plumb line, building level. Using a plumb line, the work of studying the slope of the walls and installing beacons can be done faster (if you work together), since the rope can be stretched to the entire height of the room.
The level (spirit level) is more convenient, but it is short, which makes work difficult. However, it is difficult to do without it.
In addition, you may need equipment and tools for preparing mortar– trough, sand shovel, buckets. If the plaster inserts are not related to the arrangement of corners, but only to their alignment, the solution is prepared in a bucket, stirring with a mixer (an attachment for an electric drill) or a spatula - onto the floor of the bucket of solution.
Is it possible to plaster the corners of walls with your own hands?
For a beginner, plastering walls using beacons is a difficult task. But leveling corners is considered to be the most difficult task, requiring high professionalism.
However, with the appropriate painstaking and conscientious approach, creating even corners is possible with your own hands. The difference with the work of professionals will be only in the time spent on completing the task.
Apartment and high-quality repairs, tastefully selected modern furniture And comfortable interior- the dream of every person. But all this splendor fades in rooms with uneven walls. Very often people try to hide a small blockage and cover it with furniture or resort to other tricks. In vain, since uneven planes need to be leveled, not masked. For example, furniture only emphasizes such a drawback.
Geometry of plastering works
Plastering works necessary for leveling the surface of the walls horizontally and at an angle 90 degrees under furniture. For this purpose, the beacon method is used. All beacons installed on one of the bases should be easily installed using laser level .
Quite a lot of examples have spread on the Internet showing work without the use of beacons. It must be said that such technology should not be used, since without beacons it is absolutely impossible to maintain a single plane plastering works surfaces. The 2 or 3 meter rule will not help to level a 15 meter wall in one plane.
And if there is a doorway in the plane, then this task becomes even more impossible. will give the walls an ideal vertical level and angle 90
Many plasterers offer to fix geometry rooms, in common parlance this is called “ " This leads to an increase in layer, material consumption and cost of work , and this is the only way to hide the shoals of masons.
The geometry of the room is not fully maintained at the stage of erecting partitions.
But in every home there are places where there should be 90° angle, this is the bathroom, work zone in the kitchen where the kitchen set will be placed (so that furniture assemblers do not adjust the countertop to fit), and a couple more places in the apartment, for example, a corner in which a built-in cabinet without a back plane will stand (for the same reason as the kitchen).
At plastering walls in a bathroom (with a bathtub), the use of tiles entails the need for high-quality Alignment of walls at an angle of 90 . If this is not done, then trimming the tiles in the corners of the room will repeat all the unevenness and will not be able to hide their slope. If the bathtub is installed at full length, then there is a need to remove 90 degree angles , but most often this is not mandatory requirement.
When leveling walls at an angle of 90 in the kitchen, the quality standard is set kitchen set. It requires the presence not only vertically level ground, but also angles in 90 degrees. The surface with the door must also be plastered " under the lighthouse" It is enough to just make the remaining walls straight. Following these requirements allows you to achieve a good final result.
How to do 90 degree angles
at plastering walls
?
If you need to straighten the corners at 90 degrees
, then you should start with the wall in which the door or arched opening is located. And this is very important, since if you start with another wall, at the end of the work it may turn out that the thickness of the wall in the area of the opening on the left side and on the right is different. This will make it impossible to install the door.
How to place beacons so that all corners of the room are 90 degrees? And everything is as simple as shelling pears. Set them according to level. Plastering walls at a 90 degree angle . For what? You will then have one plane ready, from which you will set for the two adjacent planes. On one of which are adjacent to plastered plane, next to the corner, mark a vertical line.
After the beacons are placed on one plane, you can plaster it, and then proceed to others - stretch the fishing line along the base and use a square to align it at 90 degrees to an already plastered wall or use a laser level that automatically produces 90 degrees and saves your time.
Plastering kitchen walls at 90 degrees .In order to install kitchen furniture, hanging cabinets passed successfully, it is necessary that the walls are completed at an angle of 90° . Nothing emphasizes the curvature of the wall and corners more than unevenly adjacent furniture. This package improves two adjacent walls along which it will go kitchen furniture, while the remaining planes are not affected, the savings are maintained.
It is worth noting that plastering kitchen walls at 90 degrees Working with ready-made corners, although we get an almost perfect internal or external corner, it will never be sharp, rather slightly rounded. This occurs due to the geometry of the mesh plaster corner 35*35mm (galvanized ) 3 meters
Corner with metal mesh, galvanized is used for plastering works
for forming external corners
The corner profile is designed to protect external corners indoors for external slopes and cladding from mechanical damage.
The profile section is made in the shape of an acute angle (85 degrees), which ensures a tight fit to the surface of the partition corner during its installation.
When installing the profile, it penetrates into the holes plaster, previously applied to the corner of the structure.
This allows for strong adhesion of the profile to the mating surface of the corner and base.
Price
Price on walls without material is 250 rubles/m2.
Angle 90 degrees V price work included separately( price one 90 degree angle external or internal costs 300 rubles)
Orders are accepted for working surface areas from 70 m2 (in price turns on priming walls, display of beacons, smoothing the surface, removing beacons).
Cost of plastering walls
with material ranges from 500 rubles/m2, including delivery of the material to the site and varies depending on the thickness of the layer.
A homemade rope square is simple and accurate!
A square is always needed. Modern world It’s hard to imagine without a simple measuring square. Wherever something needs to be placed or strengthened perpendicular to each other, a square is required. It is necessary, for example, to set the wall at right angles to the floor. A small square cannot do this. The longer the mating parts, the larger the square must be to ensure the required orientation accuracy.
Large angles are available, but they are expensive. Square size 1050x500 mm. sell for 9800 rubles! Probably some kind of shed costs less. But, in small ways, even such a square does not solve the problem. There you already need squares with a side of several meters. What to do?
Solving the problem is easy if you know the “magic” numbers 3,4 and 5!
Our square will be foldable and can fit in your pocket.
So, the manufacturing process:
- We drive two nails into a long board at a distance L = 5 meters from each other. This distance must be done accurately. It is better to mark with a tape measure.
- We put two rings on the nails, for example from keys, and tighten the rings tightly with strong twine or rope. The rope or twine must be securely fastened to the rings.
- We drive two nails into the board at a distance of L = 4 meters and repeat the operation according to point 2.
- We repeat the same thing for L=3. All. The square is ready.
Let's check the perpendicularity of the vertical beam to the horizontal platform. We use nails to secure one of the cables, for example a three-meter one, to vertical beam at points 1 and 2. We put rings of five and four-meter cables on the same nails, bring the free ends together and tension the structure. If point 3 coincides with the horizontal platform, everything is in order. Angle 90 degrees.
Of course, you can make a square not from three separate cables, but from one, made in a triangle. Then you only need three rings, correctly positioned on the rope.
A similar option for checking the frame is shown in the photo. Here’s another option for checking the same frame, if you don’t have a square, but have a metal meter.
Measure two legs of 60 and 80 centimeters from the corner of the frame, attach a ruler to the marks. If the legs are measured accurately and the ruler meter matches the marks, then the frame is made correctly. The angle is right.
And finally, we will correctly install the fence on the plot.
Stretch one of the legs of our square along the fence and secure it with pegs. Stretch our square and drive in the third peg. You've got a right angle. You can put up a fence.
All these tricks with a rope square are based on the school formula: “the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs.”
The integers three four and five that satisfy this condition are easy to remember. These numbers can be changed multiple times.
You can, for example, make segments 1.5 2 2.5 meters long, or 0.6 0.8 1 meter and even 0.3 0.4 0.5 meters. You just need to take into account that what smaller size segments, the more accurately you need to determine their length.
Ways to align internal and external corners. Application of material and tools. Calculation of an even angle, methods for determining a 90 degree angle.
How to level a wall corner
A smooth surface is a sign of high-quality work by plasterers and putters.
You can glue it on it various wallpapers, coat with paint, veneer with panels or ceramics. If there are no workers, how to level the corner of the wall, make the surface even and smooth?
To make angles at 90 degrees, materials, tools and certain skills are required.
Why is it necessary to level the corner of the wall?
Smooth wall joints in the room – a neat appearance. If crooked walls can be hidden behind wallpaper and paintings, then the corners will make the room untidy.
Experts consider another disadvantage of curvature to be the difficulty of installing tiles, gluing wallpaper, and other finishing coatings. To align the joints of the walls you need to work hard, however, in the future this will affect appearance and neatness.
How to align the internal corners of the walls in a room with your own hands
For alignment internal joints preparatory work needs to be done.
- The cleaned surface of tiles or wallpaper is checked for the presence of voids under the plaster. It is necessary to tap the adjacent walls from the ceiling to the bottom. If the sound changes (empty), it is better to roll off the plaster. Otherwise, it may fall off on its own along with the topcoat. Another sign of emptiness is small cracks running horizontally on the floor.
- After the coating has been collapsed, all debris is removed. This is dusty work, but it will not interfere with subsequent work.
- Clean everything from dust and small pebbles with a dry brush. To reduce dust, you can spray the area with water from a sprayer.
- Next, the surface is coated with a primer, preferably 2 times.
- A plumb line is lowered from the ceiling to the floor to determine the curvature. If large deviations are detected the best option is drywall. Otherwise plaster layer will have to be applied several times, each dried layer being primed.
The internal corner can be aligned using several methods. In addition to drywall, ordinary gypsum or cement plaster, beacons, corner spatulas.
How to level previously plastered walls in an apartment
If the wall is crooked, then leveling the joint will be a waste of work. Curved plastered walls must be identified by the percentage of curvature. This can be done by a level, a plumb line, a rule. The walls are aligned in a circle.
Materials used for leveling walls:
- Drywall. For large differences, a frame frame is used metal base. If the walls have a slight curvature, then gypsum boards are glued to the surface.
- Chipboard. Plates are suitable for leveling not very curved surfaces.
- Panels. When leveling walls, use frame base.
Depending on the room, humidity and temperature changes, the desired material is selected.
How to display a 90 degree angle on walls
When independently plastering walls and leveling joints, use a plaster corner profile. It can be metal or plastic. On the sides of the corner there is a reinforced mesh. The profile is applied to the wet plaster and leveled using a level. Reinforced mesh covered with plaster mixture.
The joining surface can also be made smooth using an angle spatula. It has a perfectly even shape. Without any effort, it can be used to create a 90-degree joint between walls.
It’s difficult to get 90 degrees on your own. This is only possible with small differences, where putty is applicable.
What materials are used to level wood?
The wooden surface also needs pre-treatment followed by leveling. Align wooden surface possible using materials:
- Drywall. For installation, you must first measure the degree of curvature, then take measurements and calculate the materials. The frame base is created from wooden slats or metal profiles. For a strong frame, transverse stiffeners are made. Fixing gypsum boards in the corners is done using several technologies. The joints of the walls are smooth at 90 degrees.
- Chipboard. They are also mounted on a frame base made of wood. All elements are treated with drying oil or antiseptic agents.
- Plywood 6-9 mm. It needs to be processed. The material is mainly used for leveling surfaces in the garage, pantry, country house. A wooden frame is also created for fastening.
After, the created surface with even corners putty, prime, cover finishing material– wallpaper, paint, tiles.
As well as walls and their joints wooden house leveled with materials:
- putty – layer of applied mixture 2 mm. Before applying putty, you need to treat the walls;
- cement mortars - applied to a rough surface or pre-filled with shingles or large mesh;
- use of corners. If the walls are smooth or have slight differences, metal or plastic corners. In this case, after a second layer of putty, the angle is 90 degrees.
Cement mortar shrinks. When applying a thick layer, care should be taken to ensure that the created plane does not flow down.
How to make the outer corners of walls smooth
Crooked external corners are the result of hasty work by builders. To align them, you must first determine the degree of curvature. Another reason for leveling is frequent impacts from sharp and heavy objects.
Materials and tools will be used for leveling. A level is also required.
What you need
To work you will need a perforated corner, putty or plaster mixture gypsum based, primer, regular and corner spatulas.
The work is not difficult to carry out if you have everything you need “at hand”. Even the most curved joining surface can be created at 90 degrees without much effort or time.
How to align wall corners at 90 degrees using a corner
An outer corner is easier to align than an inner one. For this, a perforated metal corner is used.
- First, the surface is cleaned and coated with a primer.
- Afterwards the degree of curvature is determined.
- Plaster or putty gypsum mortar is applied to the corner on both sides.
- The corner is pressed into it and leveled using a level.
- Allow time for the solution to harden. All excess mass is removed. Level the sides with a spatula.
- After drying sandpaper you need to remove the excess and apply a thin layer of the solution again. At the same time, the work is done carefully so that there are no tubercles.
The final step is sanding and applying primer for a finishing touch.
A perforated corner will not only level the angle at 90 degrees, but also protect the surface from impacts.
How to set a 90 degree angle when plastering walls
If the angle has a large percentage of curvature, then a different method is used. On the wall from the joint in opposite side they put up a lighthouse. Alignment goes away from him. Thus, the adjacent wall is leveled. Smooth walls form an angle of 90 degrees. The final leveling is done with an angled spatula.
Ways to check the 90 degree angle between the walls inside and outside
There are several ways to check how straight the angle is. So:
- A square is the easiest way.
- The second method is to create a corner from a profile. Measure 30,60,90 cm from the corner along one wall. The length of one side of the profile will be equal to 90. To the other side on the adjacent wall, set aside 30,60,90,120 cm. The length of the second side of the profile corner will be equal to 120 cm. From one point where set aside 90 to another point 120 there should be a distance of 150 cm. The sides of the profile are connected with screws at 90 degrees. The edges are connected with another piece of profile equal to 150 cm. This corner is used to measure internal corner in the room in several places.
- The outer corner is measured according to the same scheme, only all marks are marked on the floor. That is. From the outer corner on the floor you need to set aside a length that is a multiple of 4. Let’s say 1.6 meters. It is laid along one wall. Next, along the other wall you need to set aside 1.2 meters. There should be a distance of 2 meters between the end points. If so, then the angle is 90 degrees. If not, then alignment should be applied.
Before you start aligning the joints of the walls, you need to find out how much deviation or curvature they have. For leveling, both drywall, plywood, and regular putty, and perforated corners. To derive an exact beautiful angle, you need to stock up on materials, tools and a little mathematical knowledge - the Pythagorean theorem.
Useful video
At finishing works and construction sometimes requires clear geometry: perpendicular walls and other structures that require right angle at 90 degrees. An ordinary square cannot check or mark corners with sides of several meters. The described method is excellent for marking or checking any angles - the length of the sides is not limited. The main tool for measurements is a tape measure.
We will look at accurately marking right angles, as well as a method for checking already marked angles on walls and other objects.
Pythagorean theorem
The theorem is based on the statement that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. This is written as a formula:
a²+b²=c²
Sides a and b are legs, between which the angle is exactly 90 degrees. Therefore, side c is the hypotenuse. By substituting two known quantities into this formula, we can calculate the third, unknown one. Therefore, we can mark right angles and also check them.
The Pythagorean theorem is also known as the “Egyptian triangle”. This is a triangle with sides 3, 4 and 5, and it does not matter in what units the lengths are. Between sides 3 and 4 is exactly ninety degrees. Let's check this statement with the above formula: a²+b²=c² = (3×3)+(4×4) = 9+16 = (5×5) = 25 - everything converges!
Now let's put the theorem into practice.
Checking right angle
Let's start with the simplest thing - checking a right angle using the Pythagorean theorem. The most common example in finishing and construction is checking perpendicularity walls Perpendicular walls are walls located at right angles of 90° to each other.
So, we take any tested internal angle. On the walls (at the same height) or on the floor, mark segments of arbitrary lengths on both walls. The length of these segments is arbitrary; if possible, you need to mark as many as possible, but so that it is convenient to measure the diagonal between the marks on the walls. For example, we marked 2.5 meters (or 250 cm) on one wall and 3 meters (or 300 cm) on the other. Now we square the length of the segment of each wall (multiply by itself) and add the resulting products. It looks like this: (2.5×2.5)+(3×3)=15.25 - this is the diagonal squared. Now we need to take the square root of this number √15.25≈3.90 - 3.9 meters should be the diagonal between our marks. If the measurement with a tape measure shows a different diagonal length, the angle being checked is rotated and has a deviation from 90°.
Right angle diagonal calculator
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Length a
Length b
Diagonal c
Extraction square root never attracted me - to the common man Can't do without a calculator to the same, not at all mobile devices calculators can extract it. Therefore, you can use a simplified method. You just need to remember: at a right angle with sides exactly 100 centimeters, the diagonal is 141.4 cm. Thus, for a right angle with sides of 2 m, the diagonal is 282.8 cm. That is, for every meter of the plane there are 141.4 cm. This method has one drawback: from the measured angle it is necessary to set off the same distances on both walls and these segments must be multiples of a meter. I won’t claim it, but in my humble experience, it’s much more convenient. Although you should not forget about the original method completely - in some cases it is very relevant.
The question immediately arises: which deviation from the calculated length of the diagonal is considered normal (error), and which is not? If the angle being tested with marked sides of 1 m is 89°, then the diagonal will decrease to 140 cm. From understanding this dependence, we can draw an objective conclusion that an error of a few millimeters in the diagonal of 141.4 cm will not give a deviation of one whole degree.
How to check the outer corner? Checking the external corner is essentially no different, you just need to extend the lines of each wall on the floor (or ground, using a cord) and measure the resulting internal angle in the usual way.
How to mark a right angle with a tape measure
The marking can be based both on the general Pythagorean theorem and on the principle " Egyptian triangle"However, this is only in theory, the lines are simply drawn on paper, but “catching” all the selected sizes with stretched cords or lines on the floor is a more difficult task.
Therefore, I propose a simplified method based on the diagonal of 141.4 cm for a triangle with sides of 100 cm. The entire marking sequence is shown in the pictures below. It is important not to forget: the diagonal of 141.4 cm must be multiplied by the number of meters in segment A-B. Sections A-B and A-B must be equal and correspond to an integer number in meters. Pictures enlarge by clicking!
How to mark an acute angle
Much less often there is a need to create acute angles, in particular 45°. To form such figures, the formulas are more complex, but this is not the most problematic. It is much more difficult to connect all the lines drawn or stretched with cords - this is not an easy task. Therefore, I suggest using a simplified method. First, a right angle of 90° is marked, and then the diagonal 141.4 is divided into the required number of equal parts. For example, to get 45°, you need to divide the diagonal in half and draw a line from point A through the division point. This way we get two 45 degree angles. If you divide the diagonal into 3 parts, you get three angles of 30 degrees. I think the algorithm is clear to you.
Actually, I told everything that I could tell, I hope I explained everything in clear language and you will no longer have questions about how to mark and check right angles. It is worth adding that any finisher or builder should be able to do this, because relying on a construction square small size- unprofessional.