Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. Recently, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.
Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:
- No smoke.
- Heating the room.
- Beautiful appearance.
To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.
Location
The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.
First you need to decide on the type of structure.
The fireplace stove can have the following design options:
- Wall-mounted.
- Angular.
- Built-in.
- Ostrovny.
Based on this, the home owner can choose a suitable location for the fireplace.
When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules fire safety, the fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.
Materials
Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:
- Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
- River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
- Crushed stone for making a foundation. The acceptable fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
- Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
- Cement (M 200 or M 300).
- Smoke damper.
- Fittings.
Brick and its varieties
Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.
This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.
The brick must have the following properties:
- Have the correct shape;
- Contain no cracks or gouges.
- Have no deformations;
The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.
Material quality requirements
When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
- The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
- The appearance of the brick - it should not contain cracks or chips.
Preparation
This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Special attention, of course, is given to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.
You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.
The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.
Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.
The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.
Pouring the foundation
To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:
- roulette;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine;
- hammer + nails;
- board;
- fittings;
- cement (grade M400).
The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.
The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a 4 cm layer of concrete, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which it is poured last layer, the height of which should be about 6 cm.
In order for the poured foundation to finished form did not contain voids, the solution was plowed a little with a free rod.
After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.
Fireplace masonry
This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.
DIY fireplace
The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base.
- For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
- The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
- In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
- To comply temperature regime in the future design, it is necessary to ensure that the outer wall of the brick fireplace does not come into contact with the firebox.
- To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
- To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a small forward tilt angle back wall. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
- To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.
Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.
The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:
- arched,
- wedge,
- vaulted.
To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.
By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.
Chimney
If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.
Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, they are used as fastening special clamps, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.
Finishing work
In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.
Decoration for corner option fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.
The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.
The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.
If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.
- For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.
- The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.
- To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.
- When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.
From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.
Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands
Want to build your own stove or fireplace?
At first glance, this task seems too difficult, especially if you have no experience brickwork. In fact, many home owners successfully build fireplace stoves with their own hands, drawings and diagrams of which we would like to bring to your attention. Using them, as well as recommendations for masonry, you can gain the necessary skills and save on paying professionals.
Do-it-yourself fireplace stove drawings and stove assembly
The first thing you should understand is the concepts of sketch, drawing and arrangement of the fireplace. A sketch is a drawing that shows the appearance of a stove or fireplace, in whole or in part, in one or more forms. From the sketch you can understand the location of the firebox, ash pan, chimney, dampers and other elements, as well as the principle of operation of the stove.
The drawing is made to scale; the dimensions of the future stove are indicated on it, usually approximately, since the exact dimensions strongly depend on the thickness of the seam. An ordering diagram is a diagram of the laying of each of the rows of a fireplace or stove, indicating the row number, location and type of brick, doors, dampers, and supporting elements. If the rows are repeated, the fragments of the diagram are combined into one, indicating all the rows of the same type.
If you decide to learn how to build fireplace stoves with your own hands, the drawings will help you identify them dimensions, from the sketch you can figure out the purpose individual elements and direction of movement flue gases, and the ordering diagram will tell you how much brick is needed and how to lay it. Those who have already built fireplace stoves with their own hands do not always use drawings - from the diagram they can determine both the dimensions of the stove and the principle of its operation. Let's try to understand this fascinating matter using the example of a simple stove-fireplace.
Fireplace stove: masonry technology
This stove is a simple but reliable source of heat for the living room or country house.
The firebox is large, like a fireplace, but is closed with a glass door - this makes the stove safe and easy to use. An ash pan is located under the firebox to remove combustion products. The smoke channel is more complex than that of a traditional fireplace; hot smoke passing through it heats the walls of the stove well, so it has a greater heat capacity compared to conventional fireplaces.
For the fireplace stove, solid ceramic bricks are used in the amount of 620 pieces and fireclay bricks - 100 pieces, fireproof masonry mortar based on clay "Mertel-28" - about 25 kg, clay-sand masonry mortar - 300 kg. In addition, doors are needed: for the firebox - a fireplace door with heat-resistant glass, size 50x48 cm, three cleaning doors 14x13 cm, as well as one ash door with dimensions 25x13 cm, and two dampers: 30x19 cm and 27.5x15.5 cm.
Refractory mortar is used for laying fireclay bricks, ceramic bricks are laid on ordinary clay-sand mortar. The solution is prepared according to the instructions on the package.
Fireplace stove arrangement diagram
The first two rows are the base, the so-called under the stove. In the third row, they begin to lay out the smoke channel and install cleanout and blower doors.
In the fourth and fifth rows they continue laying the smoke channel, and in the sixth they begin to lay out the bottom of the firebox from fireclay bricks - in the diagram it is painted in yellow. They continue to lay the firebox made of fireclay bricks on refractory mortar and the walls on clay-sand in the seventh, eighth and ninth rows. A grate is installed between the firebox and the ash pan. Layout diagram of the first rows of the fireplace stove. The tenth to twelfth rows are laid in the same order, laying out a hole for the firebox in the front part.
In the thirteenth row a fireplace door is installed, in the fourteenth row a vault is made of vertically standing bricks, leveling the vault in the fifteenth row. The sixteenth row forms the fireplace mantel on the front side, and in the seventeenth row they begin to lay out the firebox ceiling. It is completed in the eighteenth row, leaving small holes for the smoke channel.
If everything is done in accordance with the diagram, then the channel will have a tortuous shape, allowing the smoke to heat all the walls of the stove. In the nineteenth row, install a 30x19 cm damper on the smoke channel on the left. In the next seven rows, the outer walls of the stove and the chimney are laid out, and in the twenty-seventh row a metal strip is laid to support the stove ceiling. Step-by-step laying of a fireplace stove - photo Rows from 28 to 30 - the stove ceiling, are laid according to the red brick pattern. Next, lay out the chimney well from one row of bricks to the required height.
In each row, the brick is moved so that a bandage is formed: the seam of the previous row should be covered with the top brick. This provides stability to the structure. A second damper is installed in the second row of the well.
In the video below, the entire process is described in more detail, and after studying the diagram, you will be able to understand all the nuances of laying such a stove.
The video shows how to properly install a fireplace door. The remaining doors are installed in the same way.
Drawing and diagram of a corner fireplace with a round arch
The fireplace is installed in the corner of the room on a separate foundation. The firebox is located at a level of 28-30 cm above the floor level, with an ash pan under it.
The firebox arch has round shape and is made of brick. The height of the firebox is 52 cm. The smoke channel is rectangular in shape with a fireplace tooth - a beveled arch in the rear wall of the firebox, the resulting narrowing provides good draft due to the increased pressure in this area.
Above the fireplace tooth on the front side there is a cleaning door for removing soot. The mantelpiece is made of brick. There is a brick apron around the smoke channel, under which heated air circulates - for its exit there are holes covered with gratings.
The required materials and purchased items are shown in the table.
Table of necessary materials for building a fireplace stove
The fireplace layout diagram describes in detail the masonry process. Please note that before laying the first row, it is necessary to level the base; this can be done using two rows of masonry, made according to the scheme of the first row.
Drawing and diagram of a corner fireplace with a straight arch
The fireplace insert imitates a traditional Russian stove. The zero row is located below the floor level and is made in the shape of a square, redistributing the load. The firebox is made of fireclay bricks, the walls of the fireplace are made of ceramic.
The bottom of the ash pan is made of a metal sheet, which makes it easier to remove ash - the sheet is simply taken out. At the rear of the firebox there is a chimney tooth; the firebox ceiling rests on a steel corner. The laying of such a fireplace is carried out according to the diagram.
Simple wall-mounted fireplace with straight chimney
A very simple fireplace diagram. The firebox is rectangular, lined with refractory bricks. The ash pan is separated from the firebox by a grate.
A straight and fairly wide chimney allows you not to worry about draft, and a gas tooth will prevent it from tipping over and causing smoke in the room. There is a damper built into the chimney. The dimensions and layout of the fireplace are shown in the figure.
Do-it-yourself fireplace with a straight chimney
Wall fireplace with podium
The peculiarity of this fireplace is the absence of an ash pan and a straight chimney of a simple shape. At the bottom of the fireplace there is a forward semicircular podium. It serves not only for decorative purposes, but also for safety: the firebox of this fireplace is shallow, and sparking is possible; the firebox is lined with refractory bricks.
The narrowing of the firebox in the rear part forms a protrusion - a gas tooth. The mantelpiece is made of wood and rests on a log floor round section. The simple shape of this fireplace will fit perfectly into a hunting-style house.
Sample of a wall-mounted fireplace with a podium
As can be seen from the article, it is not at all difficult to install stoves and fireplaces with your own hands; drawings and diagrams will help you understand the intricacies of the stove craft. You can also learn how to properly make a foundation for a fireplace, mix masonry mortar and lay bricks from the article on laying a fireplace with your own hands.
Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. Recently, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.
Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:
- No smoke. Room heating. Beautiful appearance.
To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.
Location
The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.
First you need to decide on the type of structure.
The fireplace stove can have the following design options:
- Wall-mounted. Corner. Built-in. Island.
Based on this, the home owner can choose a suitable location for the fireplace.
When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow fire safety rules; a fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.
Materials
Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:
Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole. River sand.
Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm). Crushed stone for making the foundation. The permissible fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm. Blue Cambrian clay or ordinary red. Cement (M 200 or M 300). Smoke damper. Reinforcement.
Brick and its varieties
Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.
This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.
The brick must have the following properties:
- Have the correct shape; Do not contain cracks or potholes. Do not have deformations;
The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.
Material quality requirements
When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200. The required amount of brick must be purchased from one batch. The appearance of the brick must not contain cracks or chips.
Preparation
This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.
You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.
The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.
Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.
The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.
Pouring the foundation
To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:
- tape measure; grinder; welding machine; hammer + nails; board; fittings; cement (grade M400).
The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards.
It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.
The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a layer of concrete of 4 cm, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which the last layer is poured, the height of which should be about 6 cm.
To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.
After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.
Fireplace masonry
This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.
DIY fireplace
The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base. For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats. The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate. In order to fold the fireplace and stove correctly, it is necessary to adhere to the diagram or drawing. To maintain the temperature regime in the future structure, it is necessary to ensure that the outer wall of the brick fireplace does not come into contact with the firebox. To remove excess mortar from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth. To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary maintain a slight forward tilt angle of the rear wall. The side walls are designed to be turned outwards. To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.
Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.
The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:
- arched, wedge-shaped, vaulted.
To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.
By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.
Chimney
If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.
Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.
Finishing work
In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.
The decoration for the corner version of the fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.
The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.
The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.
If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.
- For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.
- The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.
- To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.
- When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.
From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.
Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands
A novice stove maker always wants to build some outlandish stove.
Preferably simple. And also beautiful and effective. It is a pity that there are not so many orders of such constructions.
Among them, a fireplace stove with a bread chamber stands out, operating according to a scheme popular in Scandinavian countries. The scheme is not without drawbacks, but has a high degree of universalism.
There is a massive universal heating stove, decorative fireplace, chamber for baking bread. Simple design, multifunctionality, relative compactness. A good option for a country house, capable of heating an area of approximately 25-30 square meters.
We offer a procedure that allows you to assemble the stove yourself, having only minimal stove craft skills. A simple basic skill in working with clay and brick is sufficient for the performer. The rest is simple.
Materials for constructing a fireplace stove with a bread chamber:
1 – Kiln brick - approximately 1100 pcs.
If you use fireclay bricks, you will need approximately 150 units. (The quantity of bricks is given without taking into account the costs of the foundation and chimney). 2 – Knitting wire 3 – Cleaning doors - 3 pieces 4 – Blower firebox with air control 5 – Fireplace door for firebox 500x500 mm 6 – Basalt cord - 2 sets 7 – Pipe valve in brick - 3 pieces 8 – Grate with working area one or two bricks
The order of laying the stove-fireplace
Do-it-yourself masonry is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance.
Just don't be afraid. And pay close attention to the order. Then it will be simple.
We lay out the first row based on the oven body with an area of 4x5 bricks and add an allowance for the plinth. Although you can do without it. But it’s somehow more elegant with him.
In the second row we lay out the finishing perimeter of the oven:
We form internal channels. On the third row we will install cleaning channels and a blower door. They are attached to wire and clay mortar, without a basalt cord:
In the fourth row we select the height of the doors:
In the fifth row, we close the doors and install a grate.
If the height of the room allows, it is advisable to make another row of masonry - a more massive floor will emerge. When using fireclay bricks, it’s time to start laying them. We make it only for use. We continue to build external walls and channel partitions with ceramic bricks:
Row 6 - form a tray for firewood. You can do without bevelling the hearth, as in the figure, but this way the firebox will work better. We separate the channels.
Small channels are descending. Large ones are ascending. We use an oblique dressing. You can do it without it, but it’s safer with it.
If, for reasons of simplification, you start using oblique dressing rarely, then you should always orient it towards outside, as in the figure. Without connecting to the walls of the firebox. The grate is as close as possible to the combustion door. If you sink it deeper, towards the rear wall of the firebox, smoking is possible - air turbulence will block the exit from the firebox to the smoke channels.
Row 7. The combustion door is installed. It is installed on a seal - a basalt cord impregnated with clay mortar.
Rows 8-13. Raise the firebox to the height of the fireplace door:
Rows 14-15. The place for the beam jumper is being prepared.
Many people prefer to make bevels for it right on the spot, choosing a brick with a grinder. You can also cut it in advance. The first option is more accurate. The second one is less dusty and dirty.
The door cover is made as thick as a brick.
Cannot be placed on anchors. Only a beam or arch (if the fire door has an arch). It is advisable to insert wire into the masonry joints:
Row 16. We begin to form under the bread chamber. We overlap without iron, with a simplified wedge overlap:
Row 17. We increase it for the bread chamber. We monitor the bandaging of the slot ceiling:
Row 18: Install the bread chamber door. We place it, like the furnace, on a basalt cord:
Row 19. Continue with the bread chamber. We open the passage of gases from the bread chamber into the descending channels:
Row 20. We bring the entrance to the descending channels to a height of two bricks.
Row 21-22. We block the descending channels and form heels under the vaulted ceiling of the bread chamber.
Row 23. We mount the arch of the bread chamber. We leave the fireplace channel and close it with a valve with a long handle.
Attentively! The valve will get very hot during the process! Therefore, we place it on asbestos or basalt! The vault will have to be cut at the top to level the masonry.
Or lay out another row - this is if the size of the room allows. Row 24. We bandage the arch of the bread chamber. If there is free height in the room, you can lay out another row. The minimum is shown here:
Row 25-27. Form a cap over the bread chamber.
The columns under the ceiling are placed based on the location of the chimney - its location is not strictly regulated, it can be installed at any point of the stove ceiling - you need to start from the most convenient passage of the roof. Simply put: we look at the beams. Cleaning is carried out immediately - the installation point is chosen again along the pipe - preferably as close to it as possible. Not shown in the figure:
28-30 row. Mandatory three rows of overlap.
We place two valves in the pipe, one above the other.
Such duplication is necessary to form an air gap - as in double window glazing. Heat is retained better. To revive the masonry during the process, you can use brick releases to make shelves on the body of the stove. Just don’t get carried away with their construction - elements protruding from the array interfere with convection along the body of the stove: Everything will look something like this:
When lighting for the first time, always open the valve that closes the channel from the bread chamber to the pipe.
Many stove makers call it “direct stroke”. This manipulation will allow you to warm up the pipe. Subsequently, the firebox is carried out in the usual manner. When operating in furnace mode, this valve is always closed.
If we use it as a fireplace, then it is always open. Good and cozy warmth to you at any time of the year! two-story house, and the second floor will also be heated from the same stove. Laying a stove, even the simplest one, requires attention, diligence and hard work, because it is a complex and painstaking task. But after studying the photo report, a lot will become clear to you and you will be able to build a similar stove for yourself. Professional stove makers strongly recommend to beginners!!! First try to build the stove without mortar (dry) in order to learn from your mistakes and when real masonry Don't allow them! Anything is within the power of a person, the main thing is the desire and you will succeed! And so, let's look at all the stages of construction more carefully and figure out what the author needed to create this stove-fireplace? Materials 1.
red ceramic brick2. fireclay refractory brick3. red clay4.
river sand 5. roofing felt6. metal corner7.
grate 8. valves9. oven doors10.
Ash pan 11. soot cleaners12. wire13.
sheet metalTools1. trowel2. trowel3.
spatula4. Bulgarian5. diamond blades for stone6.
corner7. plumb8. ruler9.
level 10. mallet11. hammer12.
container for solution 13. drillThe process of building a fireplace stove with your own hands. And so, the first thing you should do is decide on the location of the future stove, since this stove will heat 2 floors, it is advisable and easier to place it in the middle of the room. Basically, stoves in houses are located in the center of the hut, this is how our grandfathers and great-grandfathers built.
But the location still depends on the design of the house itself, as well as the layout of the rooms. For example, fireplaces are built mainly along the wall, or in a corner, and in this case the stove is combined and the “middle” option was chosen. The author also offers layout diagrams for the stoves. For masonry, you should immediately decide on the brick and its quality. As a rule, stoves are made of red ceramic solid brick, but it is advisable to lay the internal combustion chamber from fireclay refractory bricks, it has a yellowish color and tolerates high temperatures well. The basis of the foundation is the direct arrangement of the foundation, the best would be concrete poured into formwork, larger than the furnace.
For example, when stoves were built in villages, oak logs or stumps were used as the foundation. Now things are going well with materials, you can afford a solid and solid foundation. As expected, insulation in the form of roofing felt is laid on the base of the foundation. The lower part of the brickwork will be laid on cement mortar.
But only before the fire starts!!! As we can see in the photo, the master uses hollow red brick and generously fills it with cement mortar. Then the author begins laying the walls of the stove. Since the stove will be combined with the fireplace, the base is corresponding, divided under fireplace and firebox. Accuracy plays an important role in masonry and each row is placed level, strictly from the corner. The ash chamber door is installed, which also plays the role of a blower fresh air into the firebox. A grate is placed on top of the ash chamber. First, a cell is made from refractory brick. When laying a stove, a lot of bricks have to be chopped, so to minimize brick consumption, the master uses a grinder with a stone disc. Then the stove door of the combustion chamber is installed, secured with wire. Next, the walls of the stove are raised. From the side where the fireplace will be located, the craftsman places a corner in order to lay the brick, for a better fit, a groove was cut into the brick. Fireplace laying. The lower part of the fireplace, designed for drying and storing a small amount of firewood. Thanks to the grinder, the brick can be cut to a specific size and fit very tightly. This is what the door of the combustion chamber looks like. The upper part of the firebox is laid out with refractory bricks, on a clay mortar. The combustion chamber is ready. Next, the author proceeds to creating a chimney. The craftsman makes a metal spacer. And then lays brick on it. In order to be able to easily clean out the soot, plugs are installed.
During the operation of the furnace, there is such a problem as accumulated soot, it impedes the passage of gases and the furnace begins to smoke, so that in short terms To solve this problem, it is worth opening the plugs and clearing the passage from accumulated soot. Everything can be used further) Laying chimney wells. The chimneys are then placed up near the stove with a “snake”, near the fireplace with a “pipe” And now the stove has already grown to the ceiling. It is laid on the chimney of the stove a metal sheet, and on top there are 2 layers of brick - this is done to compensate for the pressure inside the stove. Each chimney has its own valve. After the valves, the chimney merges into one and goes to the second floor of the building. Note!!! Here the author uses a trick, namely, the brick is placed directly on the edge; the chimney inside has a serpentine shape, which allows the room on the second floor to be heated to the optimal temperature in a short period of time. The master makes a hole in the roof using a reciprocating saw, or an ordinary hacksaw. As you can see, the pipe is also laid out with bricks on its edge - this, by the way, greatly saves building material, and mainly facilitates the construction.
The pipe should also be secured with metal corners for greater reliability. It is then advisable to plaster such masonry, and ideally also cover it with tiles. At the exit, the pipe continues to be laid using the traditional method on a full brick. Attention! The pipe must be strictly higher than the roof ridge, at least 50 cm.
Otherwise, it will be blown out by the wind. This is exactly the kind of stove-fireplace the author came up with; all that remains is to plaster it and cover it with stone or tiles, to make it more aesthetically pleasing appearance. The work is certainly difficult, but doable) Don’t start laying the stove right away, study special literature! Then try to start by building a simple oven (dry) without mortar. And only after gaining some experience, you can safely get down to business! This concludes the article.
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Wood burning fireplace in the house- This is a good-quality hearth with an open firebox.
It has not only a heating function: among other things, it is a magnificent decoration that harmoniously combines soft home comfort rooms with sophisticated charm.
It is no coincidence that the popularity of such stoves is extremely high.
There is an opinion that to arrange decorative home with your own hands is so difficult that it is virtually impossible. This is debatable. To some extent, a fireplace is a lighter and simplified version of the usual stove. Their main difference lies in the method of heat transfer. So how realistic is it, and how can you install a fireplace in your home yourself? Let's try to solve the problem together.
Operating principle
With working principle wood burning fireplace It's pretty easy to figure out.
Dry wood, when burned, releases a lot of heat, which heats up the brick (stone).
He, in turn, having the ability to remain hot for a long time, shares heat gradually, over a long period of time, supplying the room with it.
The devices look different, but the irreplaceable parts, chimney and firebox, are available in any model. How to make your furnace more efficient?
A good working fireplace, with high efficiency, should be:
- not too deep and wide enough;
- To increase the efficiency factor, special heat shields are added to the design. Their role is played by massive parts that release a large amount of heat when heated:
- The masonry of a fireplace stove for a home is specially made with protrusions and irregularities, which increase the area of the heated surface, and, accordingly, heat transfer.
The depth of its laying is at least half a meter; in a two-story housing this value increases to approximately 0.8 - 1.0 meters.
A convenient and budget-friendly option is made of reinforced concrete.
A hole is dug around the perimeter of the future fireplace, the bottom is measured with a level.
Placed there broken brick or large stones that are thoroughly compacted and then poured. After leveling the resulting layer, the procedure is repeated.
The interior of the foundation is poured liquid concrete, the outer one is laid out on a dense thick solution. Several such layers are made until about 30 centimeters remain to the top. The layers must lie flat, check with a level.
Then, two layers of bricks are placed on the double clay mortar. There remains about 7 cm to the clean floor - this is the base of the future wood-burning fireplace for the home.
You can make a foundation from autonomous blocks. It is irrational to combine the foundation of the fireplace with the foundation of the house itself, since they have different drafts.
Masonry
So how to build a fireplace yourself? There are different methods for laying stoves; a fireplace stove is actually no different from them. It must be of such quality that a reliable monolithic structure is formed, which is ensured by dressings of longitudinal and transverse seams.
To do this, use partial-size bricks, and also use the alternating method different parts bricks (jamb and spoon) in the corners of the structure. The seams must have a strictly specified width: 0.5 cm for simple brick and 0.3 cm for fireproof.
Laying a fireplace in the house If this condition is not met, the strength of the masonry suffers, since with strong heating the seams are deformed much more than the brick. To ensure uniformity, a smooth, plastic mortar should be used.
- Red brick has high porosity, which is why it is able to absorb liquid. Therefore, it must be soaked before work.
- The refractory brick is immediately ready for use. To improve adhesion to the solution, it is enough to wash off the dust particles.
You cannot use both ceramic and refractory bricks for dressing seams at the same time: they have different performance characteristics, including expansion coefficient. It is not recommended to place parts of bricks chipped inside the smoke channel, so as not to interfere with the normal passage of gases.
Arches
Arch masonry Covering the opening occupies one of the most important places in the composition of the fireplace.
More on initial stage work, thinking through the design of the fireplace, you can choose the appropriate type for it.
It can be made of whole red brick, with perfectly straight lines and clear seams.
If the masonry is not very successful in appearance, it can be improved with plaster.
Metal and reinforced concrete are not suitable for covering the opening, as they expand greatly when heated, which leads to the destruction of the masonry. Very popular are beam and arched ceilings, which, in addition to functionality, are also very decorative.
Chimney
The wall of a brick smoke pipe must be at least half a brick wide. In the case where the surface is intended to be plastered, a thickness of one-quarter is acceptable. It is recommended to make chimney channels strictly vertical.
Creating a brick fireplace in your home with your own hands is not difficult if you strictly follow all the recommendations. The laying of the fireplace chimney is the same as that of the fireplace itself. Some difficulties may be caused by laying the pipe where it enters the roofing material.
Usually, to ensure fire safety in the attic, a widening of the masonry is made, called cutting. It can also be made from a pre-prepared reinforced concrete slab equipped with a hole for the pipe. It is important to follow the following rules:
Laying above roof level is the most difficult stage of the work. Here, exclusively selected bricks are used, which are laid on a cement-clay mortar. The riser is raised above the roof plane by about two layers, after which they begin to lay out the otter. The pipe laying is completed with a neck and head.
A brick pipe can easily be replaced by a round or ceramic one. It is much easier to install such a pipe than to lay it out of brick. But she has significant drawback- Cools very quickly. If there is a significant gap between kindlings, it will be quite difficult to light the fireplace.
Therefore, such a pipe must be well insulated. The joint between the round section and the brick fireplace masonry is reliably strengthened. Pipe joints must be perfectly sealed.
Finishing
Decorative stone finishing When making a fireplace for country house You can give free rein to your imagination and make your ideas and dreams come true. When it comes down to it, there is plenty of room for creative ideas to run wild.
The new stove can be finished to your taste, choosing from several existing finishes.
For cladding you can use many different materials.
Ceramic cladding is carried out from the bottom up, from the firebox opening to the required level. Spectacular marble tiles are used to decorate the firebox and fireplace portal.
Plastering
The surface of the fireplace must be prepared for the process. Masonry and cracks are cleared, on inclined surfaces and on all platforms big size a metal mesh is attached.
Special brackets are used, or it is simply nailed down. All metal elements are protected with a layer of drying oil to avoid corrosion.
First apply a small layer of plaster, no thicker than 0.5 cm. When it dries well, another layer is applied.
It uses a more densely diluted composition or. If necessary, you can apply another layer, a third, but the total thickness of the coating should not be more than one and a half centimeters.
Plasterboard cladding
To give the product a rectangular shape, the fireplace is lined with plasterboard. To do this, first install a rigid frame, which is then finished with plasterboard.
Coloring
It is carried out on a previously plastered surface. To do this, use adhesive and chalk paint compositions. If you need a snow-white surface, you can add a little blue to the paint.
Of course, laying a fireplace with your own hands is quite a responsible task, so before you begin, you need to carefully prepare. First you need to decide on the location of the fireplace stove in the house, its type and size.
Types of fireplaces
According to the installation method, fireplaces can be divided into built-in, free-standing (island), corner and double-sided. Each type of installation has its own advantages and disadvantages.
- Attached is the simplest option to implement, which is erected next to the wall, and the chimney runs along it and leads out into the street through the roof.
- Built-in - mounted directly in the wall, and the chimney also passes through it. This option is more difficult to implement, and choosing it for self-installation not worth it unless you have relevant construction skills.
- Free-standing - it does not come into contact with the walls and is good because it evenly warms the entire room. This option should be installed where there is enough free space, for example, in a private house or in a country house. The process of building a fireplace with your own hands is quite complicated, since there is no finished wall and you will have to completely build a fireplace out of brick.
- Double-sided - a fireplace with a through or two fireboxes. It can be located in the center of the room, as a free-standing one, or it can be built into the wall. This is enough complex design, which it is advisable to install with the participation of an experienced craftsman.
- Corner is the most compact version of the fireplace, which is well suited for small spaces. It differs from the option attached to the wall only in that it is adjacent to two walls at once instead of one.
Firebox type and fireplace dimensions
Once you have decided on the location of the fireplace, you need to choose the type of firebox. It can be open (without protective glass) or closed.
A fireplace with an open firebox has special construction requirements due to its high fire hazard. Closed chambers combustion is less dangerous due to protective thermal glass, more durable and have higher efficiency.
The next stage in building a fireplace is calculating its dimensions. This is an important process, since the quality of the fireplace’s operation, its safety and aesthetic appearance will subsequently depend on the correctness of the calculations.
To calculate the dimensions of the fireplace you can use ready-made diagram from the Internet or draw your own based on it.
Please note that the opening for the firebox should be no more than 1/50 of the volume of the room, and the chimney should be at least 8 times larger than the firebox. The length of the chimney depends on the height of the room.
How to build a brick fireplace: main steps
Once you have decided on the location of the fireplace, its dimensions, and also decided whether it will be closed or open, you can begin the practical stages of building a fireplace with your own hands.
- Selection and purchase of materials - traditionally, heat-resistant bricks are used for laying fireplaces in private homes (although for the most simple designs, in which the combustion will not be too intense, it is permissible to use ordinary red brick), special clay for hearths, purified sand without large fractions, Portland cement, crushed stone and reinforcement to strengthen the foundation. Smooth facing brick is used to decorate the fireplace. The firebox is closed with a smoke damper, which can be made to order according to an individual project.
- Pouring the foundation - for this, a hole is dug, which should be about 10 cm wider than the intended foundation and have at least 60 centimeters in depth. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pit, on top of which a foundation is already mounted, which consists of wooden formwork, filled with cement. The finished foundation is covered with polyethylene, and the construction of a fireplace on it can begin in about a week.
- Preparing the bricks - before starting to lay the fireplace, each brick must be soaked in water for several minutes so that it does not take moisture from the mortar.
- Laying bricks - bricks must be laid clearly one above the other, constantly checking the order diagram. The first rows need to be laid under the rail, and on the third row metal pins are mounted, on which the grille is subsequently mounted.
- Installation of the firebox, smoke collector and smoke channel - it is advisable to mount the internal walls of the firebox at an angle, then the fireplace will have a higher heat-reflecting ability. The smoke chamber is located strictly above the firebox, and the smoke channel must be perfectly vertical.
- Decorating the external part is the most important stage in the construction of a fireplace and depends entirely on your imagination. Can be used for cladding natural or fake diamond, wood panels and many other materials. The main thing is that the fireplace fits organically into the interior.
A fireplace brings coziness and comfort to any home. That is why many try to arrange this element in one of the rooms. Some people make do with electric or bio-fireplaces, but no device can replace a live fire with a real captivating crackling sound and playing flames. Some are looking for a good stove maker to build this structure, and some want to try own strength. Therefore, the question arises of how to build a fireplace with your own hands.
A beautifully constructed and finished portal and the chosen shape of the fireplace are important for the interior of the room, because it can and should become its main element, to which all the decoration of the room and furniture will be matched. Harmoniously combined materials and elements that organically unite all fireplace accessories will make the room comfortable for the residents of the house.
If you do not have sufficient experience in such work, the best option would be a fireplace that does not have complex internal structures, with a simple shape and layout. Having assessed your strengths, you can begin preparing the construction process.
The first thing you need to do is choose a place to install such brick construction. If the house already has a chimney, it is best to tie the building to this place, but you can choose another site convenient for the owner for the fireplace, but then you will also have to build a chimney pipe that goes through the roof or wall.
Having decided on the installation location, you need to make one of important steps— select a construction model. There are five types of fireplaces, and if you have experience as a stove maker and a suitable location, then any of them will do. But if you have never done such a thing, then you need to choose a simpler procedure. So, types of fireplaces:
- attached to the wall;
- built into the wall;
- standing separately;
- double-sided free-standing;
- angular.
It should also be noted that the fireplace can have a brick firebox, or you can purchase and install a cast iron firebox with or without doors.
Attached fireplace
This is the most popular model of all existing ones. She may have absolutely simple diagram order or more complex, with additional functions. This type of fireplace is erected next to the wall, and its chimney, passing through the ceiling and roof, is discharged to the street. The fireplace can have either a brick or cast iron firebox, as well as different external finishes.
In this case, a building is presented with a cast-iron, low-mounted firebox with doors made of fire-resistant glass. The fireplace is finished natural stone and thanks to its rough natural structure, it is reminiscent of fireplaces in caves.
The finish goes well with natural wood, from which the walls are made, and in this case we can say that the entire furnishings are adjusted to the design of the built fireplace. The designer achieved such harmony with the help color solutions and selection of material.
Built-in fireplace
The built-in version of the fireplace differs from the attached one in that the room contains only the portal and firebox of the structure, and the chimney is built into the wall, if its width allows, or attached to it from the street side. The ordering of such a fireplace is more complex, since the chimney must be led to the rear of the firebox. Such a fireplace can also have a built-in metal firebox or be made of silicate refractory bricks.
The portal is finished with cultivated natural stone, which gives the building elegance and solidity. Warm shades of decoration add coziness and warmth.
Standing separately
A free-standing fireplace does not touch any of the walls of the house and is installed in such a way that its rear surface can be used, for example, as a shelf. This building can be walked around, i.e. and the heat from it will flow completely, both from the firebox and the back wall, into the room. This type of fireplace is installed in rooms or halls with a large area - it will give the room exclusivity and monumentality.
The complexity of this design lies in the fact that finishing has to be done not only on the front and side parts of the building, but also on the back side. Otherwise, the arrangement of such a fireplace is not particularly complicated, but not every house has enough space for it.
In this case, the exterior design of the fireplace uses wild stone in combination with a wide stone molding. The firebox of this model is open and lined with heat-resistant bricks.
Double sided fireplace
Double-sided fireplaces can be divided into two types - these are options with two fireboxes or one through one. They can stand in the middle of the room or adjacent end side to Wall.
The first option, which has two fireboxes, can be built into the wall, and the fireboxes can extend into different rooms, and connected to one chimney.
If the fireplace has a through firebox, as shown in the photo, then it is recommended to install doors made of heat-resistant glass on both sides. When kindling, one of the doors must be closed to prevent coals from getting on flammable surfaces and objects. Pass-through fireplaces usually have cast iron inserts.
The design of both options is quite complex, and if an inexperienced craftsman takes on the work, it is better to consult with stove makers who have been practicing this art for a long time.
Corner fireplace
Compact model corner fireplace good to settle in small rooms. Occupying a modest area and having a neat shape, this option will decorate the room and complement its interior with its appearance.
The construction of a corner fireplace is similar to the construction of a structure attached to a wall, only it has a different shape and is adjacent to not one, but two walls. In such fireplaces they are often installed metal chimneys and fireboxes.
In this case, a modestly designed version is presented, organically integrated into general interior. It does not stand out with a bright finish, but is simply one of necessary accessories rooms.
Having decided on one of the models, you need to find a scheme for its ordering, purchase necessary materials and get to work. A very important part of the building is its foundation - from it correct device the reliability of the entire structure will depend.
Foundation
The foundation will require high-quality materials:
- reinforcement, with a cross-section from one to one and a half centimeters, for reinforcing concrete (or instead, rubble stone can be placed in the solution);
- crushed stone, sand and cement;
- waterproofing material according to the size of the fireplace base;
- boards or a sheet of metal for formwork (if the base of the fireplace is semicircular, then it is better to use a sheet of metal to maintain the desired shape).
Having purchased everything you need, you can begin preparatory construction work.
- A pit is being dug for the foundation. Its depth will depend on the stability and type of soil and the massiveness of the building. Sometimes Half a meter is enough, but Sometimes you have to dig a hole a meter deep. You need to know that the foundation must exceed the base of the fireplace by 10-12 centimeters in each direction..
- The bottom of the pit is compacted, and crushed stone is laid on it in a layer of 8-10 centimeters.
- Formwork is placed along the edges of the pit. The foundation should be located 6-7 centimeters below the floor surface, which means the formwork is installed at this height.
- The next thing to do is install reinforcing mesh over the entire thickness of the foundation or lay the first layer of rubble stone.
- Concrete is poured in layers, each layer must set before the next one is poured.
- Last, upper layer leveled and left until the concrete “ripens” completely.
- A sheet of waterproofing (roofing felt) is spread on top of the frozen foundation - the first row of fireplace masonry will be laid on it.
Wall insulation
If the walls are made of flammable material, fire insulation must be installed on them. It may consist of foil material or special drywall. These materials will protect the wood from overheating.
Materials for masonry
To lay a fireplace you will need materials, the quantity of which will depend on the chosen model:
- There are two types of bricks - red and white silicate. If you plan to lay out certain shapes, you need to purchase figured bricks so as not to waste time on processing them. Its quantity can be calculated based on the order.
Good help - figured bricks
- Ready-made dry heat-resistant mixture, which is sold in construction stores, or sand, clay and a little cement for traditional mortar,which For many years, stove makers have been making their own. But, it should be noted that making such a mixture correctly is not so easy, so it is better to use ready-made compositions.
- Finishing tiles for walls and floors.
In addition to those indicated building materials, you need to purchase metal parts:
- firebox, if you plan to install a ready-made option;
- cast iron grate, if the firebox is made of sand-lime brick;
- door for the ash pan, also if provided;
- metal corner for covering the firebox;
- if you decide to make a metal chimney, you also need to purchase it in advance, providing all the dimensions.
Masonry
Wall fireplace
The laying of any fireplace occurs strictly according to the scheme of the selected model, with the obligatory verification of each row with the order. In this case, the simplest version of the fireplace is presented, which even a beginner can build if he acts carefully and carefully.
The diagram clearly shows how many bricks are required and in what position they are laid in each row of the building.
- Experienced stove makers strongly recommend, especially for beginners, to lay the entire structure of the fireplace dry in order to understand how to do it correctly and in which row the brick needs to be adjusted to size.
- The diagram is presented in three projections, and from it you can immediately calculate which a grate is laid in a row, and on which- covering the combustion chamber.
- The notes show where solid bricks are laid - they are red, and split bricks are highlighted with shading.
Based on such a clear guide, you can slowly build the fireplace.
Corner fireplace
Corner fireplace - somewhat more complicated
Corner is a more difficult option, but with some effort you can do it if you have detailed recommendation, for example, such as is presented in this case.
- The diagram shows from which row and in what position it is laid sand-lime brick(here it is colored yellow). This type of brick is used to decorate the fireplace insert. It is also clearly visible on which row the metal sheet needs to be laid, the grille and smoke damper installed.
- In this model, you will have to work on individual bricks - they will have to be ground, hemmed and hewed so that the shape of the fireplace is consistent, according to the diagram.
- It is also worth mentioning the seams between bricks. They should not be too thick, otherwise they may crack when dry. Therefore, when laying bricks on the mortar, they are tapped with a special rubber mallet, leaving a distance of no more than five millimeters between them.
Mantel
If facing work is planned after masonry, it is necessary to wait until the structure has completely dried, and only then begin to transform it.
Final work - finishing the erected fireplace
- The first thing they do when starting this process is to apply a special plaster to the masonry, perfectly leveling the walls. When they dry, mark them and only then begin cladding.
- Surface finishing starts from the corners. If possible, it is better to purchase special corner tiles for these areas, which will make the work easier and faster. In addition to marking on the planes of the fireplace walls, for the evenness of the rows and maintaining the thickness of the seams between brick-shaped tiles, special calibration devices are used in the form of crosses or tubes of the required thickness.
- A special adhesive is used to lay the tiles. It is applied in such a way that after pressing the tile it does not protrude on the sides.
- When the glue dries, the seams are sealed with a special mixture intended for this (heat-resistant fugue). This must be done very carefully, trying not to get the solution on the surface of the tile. If this happens, it should be wiped off immediately with a soft cloth.
For greater clarity, a video about building a fireplace with your own hands
This is not to say that folding a fireplace is quite simple, and a beginner will not encounter difficulties during the work. But with a strong desire and a detailed ordering scheme, this can be done. Cladding of the structure – already more creative work, after which the building will be transformed and acquire its own “face”. This is what makes it interesting - after finishing laying the tiles, you can admire your work of art.