Solve the problem of hot water in an apartment or private house; in the country you can heat water using electric water heaters. There are several types, and in order to decide which water heater is best for your situation, you need to know their advantages, disadvantages and operating features of each type of water heating equipment.
What types of household water heaters are there and how do they differ?
- flow type - heat the water passing through the device;
- storage type - the water in the heater tank is heated;
- flow-storage - have two operating modes;
- liquid
It’s difficult to say which water heater is better. If we talk about appearance, the main external difference is the size. Cumulative models are large, flow-through models are small. But size is not all that is needed to understand what is best for you. You need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each type of equipment.
Cumulative models
A storage water heater (also known as a boiler) has a capacity of considerable size - from 30 to 200 liters. Inside there is a heating element- Heating element. It may be one or several. The heating elements can be switched on in parallel (they always work simultaneously) or in cascades (they are switched on as needed). When switched on in cascade, there are several heating modes for more efficient energy consumption.
Many more models contain a thermometer to conveniently control the water temperature and a thermostat to maintain the set temperature. The desired temperature is set by turning the thermostat control knob to a certain position.
A storage water heater constantly contains a certain volume of water. It is heated using electric heaters. There are two types:
- heating element ( T ribbed E lectro N heater). Inexpensive classic solution. They are quickly and easily changed, and any specialty store has a wide selection in stock. Disadvantage - it takes a long time to heat the water.
- Spiral heating element. More powerful heaters that quickly heat large volumes of water allow you to accurately maintain the required temperature. But they are more expensive (affects the price of the water heater), and their replacement is also more difficult.
Principle of operation
Regardless of the type of heater installed, the principle of operation of a storage water heater is the same. When the set temperature is reached, the thermostat turns off the power supply and heating stops. Further, the temperature is maintained automatically. When the water cools by 1 degree or cold is added to the tank during consumption, the heating is turned on. As soon as the set temperature is reached (or rather, a degree higher than the set one), heating stops. That's how they work storage water heaters with automation. They are convenient because they do not overheat (if the automation is working properly) and you always have hot water available, which is heated the way you wanted. Such equipment usually has two operating modes - with temperature maintenance or without - in manual mode.
To keep the water temperature as long as possible, insulation is used. It is placed between the walls of the tank and the body. With good thermal insulation, even with hot water, the body remains cold, maybe a little warm. It is clear that if the temperature lasts a long time, the costs of maintaining it are small. Even if you turn off the keep warm function, the water will be hot even after 24 hours.
There are very simple electric water heaters that do not have a thermostat. They are turned on/off by a toggle switch - manually. As you understand, in this case there is a possibility that the water heater will boil and fail (if you forget to turn it off).
There is one more nuance - stepwise activation of heating elements. There are usually two or more of them installed in a housing, and several heating modes are also available. One is more powerful, in which all heaters are turned on, the rest are softer - one or two heating elements can work, depending on their total number. What is this for? In summer you can use heating in a gentle mode - the water will heat up quickly, in winter they usually use all heaters - wait less. In general, you can regulate the heating rate of the boiler in this way. They let it all down hot water and you need the next batch quickly - turn it on at full power, there is no such need - you can avoid overloading the networks by turning it on at half power.
What materials are tanks made of and features of their maintenance?
Storage water heater tanks are made of stainless and ordinary steel. Regular steel is covered with protective layers of enamel; stainless steel does not need them. From this point of view, it is easy to say which water heater is better - with a stainless steel tank. But it is also more expensive. But the service life of such equipment is much longer - the enamel, even the highest quality, flakes off over time.
To extend the service life of the enameled coating, magnesium anodes are installed in storage steel water heaters. They require periodic replacement - they “melt” during operation, and their condition is monitored by a special sensor with an indicator displayed on the front panel. The status of the indicator monitors the need to replace the anode.
How to choose and which one is better
In most cases, storage water heaters are installed in private houses or in apartments of multi-storey buildings where there is no centralized supply of hot water. Equipment is selected according to tank volume. If you don’t like restrictions, you can calculate it at the rate of 50 liters of hot water per family member. This should be enough. In the tank it heats up to, say, 70°. It is unrealistic to use this, you will dilute it. As a result, there will be 100-150 liters of warm water per person (depending on the temperature of the water in the water supply). This does not take into account the fact that during consumption the water is also heated.
Everything is clear about the material of the tanks: there is a possibility, it is better to take a storage electric water heater with a tank made of of stainless steel. The number of operating modes is not so critical, but it is also a good option, although such models are more complex circuit, are more expensive.
| Name | Tank capacity | Power | Dimensions (W*D*H) | Heating time | Tank | Min/max pressure | Control | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrolux EWH 50 Centurio DL | 50 l | 433*255*860 mm | 70 min | stainless steel | 0.7-6 Bar | electronic | 190$ | |
| Ariston ABS VLS Evo PW 100 | 100 l | 2.5 kW | 506*275*1250 mm | 91 min | stainless steel | 0.2-6 Bar | electronic | 185$ |
| Atlantic Vertigo 30 | 30 l | 1 kW | 490*290*601 mm | 46 min | enamel | 0.5-6 Bar | mechanical | 240$ |
| Thermex Flat Plus IF 80 V | 80 l | 1.3 kW | 493*270*1025 mm | 80 min | stainless steel | electronic | 300$ | |
| Zanussi Smalto ZWH/S 50 | 50 l | 2 kW | 470*250*860 mm | 95 min | enamel | 0.75-6 Bar | mechanical | 180$ |
| Gorenje OTG50SLB6 | 50 l | 2 kW | 420*445*690 mm | 115 min | enamel | 0.75-6 Bar | electronic | 155$ |
About which company is better to choose. No one can objectively tell you which water heater is better - people have different needs and requests. But we can draw some conclusions from operating experience. People speak well of storage heaters from the following companies:
- Termex. If we talk about prices for water heaters with a stainless steel tank, then this company has no competitors in terms of price. It’s hard to say about the quality, reviews vary.
- Real. Not bad storage boilers, the main thing is that there are consumables in your city.
- OSO. Very good, but expensive.
- Electrolux (AEG). Well-known company with stable quality.
Instantaneous water heaters
The instantaneous water heater has more modest dimensions. This is a small box that is attached to the wall. Inside there is also a tank with a heating element, but their dimensions are very miniature, and heating elements usually have the form of a spiral - in order to better heat the passing water.
One of necessary elements flow sensor. It monitors the appearance of water movement in the device (the tap is opened) and sends a command to turn on the heating element. When the tap closes, the flow sensor turns off the power supply.
There is also a thermostat that sets the water temperature. It may be a rotary type with a scale; there are models with an electronic display with push-button or touch controls.
Pressure and non-pressure instantaneous water heaters, their connection
There are two options for instantaneous water heaters - system and individual. System ones cut into cold and hot water risers, also called pressure ones. Several points can be provided at once - for example, a shower, sink and washbasin. There are system instantaneous water heaters at 220 V with a relatively low power consumption (about 8-9 kW), but they can heat a small amount of water. There are very powerful units - up to 32 kW, but they are three-phase - 380 V.
There are two broad classes of pressure flowers.
Individual instantaneous water heaters - non-pressure - are connected to cold water. At the outlet they have a flexible hose with a nozzle or, as an option, a faucet for washing. These devices are good for periods when the hot water supply is turned off or as a solution to the problem of hot water in the country.
Please note that the shut-off valve is only for supply and you can only turn off hot water using it. Connection shut-off valves at the outlet will sooner or later lead to a rupture of the tank in which the water is heated. This happens when the automatic water shutoff does not work. But it is not intended to track water consumption, but only monitors its appearance/disappearance at the inlet. So sooner or later a failure occurs.
When connecting pressure and non-pressure options, grounding is required. In general, it is advisable to run the power supply to such connections using a separate line - high power consumption, the combination of water and electricity is an unsafe combination. Conventional wiring may not hold up. Therefore, a separate line is needed from the one on which the machine and the RCD are installed.
Control type
There are two types of control for instantaneous water heaters:
- Hydraulic. When there is a flow sensor at the input (the first photo in the section), the signal from which turns the heating element on/off. The disadvantage of such a system is that it always turns on at the same power. Some models have several power modes, but they must be changed forcibly each time (by pressing buttons).
- Electronic. The operation is controlled by a microprocessor that monitors the state of the device using several sensors. These systems allow you to maintain the required temperature.
Tankless water heaters with hydraulic controls can only add a certain number of degrees to the water temperature. Exactly what depends on the power of the heating element, but on average it is about 20-25°C. This means that in summer you will get quite warm water at the output - about +40°C, and in winter it will be only slightly warmer than +20°C, since the incoming water is very cold and you need to heat the device to more high temperatures I just can't.
More powerful models - system ones, with the Sistem prefix - have electronic control and can cope with the task of maintaining the set temperature. Their disadvantage is that they require more power and high price. But if you have such an opportunity, the automation will maintain a constant temperature (set by you) at any time of the year. The installation rarely operates at full power, but it is still necessary to pull the power supply line along maximum power and use it to calculate the machine and the RCD.
What are flow heaters made of?
The internal filling can be:
- Made of copper. These models have very good characteristics - they quickly heat the water. Copper has high thermal conductivity and quickly transfers heat.
- Made from stainless steel. Not a bad option, durable (if the water is not hard).
- Made of plastic. The cheapest and not the most durable. Even though special plastic is used, it is better not to buy such flow tubes.
The choice of instantaneous water heater based on this criterion is obvious. If possible, buy one with a copper “filling,” but stainless steel ones also work well.
Pulling food copper wire cross-section of at least 3.5 mm (with power consumption up to 7 kW) and 4 mm - up to 12 kW. The machine is selected based on the current consumed; the RCD is taken one step higher with a leakage current of 10 mA. With this connection method and properly functioning grounding there will be no problems.
Features of choice
When choosing an instantaneous water heater, you need to focus on several indicators:
All these parameters should be in the description. Having selected several models, you can then, based on reviews, or based on technical characteristics, decide which water heater is better. If we talk about companies, then German and Italian devices are better in quality. With Chinese ones, it depends on your luck, although many companies have moved production to China. And now most household appliances have dual “citizenship” - usually written - the homeland of the brand and the place of production. Most of this equipment works reliably, as companies value their name and introduce strict control over product quality.
| Name | Power | Dimensions | Performance | Amount of points | Control type | Operating pressure | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermex System 800 | 8 kW | 270*95*170 mm | 6 l/min | 1-3 | hydraulic | 0.5-6 Bar | 73$ |
| Electrolux Smartfix 2.0 TS (6.5 kW) | 6.5 kW | 270*135*100 mm | 3.7 l/min | 1 | hydraulic | 0.7-6 Bar | 45$ |
| AEG RMC 75 | 7.5 kW | 200*106*360 mm | 1-3 | electronic | 0.5-10 BAR | 230$ | |
| Stiebel Eltron DHM 3 | 3 kW | 190*82*143 mm | 3.7 l/min | 1-3 | hydraulic | 6 Bar | 290$ |
| Evan B1 - 9.45 | 9.45 kW | 260*190*705 mm | 3.83 l/min | 1 | mechanical | 0.49-5.88 Bar | 240$ |
| Electrolux NPX 8 Flow Active | 8.8 kW | 226*88*370 mm | 4.2 l/min | 1-3 | electronic | 0.7-6 Bar | 220$ |
Specific models
There are instantaneous water heaters of non-standard format. The most common is a faucet with an instantaneous water heater. This interesting option for a dacha, for example, but it’s difficult to say how things stand with maintainability - there are not very many users of such devices yet and the operating experience is very small.
Which water heater is better: instantaneous or storage?
Deciding which water heater to buy - a boiler (storage) or a flow tank - is, in principle, not difficult. First of all, the limiting factor is the power consumption: for storage water heaters the maximum is 3-4 kW, for instantaneous water heaters it is pointless to take less than 7-8 kW - they can only heat a very small volume of water. Not everyone has the opportunity to install such powerful equipment.
Secondly, you need to look at whether you will use the electric water heater constantly or only periodically. For periodic use, especially in summer, instantaneous water heaters are convenient, so open type(individual, which are installed next to the sink). For example, this is a great way to heat water up to comfortable temperature, if the sun did not cope with this task. This is also a way to solve problems in apartments when the hot water supply is turned off for repairs.
For constant and regular use, storage water heaters are more economical and convenient. Modern models They “keep” the temperature for more than a day, so the electricity consumption here will be less rather than more.
Flow-through storage water heaters
This is a combination of the two devices described earlier. They work in two modes. If the water consumption is small, water is supplied from storage tank, if it increases, flow heating is also activated. The equipment is very convenient, but expensive. There aren't many options. This is Stiebel Eltron SHD for 30 liters and 100 liters. Price - $1500-1750.
Bulk water heaters
An excellent solution for a summer cottage or when you are away from home tap water. A tank water heater is a container with a lid in which a heating element is mounted. The container can be made of stainless steel, plastic, ordinary steel coated with enamel. The temperature is regulated by a thermostat. A shower hose is attached to the body.
There are two types of such devices - gravity and with pressure created by a small built-in pump (Alvin EVBO). Gravity-flow tankless water heaters must be hung above your head. You can take a shower, but the water flow will be weak. Models with a pump have more pressure, but the tank capacity must be decent and such a model cannot be called a camping one.
The functions here could be:
Bulk water heaters are a primordial Russian invention and the manufacturers are all Russian. There are similar electric water heaters of the following brands:
- Success;
- Alvin Evbo;
- Aquarius;
- Elbet;
- Mr. Heath Summer Resident;
- Fairy tale.
The devices operate on a 220 V network, the power is about 1-2 kW, the price is from $20 to $100, depending on the functionality and material of the tank. Which water heater is best in this category? Stainless steel with pressure, but these are just the most expensive models.
Today is New Year's Eve, so let's just rejoice. And, since it’s winter now, it would be nice to warm up a little. Therefore, today's article is unconventional water heating in winter and other lack of electricity. , so to speak.
Unconventional water heating is necessary when hot water is needed, but there are no water tanks or conventional energy sources - or you want something original. Usually you don’t want something original, so a little handicraft and humor, we hope, will be on topic.
Let's start with the theory. So, everyone knows that fire can be produced using friction. This is due to the fact that friction accelerates the movement of water molecules more and more. Therefore, if water molecules are forced to move faster in one way or another, its temperature will increase. Therefore, the first unconventional recipe for heating water:
- Let's say you're cold.
- Take a half-liter jar of water.
- Wrap with foam rubber (thermal insulation is an important point here).
- Make a small hole in the lid
- Place a whisk (hand or mixer) there.
- Insulate the lid.
- Wrap the structure in foil (you can use foil tape).
- If you have a mixer, then start whisking the water.
- If you have a hand whisk, then start whisking the water.
- After some time, the water will heat up.
- Yes, and you will warm up.
Like this one original version. We guarantee that it will be so :)
- Go to the pharmacy.
- Buy 20 jars of 90% alcohol (per liter of water).
- Wrap a two-liter jar with foam rubber and foil (insulation).
- Pour water into the jar.
- Pour alcohol into the jar.
According to the laws of chemistry, the water will heat up. If the water temperature is not sufficient, add 200 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture. The heating will become more intense.
Both options are designed for a small volume of water. What to do if you need to heat more water? For example, here's what:
That is, candles, coasters, containers. Heating will go faster, and candle consumption will decrease if you insulate the pan (at least wrap it with foil tape).
But what to do if there are no candles, but you need even more hot water? Here's how many, many people deal with this in an elementary way:
The only thing is that it is necessary to organize good mixing of the water, otherwise the temperature will be uneven.
But an improved one, more hot option with organized stirring:
Second option:
Third option:
Please note: having girls without clothes raises the temperature much faster than any other option :)
Happy New Year with unconventional water heating!
Most aquarium fish are tropical inhabitants. Water room temperature not suitable for them. The aquarium must be heated. This can be done in several ways.
Question: “Opened a pet store. Business is not going well. What to do? » - 2 answers
You will need
- - aquarium;
- - water thermometer;
- - thermostat;
- - incandescent lamps;
- - reflector;
- - aquarium heater.
Instructions
1. The oldest means of heating water is a reflector. You can make it yourself in the form of a tin half-cylinder. Attach the cartridge to the end electric lamp incandescent The lamp must be inside the reflector. Hang the device from the end of the aquarium so that the top edge of the reflector is below the water level. This is necessary so that the glass heats up evenly and does not burst. This method Suitable for both heating and lighting small rectangular aquariums with a capacity of no more than 30 liters.
2. Immerse the incandescent lamp directly into water aquarium At the same time, secure the cartridge on the lid in a special hole so that only the cylinder is in the water. Water must not touch the cartridge. The efficiency of such a system is significantly higher than that of a reflector. The power of this heating device is equal to the power of the lamp. But with this method, the flask becomes overgrown with algae.
3. The most advanced method is heating using a special heater. You can buy it at a pet store. This heater is a long test tube in which an electric coil is placed. The test tube is filled with fine dry quartz sand. The hermetically sealed terminals of the spiral are located in its upper part. Such a heater is connected to the network using a cord.
4. Heaters can be different in height and power. Choose one so that when immersed in the aquarium top part with the wire leads was at least 2 cm above the water level. In this case, the lower end should not rest against the bottom. To maintain the required temperature, you can adhere to the ratio of 10 l - 10 W.
5. Secure the heater in aquarium using rubber suction cups and plastic rings. If you cannot find them, you can use metal wire as a fastener. This mount must be above the water level.
6. Use a thermostat at the same time as the heater. They are also sold in pet stores. Monitor the temperature of the water in the aquarium using a thermometer immersed in it.
7. To heat the aquarium evenly, ensure water circulation - install some kind of filter. You can arrange aeration using a compressor.
note
The main disadvantage of heating using a reflector is that the device has to be turned off at night, and the water temperature drops to room temperature. The second disadvantage can be considered the increased overgrowth of lower algae on the glass located on the side of the reflector. In addition, this device has a rather low efficiency.
There are salt heaters. As a rule, they are homemade. You shouldn't use them. Salt in the water can be harmful to some fish and plants.
TELL ME, I urgently need to heat the water in the aquarium, is it possible to heat it on the stove in a saucepan and pour it into the aquarium?
NEO MORPHIUS
If you heat it strictly to desired temperature- Please. But even if you put the fish in a jar, they will suffer thermal shock from the sudden change in water temperature.
Pour in from the side, little by little, gradually stirring from bottom to top.
Natalya A.
You can heat it up to 70 degrees and cool it down to the desired temperature, only from such procedures the fish runs the risk of getting a temperature shock, is it necessary? And then the water temperature will then drop, if the room is cool, will you continue to torment the fish with temperature fluctuations? Buy a heating pad with a thermostat at any pet store and don’t reinvent the wheel.
Should the water heater for an aquarium be placed completely in the water or should the top stick out above the water?
Andrey
Everything is fine. So it works. The light comes on when it's heating up, and goes off when it's heated up. Place it next to the sink so that heated water circulates in the aquarium. Immerse it completely, so that the adjustment knob sticks out of the water, if it has one.
It is better to have a thermometer in addition - it generally determines the need to heat the water and the required temperature for your pets.
When cleaning. Disconnect from the network,
let cool in the aquarium.
Wash gently with warm water and a soft sponge.
From personal experience don’t put it on the washbasin (you’ll break it). It’s better to put it on a rug. Good luck girl. ! and so as not to write twice, I inform you the following
apple charlotte recipe - beat 4 eggs with a mixer + add a glass of sugar (200 g) + beat + glass of flour (200 g) + beat. we get something similar to sour cream, cut the apples into pieces from 2 to 4 depending on the size,
pour the first step into the mold - put in the apples - fill in with the rest. Bake at temp. 200 deg. 30-40 minutes (check with a stick or appearance. We serve the little ones with milk and watch the clock as it’s all eaten)) Good luck
Everything is fine! As a rule, such devices are equipped with an internal thermomiter and a temperature regulator (a knob with numbers on the top of the device). The light is on and in the aquarium it will not indicate the target temperature and then goes out. As for the degree of loading into the water, there is a line below which the water level should not fall, but more is possible, so feel free to put it entirely into the water
How to heat healthy water in an economical way?
If you are talking about heating, then this is usually associated with heating a house or apartment in the winter season, radiators, central heating, gas, gas, other heat sources. Rarely do we think about heating in the context of getting a source that can heat our water in an energy-efficient way. We usually carry out water heating in the energy balance when calculating heating costs in the autumn-winter-spring season. If you don't know anything about how to use energy efficiently for... effective use healthy water, this article is intended just for you!
Statistics show that a household uses about 70% of energy for space heating and only about 15% for heating domestic water. If someone has an energy efficient, smart home, then the percentage of energy used for that drops dramatically. Why is this happening? Because in modern building, sufficiently insulated and sealed, there are various innovative solutions for economical heating of useful water. The first step is to diagnose your needs as they impact real impact for subsequent operation of the heating device and possible savings. First, the user's requirements must be taken into account, and the hot water demand must be converted and the heating device must be adjusted correctly to avoid problems in the future.
Wide range of possibilities
Manufacturers currently offer a very wide range of heating devices municipal water in an energy saving way.
What offer can you come across?
- Electric heaters
- Gas heaters
- Heat pumps
- collectors
There are many possibilities, but you must make a choice taking into account the needs of the family, existing technical and technological solutions, which can be implemented into your home, the ability to use specific energy sources and wealth for your wallet.
Gas heating
Their advantage is that they are relatively cheap to operate. However, it is necessary to systematically check the equipment and also check chimneys. Gas heater operates efficiently and effectively if it has the ability to release flue gases. Manufacturers offer devices with closed camera combustion, so the risk of smoke poisoning is practically zero. However, it should be remembered that each room in which the gas is located heating device, must have sufficient ventilation and air supply.
Electric water heaters
The advantage of electric heaters is that they do not need to be connected to ventilation ducts. In devices of this type, the most important role plays an electric heater, the operation of which can be controlled. Another advantage of this solution is the ability to control the heater power using the remote control remote control or even mobile phone! It is worth knowing that electronic control of the heater provides an additional 20% savings in water and energy required to heat it! There are such electronic systems controls that you can apply an upper temperature limit lock, so that, for example, small children unscrewing the tap are not burned! Electric heaters connected to a power source and instantly heats the water, resulting in minimal losses cold water, as hot water immediately flows out of the tap.
Hydraulic water heaters
The hydraulically driven heater makes the water temperature dependent on the size of the outlet flow. If the water flow rate is higher, the water temperature will be lower. Some types of heaters have the ability to switch power sizes depending on the flow of water being poured. They usually have two water heating modes: “economical” and “comfortable”.
These heaters are considered modern because they can produce hot water quickly and at the same time they are very convenient, the quality of the devices is excellent (performance and durability). Modern technologies, used in the construction of electronically controlled water heaters, allow energy and water consumption savings of up to 30% compared to hydraulic ones heating devices! Some devices are designed so that you can connect several water intake points to them, which reduces the investment costs associated with organizing hot water heating. As an advantage of this solution, the power of heated useful water is smoothly adjusted to the current needs of users and maintains priority constant temperature to achieve maximum power. The device may indicate a risk of burns. Electronically controlled heaters allow us to fully control the operation of the heater, and the water temperature we want to achieve is achieved with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees Celsius. The power of such heaters ranges from 15 to 30 kW.
Energy-saving DHW heating via a tank or instantaneous heater?
As you decide which source your water heater will use to heat your domestic hot water as efficiently as possible, it's worth considering whether you should choose a tank preheater or a tankless preheater. Often limited space determines our choice - a heater without a tray. However, if a tray heater surface is found, the container size must be adjusted to suit the family's requirements. Sometimes the fact that the water points are located far from each other, or there are several of them, and that there is more than one bathroom in the house, determines the purchase of a heater with a suitable container. Flow meters usually have small sizes and don't take up too much space. Disadvantages - If we have a large water installation in our home, the waiting time for hot water can be long. Top - if the installation in our house is not too extensive - these devices are very economical and work well in small houses or apartments.
Solar collectors for economical hot water heating
For lower utility water heating bills, it's worth taking the appropriate steps. Increasingly, investors are turning to solar collectors to minimize water heating costs. The cost of purchasing and installing solar collectors is decreasing every year. You might want to consider collecting them to get the biggest savings associated with tap water in our house? Strict regulations due to come into effect in 2020 regarding the energy efficiency of buildings are certainly forcing owners to take appropriate steps to become interested in green sources of renewable energy. In order for collectors to operate most efficiently and effectively, they must be correctly selected in terms of power .When calculating the power of collectors, one must take into account the aperture surface, the optical efficiency “n” and the loss coefficient of the so-called “A1” and “a2”, which is expressed by the formula W / (m2xK2). Only from these data will the expert make calculations of thermal power, which can be obtained from 1 m2 of collector. From these data the number of collectors required for the most economical work of collectors depends. Device manufacturers recommend doing initial/exponential calculations using the calculators on their websites. On construction and investment forums it is said that the use solar system for hot water heating can be up to 60%. For the system to work effectively, the collectors must be located in a well-lit area.
Thermostatic taps for heating domestic water
Batteries with a temperature limiter have more common name– thermostatic taps. They help in saving water. In the sink, a contactless battery is installed with a photocell that automatically opens and closes the water flow in response to the approach of a hand.
Heat pump as a source of heating useful water
Heat pumps are considered the most energy efficient heating devices used to heat your home and water. They are increasingly popular among investors due to their low operating costs. With 1 kW of energy sent to the heat pump, you can get up to 4 kW of additional energy. Their work is pure physics and chemistry: in a specially designed thermodynamic cycle, four processes still occur: evaporation, compression, condensation and decompression. This results in huge savings in energy used for heating the building and public water.
Other Cheap Heating Methods
There are also other ways to get some savings when heating useful water.
For example:
- heating water to a temperature no higher than 55 degrees Celsius, since the lower the temperature, the lower the heat loss,
- when using a water heater for storage - it is controlled so that it does not start when it is not necessary - at night or during the day when household there is no need for this.
Although water heating is now much cheaper, it is still worth investing in or upgrading a water heating system to further minimize the costs associated with heating it. Of course, more and more stringent rules for the introduction of energy-saving technologies into our homes will force us, the user, to make appropriate decisions on the heat of this house, water utility, where to get used to the current household appliances. Energy from renewable sources and used in construction is now a priority for many countries. We must remember this because global energy demand is expected to increase. Europe's leaders have adopted a special document, Europe 2020, which is a strategy for integrated and sustainable development in relation to the fact that 20% of final energy consumption should come from renewable energy sources in 2020!
Unfortunately, we don’t always find ourselves fully armed in nature. In some cases, you may not have basic equipment with you. It is not recommended to drink water from streams without disinfecting it.
There can be many reasons why you could find yourself without a bowler hat. But don’t despair, with some ingenuity you can do without it useful device. The main thing is that there is fire. Below we will look at the most common methods of heating water in field conditions.
How to boil water over a fire using a plastic bottle
Do not throw away this utensil immediately after use. She can serve you at least once. No matter how strange it may seem, it is quite possible to boil water over a fire without a kettle in the field using an ordinary mineral water bottle. In the same way, you can get it on a hike.
To do this, you will need to pour it entirely. Please note that the bottle must be filled entirely, up to the edge of the neck. Next, it is carefully placed on the coals. The fire should not have an open flame at this point. It is advisable to place the bottle in the middle of the coals. This will speed up the heating. Monitor the process; once the water is hot enough, quickly remove it from the heat. Oddly enough, the bottle practically does not melt. This allows it to be used several times in this way.
You don’t have to wait for coals to form in the fire; you can heat the water in plastic bottle You can do it over an open fire. You just have to tinker a little with preparing the process. In this case, one third of the water is poured into the bottle. They tie her by the neck to the end of a stick. The other end of this stick is stuck into the ground. You need to make sure that the fire almost reaches the bottle. As soon as the water boils, remove the bottle from the fire.
Both of these methods are based on the difference in the melting temperature of plastic and the boiling point of water:
Water boils at 100°C;
Plastic melts at 200°C.
This way the water cools the bottle, preventing it from melting. This method is good if you find yourself without a pot by accident. For example, they lost it. But you had some liquid with you.
Boiling water with stones
It is likely that this is the oldest and easiest way to get hot water without a boiler. To do this you will need several stones and any container. You can use anything to heat water. First, let's look at the options for preparing the container.
To heat water in this way, you can use anything, even a thick plastic bag. You can also make some kind of analogue of a cauldron. A small hole is dug in the ground. It should be lined from the inside with waterproof material. A polyethylene raincoat, a piece of tarpaulin, and so on will do. Water is poured into the resulting container.
Then they select suitable stones. Various round stones like river pebbles are ideal. The size is selected depending on the volume of the resulting “dishes”. The stones should be washed and heated over a fire. Using two sticks they are placed in water. This is done one by one. One stone heats the water, the other is in the fire.
Usually a couple of stones are enough to bring a small volume of liquid to a boil. This way you can even cook dinner. If polyethylene was used for the base of a homemade cauldron, then do not allow the hot stone to come into contact with it.
Wooden dishes
When most people mention wooden utensils, they think of spoons. Well, as a last resort, dugout bowls. It is hardly possible to do this in the field. But anyone can easily organize a birch bark pot. At the right approach It is quite possible to boil water in it and even.
To make it you will need birch bark. Young is best, but this is not important. And four short sticks. Birch bark is cut in the shape of a rectangle or square. Next, the corners are bent and secured using slightly split sticks. The result is a rectangular vessel.
It is not recommended to place such a pot on an open fire. This may damage it. Therefore, wait until coals form in the fire and only then place the dishes there. You can also dig a hole next to the burning fire and pour coals into it. A pot is placed on top.