What is the best way to do electrical wiring in a log house? Electrical wiring in a wooden house. Installation rules. Electrical wiring: how not to install it

A house built of wood is good. A lot of people prefer wood as a material for walls and this is not surprising. Let's compare wood with another popular building material - brick. A house made of wood is built much faster, wood is cheaper than brick, the heat transfer of wood is much lower, which means insulating the house will cost less. Not to mention the environmental friendliness and beauty of wood. Of course, wood is not a panacea; it has many disadvantages, and one of them is that it is easily flammable. Eat fireproofing impregnations, but they do not completely solve the problem, and besides, they need to be soaked regularly. That is why in our article, which talks about how to do wiring in such a house, the theme of rules will be a red thread. fire safety during electrification wooden house.

Basic requirements for electrical installation

Depending on the area, configuration of your home and energy consumption, you need to think through all the nuances of installing electrical wiring, as well as a number of measures before and after completion of work:

Draw up a power supply diagram; without it, work cannot begin;
Decide on materials: types, brands, cross-sections of cables and wires, their quantity. It's the same with boxes, sockets, pipes and everything else;
Now you can begin practical actions. First of all, you need to prepare the walls for laying pipes, installing boxes and sockets according to the power supply diagram;
We select a distribution panel depending on the number of consumers and their power and install it;
We lay the wires in the pipes and place them in pre-prepared channels, after which we connect the sockets.

The requirements are clearly demonstrated in the video:

House power supply diagram

Depending on how much electricity your home will consume, an electrical supply diagram or project is made. The project is done when there is a peak (all electrical appliances in the house are turned on at the same time and at maximum power) consumption is more than 10 kW. In this case, the implementation of the project is mandatory and it is subject to registration with the organization supplying electricity. The project has quite serious requirements: it must contain data from electrical circuits of external and internal power supply to the ratings of fuse links. Therefore, only a specialist can complete the project in full.

Even if the consumption is less than 10 kW, the circuit is still needed. It shows the exact locations of all elements and the routes of wires, preferably indicating all distances. This must be carefully thought out and verified taking into account the location of the furniture and household appliances so as not to fuse extension cords later.

Cable entry into the house

Electrical installation is divided into two types: external and internal.

TO external installation include entrance to the building and external lighting. Entering the building – important element fire safety systems, input can be air or underground. The following rules apply:

For underground input, if the house has a basement, the cable is inserted directly through the foundation through a pipe at least 1 meter from the foundation, depth - 70-80 cm. If there is no basement in the house, the cable rises along the wall of the house in a pipe to a height of at least 1.8 meters. Entering under the foundation is strictly prohibited.

Input distribution device (IDU)

It is to the ASU that the cable comes from overhead line. Here, at the ASU, the voltage is distributed throughout the house through circuit breakers and fuses. The grounding bus also comes here, connects to the grounding wires in the cable and grounds all electrical installations and lighting fixtures in the house. The ASU, or simply the shield, must be made specifically for a wooden house.

The housing of the ASU must be metal. It is very convenient to place an electric meter here, but this must be provided for by the design of the input distribution device.

Preparing the walls

When carrying out internal wiring, it is usually placed between the wall and the decorative covering. In this case, it is necessary to exclude direct contact of the cable with the surface of the wall and decorative coating. To do this, the conductor can be placed in a non-flammable metal hose, covering the latter on all sides with insulation in the form of cement or alabaster mortar. But the most reliable and safest way is to place the conductor in pipes, although this is more expensive.

If there is no decorative coating, then you need to make channels for the pipes and cut and hollow out spaces for sockets and switches. In this case, you need to think about how to close these channels beautifully and carefully.

Materials

IN wooden house everything related to the electrical supply must be non-flammable:

The cable and wires must be copper and insulated from a material that does not support combustion, for example VVGng;
Sockets and switches must have a metal backing, and the plastic housing must be non-flammable, which must be indicated in the product certificate.

When choosing a cable, try to choose a cable from the same manufacturer with colored cores. This will avoid installation errors. It is customary to connect wires by color as follows:

If you decide to do internal wiring, you need to choose pipes. They can be steel or copper. Steel pipes are less convenient for installation, since with small bending radii you will have to bend the pipe hot, warming up the pipe each time gas burner or blowtorch. Easier to work with copper pipes, but they have another drawback - the price is several times higher.

The diameter of the pipe should be such that the cable occupies no more than 40% of the pipe volume. The wall thickness should be 2.8-3.2 mm. Make sure that there are no burrs or sharp edges on the edges of the pipes that could cut through the insulation.

We insert metal branch boxes into previously prepared places and connect them to the pipes using soldering or welding.

After completing this stage of work, we check that all these elements are grounded.

Wiring

Now we lay wires or cables in the pipes. It is advisable to take a three-wire or five-wire, with a grounding wire, depending on the connected load. The cable is pulled using a pulling cord. At the end of the stretching, be sure to measure the insulation resistance to make sure there is no damage.

Now we connect the wires to sockets, switches and lighting fixtures. Connections inside junction boxes can be made in several ways:

Open wiring

A cheaper and simpler wiring option compared to hidden wiring. It is carried out along the surface of the wall. The following devices are used for this:

Cable channel;
Electrical plinth;
Roller insulators.

Cable channel is a box consisting of two parts. One is attached to the wall, cables and wires are laid in it, the second locks them from above. In this case, the wires must be in non-flammable insulation. The convenience of cable channels lies in the easy accessibility of wiring. The material from which they are made must be non-flammable.

Electrical skirting board It is stamped from non-flammable plastic and has channels inside for laying cables.

Roller insulators have been known for a long time; in some places they have even been preserved in old houses. Now they are worried new life, they are used for open wiring in new houses, although this requires certain style home, appropriate interior, otherwise it will look ridiculous. With this type of wiring, a special stranded wire with PVC insulation and decorative silk braiding with non-flammable impregnation.

The article describes the most common methods of electrifying a wooden house, and whichever one you choose, always respect electricity, and it will repay you in kind, bringing warmth and light into the house.

Most often, wooden houses are built on summer cottages. The advantage of these buildings is the low material costs for construction and high speed construction. The main disadvantage of this solution is the high probability of ignition in the event of an emergency in the electrical wiring. As a result of sparking and short circuits the walls and ceiling will easily catch fire. Hence the high requirements for cable laying in structures with combustible surfaces in the PUE and other normative and technical documentation. Therefore, let's figure out how electrical wiring in a wooden house should be done safely, in accordance with GOSTs and PUE.

Requirements

Lighting
Sockets
Powerful electrical appliances

Be sure to protect these groups with individual automatic circuit breakers and RCDs. A residual current device must be installed on the circuits from which the water heater, electric boiler, dishwasher, washing machine and other powerful consumers are powered, especially if they are located in damp rooms.

Then for a cable with a core cross-section of 1.5 square meters. mm (lighting circuits) choose a machine with a rated current of 6-10 amperes, and for 2.5 sq. mm - 16 amperes.

Group RCDs for sockets or individual consumers must have a leakage current (differential current, also known as Id) in the range of 10-30 mA, and a general RCD, also called input or fire protection, is chosen with a leakage current greater than for group ones, for example 100-300 mA .

Also, a selective RCD is sometimes installed at the input - it differs from the usual one in its long response time. The rated current of the RCD must be higher than the current of the circuit breaker that protects this group, that is, AB at 10A - RCD at 16A, AB at 16A - RCD at 25A.

Assembly diagram of a single-phase shield in a wooden house:

If you have carried out 3 phases per site, the distribution board diagram may look like:

After the wiring is done and the panel is assembled, we recommend calling an electrician so that he can check everything and possibly eliminate obvious errors. Next, you need to go through acceptance tests, obtain a certificate of approval for connecting to the network, and also call a representative of the distribution network to seal the meter and the input machine.

That's all step-by-step instruction, which explains in detail how to do electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands. Be sure to carry out electrical installation in accordance with the PUE and other existing standards. They are designed and collected based on the large number of accidents that could have been avoided by simply following the rules. We hope that the tips and diagrams provided helped you carry out electrical installation yourself or at least save on some installation steps.

Housing made from natural solids is considered the oldest Russian architectural tradition. Today, also in the absence of a shortage of modern building materials, most owners of country estates give preference to building houses directly from wood, which is incomparable in terms of warmth and the comfort it creates.

However, not a single residential building can do without electrical power, and a house made of wood is no exception. At the same time, in order to independently conduct electrical wiring in a wooden house, it is important to know simple rules. By adhering to it, you will not endanger the health of your family and will fully ensure maximum safety of your property.

Work methodology:

Power determination electrical device and development of project documentation;
Selecting the required cable, sockets, devices;
Input of power supply into the housing, installation of a circuit breaker, as well as connection of a switchboard and meter;
Installation of electrical devices, lighting devices;
Installation of RCD, grounding arrangement;
Carrying out preventive tests.

Preparation of project documentation

To create a project, it is important to obtain guidance by contacting the appropriate organization. Then we calculate the power of electrical devices to create a step-by-step electrical circuit:

a technical plan for the construction is being produced. The electrical wiring diagram in a country house defines the areas for placing sockets and other electrical elements with individual connections;
cables are selected for all electrical points;
the diagram indicates the installation points of distribution boxes;
the possibility of all devices is noted;
lighting devices are connected exclusively to one line, while powerful devices are combined into another line;
the distance expected from the line from which the cable will pass to the window is determined, doorways, as well as the distance from electrical points to the floor and ceiling surfaces. In the future, this will prevent damage to the wiring during repairs.

Types of electrical wiring

There are several methods for installing electrical wiring in a natural habitat:

Open type electrical wiring is installed on insulators. This method was in great demand in the last century, now rooms furnished in retro style are again in fashion.

Electrical wiring in wires. it's the same open view wiring that is accessible when necessary, only the wires are laid in trays. A type of such wiring consists of baseboards.

Hidden electrical wiring. It is installed in a structure made of wood if there is cladding on the ceiling or wall surface. In this version, the cables are arranged in a corrugated metal sleeve and routed around the perimeter of the house. The wiring is hidden behind the facing materials.

Features of closed wiring

This wiring can be arranged during the process repair work or at construction stage. When laying there are certain features: each connecting node must be placed in metal boxes with unobstructed access. They cannot be hidden under the finishing, since the covers are selected by shade or placed in inconspicuous areas.

In the process of laying cables, there are no specific requirements for the size of the walls of steel pipes. therefore, it is permissible to place them in a metal sleeve. This is significantly convenient. However, since the wires are not visible to prying eyes, access to them is very limited.

Changing an existing network is considered costly and problematic. It is for this reason that before installing a cable in a solid structure, carefully study the rules for installing electrical wiring and approach the issue responsibly.

Rules for installing wiring in a wooden structure

When arranging a structure made of wood, it is important not to forget that the material is flammable, so it is preferable to play it safe.

Electrical wiring in a solid wood house, as in the photo, is not difficult to install independently if you follow the necessary rules:

First of all, a circuit is formed, the uninterrupted operation of the branches is checked, and then it is connected to a special electrical power panel.
Installation of wiring in a solid building is carried out exclusively in solid cable pieces without various twists, as well as various connections.
The wiring is laid in stages, checking the quality of the cable insulation.
In the process of cutting electric cable It is important to leave at least 15 centimeters of reserve so that if necessary, everything can be re-sealed.
You should definitely pay attention to the shade of the wire.

Adhering to these requirements, the wiring in a wooden structure, created with your own hands, will be reliable and as durable as possible.

Photo of electrical wiring in a wooden house

Content:

When performing repair and construction work great importance has a correctly executed electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house. This is primarily due to ensuring electrical and fire safety of such buildings during further operation. Wood is a combustible material, so there are a number of restrictions and technical specifications for laying wires and cables, installing electrical appliances and equipment. Exact fulfillment of all requirements will avoid fire and other negative consequences.

Electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house

The electrical wiring diagram, including for a wooden house, is drawn up even before the start of construction installation work. Standard project consists of a diagram of the planned posting and the estimated quantity necessary materials. There are recommendations from experts that must be followed. For example, all switches, sockets, distribution boxes, counters and other points electrical diagram must be placed in places accessible for their maintenance and repair.

When deciding how to make electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands, you need to pay attention to the location of the switches. Their placement is carried out in such a way that they are not covered by cabinets, sliding doors and other items. Minimum height from the floor level is 1 meter, however, modern standards allow installation at any height from the point of view of aesthetics and ease of use.

The placement of sockets on the diagram is planned in such a way that when all electrical appliances are turned on, no additional extension cords are required. Therefore, you need to think about the placement of household appliances and electrical equipment in advance. ranges from 25 to 40 cm, and on an area of 6 m2 there should be at least one of them. In the kitchen, the minimum number of sockets is 3 pcs. The distance of each of them from metal structures must be at least 50 cm.

When laying electrical wiring, all lines must be positioned strictly vertically or horizontally. The main line is located 15 cm below the ceiling and at a distance of 5 to 10 cm from the beams and cornices. Branches for sockets and switches are laid no closer than 15 cm from door and window openings. If the cable is routed from the bottom, its distance from the floor is at least 15 cm. Distribution boxes are used to connect the wires. In addition, it is necessary to provide a grounding connection and an RCD.

After drawing up the project it is very easy to calculate required amount materials and equipment that will be installed in the premises.

Schemes for installing electrical wiring in a wooden house

The installation diagram is slightly different from the electrical wiring diagram. The installation locations of all devices and lines have already been determined; it remains to indicate the execution sequence electrical installation work, that is, the order in which certain devices and equipment are connected.

Before starting work, you need to determine the power consumed by all electrical appliances turned on at the same time. If the obtained value is less than 15 kW, a 25 A input circuit breaker is installed. If this figure is exceeded, the installation of a transformer will additionally be required.

Next, the electric meter and input machines are installed. When installing these devices outdoors, a sealed housing is used, protected from the penetration of dirt, dust and moisture. To make it more convenient to take readings, the cabinet is equipped with a viewing window.

The counter is installed after the introductory machine. Then an RCD is installed that provides emergency shutdown of the current in the event of a short circuit. Next, the cable is connected to the electrical panel located inside the house. The rating of a machine located in the house is one step lower than that installed outside. In case of any violations, it will work first, eliminating the need to go outside to the input device.

In the home panel there are single-pole circuit breakers, from which wires spread throughout all rooms. The number of such machines corresponds to the number of consumer groups. For the possible connection of new consumers, 2-3 free machines are installed.

Consumption groups in wooden houses can have different purposes. For example, power is supplied to sockets through one machine, and to lighting fixtures through another. To powerful equipment - electric stoves, boilers, washing machines- power is supplied from personal machines. Individual groups include street lighting and power supply to outbuildings.

Separate power lines best ensure safe operation home network. Due to this, the number of potentially dangerous places connections, where oxidation and heating of contacts most often occur. For ease of installation, each line in the diagram is marked with its own color indicating the order of laying.

The next stage will be the installation of wires and cables in the premises. In wooden houses, laying cable lines can be done in the following ways:

External (open) wiring. It is laid using insulators. Currently, this method is again becoming popular with.
. In fact, this is the same open wiring, only laid in special trays.
Internal (hidden) wiring. Its installation is possible when it is planned to cover the surfaces of the ceiling and walls. For laying, metal corrugated sleeves or metal pipes. The bend angles are 90, 120 or 135 degrees, which makes it possible to replace a damaged section of the cable without disturbing the finish. Metal boxes with free access to them are used for wire connections.

Next, in accordance with the diagram, the installation of sockets or switches is carried out. For wooden houses there are special models with metal mounting plate, on which the installation is made external panel. Plates made of non-flammable plastic certified by fire authorities can be used. For safety reasons, all outlets must have a ground wire.

Requirements for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Due to high fire hazard wooden houses, compliance with the rules and requirements for the installation of electrical wiring is of particular relevance.

Compliance with safety requirements begins already when connecting a wooden house to a power line. This event must be carried out by the organization responsible for the supply of electricity. After completing all necessary documentation, the meter is installed and a direct connection to the power supply is made. For these purposes, a flexible insulated wire is used, the integrity of the insulation is first checked.

As a rule, the meter is installed outside, and the distribution panel is installed inside the building. The cable connecting both points runs along steel pipe through a hole made in the wall. The entry height must be at least 2.75 m from the ground surface. Insulators and wires pass from the protruding part of the roof at a distance of at least 20 cm. The inlet pipe is protected from moisture penetration.

The beginning of internal wiring in a wooden house is the distribution board. Dry places are selected for its installation. This type equipment cannot be located in a bathroom, shower or toilet. The shield must have a fireproof base and be locked with a key. There should not be at a distance of 50 cm from it heating devices and equipment, gas, water supply and sewerage systems.

The already discussed methods of laying cables and wires in wooden houses are also subject to requirements for ensuring electrical and fire safety.

Hidden wiring can be done in several ways:

An ordinary wire sheathed in flammable materials is laid on a fireproof lining, after which a layer of plaster 1 cm thick or more is applied to it.
An ordinary wire with a sheath made of fire-resistant materials can simply be laid on a fireproof lining along its entire length without subsequent plastering.
When using a wire in a metal corrugation, it can be laid on structural elements building.
In the case of using steel boxes fixed directly to structures, wires that do not have additional protection can be laid in them.
When using fire-resistant plastic boxes, it is allowed to lay any wires in them, provided that a lining made of fireproof materials is installed under them. Subsequently, the box itself is covered with plaster, a layer thickness of 1 cm or more.

An indispensable condition for the use of metal boxes and corrugated hoses is their additional grounding throughout the entire area of laying cables and wires. Lining sizes from non-combustible materials are selected so that it protrudes beyond the dimensions of the box or corrugation by at least 1 cm.

Wiring open method in most cases it is performed using rollers. This method simpler from a technical point of view and does not require as many materials as with hidden wiring. The only drawback is appearance such lines, which are successfully hidden thanks to the original design solutions. For safety reasons, a lining made of non-combustible materials is laid along the entire length of the wires.

For open wiring, a shell made of non-combustible materials is used, which is laid directly on the structural elements. If pipes or fireproof boxes are used, then the presence of an additional sheath of wires is not necessary. There are separate technical requirements for external wiring of a wooden house, laid directly on the street. First of all, this concerns minimum distance from the ground to the line, which is 2.75 meters. The gap between the wire and the wall of the building must be at least 0.5 meters, and the distance from balconies and windows - 1.5 meters and above.

The main attention is paid to entering the building and protecting it from the ingress and accumulation of moisture. For this purpose, special seals are used to ensure reliable sealing.

Before wiring, it is necessary to determine the location of all consumers and determine the total power of household appliances and equipment. Compliance with all technical standards and requirements will ensure reliable and long-term operation of the home electrical network. At the same time, electrical and fire safety issues, especially relevant for wooden houses, will be resolved.

Drawing up a power supply project

In modern wooden country houses is installed a large number of household appliances and equipment with high energy consumption. Most often these are electric boiler systems that supply hot water and space heating. Water supply, air conditioning and ventilation systems are also equipped with powerful pumps and other similar elements. In addition, every home has a variety of electronic household appliances that make household work easier and increase comfort for those living in the house.

Many owners of wooden houses install backup power sources in case of an emergency power outage. All these factors must be taken into account when designing future electrical installation work. Electrical wiring in wooden houses must be designed especially carefully. Poor quality wires and cables running through wooden walls, very often lead to fires. Therefore, design and subsequent installation must be carried out by qualified electrical engineers with necessary knowledge and practical skills to perform such work.

An electrical project has specific requirements. First of all, they affect the reliability of cable input, automatic protection against short circuits and voltage surges, contour protective grounding, etc. When drawing up a project, you need to correctly calculate the power consumption and evenly distribute all loads. In wooden houses, it is mandatory to install an RCD to cut off power consumption when emergency situations online.

When developing a project, not only the method of laying electrical wiring is determined, but also cabling and wiring products with the appropriate parameters. All materials used for design must be certified.