It's no secret that most of the male population loves to go fishing. Fishing on a boat brings particular pleasure and therefore many dream of purchasing this object, and some do it with their own hands.
Materials for making a boat
The Internet is teeming with a variety of creative ideas that can easily be brought to life. By entering any query into a search engine, a person quickly receives the answer he is interested in.
And having decided to build a means of floating on the water, you will easily find a lot of ideas that, if desired, can be brought to life. So, what can you make a boat from? It can be made from:
- Tree.
- Plywood.
- Bottles.
- Aluminum.
- Rubbers.
Each listed material is difficult to use, because the density is different, and therefore the quality is different. But it is worth remembering that each material has its pros and cons. Therefore, the choice of material directly depends on the service life of the product:
- For example, the most durable material is wood. It is more suitable for long-term swimming on the water and can last for seven years. It is worth remembering that you need to take a durable tree. It is best to use oak. So there is a high probability of high-quality production.
- Plywood is no longer as reliable as wood. This will be determined in its subtlety. But, if you don’t go fishing very often and want to save money on manufacturing, then plywood is an excellent choice.
- As for bottles, many people ask a very logical question: how to make a boat out of bottles? Many will think that this is not real at all. But despite all the doubts, the result will be amazing. It will be easy. But in the case of manufacturing, you need to make every effort to ensure that the result of your work does not fall apart while climbing onto the water.
- Aluminum is also an excellent material. It is reliable and can last a long time. But production from such material will take a lot of time and effort. Therefore, many people prefer a wooden base.
The last material is very common. After all, all purchased swimming equipment is made from rubber. It floats well and can withstand a lot of weight.
But you need to be careful during production, because one puncture will ruin it. Time, effort, money will be wasted. The process requires complete concentration and maximum attention.
Wooden base
For many centuries, people have used wood as a means of transportation on the water surface. At first it was simple structures in the form of small platforms, later a boat appeared, the production of which took a long time.
After all, it must be of high quality for the safe transportation of cargo. Nowadays, if desired, anyone can reproduce the remedy at home.
Simple step by step plan will teach you how to make a wooden boat. It is necessary to prepare in advance long, wide boards that will serve as the sides of the shuttle. They must be dry, smooth, and free of cracks.
After preparing the base material, it needs to be processed for easy fastening. The edges of the boards must be cut evenly so that when assembled, the boards touch each other tightly. Next, we begin to make a vehicle. You need to start from the bow. We cut out an additional board that will hold the sides in the middle.
After finishing work on the sides, you need to build seats. The process is very simple, so it won't take much time. Wooden boards, must be nailed to the sides. After this, the bottom should be installed. It may be iron.
We cut out the desired shape from a sheet of iron, thanks to the thick hammered nails We attach it to a wooden base. The boat is almost ready. All that remains is to attach the iron chain, which will serve as the basis for the anchor.
Making a boat from plywood
The construction plan for how to make a boat from plywood will be slightly different from the previous one. How to make a boat with your own hands, drawings and descriptions will become reliable assistant During the process, complete drawing information can be found on the Internet.
Take a large sheet of plywood and draw the outlines of the product on it, relying only on the drawings. Then cut it out. The layout of the product is ready, all that remains is to secure everything correctly. The work needs to start from the sides in exactly the same way.
If you want to attach a motor, the tailgate must be strengthened. After fastening the bolts well, attach the bottom. You need to use glue and resin. You shouldn’t regret applying the listed products, but you shouldn’t overdo it either. After applying them, you need to wait until they dry completely. Here is the boat almost ready, you just need to paint it at your discretion.
Rubber dinghy
The answer to the question: how to make a boat with your own hands, drawings will be the first answer. Thanks to them, the product will turn out correct form. Therefore, the first thing you should do is draw drawings, calculating the smallest details.
After this, we cut out a boat of the specified dimensions from a sheet of plywood. Additionally, we will need boards to securely fasten the bottom and a tarpaulin for covering. These materials must be connected to each other using the same glue and resin. Be sure to give the glue time to set, otherwise the structure will turn out flimsy. And your efforts will be wasted.
After this, cover the product with a tarpaulin, tightly attaching it to the boards. Remember, the design must be wide. This way you will get a homemade boat. It will not be very similar to the rubber one that is sold, but it will provide you with softness and comfort.
For a better understanding of the manufacturing process, you can see how to make PVC boat with your own hands. There on clear example will explain the principle of operation. After all, reading and seeing an example, repeating actions, are completely different things.
Airboat
Having seen photographs on the Internet of how a boat is made from bottles, many are surprised, asking a natural question: how to make a homemade boat from plastic bottles or how long can it be used?
The manufacturing principle is so simple that even a ten-year-old child can construct it. For production you will need a lot of plastic bottles. They must be in perfect condition, without cracks or holes, so as not to allow water to pass through.
The quantity depends on the desired size of the vessel. Also, the bottles must have lids to prevent water from entering inside and making them heavier. The plastic material must be laid out in the shape of a vessel, carefully secured together with glue.
Here is the swimming aid ready. It is very cheap to produce, but not very high quality. There is a high probability that if you catch on a branch you can pierce the bottle, thus damaging the structure.
Aluminum ship
Having learned the principle of production of previous boats, it is not difficult to guess how to make aluminum boat. The only difference is in the material from which the vessel will be made. In terms of strength, it can easily be placed in second place after wood.
And if done well, it can last a lifetime.
When doing this, remember that you need to attach the materials efficiently and firmly. Because life depends on the quality of work.
DIY anchor
The anchor is the main element of a floating craft. After all, it helps to stay in one place for a long time, not allowing the current to carry the ship away. In order to attach an anchor, you need to drill a hole in the back of the boat, stretching an iron chain, which will become the basis for the anchor.
Next you need to attach the load itself. It must be a large piece of iron that can stop the boat. It will need to be attached to the chain by welding. Ten minutes - the anchor is ready. This is the easiest way to make a boat anchor with your own hands.
Conclusion
Some simple ways will help you learn how to make a boat with your own hands from various materials. Even if the attempt is not successful, the experience of making a vessel yourself will definitely be remembered.
But if the boat turns out to be good, then it will certainly be useful both for walks with the family along the river and for fishing. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to try to make a boat with your own hands.
Video on how to make a boat with your own hands
In specialized stores you can find enough a large number of boats different forms and sizes for tourism and fishing. Despite this, many are interested in a homemade plywood boat.
Advantages of a boat made of plywood sheets:
- Light weight structure. You should know that laminated veneer weighs much less than solid wood.
- Stability of the structure. The boat is assembled from solid pieces of plywood and has clear geometric proportions.
- Not high price, which consists of the cost of plywood sheets, boards, adhesive mixture and primers used to process plywood boats.
Anyone with some carpentry skills can make a boat like this in about 1 day.
Tools and materials
Today there is great amount various varnishes, impregnations and adhesive mixtures for plywood. Each element has its own advantages and disadvantages. To make a boat, you do not need to have any special tools or materials. The following items will be needed:
- Plywood sheets. For the production of boats, in most cases, sheets of glued birch veneer 5 mm thick are used. The frames and keel are cut from thick plywood (12-15 mm).
- Wood. Used for mounting internal struts, decorating sides, seats and other elements. Recommended to purchase edged boards made of light wood. The most commonly found wood on sale is spruce and pine. You should know that spruce is whiter than pine and has greater water resistance, therefore it is recommended to use it for cladding. However, do not forget that spruce boards can split during the nailing process.
- Suture material is used for fastening individual elements plating in single design. Seams can be formed using thin and flexible wire, plastic clamps, thick nylon line and other elements.
- Adhesive mixture. Used to ensure the necessary tightness of seams. Today, natural casein-based compounds are practically not used. In most cases, craftsmen use polymer resins.
- Special varnishes and impregnations that can protect wood from destruction.
- Fiberglass or other material to protect the seams.
- Waterproof paint.
You will need certain geometric parameters boards The width of the elements should be 30 cm and the thickness should be 2.5 cm. For the stern and sides, boards 86.4 cm long are needed.
To make reliable sides, you need to use only high-quality plywood sheets for cladding that do not have cracks, knots or other defects. Price of materials the best varieties above, but only in this case can you be sure of the safety of the boat being manufactured.
You will need the following tools:
- saw for working with wood;
- electric jigsaw with a set of blades of various lengths;
- grinding machine;
- hand tool;
- clamps for fixing plywood sheets during gluing;
- several brushes for impregnation, varnishing and painting.
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Manufacturing process
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Drawing up a drawing
First of all, you need to decide what kind of vessel you need to make. Today there are a large number of different drawings of homemade plywood boats. You can make, for example, a flat-bottomed boat for fishing or a vessel for tourism.
If existing drawings are not suitable, you can design your own circuit. To ensure that a homemade boat does not turn out to be purely decorative, you need to calculate the carrying capacity.
To create your own boat diagram, you should first study existing designs for homemade plywood boats. It is necessary to transfer the outlines of the main elements onto paper. On the plywood sheets you need to draw lines along which the frames and sheathing sheets will be cut. To do this, it is recommended to use a prepared paper template.
If the length of the purchased plywood sheets is not suitable, then they need to be joined. To do this, the end parts of the plywood must be cut at an acute angle so that the length of the resulting slope is 8-10 times the thickness of the sheet itself. Next, you will need to coat the beveled parts with an adhesive mixture and clamp them with clamps. At the same time, you should prepare wooden blocks, from which the boat frame will be made.
On such trestles it is much more convenient to place all the elements during fastening, especially if the construction of homemade plywood boats is carried out without assistants.
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Boat hull
The frame of the boat is made of pine slats.
- By using a wood saw or electric jigsaw you need to cut out the parts according to templates from boards, bars and plywood sheets. The deviation from the design dimensions should not exceed 1 mm, otherwise the sides will not be able to meet during the stitching process.
- The rear side and frames must be glued together in order to obtain the required thickness and strength. The glued elements have a lot of weight, but this will not affect the quality of the structure in any way.
- To increase the strength of the connections, it is recommended to additionally secure the frames and transoms with self-tapping screws. The length of these fasteners must be such that the tip does not pierce through the workpiece. Self-tapping screws must be galvanized or tinned. It is recommended to use screws with a length of 18x3 mm or 25x3 mm. Self-tapping screws 60x4 mm and 60x5 mm are suitable for securing seats, sides and food.
- The transom is installed on the manufactured sawhorses.
- After this, you need to attach the bottom and sides to the transom, bringing them together at the bow.
- If plywood is not too thick, the sheathing elements are secured with suture material. These elements can also be secured using an adhesive mixture. In the latter case, you need to cut off the outer parts of the plywood at an angle.
- All parts must match in size. You should know that to reduce the gap, you need to disassemble the entire product and partially trim the frames.
- If you plan to install a boat motor, then the transom must be glued with fiberglass and reinforced with boards made of hardwood trees.
- After the rough assembly has been completed, gluing should begin.
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Glue works
- First of all, you need to prepare a composition from epoxy resin and Aerosil. The elements must be mixed in a 1:1 ratio, for which it is recommended to use the appropriate drill attachment. The mixture should be the consistency of sour cream.
- The corners between the bottom, sides and transom need to be strengthened using wooden fillets - corners small sizes, which are able to ensure the rigidity of the connection.
- Strips of fiberglass must be glued to all the seams from the inside, thoroughly coating the joints with the prepared mixture. Most adhesive mixtures contain volatile toxins. In this regard, varnishing and painting work must be carried out using respiratory protection.
- After the adhesive mixture has dried, you will need to install the frames in the selected places.
- To fix the frames, you should use the same adhesive mixture. If the boat being manufactured has big sizes, then to strengthen the structure, it is recommended to additionally secure the frames on the bottom and sides with overlapping strips of fiberglass.
- The flooring is laid on the bottom, the oarlocks, seats and other elements are secured.
- If the forward part of the vessel needs to be equipped closed space, you will need to install the cover. This element is fixed to the sides and frames.
The bottom of a homemade boat is made from whole piece plywood, but it must be joined to the sides and stern. Therefore, the joints must be glued. In this case, you can use various waterproof compounds, but if these are not available, then you can use thick rubbed paint on oil based. When the joint shrinks and swells, such a mixture will not allow water to pass through. The joint will also need to be tightened with self-tapping screws, the minimum step being 40 cm. All seams must be caulked with a cloth.
After the structure has dried, it must be removed from the trestles, turned over and the outer base sanded. Next, the seams are treated with the mixture and the bottom is glued with fiberglass.
DIY plywood boat, drawings and stages of its construction.
Let's look at the cross-sectional drawing of the presented model:
Breshtuk – wooden beam 114x60 (mm)
frame – plywood 16 (mm) thick
sternpost – plywood 16 (mm) thick
keelson – wooden beam 30x80 (mm)
bottom – plywood 6 (mm) thick
side – plywood 6 (mm) thick
handle – chrome tube with a diameter of 16…20 (mm)
floor – planed board 20x100 (mm)
deck – plywood 6 (mm) thick
A little about the material used:
Structural plywood
two types of sizes: 6x1500x3000 (mm); 16x1525x1525 (mm)
longitudinal fiber arrangement
quality grade "E"
polished on one side “Ш1” (6х1500х3000)
unpolished “NSh” (16x1525x1525)
classification for moisture exposure “FB” or “BS”
Overall dimensions of a plywood boat
Let's start work with making: a breshtuk; five frames; sternpost; keelson
We will install it on the staple and secure the gap; five frames; sternpost
We insert the keelson into the grooves, having previously lubricated the contact planes with glue, and let the structure dry.
Let's take cardboard and bend it along the plane of the sides and draw the outline of the side.
Let's take cardboard and bend it along the plane of the bottom and draw the outline of the bottom.
After making sure that the contour measurements are accurate, we transfer them to plywood and carefully cut them out. We should get four parts - two left and two right, and the right parts are a mirror image of the left ones.
We start fastening from the bottom.
Brass or galvanized screws and epoxy glue Let's fasten the parts cut from plywood to the frame of the structure. After the glue has hardened, smooth out the contour with a sanding machine.
We fasten the sides in the same way.
We fasten the joints of the plywood parts as follows:
1. Drill along the joints, at the same distance, through holes with a diameter of 3 (mm).
2. Insert a nylon cord into the holes.
3. We tighten the parts together.
After the glue has hardened, smooth the contour and joint surfaces with a grinding machine.
From above, by analogy, we will secure the deck. Let's level the joint surfaces.
We will cover all joints with two layers of fiberglass and let it dry.
It won't hurt if you treat the entire body with fiberglass.
We will finish the body and paint it an interesting color.
For structural rigidity, we will strengthen the bottom of the seat with wooden blocks on both sides.
We will lay boards on the floor. We will install metal handles on top of the deck.
DIY plywood boat made by:
Active fishing from the water for predators or peaceful fish, hunting for waterfowl, family vacations on a pond - all this is united by one obligatory element - a boat. Modern trading enterprises can offer a great variety of options for vessels of various displacements made of rubber, polyvinyl chloride, plastic and metal. And many worthy products often have one significant drawback- high price. Coupled with the need to purchase a motor for a boat, the overall price of pleasure becomes unaffordable for many. At the same time, there is quite a budget option The solution to the problem is to make a ship with your own hands. In order to better understand the intricacies of making a wooden boat, carefully study our instructions.
For a long time in construction and furniture production this type has been widely used wood material like plywood. High strength with low thickness, durability and even resistance to moisture during additional processing - all this prompted craftsmen to use it for the independent manufacture of fishing boats equipped with a motor.
Drawings of a future wooden boat
If the dimensional characteristics of the vessel we offer do not satisfy you, it will not be difficult to find a program that calculates the parameters of all parts of the boat depending on the desired dimensions and displacement. 3D modeling capabilities will allow you to view the product from all angles.
The proposed boat has the following dimensions of the main parts:
bow and stern,
reinforcing ribs depending on location:
(Click on the picture to enlarge)
Getting started self-production watercraft, you should study a number of additional literature and become familiar with the name and purpose of the main parts of the vessel. Limitations on the length of this article do not allow us to provide users with this information.
Boat assembly
The material for making the boat, as noted above, is plywood. In this case, it is advisable to purchase moisture-resistant sheets. In this case, your product is guaranteed to be used for many years without the need frequent repairs. It is better to make the bottom from 12 mm material, and for the sides you can purchase 10 or even 8 mm.
From purchased sheets, having previously made patterns, for example, on sheets of wallpaper, you should use a jigsaw to cut out the details of the boat. Unfortunately, the industry does not produce sheets 5 meters long, so it becomes necessary to glue the bottom and sides from two parts. For this, it is best to use EDP glue, since it has maximum moisture resistance, unlike water-soluble PVA. You can glue using overlays on one or both sides in the form of strips of plywood with a thickness of at least 10 centimeters.
In addition, it is necessary to glue together internal stiffeners from strong birch bars located at the required angles according to the drawings shown above. Some options involve the installation of solid saddle cans, glued together from two side parts and a flat bench. This significantly reduces the internal space of the vessel, but increases its buoyancy even when upside down, since air is retained in the hermetically sealed cans.
Many novice shipbuilders are faced with the problem of joining plywood parts located at different angles. There is a method called “sew and glue”. It involves connecting parts with steel wire or a strong thread, for example, nylon, through pre-drilled holes in the fastening edges of the parts, 2-3 millimeters in diameter, spaced no more than 5 millimeters from the edge. After “stitching” the body, all joints are additionally glued with fiberglass impregnated with EDP glue or epoxy resin. It is better to glue both inside and outside the boat. This will ensure the strongest possible connection.
It is better to start assembling the hull from the side parts - the sides, bow and stern. Drill holes according to the above parameters with equal spacing and tighten the body with thread or wire. Check the relative position of the elements, secure the sides to the stiffeners using self-tapping screws with glue, and glue all the seams with fiberglass, carefully expelling air bubbles from under it. Leave the case until the glue dries completely.
Using the same technology, attach the bottom to the side parts of the body.
Along the sides along their upper edge, glue the so-called mooring beam, designed to protect the hull of your wooden boat from damage when moored to piers or the sides of other ships.
A mandatory element of a boat that ensures safe turning, especially when moving with a motor, as well as lateral stability of the vessel is the keel. It is attached to the bottom and should be located along its midline.
It is better to make the central keel in typesetting, glued together from several thin slats.
Give wooden boat Additional inserts in the nose will help increase strength
and aft parts.
In addition, it is better to further strengthen the transom - the part of the stern on which the outboard motor is attached.
After all the main and additional parts of the boat are fixed in their designated places, you can begin testing the product. Transport the boat to the nearest body of water, launch it and check for leaks and load capacity. The noted deficiencies are marked and eliminated.
Final appearance we add coloring to the product oil paints in several layers.
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Despite the abundance of fishing and tourist boats of various shapes and sizes in specialized stores, many are still interested in how to make a homemade boat from plywood. main reason Such interest lies, perhaps, in the ineradicable craving of our compatriots for creative work.
Even though you can buy anything today, there is some indescribable charm in a homemade dinghy or dinghy, made according to drawings almost from the magazine “Rybolov”.
In the article we will give some tips, using which you can quickly learn how to make homemade boats from plywood.
Materials and tools
Not so long ago, homemade mini plywood boats were very popular. This made it possible to work out methods for their production, as well as determine the most suitable materials.
Of course, today the list of available varnishes, impregnations and adhesives for plywood is much wider than it was even ten years ago - but to make a small-sized watercraft with our own hands, we don’t need anything complicated:
- Plywood is the most important component. For the manufacture of boats, sheets of glued natural birch veneer with a thickness of about 5 mm are most often used. Individual parts, such as frames or keels, are cut from thicker (10 - 15 mm) material.
Note!
To ensure sufficient reliability for the sides, only high-quality plywood should be used for cladding, without cracks, delaminations, knots, etc.
Of course, the price of first or second grade material will be higher, but you will be confident in the safety of your boat.
- Wood is used to install internal struts, decorate sides, and seats etc. It is advisable to use edged planed boards made of light wood.
- Suture material is used for connection individual parts sheathing in one piece. Seams can be made using fairly thin and flexible wire, plastic clamps, thick nylon fishing line, etc.
- Glue is needed to ensure proper sealing of the seams. Today, masters have practically abandoned natural compositions based on casein, and prefer modern polymer resins.
In addition, we will need special varnishes and impregnations that protect the wood from swelling and rotting. It is also worth stocking up on fiberglass or similar material for gluing all seams. As an alternative to fiberglass, you can use fiberglass - then the entire bottom and sides will be covered with it.
Well, don’t forget about the paint - after all, we want our ship to be beautiful!
As for the tools, the set will be almost standard:
- Saw on wood.
- A jigsaw with a set of blades of different lengths.
- Sander.
- Hand tool(hammer, pliers, chisels, etc.)
- Clamps for clamping plywood when gluing.
- Brushes for impregnation, varnishing, etc.
Making a boat
Drawings and layout
Before we start work, we decide what kind of vessel we need. Today, on the Internet you can find a variety of drawings of homemade plywood boats, so nothing is impossible either in building a fishing punt or in assembling a tourist kayak. 
If none of the found drawings suits us, we can start designing ourselves.
True, in this case you will need certain skills to calculate the carrying capacity, otherwise the boat may turn out to be purely decorative.
- Having studied available projects homemade plywood boats, or having made your own, we transfer the outlines of the main parts onto paper.
- Using paper templates, we draw lines on the plywood sheets along which the frames and sheets for sheathing will be cut.
- If the factory length does not suit you (and this happens in 99% of cases), then it is necessary to splice them. To do this, we cut the ends of the plywood at an acute angle so that the length of the resulting bevel is 7-10 times the thickness of the sheet itself.
- Having attached the beveled parts to each other, coat them with glue and clamp them with clamps. This technique is called a “whisker” connection.
- At the same time we prepare wooden beams, from which the frame of our future boat will be made.
Advice!
To make work on the project easier, you can assemble special trestles from beams with a section of 50x50 mm.
It will be much more convenient to place all the parts on these sawhorses during the joining process, especially if you work without assistants.
Housing assembly
When everything is ready, let's start working:
- Using a wood saw or jigsaw, . The deviation from the design size should not be more than 1 mm, otherwise the sides will not “converge” when sewing.
- We glue the transom parts (rear side) and frames to obtain the required thickness and strength. The glued parts will be a little heavy, but that's okay!
- If you plan to install outboard motor, then the transom should be additionally glued with fiberglass and reinforced with a hardwood board.
Advice!
To increase the strength of the connection, the frames and transoms can be additionally secured with self-tapping screws.
In this case, the length of the screws should be such that the tip does not pierce the part through.
- We install the transom on pre-made trestles and begin to attach the bottom and sides to it, bringing them together at the bow.
- We fasten the sheathing parts either using suture material (if not very thick plywood is used), or exclusively with glue, cutting off the edge of the plywood at an angle.
- At this stage, it is very important that all elements match in size, since to reduce the gap you will have to disassemble the entire structure and partially trim the frames.
After the “rough assembly” you can start gluing.
Glue works
The instructions for gluing and sealing our vessel are as follows:
- We prepare a mixture of epoxy resin and aerosil (silicon dioxide). Mix the components in a 1:1 ratio using a drill attachment. The optimal consistency of the mixture is like thick sour cream.
- We strengthen the corners between the bottom, sides and transom using wooden fillets - small corners that ensure the rigidity of the connection.
- We glue strips of fiberglass and fiberglass onto all the seams from the inside, thoroughly coating the joints with epoxy-aerosol compound.
Note!
Since the majority adhesive compositions contain volatile toxins, all paint and varnish work should be carried out using respiratory protection!
- After the glue has dried, we install the frames in the selected places.
- To fix the frames we use the same glue. If the dimensions of the vessel are large enough, then in order to strengthen the structure, the frames should be additionally fixed on the bottom and sides with overlapping strips of fiberglass.
- We lay the flooring on the bottom, fasten rowlocks, seats and other parts provided for by the design.
- If you plan to equip the boat with a cockpit (a closed space in the bow), we install a cover, fixing it on the sides and frames.
After waiting for the entire structure to dry, we remove the boat from the trestles, turn it over and sand the outer surface. Then we treat the seams with an epoxy mixture and glue the bottom with fiberglass. 
Coloring
At the final stage, we need to provide our boat with protection from moisture and give it an attractive spring look:
- First, thoroughly degrease all parts.
- Then we treat the wood with impregnation. The composition for sea or river vessels from Tikkurila is quite suitable here.
- We putty all surfaces, masking cracks and irregularities, and then treat them with a special primer.
- You can paint homemade plywood boats with almost any paint, but if you want to ensure durability of the vessel, it is better to use special pigment mixtures designed for processing wooden ships.
- Average consumption paint is 1 - 1.5 l/m 2. It is best applied with a brush, but a spray gun can also be used.
Conclusion
A homemade plywood boat made using this technology will be quite suitable for fishing trips, family outings, etc. Of course, you shouldn’t go out into the open sea in it, but as practice shows, for big rivers and lakes in our country, such a design is quite reliable. In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
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