We make a staircase from a profile pipe with our own hands. How to make a stepladder with your own hands from wood and a profile pipe. Homemade ladder from a profile pipe.

Home master must be able to make a straight ladder, which is indispensable on the farm. The design must meet the main requirements - safety and reliability. To create a durable staircase, you need to correctly select the components, become familiar with the technology, develop a drawing and perform the assembly. The stages of manufacturing the attached structure are described in the article.

An extension ladder is an indispensable thing in the garden

In a country house or garden, an extension ladder will be needed when performing work at height. Seasonal pruning of fruit and park trees, tinting window frames, harvesting and other events are not complete without gardening tools. Extension ladders are distinguished by their mobility, light weight and simplicity of design. Essentially, these are two support beams fastened together by crossbars.

In hardware stores and construction markets there is a wide range of modifications of ladders made of different materials. Buying a high-quality large-sized model is quite expensive, and the reliability of cheap stairs raises some doubts. Therefore, many home craftsmen often raise the question: “How to make an extension ladder with your own hands?”

The feasibility of independent construction is fully justified, since the scope of use of an extension ladder is quite multifaceted:

performing repair and construction work on facades;
repair of electrical wiring in a private house;
installation of electricity meters, monthly readings;
washing window glass on the first and second floors;
decoration of the facade of the house;
cleaning drainpipes, storm drains;
performing minor repairs to roofing materials.

Despite the significant advantages, a mobile stepladder also has some disadvantages:

low load capacity - structures are not designed for loads of more than 200 kg;
a narrow support area reduces the stability of the ladder;
not very convenient to use due to the lack of railings, steep climb and thin steps.

Metal stairs are considered the most durable and durable. A simple model It’s quite possible to do it yourself. To perform the job, it is advisable to have welding skills.

Design requirements for extension ladders

The main requirement for attached models, as well as for other types of stairs, is safety. When planning the design of the stairs and performing calculations, you should adhere to a number of basic rules:

The maximum length of a ladder of this modification is 5 m. However, this limitation is relevant for wooden models. Metal stairs can be higher due to the strength of the material.
When making stairs, it is advisable to provide for the installation special nozzles: cap hooks, steel pins and rubber pads. These elements improve the stability of the structure.
The optimal step placement step is 30-35 cm, minimum distance- 25 cm.
The span width is at least 40 cm.
Structural parts should not have sharp, raw edges or metal burrs.
In the manufacture of stepladders and retractable modifications of stairs, special locking connections, which prevent spontaneous opening/closing of the structure.
To make it easier to move large-sized models, wheels are installed on the “support legs”. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a blocker so that during operation the ladder does not move out from under your feet.

Important! According to safety regulations, the strength characteristics of the ladder must be checked annually. The structure is installed to the wall at an angle of about 70°, and then a weight weighing at least 100-120 kg is placed on the steps one by one.

Types of ladder designs

There are several types of ladders, each of which has design and operational features.

Straight-line simple stairs with fixed dimensions. A simple model of two support beams and attached steps. It is very easy to make such an extension ladder with your own hands. Folding and sliding models are more functional and reliable.

Folding ladders (stepladders) consist of several parts connected by hinges. The main advantage of the model is its compactness and the ability to be stored in a compact room. Stepladders with a platform are more convenient to use than straight structures. To make a folding ladder with your own hands, aluminum alloys are usually used, which reduces the weight of the stepladder.

Folding models most in demand when arranging attic spaces. The staircase saves space on the lower floor - just pull the bottom step or a special handle and the structure will straighten out completely.

Disadvantages of folding modifications:

complexity of design, assembly and installation;
the need to use expensive components;
low strength of a structure consisting of several elements.

Retractable ladder with height adjustment. Models consist of two or three sections, fasteners, guides, rollers and height clamps. To ensure that the ladder does not fail at the right time, the working mechanisms must be regularly lubricated.

Selecting material for making stairs

Straight stairs today are made primarily of metal, and traditional wooden structures are becoming less popular.

Distinctive features of metal ladders:

For self-made Aluminum is usually used stainless steel or metal alloys;
high strength, resistance to moisture and mechanical damage;
aluminum does not corrode, but structures made of other metals need to be treated with protective agents;
high load capacity;
practicality and durability;
To make a metal ladder by hand, you will need experience in welding.

A wooden ladder is easy to manufacture, but is demanding in terms of storage and operating conditions. If the air is too dry, the wood will dry out, the material will weaken, and cracks may appear. Under the influence high humidity The wooden staircase is rotting. To reduce the risk of structural destruction, it is necessary to regularly treat wood with protective agents.

Important! Wooden ladders can withstand loads of up to 150 kg.

When conducting electrical installation work often used sliding stairs made of fiberglass - the material protects against electric shock.

Do-it-yourself ladder made from a profile pipe

Drawings of ladders

Making ladders with your own hands begins with developing a drawing. It is necessary to schematically display the main parameters of the staircase structure:

height and width;
parameters of the material used (diameter/section of metal, etc.);
stair step;
fastening type;
type of support.

As an example for creating a sketch, existing diagrams from the Internet are suitable.

DIY metal ladder: drawings of various modifications.

Attic ladders by hand: drawings and diagrams. Video

Required tools and materials

To create a simple metal stairs you will need the following materials:

profile pipe - two sections of 2.5 m each, diameter - 4 * 4 cm;
cuts from profile pipe length equal to the width of the stairs (30-35 cm) - 10 pcs.;
square metal plates measuring 4*4 cm - 4 pcs.;
steel corners - 20 pcs.;
primer for treating metal surfaces;
dye.

The tools you need to have on hand are:

a hacksaw or grinder;
square;
grinding machine or sandpaper;
wide, durable table for laying out design parts.

The procedure for assembling an extension ladder

Let's take a step-by-step look at how to make a ladder with your own hands. The assembly diagram is as follows:

Place metal supports on the table. Make sure that the elements are located parallel to each other at a distance of 30 cm (the width of the stairs).
Make marks for installing steps in 25 cm increments.
Weld metal corners along the marks - they will additionally secure the crossbars.
Weld two 30 cm sections to the supports at the bottom and top. The result should be a rectangular frame.
The crossbars are laid sequentially on the corners and welded with a double weld.
Weld metal plates to the ends of the supports above and below. This measure will prevent soil, debris and water from entering the supports.
Clean the weld seams with a grinder.
Prime the stairs and leave the metal until completely dry.
Cover the structure with paint, and after complete drying, apply a second coat of paint.

How to make a wooden ladder with your own hands: expert advice

When creating a straight ladder or stepladder from wood, the following points must be considered:

Better to use for work conifers tree. It is unacceptable to make a staircase out of wooden beams, if they have transverse or longitudinal cracks. Bars with signs of rotting or large knots are rejected.
The choice of the minimum cross-section of the support beams depends on the height of the structure being built.
Everything before assembly wooden parts treated with an antiseptic.
Structural elements are fastened together in one of the following ways:
- overhead method - the steps are fixed to the supports using nails and self-tapping screws; this option is considered the simplest, but not reliable enough;
- insertion of crossbars - steps are installed in samples prepared in advance in support beams;
- tenon joint - grooves are made in the bowstrings, and protrusions are made at the edges of the crossbars; fixation can be performed at an angle.

Advice. Tenon connection in wooden structures most durable. You can prepare the socket and tenon using a chisel, mallet or electric drill in a stand.

Safety precautions when working on a ladder

Attachable models are not self-supporting, so knowing basic safety precautions will help prevent falls and injury.

Long-term work at a height of more than 1.5 m must be carried out with a safety belt.
The ladder must not be placed on boxes, tables or other objects to increase its height. It is better to “join” two separate ladders with metal clamps. Before work, the structure must be checked with a load of 150 kg.
The safest installation angle is 60°. When placing the ladder at 75° or higher, it is advisable to secure it at the top.
To prevent slipping when climbing, the steps must be equipped with rubber pads.

On a ladder it is prohibited:

lift heavy objects;
tension electrical wires;
use large welding machines and electrical equipment;
move without holding onto the stairs;
More than 1 person can climb at the same time.

Compliance with the technology of design and operation of an extension ladder is the key to safe execution various works on high.

Making an extension ladder from metal profiles: video

Greetings to all readers of my publications. I want to tell you, dear readers, about stairs, their types, characteristics, how to make a stepladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, what is needed for this. I will present you with the drawings and explain how to make it.

Marching

This is a staircase that contains one or more parts called flights. It can be straight or rotary. A straight march is a step that is wider than the main ones. The turning one is wider on one side and narrower on the other, which forms the turn of the staircase.

Screw

The steps in a spiral staircase are arranged in an ascending direction around an axis - a pipe or column. In rare cases, the ends of the steps form an empty cylindrical space, from which the staircase is protected by railings. The rest have railings only on the side opposite the axis. The helical design occupies a minimal footprint, providing greater lift steepness.

Ladder

These are portable ladders, usually collapsible, designed for temporary use at a specific location. Stepladders are used very widely; they are easy to make with your own hands.

Advantages and disadvantages of structures made from rolled profiles

A stepladder made with your own hands from a profile pipe has the following advantages:

mobility;
simplicity;
compactness, especially if folding;
the optimal combination of metal strength and light weight.

But it is not without some disadvantages:

tendency to fall;
narrow support area.

It's not hard to find videos about stepladders.

Buy or make it yourself

For me, for example, making it with my own hands is preferable to buying it. Because when making it, I adapt it to my needs. Someone will say that it’s easier to buy and not waste time transferring nerves, money, etc. And everyone is right in their own way. Nevertheless, the article was written for those who are interested in making a stepladder with their own hands.

For some, homemade is even better than purchased: the device solves certain problems, it is not always possible to find the ideal. A universal one will be expensive, but you can make it with your own hands to any height, with any size of steps.

Another argument in favor of making it yourself is that there are very few ladders made from profile pipes on sale. Usually they try to make light and compact stairs. But they are less durable and stable. A stepladder made from a profile pipe is stronger, although less transportable.

What type of professional pipe to choose for the stairs and how many of them will be needed

For the stepladder, which I suggest you make with your own hands, you will need 8 m of profile pipe 60 × 40 mm, 4 of 2 m, 4.9 m of rolled profile 40 × 40 mm. It is better to use the one proposed as support posts, but 80 × 40 mm or 80 × 60 are also possible. You will also need a chain 1.4 m long, 2 pieces of 70 cm each.

The use of a square profile for racks is undesirable, but for steps - vice versa. Although the option of using profile pipes measuring 40 × 30 or even 40 × 20 for steps cannot be ruled out. Last option Suitable if the user's weight is no more than 120 kg.

How to make a stepladder with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

First, prepare the supports. To manufacture an L-shaped structure, 2 profile pipes, each 2 meters long, are required. The staircase consists of 2 such structures. The support pipes are marked with a marker, the color of which is clearly visible on the rolled metal. All distances are indicated in the drawing.

Step 1. Plates the length of two wide sides of the pipe are welded to one edge of the pipe, in our case 120 mm. They are welded at an angle so that the cut is straight if the connected supports are laid out. This is shown in the photo below.

A hole Ø 10 mm is drilled in the second pipe and plates. A pin is inserted into it to form a hinge joint, and the edges are riveted. Or they use special hinges; they just need to be welded to the ends of the sections so that the folded profile pipes are pressed and parallel to each other. The second design is identical to the first.

Step 2. After making the L-shaped structures, weld the chain so that it is tensioned if the angle at the hinges is 45˚. The material for the steps is preliminarily prepared, sections of 350 mm profile pipes are cut - 14 pcs. Next, these structures are installed in parallel at a distance of 35 cm. Here you may need the help of a friend to hold it with your own hands while one of the upper steps is welded.

Before attaching the remaining steps, you need to check all the distances again and check the marks. The steps of the stepladder must be mounted so that their sides are parallel to the ground.

Required tools and materials

To make a stepladder with your own hands you need welding machine, drill and grinder. I described the pipes that are preferable to use above. For the hinge mechanism, you can use 4 plates with dimensions of 160 × 80 mm and a thickness of at least 3.5 mm. Chain with ring wire thickness from 2.8 mm to 5 mm.

Drawings and diagrams

The diagram of a simple stepladder is shown in the figure.

Its advantage is the ability for two people to climb the steps at the same time. On the farm, this type of stepladder is simply irreplaceable, for example when harvesting fruit trees. This is convenient for joint repairs or when an installer and an assistant work. When the master is busy with work, the assistant can serve the tool and hold objects. This is not possible with other types of stepladders.

Work progress

When carrying out welding work, safety precautions must be observed. Use a chameleon type mask and protect your hands with gloves. The lighting must be good.

This installation sequence, which I described above, will allow you to assemble a level stepladder with your own hands without any complex calculations and measurements.

First, the top step is welded so that the supporting structures stand level. The surface of the steps should always be parallel to the ground. Next is the bottom rung of the opposite ladder. If at the same time one of the chains is slightly weakened, and when it is tensioned, a crook is formed, then at this stage it is best to digest the place where the chain is attached.

To evenly trim the edges of the stepladder legs, you need to turn it on its side while unfolded. The cutting line can be marked by holding a long ruler to the sides of the posts. In extreme cases, you can tighten the cord. It’s even better if you purchase special plastic legs to match the existing profile at a building materials store.

Conclusion

So it turned out to be simple and very comfortable staircase. Many people who understand the simple design of a profile pipe and will be able to assemble it with their own hands. I wish you all success! Subscribe to updates, share on in social networks. And I say goodbye to you until the next publications.

Metal stairs are widespread not only in private use, but also in industrial and commercial facilities.

The use of a profile pipe in such cases makes it possible to lighten the design while maintaining strength indicators relative to similar products made from channel.

Types of frames made of profile pipes

Let's consider options on how to make a staircase from a profile pipe. The type of construction in all cases is . can be absolutely anything: straight, rotary or screw. It depends on your home design and interior design.

Possible frames made from profile pipes:

Advantages of stairs made of profile pipes

Any design, no matter what material it is made of, has its pros and cons.

Advantages of frames made of profile pipes:

reliability and long term services;
the ability to implement a design of any shape, provided you have a certain skill;
the possibility of combination with other materials, which makes it possible to fit such a frame into any interior;
due to its high resistance to mechanical stress, it is possible to install the ladder on initial stage construction without worrying about it appearance; upon completion of construction, repainting can be done if necessary;
such a staircase can be installed both indoors to access the second floor and outdoors.

The main disadvantage of any metal structure is possible corrosion, the effects of which can be minimized or eliminated by proper preparation and product processing.

What type of professional pipe to choose for stairs

Determining and selecting a profile pipe for a future structure is an important step, which will determine how reliable the frame will be.

A square or rectangular pipe is used for the stairs.

Below we have given you the dimensions of pipes for various frames, which will be sufficient for standard loads on the structure.

Frame type	Minimum cross-section of pipes used and wall thickness, mm
Straight stringer: one central or double	100x50x4
Broken: single or double	80x60x3
Ladder	Guides 40x40x3, for steps 20x20x3
	guides – 80x40x3, steps – 50x25x2

Profile staircase installation

It is possible to make any frame with your own hands, it all depends on your skills.

If you are not confident in your abilities, refuse to implement a complex screw or rotating design Of course, it's not worth it. In this case, we advise you to contact professionals who will help you with the installation and welding of stairs from a profile pipe.

Required Tools:

grinder with cutting discs for metal;
drill with drills;
welding machine;
screwdriver

Preparation of the drawing and calculation features

In order to clearly understand how to weld a staircase from a profile pipe, you need to prepare a drawing and make all the dimensional calculations.

At the design stage the following are determined:

for comfortable movement;
march;
design type: screw, straight, L-shaped, U-shaped.

Determining these parameters will help you visualize and understand what the finished structure will look like in your interior. Depending on the type of staircase you choose, you can equip it according to your needs.

Frame preparation and welding work

When starting to install a staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands, you should already have all the drawings according to which you will carry out the work.

Let's consider a simplified version of welding a broken stringer.

The secret is that there is no need to cut the pipe into small pieces, but you can make a step at a time:

we measure the place where there should be a right angle, and cut out an isosceles triangle so as not to damage one side of the profile pipe;
bend the pipe and get a step with a right angle;
We boil the resulting joint and move on to the next one;
Having received a broken stringer, we weld a metal plate onto each tread, on which the steps will be installed in the future.

A staircase connecting two floors of a building and made of a profile pipe is a fairly popular design today. Like all structures of this type, it is subject to strict requirements for both manufacturing and installation. First of all, it must be safe for moving people of different heights, weights and ages. Let's consider what an interfloor staircase made of a profile pipe is, what aspects you need to pay attention to when making this structure.

Stairs made of profile pipes

Profile steel pipe– metal material with high load-bearing capabilities. Therefore, a ladder made from it is a durable and reliable structure that meets all safety requirements. There are other advantages:

full combination with other materials;
opportunity to conduct different type finishing;
Can be used for indoor and outdoor installation;
installation is carried out at any stage of house construction, even with completed finishing of the premises;
simplicity of the assembly process.

Many people ask whether a DIY staircase made from a profile pipe will be reliable. The quality of assembly of a staircase structure depends on the experience of the work manufacturer, on his skills in working with different instruments, where the grinder and welding machine are the main ones. If there are no skills, it is better to place the responsibility of production on the shoulders of the master.

Dimensions of stairs

Dimensional parameters are the basis of manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what the limitations and requirements for the stairs themselves are.

The staircase made from a profile pipe is based on steps. It is their dimensions that are taken as the basis for the manufacture of the staircase structure. Required parameters:

tread depth: 20-32 cm,
tread width: 90-125 cm,
step height: 14-18 cm.

Dimensional parameters of stair steps

Regardless of the length and angle of inclination of the device, these parameters are strictly adhered to.

Types of stairs

There is a fairly wide variety of stairs made from profile pipes, which differ in their approach to purely structural forms and assembly elements. Here are a few varieties.

One of the frequently used options, which has proven its high load-bearing capacity.

Staircase on straight stringers

The model consists of two straight lines made from a profile pipe. Stepped tread elements made of the same material are installed and fastened on them.

Marching model with one central stringer

This model is one of the most difficult in terms of fitting elements to each other. This requires experience in this type of work. Often, metal stairs with one central profile pipe are used in small rooms. Where you need to save more free space.

With a central broken stringer

A subtype of the previous model, only it uses a broken line rather than a straight line. Interesting option in terms of unusual design and the ability to play on the size of the room.

Let us add that they assemble from a profile pipe turning stairs by 90° or 180° (with winder steps, intermediate platforms), screw models.

How to properly design a staircase

The parameters of the steps are known; now they need to be placed in the staircase structure. Therefore, make a small sketch on a piece of paper and draw necessary calculations regarding the number of steps. It is necessary to measure the height of the interfloor ceilings and the angle of inclination of the device.

WITH latest problems no, because there are standards that are taken as a basis - 25-45°. The height of the stairs is the distance between the already laid floor covering first floor and second.

Dimensions of the staircase structure

Calculation of the number of steps

Look at the photo above, which shows the size of the march length. It is determined by calculating the height of the stairs and the angle of inclination. Both indicators are known. You can calculate the length of the march using the formula indicated in the photo below.

Ratio of triangle sides to angle

For our situation, we need to determine the value of AC. From the lower formula, taking into account mathematical relationships, it is deduced that AC = BC / tan A. Tangent of the angle - table value.

The length of the march is derived by mathematical calculations. Now you need to calculate how many steps will fit on this segment. For example, if the length of the flight is 3 m, and the depth of the steps is 30 cm, then a profile staircase assembled according to these parameters will accommodate 10 steps.

Regarding the height of the steps. It is necessary to divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps. For example, the height of the structure is 2.5 m, divide this figure by 10, we get 25 cm.

Manufacturing technology

A staircase made from a profile pipe is a responsible structure. To carry out the work you will need the following tools:

welding machine,
grinder with cutting and grinding wheel,
locksmith's square,
tape measure, ruler, pencil.

Let's look at how to properly assemble a device based on broken . To do this, it is necessary to make blanks of material that define the parts of the stringer structures. There are two of them: to suit the size of the step and the riser. The parameters are derived mathematically from the calculation of the height and angle of inclination of the stairs.

Regarding the pipe profile. It is better to choose a section of 80x40 or 80x80 mm with a wall thickness of 3 mm. Let’s make a reservation right away: it is better to join the pipe elements together at an angle of 45°. A right angle joint is not maximally load-bearing. But this is not a strict requirement because small sizes Interfloor metal stairs can easily withstand the weight of 1-2 people.

Chopped parts of the stringer

The required number of elements are cut from a profile pipe of the selected size using a grinder. Supports for steps and risers are cut separately. Their number is multiplied by “2” at the rate of two broken lines.

Joining two elements

Waste material can be welded special device– a 90° conductor, with the help of which two elements are joined. This is where they begin welding work– tack of two pipes.

Two elements welded together

Ready stringer

The next stage is connecting the workpieces into ready product– . It is carried out using identical technology for joining and welding individual pipes.

Rules for assembling the second stringer

Fastening the ladder at the installation site

There are many options for attaching a staircase structure (frame) to the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second floor. It's easier with the ground floor. A simple option is to drive it into metal pins to which they are welded. Can be placed in concrete screed embedded part in the form metal sheet rectangular in shape, the ladder is welded to it.

Regarding the floor slab of the second floor, there are also several simple options. One of them is shown in the photo below. It clearly shows that the upper last step lies on top of the floor of the second floor, and is attached to the end of the slab with metal anchors. To do this, a rectangular metal plate is welded at its end.

Fastening a metal stringer from a profile pipe to the ceiling

Railings made of profile pipe

The pipe profile is often used to make railings. It is reliable, durable and beautiful. The height of the elements is a standardized parameter:

staircase height up to 6 m – railing height 90 cm;
staircase height more than 6 m – railing height 110 cm.

There is a huge variety of forms of railings for stairs where profile material is used. This will be clearly visible in the photo gallery below.

Photo gallery

180° rotatable staircase on two broken stringers from a profile pipe

An economical option, original with wide steps and well-designed and installed railings

A structure with a 90° rotation on two stringer supports with original fencing from profile pipe and square reinforcement

A complex staircase with several turns, winder steps, landings on one stringer made of a profile pipe

Staircase structure made of profile pipes: stringers and railings

Reading time ≈ 11 minutes

Construction interfloor stairs making pipes is a serious task that is most often entrusted to professionals. After all, safety and convenience of design are most important. But if you decide to make a staircase to the second floor from a profile pipe with your own hands, our drawings with calculations and photos will be useful to you.

Stairs from metal profile in the interior.

Advantages

Metal stairs, manufactured and installed independently in a private home, have some advantages over ready-made store-bought options made of wood and metal. At a minimum, they will be much cheaper in cost. Among other advantages:

durability, subject to proper calculation, manufacture and installation;
the ability to make a structure of any type and size;
harmonious combination of design with many interior styles;
speed of the manufacturing process;
the possibility of manufacturing and installation at any stage of building construction, including a staircase that can be built for a ready-made room;
the ability to produce a very compact, laconic design, which is especially important for small houses;
Thanks to the exceptional strength of the profile, the staircase can be made with a simplified version of the frame, which will reduce the duration of work and the size of the future structure.

We remind you that it is recommended to independently manufacture and install an interfloor staircase only if you have certain knowledge, experience, and skills in working with tools.

Profile stairs.

It is also worth remembering the following nuances if you decide to make a metal staircase:

The metal structure turns out to be quite impressive in weight, so during further finishing and design it is advisable not to make it additionally heavier. For example, use wood instead of concrete for steps, and make the railings not from metal, but from lightweight polymer materials.
Even if this is an interfloor structure in a house, it still needs to be treated with anti-corrosion compounds. This will extend the life of the product.
The metal elements of the stairs need to be welded. Some craftsmen recommend using bolts for fastening, but this method is very unreliable. It is better not to use it at all when making a structure from a profile.

Kinds

Metal profile is a universal material from which you can build any type of staircase.

Marching structures consist of one, two or more spans connected by turning platforms or sections with winder steps. The choice of the number of flights depends on the area that can be allocated for the stairs, as well as other features. It should be taken into account that single-flight elements provide more opportunities for using the space under the stairs. At the same time, double-flight structures are more compact.

In terms of safety and convenience, the transition platform between flights is preferable to winder steps - due to the different widths at the edge and the turning center, the risk of tripping and injury is much higher. Although the winder steps have a more original look.

Marching metal staircase.

Frame

You should also consider what types of frames there may be for a staircase structure made from a profile. After all, the same profile pipe can be source material for frames that are completely different in structure.

The frame on the central stringer turns out to be the most budget-friendly and economical in terms of using the profile. A single stringer design can be of two types:

Staircase with a central straight stringer.

Another version of the frame is also common - on two stringers. Obviously, it is more reliable, as it can withstand loads almost twice as high. The design of two stringers can also be straight or broken. In the first case, the structure resembles a bowstring, and for the steps an additional frame is created from a thinner profile and welded to the stringers. The broken structure consists of two stringers, cut and welded to the shape of the steps, sometimes supplemented with jumpers.

The frame on two stringers is straight and broken.

Profile selection

At the preparation and planning stage, it is necessary to decide on the choice of profile. To do this, you need to do some calculations.

Important! It is necessary to optimally select a profile according to the wall thickness for a specific staircase design. If the walls are too thick, the product will turn out to be excessively heavy, which will put pressure on the foundation. With very thin walls, the structure can quickly deform under loads.

The optimal section thickness is 5-7 mm. As for the width of the profile section, there is no clear answer. Pipes must be selected based on the design features.

for a frame with a single broken-type stringer in the center, you can choose a 6*8 cm profile;
for a frame with a single straight stringer, choose a profile with a section of 5*10 cm;
if the frame consists of two straight stringers, you can choose between profiles 6*8 cm and 5*10 cm. To make a frame for the step, a profile with a section of 2.5*2.5 cm is used separately.

In the table below you can see which profile parameters are most optimal for various loads on the span, taking into account its length:

Load per span depending on the length and parameters of the profile.

Initially, you need to decide on the dimensions of the staircase and its appearance, make calculations, draw or select a drawing. And only after that you can choose a profile.

Stair Options

What to consider when making a structure:

Number of spans.
Slope angle. Please note that this indicator must remain the same for all spans, regardless of their number.
The height of each span.
Step parameters: number, width, height. As with the angle of rise, the width and length of the steps should be the same throughout the entire length of the structure.
For two or more spans - type of connection (platform or winder steps).
Dimensions of the opening for the stairs.

All measurements must be carried out individually, because in each specific room they will be different. This is influenced by the height of the ceilings, the size of the area that can be allocated for the stairs, and other factors. You also need to take into account the average length of a human step, otherwise using the stairs will be uncomfortable.

Note. The opening under the stairs should begin at the point where the distance from the ceiling to the tread is 2 m. If this figure is less, there will be high risk head impact.

Another important aspect for calculation - parameters of the steps. In the photo below you can see treads with ideal dimensions - these proportions are also called the “formula of convenience and safety.”

Optimal parameters of steps.

Please note that in in this example a human step up to 64 cm in length is taken. Also keep in mind that the parameters of the steps directly depend on the steepness of the climb - the greater the angle of flight, the higher and narrower the treads will be.

Tip: the wider the step, the more comfortable it is to walk. To increase this parameter, you can make a protrusion at each step above the bottom by 5 cm, no more.

After taking all measurements and making calculations, it is necessary to sketch out a diagram of the staircase on paper by hand, with the obligatory marking of all dimensions of the structure.

The photo below shows a drawing and calculation of a staircase from a profile pipe to the second floor, which you can use to make the structure yourself:

Diagram of a staircase with a landing and two flights.

Staircase with three flights.

Staircase with two flights and winder steps.

Compact staircase on a stringer.

Step by step guide

So, now we can get down to business. Necessary materials:

profile pipe 6*8 cm;
profile pipe 2.5*2.5 cm (can be replaced with 3*3 cm);
fasteners for steps;
3 cm thick board for treads (you can use pine, but oak, beech, ash or maple is preferable).

Required tools:

welding machine;
grinder and wheels for cutting and grinding;
electric drill;
screwdriver and various drills for metal and wood;
jigsaw;
clamps.

It is advisable to work on a spacious, level area for correct production parts when cutting and welding.

Step by step manufacturing instructions:

To maintain perfectly precise design parameters, the working platform can be pre-marked - draw squares or rectangles on which the staircase elements will be laid out.
The entire profile pipe must be marked according to the drawing, then cut into constituent elements at an angle of 45 degrees. Markings can be applied with a pencil and ruler. You can use special templates to indicate the angle. It is important to first fix the profile well so that it does not move during the cutting process. The cut should be as smooth and neat as possible.
They need to be combined together to form a 90 degree angle. If there is a gap, one of the parts can be slightly adjusted.
The ends of the parts need to be sanded with a grinder.
When all the parts are cut out, they need to be laid out on the table according to the markings and secured with clamps. But this is only a preliminary fixation - the final fixation can be carried out only after checking all elements for perpendicularity.
Next, you need to make a small fixation of the elements using tacks - welding points. When one side is ready, the structure must be carefully turned over and tacked along the other side in the same way.
After this, the entire structure can be finally connected by welding.
Next, gently check the evenness of the element again. If everything is good, you can make the final fastening with a continuous weld. You need to move from the edges to the middle. When fastening one element, the structure must be turned over and this element must be immediately connected on the other side so that there is no deformation.
Next, the resulting frame needs to be cleaned and processed with a grinder. The result should be a smooth, even surface.
When the two parts of the frame are ready (if you are making a staircase with a double stringer), they need to be attached to each other and checked for identity. The two elements must match exactly.
Next, the stringers need to be degreased and coated with paint for metal surfaces.

Manufacturing process.

Thanks to geometric shape profile during the manufacture of the stairs there will be practically no waste left.

The frame can be attached in different ways. Most often, stringers are fixed to the floor and interfloor ceilings. If the structure must stand against the wall, then anchors and dowels are used. But such fastening is only possible for strong, reliable walls, and not interior walls with light lining.

To give rigidity to the steps, as well as to fasten the stringers together, after installing them, jumpers from a 2.5 * 2.5 cm profile are welded. After the frame is completed, the steps can be attached. To do this, holes are drilled on the top edge of the frame and in the treads. After this, they move on to the final part - installing fences.

Finishing the stairs.

You can decorate a cat staircase in different ways. For example, the metal part of the frame can be painted, choosing a neutral color or a color that contrasts with the entire interior. Also, the metal part can be completely closed by covering everything with plasterboard.

We hope our photos with drawings and calculations helped you figure out how to make a staircase from a profile pipe to the second floor with your own hands. Let us remind you that this event requires skills, a workplace and tools, so for beginners the task can be quite difficult.

In this video you can see the process of making a staircase from a profile: