The Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, also known as the Ivory Coast, is one of the countries located in West Africa. In the past it was a French colony, but today it is a completely independent state both territorially and politically. The country of Cote d'Ivoire is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean. By land, the state borders Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso and Guinea. The territory is 322,460 km. sq.
general information
This is one of the states in which there are at least five dozen ethnic groups. The capital of the country is the city of Yamoussoukro, which is home to almost 250 thousand people. Unlike most European countries, the capital is not always the main city.
In this state, for example, the main city is Abidjan, whose population is approximately 3 million people. The official language in Cote d'Ivoire is French, a relic of colonial times. In addition to the official one, there are a number of local languages, the most popular being Baule, Bete and Gyula. Compared to many others, this one is quite developed, and the standard of living of the population is quite good.
State symbols of Cote d'Ivoire
The state flag consists of three vertical stripes of equal size: orange, white and green. The first color symbolizes the savannah, the second - peace and unity, the third - forests and hope. There are other interpretations.
The main element of the state's coat of arms is the elephant, which is not only one of the most common animals in the state, but is even present in the name of the country. The national anthem was officially adopted as soon as the country became independent in 1960.
Geography
The territory of the state is predominantly flat, in the south there are tropical rainforests, and in the north there are tall grasses, as in most of Africa, it is very hot, in the south it is equatorial, in the north it is subequatorial. There are three in the country big rivers and several small ones. Komoe, Sassandra and Bandama are of practically no interest as transport routes, since they consist of many estuaries and rapids, and also periodically dry up.
Among natural resources there are many precious and expensive raw materials. For example, diamonds, gold, oil, gas, nickel, copper, manganese, cobalt, bauxite, etc. In Côte d’Ivoire, tourists can enjoy visiting various national parks. It is in this country that the most developed and beautiful sights of West Africa are located, and one of the parks is even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
History of Cote d'Ivoire
The map of the territory of this state, like many others, took shape over many thousands of years. A significant part of the peoples living in the modern country came from the northeastern and eastern parts of the continent. Over time, countries with a highly developed system of governance were founded on this territory.
During the Middle Ages, European merchants paved the way to Côte d'Ivoire. The Spaniards and Portuguese were the first to arrive in the country, and later the British and Dutch began to arrive. Hot goods for European merchants were ivory, gold, pepper, and ostrich feathers. Later, the country began to actively participate in the slave trade.
At the end of the 19th century, after long battles between local tribes and French troops, the territory of the country was occupied, and France turned it into its colony. Since 1958, the state has been declared a republic, part of the French Community. In 1960, on August 7, the country finally gained independence.
In the first 25 years after Côte d'Ivoire gained independence, the pace of development of the state continued to gain momentum. However, in 1987, due to a decrease in prices for goods supplied by the country on the world market, a serious decline began in the state's economy.
- Although officially celebrated in France on August 7th, due to field work, most of the population celebrates it on December 7th.
- Residents of the state are very musical. They have a lot of different dances for every significant event. For example, harvest dance, fisherman dance, etc.
- Previously, the country was famous for its forests. Now, most valuable tree species have been destroyed due to fires, land clearing and other reasons.
Conclusion
Like most African countries, today Côte d'Ivoire cannot boast good performance development or an excellent standard of living. However, the state still occupies certain niches in the world market. For example, Cote d'Ivoire is the largest supplier of cocoa in the world and the third largest supplier of coffee. Although there are not many enterprises with highly qualified personnel, the agricultural market still helps the country's economy stay afloat.
Details Category: West African countries Published 03/18/2015 12:15 Views: 2073Until 1986, in Russian the name of the state sounded exactly like this: Republic of Ivory Coast.
The elephant is the country's most valuable animal and a source of ivory. The country was named after this. Cote d'Ivoire – former colony France.
Ivory Coast is a country of great ethnic diversity, with more than 60 ethnic groups.
It borders Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana, and from the south it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean.
State symbols
Flag– is a rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 2:3 with vertical stripes of orange, white and green.
The orange stripe symbolizes the savanna and the fertility of the land in the north of the country, the white stripe symbolizes peace and unity, and the green stripe symbolizes hope and forests in the south of the country.
The flag of Niger has similar colors and the same interpretation, on which orange, white and green stripes are located horizontally. The flag was adopted on December 4, 1959.
Coat of arms– in the center of the emblem is the head of an elephant. This is the most common animal in Côte d'Ivoire, a source of ivory, in honor of which the country and people are named. The rising sun is a traditional symbol of a new beginning. The name of the state is written on the ribbon below in French. The coat of arms was adopted in 2001.
State structure
Form of government- presidential republic.
Head of State– President, elected by direct vote for a term of 5 years with the possibility of re-election once. He appoints and removes the prime minister.
Incumbent since 2011 Alassane Ouattara
Head of the government- Prime Minister.
Capital- Yamusukro.
The largest city- Abidjan.
Official language- French. There are about 60 African languages, of which the most widely spoken is Gyula(language of intertribal communication).
Territory– 322,460 km².
Administrative division– 19 regions, which are divided into 81 departments and 2 districts.
Population– 22,400,835 people. Average life expectancy: 55 years for men, 57 years for women. Urban population about 50%.
Religion– Muslims 39%, Christians 33% (represented by Catholics, Pentecostals from the Assemblies of God, Methodists, Adventists), aboriginal cults 11%, atheists 17%.
Currency– CFA franc.
Economy– well developed Agriculture; important producer of cocoa (first place in the world) and coffee (third place in the world).
Relatively good infrastructure. Growing oil and gas industry, significant foreign investment. The country is Africa's largest exporter of palm oil and natural rubber. The main export crops, in addition to cocoa and coffee, include bananas, cotton, sugar cane, and tobacco. Also developed cultivation coconut tree, peanuts.
Wood harvesting
In the forests, valuable species of wood are harvested (including black (ebony) wood), and Hevea juice is collected (for the production of rubber). Sheep and goats are bred for agricultural needs; commercial fishing is carried out.
Oil and gas are produced mainly on the continental shelf. Deposits of nickel, manganese and iron ores, bauxite, diamonds and gold are also being developed. Export: cocoa, coffee, timber, oil, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish. Import: petroleum products, industrial goods, food.
Education– literacy: 60% men, 38% women. Primary 6-year education is compulsory from the age of 6. Secondary 7-year education from age 12 takes place in two cycles. A network of educational institutions providing vocational and technical education has been created. The higher education system includes 3 universities and 8 colleges.
Sport- most popular look– football.
The country's football team at the 2010 World Cup.
Armed forces– the national army was formed in 1961. The armed forces consist of ground forces, air force, navy, paramilitary presidential guard and a 10,000-strong contingent of reservists. Gendarmerie and police units. people In December 2001, compulsory military service was introduced.
Nature
A tropical forest
It is a predominantly flat country, the coastal zone is covered with dense tropical forests. In the north and center of the country there is a vast savannah. The climate is equatorial in the south and subequatorial in the north.
The main rivers are Sassandra, Bandama and Comoe. None of them are navigable more than 65 km from the mouth due to numerous rapids and a sharp decrease in water levels during the dry season.
There are many national parks, in this regard the country ranks one of the first in West Africa.
African leopard
Fauna: jackals, hyenas, leopards, elephants, chimpanzees, crocodiles, antelopes, hippos, buffalos, cheetahs, wild boars, lions, monkeys, panthers, etc. Several types of lizards and poisonous snakes. A lot of fish.
Culture
Traditional folk dwelling
Wooden sculpture, including ritual masks, is popular. In addition to traditional figurines depicting ancestors, animals and patron spirits, Baule craftsmen make small toy figures for children.
House painting
Artistic folk crafts are developed: weaving baskets and mats from ropes, straw and reeds, pottery, painting external parties houses, manufacturing jewelry made of bronze, gold and copper, weaving.
The production of batik is developed - original paintings on fabrics depicting animals or plant patterns.
Professional art began to develop after independence. Famous artist Kadjo Jdeims Hura.
Artist Ben Heine born in 1983 in Abidjan (Republic of Cote d'Ivoire), and now lives and works in Brussels. He is not only a talented illustrator, but also a polyglot: he is fluent in English, French and Dutch, and also speaks a little Polish , Spanish and Russian.Exhibitions of his works are held in many countries around the world.
He recently unveiled a series of huge 3D pencil drawings. Their highlight is that the master himself gets “inside” virtual reality, at least, looking at the paintings, this is exactly the impression one gets.
Modern literature based on the traditions of oral folk art and develops mainly in French. The most important of the writers is considered to be a poet, prose writer and playwright Bernard Dadier.
Music and dance art is an important part of the culture of the peoples of Côte d'Ivoire. musical instruments Balafons, tom-tom drums, guitars, kora (xylophone), rattles, horns, harps and lutes, rattles, trumpets and flutes are common.
In 1938, the Native Theater was created in Abidjan.
The first film “On the Dunes of Solitude” was shot by director T. Basori in 1963.
Tourism
Conditions for the development of the tourism industry are good: favorable climate, rich diversity of flora and fauna, sandy beaches coast of the Gulf of Guinea and the original culture of local peoples. Attractions in Abidjan: National Museum (traditional arts and crafts, including a rich collection of masks), Chardy art gallery.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ivory Coast
Mont Nimba
A protected area in the Nimba Mountains in the territories of Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire.
The reserve contains three main types of vegetation: mountain meadows, forests and savanna. Meadows grow on the top of the mountain. Lower down the slope there are myrtaceae. Forests are mainly located in the valleys and at the foot of the mountain. Endemic species also live on the territory of the reserve. The viviparous toad is found here, as well as the western subspecies of chimpanzee.
Tai National Park
Located in the west of the country, on the border with Liberia. Created to protect one of the last tracts of equatorial rainforest in West Africa.
It is located at an altitude of 80 to 396 m, the highest point is Mount Nyenokue. The park is located on a plateau intersected by several deep valleys. All drainage from the park occurs in the Kavalya River basin. There are swamps in the southwest of the park.
The park is the last large remnant of the Upper Guinea forest, which once occupied the territories of modern Ghana, Togo, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. About 90% of the Ivory Coast's tropical forests have been destroyed in the last 50 years. 1300 species grow in the park higher plants, of which about 50 are endemic.
Among the mammals, there are 11 species of monkeys, including chimpanzees and several species of monkeys, pygmy hippopotamus, bongo, African buffalo, and several species of duikers.
The elephant population is about 750 individuals.
Comoe National Park
Established in 1977, the park was originally designated a World Heritage Site due to the diversity of plants along the banks of the Comoe River, including intact areas of tropical rainforest.
The floodplains along the Comoe River create seasonal grasslands that provide grazing land for the hippopotamus population. Three existing types African crocodiles (Nile, African narrow-snouted and blunt-snouted) live in various areas of the park, and migratory birds use its seasonal wetlands. The park is home to rare species of animals: the golden-helmeted kalao, the hyena-like dog, and the blunt-snouted crocodile.
Golden-helmed kalao
wild dog
Historic city of Grand-Bassam
French colonial capital from 1893 to 1896, when administration was moved to Bingerville following an outbreak of yellow fever. Grand-Bassam remained the main port of the colony until the 1930s, when this function was transferred to Abidjan.
Other attractions of the country
Abidjan
The largest city in Cote d'Ivoire and the second most populous French-speaking city in the world after Paris. Its population is 3,802,000 people. Located on 4 peninsulas on the shores of the Ebrier Lagoon. Founded in 1896.
Yamoussoukro
Presidential palace
The administrative capital of Cote d'Ivoire. Yamoussoukro is home to the largest church in the world - the Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Paix, the architecture of which is reimagined based on the motifs of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome.
The building, 158 m high, accommodates 7,000 seated parishioners and another 11,000 for standing parishioners. For the construction of the basilica, marble was imported from Italy and colored glass from France.
Story
In the territory of modern Cote d'Ivoire in the 1st century BC they lived pygmies(a group of short Negroid peoples). It was the time of the Stone Age, the pygmies were engaged in hunting and gathering. Gradually, other African peoples began to move here, the first of them being the Senufo.
In the XV-XVI centuries. The Mande tribes came from the north, pushing back the Senufo. At the beginning of the 18th century. The Mande created the state of Kong, which became an important trading and Islamic center in West Africa.
Colonial period
The first Europeans began to land on the shores of modern Cote d'Ivoire in the 15th century. First of all, they were the Portuguese, as well as the Dutch and Danes. The Europeans bought ivory, gold, and slaves from the aborigines.
But the first settlers were French missionaries who landed there in 1637. Their first settlement was destroyed by the aborigines. In 1687 a new French mission was created.
Since 1842, a new wave of French interest in the Ivory Coast began. They restored the fort of Grand-Bassam and their protectorate over almost all the coastal tribes.
From 1887, within two years, the French concluded treaties with most of the tribes from the coast to the modern northern border of the country. In 1892, borders were established with Liberia, and in 1893 with the British colony of the Gold Coast (modern Ghana).
In 1895, Ivory Coast was incorporated into French West Africa. The French began to develop the production of export crops there (coffee, cocoa, bananas, etc.), mine diamonds, gold, manganese ore, and develop forest resources. They also developed infrastructure: they built railways, highways, and seaports.
In 1946, Ivory Coast was granted the status of an overseas territory of France. In March 1958, the Autonomous Republic of Ivory Coast was proclaimed.
Independence
The country's independence was proclaimed on August 7, 1960. Leader of the Democratic Party Houphouet-Boigny became its president.
The principle of the inviolability of private property was proclaimed, but the country continued to remain an agricultural and raw material appendage of France, albeit with a good economy: in 1979, the Ivory Coast became the world leader in the production of cocoa beans.
But in the 1980s. prices for coffee and cocoa on world markets fell, and in 1982-1983. There was a severe drought in the country. The economic recession began. In 1993, Houphouët-Boigny died, and the country was led by Henri Conan Bedier.
At the end of the 1990s. political instability increased. On December 25, 1999, a military coup took place in the country, organized by Robert Guei, a former army officer. He held presidential elections in 2000, but did not win them; the leader of the opposition was recognized as the winner of the elections Laurent Gbagbo.
On September 19, 2002, a military mutiny was carried out against him in Abidjan, organized by Robert Guei. During the rebellion, Gaei was killed. The rebellion was suppressed, but served as the beginning of a civil war between political factions representing the north and south of the country.
Since late 2002, Liberia has intervened in the conflict. France took Gbagbo’s side and helped the president with its armed forces.
In 2003, an agreement was reached between the official authorities and the rebels to end the clashes, but the situation continued to remain unstable.
A lasting peace agreement was only signed in the spring of 2007.
At the end of 2010, presidential elections were held in Côte d'Ivoire, which resulted in an acute political crisis, and then civil war. During a joint operation between the UN and French troops, Laurent Gbagbo was removed from power and became the new president Alassane Ouattara.
COTE DIVOIRE - Republic of Cote d'Ivoire.
Côte d'Ivoire is a state in the outskirts of Central Africa. In the south there is the Guinea Hall. At-lan-ti-che-sko-go ocean (length of the coastal line 515 km). Gra-ni-chit on the se-ve-re with Ma-li and Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, on the east with Ga-na, on the back-pa-de with Li-be-ri- her and Guinea. Area 322.5 thousand km2. Population 20.8 million people (2008). Sto-li-tsa - Yamu-suk-ro. The official language is French. The monetary unit is the CFA franc. Administrative-territorial division: 19 regions (table).
Côte d'Ivoire is a member of the UN (1960), IMF (1963), IBRD (1963), WTO (1995), African Union (1963, until 2002 OAU).
Political system
Cote d'Ivoire is a unitary state. Constitution pri-nya-ta on July 23, 2000. Form of government - pre-zi-dent res-pub-li-ka.
The head of state and executive power is the president, elected at all-general elections for 5 years (with the right of one th re-re-iz-bra-niya). The candidate must be over 40 years old, a citizen of Côte d'Ivoire and have resided in the country continuously for 5 years before the election . The President is the Supreme Chief, but he is the Prime Minister, a member of new government and other senior officials.
The highest legislative body is the one-pa-lat par-la-ment (National Assembly), from the bi-rae-my na-se-le- no for 5 years.
Government - Council of Ministries, functions under the leadership of the Prime Minister.
In Côte d'Ivoire there is a multi-parti-tiy system. Leading political parties: Ivu-a-r-popular front, Democratic party, Ob-e-di-non-res-pub-li- kan-tsev.
Nature
The coastline of the Gulf of Guinea is weak, in the western part - rocky, in the eastern part - flat, dog -cha-nye, with a long chain of la-gun (over 300 km, the largest - Eb-rie, Abi, Ehi), connected with mo- we are building an artificial sewer in the area of the city of Abid-zhan.
Cote d'Ivoire is located in the southern part of Se-ve-ro-Guinea-high-elevation. In the relief of the territory of the country, the pre-ob-la-da-has weakly-divided plains with an altitude of 200-500 m. The western part is beyond -no-ma-yut tso-col-nye de-well-yes-qi-on-nye flat-mountain-rya and high-height-no-sti. In the extreme beyond, in the territory of Côte d'Ivoire, they come from Leo-no-Li-be- Riy mountains (massi-you Dan, Tu-ra) height up to 1752 m (mountain Nim-ba, the highest point of the country). In the eastern part of the country-country there are elevated de-well-yes-qi-he-plains, the surface of which is hourly then os-lozh-ne-na granit-ny-mi os-tan-tsa-mi (so-called in-zel-ber-ga-mi). Transition to the Ak-ku-mu-la-tiv seaside low-men-no-sti of the Gulf of Guinea in the south of Côte d'Ivoire exactly where you are -wives se-ri-ey po-ro-gov and vo-do-pa-dov.
Geo-logical structure and useful resources.
Ter-ri-to-ria C. d'Ivoire lo-ka-li-zu-et-sya in the south-eastern part of the early Af-ri-kan-sko-go kra-to-on the Af-ri-kan-skaya platform. On the surface you come to the ran-not-pro-te-ro-zoi-skie me-ta-mor-fi-zo-van-vul-ka-no-gen-no-ter -ri-gen-nye-ro-dy Bir-Roman-go belt-sa eastern. parts of Leo-no-Li-be-ri-sko-th shield, torn edges. On the coastal low-men-no-sti of the Gulf of Guinea there are neo-gen-quaternary sea and al-lu-vi-al - sediments that re-cover more ancient car-bo-nat-no-ter-ri-gene deposits.
The most important mineral resources of Côte d'Ivoire are gold (places of Iti, An-go-via, Sub- re, etc.), oil and natural combustible gas (offshore places of Bao-bab, Es-pu-ar, Lai-on, Pan- ter). There are places of al-ma-zov (indigenous and dew-rich), ores of mar-gan-tsa, iron-le-za, me- di, ni-ke-la, ko-bal-ta, nio-biya and tan-ta-la, bok-si-tov, as well as cement raw materials, quar-tse-vyh sand, clay, gravel, stone, etc.
In the southern part of the country, the climate is e-va-to-ri-al-ny, very yang-but-humid. On the coast you get from 1800 (Abid-zhan) to 2300 (Ta-bu) mm of precipitation per year, relative humidity is possible spirit during the whole year does not drop below 75%. In the eastern part of the coastal region there are two periods with the maximum amount of precipitation (March - July and October - November - November, over 100 mm of precipitation per month) and two very dry periods (December - February and August - September - September ). You get the least amount of rain (less than 50 mm) in January and February. In zap. partly on the coast from-me-cha-e-t one short-time from-no-si-tel-but dry period in January -re - February (less than 50 mm of precipitation), and in the remaining months of the year (from March to December) you-pa-da- There is more than 100 mm of precipitation every month, the rainiest month is June (more than 500 mm). The annual variation of the air temperature is equal: the average temperature of the hottest months (March - April) is 27-28 ° C, sa- wet cold (August - September - September) 24-25 °C.
Su-be-k-va-to-ri-al-ny climate of the central and northern parts of the country ha-rak-te-ri-zu-et-sya less amount of precipitation and you clearly have a seasonal uv-laz-no-no-ness. On the plains you receive about 1100 mm of precipitation per year, in the north of the pas deux, in the foothills of the Leo-no-Li-beri mountains mountains, - 1300-1500 mm (on the slopes of Mount Nim-ba - up to 2200 mm). Duration of rainfall in the season for 7-8 months (March - October), the largest amount of precipitation you are in July - September (more than 150 mm per month). Average temperatures range from 23-24 °C (December - July) to 28-29 °C (February - March). In the mountainous regions of north-western countries, the climate is cooler (at an altitude of 1500 mm, average temperatures are 16-19 °C) . In the dry season in the territory of Cote d'Ivoire, the north-eastern dry wind - har-ma-tan - dominates.
Inland waters.
The river network is dense, and lies chiefly in the basin of the Gwyney Hall. Main rivers: Ban-da-ma (bass-sein square in the country's pre-deals 97 thousand km2, length 1050 km), Ko-moe (78 thousand km2, 1160 km ), Sa-san-d-ra (75 thousand km2, 650 km), Ka-val-li (15 thousand km2, 700 km). A small part of the territory in the north of the country (23.7 thousand km2) from no-sit to the basin of the river. Ni-ger (re-ki Bau-le, Ba-goe). Because of the rapids in the middle and lower regions, most of the rivers are not su-do-able. Significance of ko-le-ba-niya river flow by season. The river valleys are weak, that's why in the summer there are regular occurrences on-water-not-niya. For the be-re-go-howy zone ha-rak-ter-ny in-tru-zia mor. water (annual volume 0.74 km3). Created, yes, but several times. for storage: Ko-su on the river. Ban-da-ma (area 1500 km2), Buyo on the river. Sa-san-d-ra (area 900 km2), Aya-me on the river. Bio (area 186 km2).
Every year, new water resources amount to 81.14 km3, water supply - 4853 m3/person per year (2002). Most of the water consumed (67%) goes to agricultural needs (the area of irrigated land is 72.8 thousand hectares, 2003), 22% goes to -mu-nal-but-that-would-have-been-supplied, 11% are required by industrial enterprises.
Soil, plant and living world. The distribution of the main types of soils is subject to wide-zonal dimensional restrictions. In the forest zone in the west. Parts of the country in the basins of the rivers Ka-val-li and Sa-san-d-ra pre-ob-la-da-yut red-yellow and red fer-ral- lithic soils. In the east, next to the red-yellow soils, there are a few yellow fer- ral-lit-nye. On the seaside ak-ku-mu-la-tiv-niz-men-no-sti the formation of marching soils was formed. In the Le-so-sa-vann zone, a complex of fer-ral-lite soils and fer-ro-zems has developed. In the central part of the country, in the lower parts of the country, there are black tropical soils. In the zone, sa-vann pre-ob-la-da-yut fer-ro-ze-we; a significant area is covered by ancient (at the top-level heights of 350-550 m) and young (150-200 m) os-tat-ki la-te-rit-nykh kor you-vet-ri-va-niya (ki-ra-sy). In the valleys of large rivers there are areas of hydromorphic al-luvial soils.
The flora includes over 3.5 thousand species of higher plants (of which over 100 are under threat of extinction, over 60 en-de-mich-ny). In the southern regions of the country, the pre-o-la-give st-yang-but-humid ever-green and half-fox-fallen forests Guinea zone. In the ever-green forests, shi-ro-ko tree-springs from the seeds of legumes appear (par-kiya, pip-ta -de-niya, erit-rof-le-um, etc.). In the half-fox-and-fallen forests there are many species from the families of mallows, ster-ku-lie-s, and elms and here and there. For both their types of le-sov ha-rak-ter-ny de-re-vya with a valuable tree-ve-si-noy - en-tan-d-rof-rag-ma and kaya. In modern ras-tit. the forest cover 7.1 million hectares (2002), during the period of farming. development of the territory, the area of forests has decreased and will continue to shrink -xia. The rate of deprivation in Côte d'Ivoire is the highest in Africa and one of the highest in the world (up to 7 % in year). Reasons for deprivation: le-so-for-go-to-commodities (including illegal ones), expansion of the plan-ta- tion ka-kao, ko-fe and one-year-old cult-tur (ku-ku-ru-za, rice, ma-ni-ok, ba-nan). In the place of the new ever-green forests, there would be a pre-established pio-ner-naya plant. body-ness (fun-tu-miya, ho-lar-re-na).
To the north of the Guinean zone, with an increase in the length of the su-ho-season up to 3-4 months -sa change-nya-yut-sya le-so-sa-van-na-mi. Typical high-grass sa-vans of the Su-dan zone, covering 1/3 of the country’s territory, dis- -countries in the northern part. Of the ancient species for sa-baths ha-rak-ter-ny pre-sta-vi-te-li bo-bo-vyh --bur-key, af-ze-lia, iso-ber- line, as well as com-bre-tum, lo-fi-ra, etc. The soil-vein cover is represented by evil from the clans of pa-ni- godfather, an-d-ro-po-gon, elio-nu-rus, etc., che-re-duyu-schi-mi-sya with za-ros-la-mi kus-tar-ni-kov from bau- hi-nii, com-bre-tu-ma and gar-de-nii. Along the rivers in the area of sa-vann da-le-ko to the north there are ga-le-ray-nye forests with pre-ob-la-da-ni-em qi-no-meters. On the peri-rio-di-che-ski for the p-lya-my teaching-st-kah river floodplains there is pre-ob-la-da-et gi-par-re-niya. In the zo-ne sa-vann shi-ro-ko raz-vi-bo-gar-noe earth-le-de-lie (ku-ku-ru-za, rice, peanuts, cotton-chat-nick) , you-ra-schi-va-yut-sya mas-la-noe de-re-vo (ka-ri-te), man-go, etc.
In the mountains of the north-western part of the country you have the same height of clarity. The lower parts of the slopes are behind-nya-you ever-but-ze-le-ny-mi ek-va-to-ri-al-ny-mi le-sa-mi (lo-fi-ra, hl-ro-for-ra, ter-mi-na-lia, etc.), at an altitude of 600-1600 m they are replaced by eda-phic sa-vans with ga-le-rey-ny-mi le-sa-mi. Higher races, you have mountainous meadows with Afro-Al-Piy-t-tel-no-ness and learning re -the face of the high-mountain forests.
The living world is rich and unique.
The fauna includes 230 species of melting mammals (19 are in danger of extinction), over 250 species of nests living birds (12 under the threat of extinction), 125 species of the most repentant and approx. 40 land-aquatic species, including a living toad. There are especially many and different types of monkeys (over 10 species of primates), among them are pa- vi-an anu-bis, mar-tysh-ki (dia-na, mo-na, etc.), ko-lo-bu-sy, western sub-species shim-pan-ze, outside -sen-ny in the IUCN Red Book, as well as sweat and ha-la-go. There are known 28 types of couples: bo-ro-da-voch-nick, kis-te-eared pig, en-de-mich-ny for the West. Af-ri-ki kar-li-ko-vy be-ge-mot, different-but-about-different po-lo-ro-gies (bush-bok, do-ke-ry, bon-go, si -ta-tun-ga, ori-bi, lo-sha-di-naya an-ti-lo-pa, water-dya-noy and swamp goats, Af-ri-kan-buy- ox), etc. Over 25 species of predators, including different types of species (ge-not-you, qi-ve-you), among -di rare species - le-o-pard, golden Af-ri-kan cat, ge-no-vid-naya so-ba-ka. For the fauna of Côte d'Ivoire, lizards and trumpets are the same. Once upon a time, the African elephant was widely distributed in the territory of the country and no longer inhabits it. in the pre-de-la oh-ra-nya-my territories. On ter-ri-to-rii re-zer-va-ta Abu-kua-mek-ro in-tro-du-tsi-ro-van white no-so-horn. There are still a lot of birds (fran-ko-li-ny, me-do-ukaz-chi-ki, ti-mel-lii, clear-t-re-bi-nye, etc. ), snakes (pi-to-ny, etc.). In the rivers there are kro-ko-di-ly: Nil-sky, Af-ri-kan-sky narrow-skinned and tu-snout-ly. Ras-pro-stra-ne-na mu-ha tse-tse. The diversity of their fauna in coastal waters is great (over 250 species of fish).
The system of oh-ra-nya-my natural territories is dos-ta-precisely but re-pre-zen-ta-tiv-na and oh-va-you-va - ok. 17% of the country's area. The list of All-world-but-next includes national. parks Ko-moe (area 1.15 thousand hectares, one of the largest in Western Africa) and Tai (one of the largest massifs in Ma-lo-na -ru-shen-humid ever-green forests), from-not-hay-also to bio-sphere-reserves-there UNESCO, trans- Boundary reservoir of Mont-Nim-ba (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea).
Population
The majority of people in the village of Côte d'Ivoire speak the following languages: in in the south-east of the country the Kwa people live (31%), including the Akan - 26% (Bau-le 16%, Anyi 4.4%) and La-gun -nye-ro-dy; on se-ve-ro-vo-sto-ke - gur (18.2%, including mo-si 12%, ku-lan-go, lo-bi, lig-bi, etc.); on se-ve-re - se-nu-fo (9.6%); in the south-pas-de-cru (8.5%, including be-te 3.4%, ge-re and vo-be 2.9%, di-da, gre-bo, nyab -va, go-dieu, kru-men, ai-zi, bak-ve, etc.) etc.; in the west, se-ve-ro-za-pas-de and se-ve-ro-in-stock - man-de-lingual peoples (28.7%), including man -den 19.4% (malinke 9.6%, bam-ba-ra 5%, du-la 2.4%, Mau, vo-ro-du-guka, etc.), southern man-de - 8.3% (dan 4.4%, gu-ro 2.6%, ben, tu-ra, mu-an, uan, yau-re, etc.), as well as so-nin-ke, bo -zo, bi-sa, etc. In the cities of Cote d'Ivoire there are also Ful-be (2.1%), Hau-sa (0.6%), Yoru-ba ( 0.5%), Arabs (0.3%), French, Germans, English, etc.
Since the second half of the 20th century, the country’s population has increased more than five times (3.9 million people in 1960; 20.8 million people in 2008); the average rate of natural growth of the population is declining (2.2% in 2008; 4.4% in 1973- 1982). The birth rate (32.7 per 1000 inhabitants; 2008) significantly exceeds the mortality rate (11.2 per 1000 inhabitants). Po-ka-za-tel fer-til-no-sti 4.2 children per 1 woman; infant mortality rate is 69.8 per 1000 live-days. In the age structure, the pre-ob-la-da-et on-the-se-le-tion of work-up-of-age (15-64 years ) - 56.3%, the share of children under 14 years old is 40.9%, persons 65 years old and older - 2.8%. The average age in the village is 19 years (2008). The average life expectancy is 54.6 years (men - 53.9, women - 55.4 years). The ratio of men and women is approximately equal. Sal-to external mi-gra-tions, most of the labor mi-grants come from neighboring countries (mostly from Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, Ma-li, Guinea). The average population density is 64.5 people/km2 (2008; one of the highest in Tropical Africa). The most densely populated area is the south of the country (up to 384 people/km2 in the Abidzhan region, 106.2 people/km2 in the From-ma-zhe region). In northern, eco-but-less developed areas, the average population density is significantly lower (14.6 people/km2 in Den-ge-le region). To the mountains. on-se-le-niya would-st-ro-increase-li-chi-va-et-sya due to the hundred-yan-no-th rural residents and them- mi-grants (24% in 1965; 42% in 1985; over 50% in 2008). Large cities (thousand people, 2008): Abi-jan (3900), Bua-ke (624.5), Da-loa (234.7), Yamu-suk-ro (227 ), Ko-ro-go (200.2), San Ped-ro (160.2). The economy employs 6.9 million people, of which approx. 68% in agriculture (2007). The unemployment rate is 40% (estimate). 42% of the country's population lives below the poverty line (2006).
Religion
About 40% of the population (2006 estimate) of Côte d'Ivoire is mu-sul-ma-ne-sun-ni-ty, about 28% is Christian (including h. about 19% - ka-to-li-ki, about 6% - pro-test-tan-you), approx. 30% are adherents of traditional cults. There are also female believers of Af-rokh-ri-sti-an-sin-kre-ti-che-cults (har-rizm, etc.), Bud-di -sty, in-dui-sty, ba-hai-you, etc.
Act-st-vu-yut 4 mi-tro-poly and 11 dio-tse-zov of the Roman Church. The largest pro-tes-tant organization is the United Me-to-di-st-church of Cote d'Ivoire (founded in 1924 year, self-sustaining status since 1985). The right-glorious parishes are held in the juris-dik-tsi-and Alek-san-d-riy-sky right-glorious church.
Is-to-ri-che-sky essay
Côte d'Ivoire is not yet available. Ar-cheo-logical discoveries (so-called non-o-li-tical mas-ter-skie along the banks of rivers) evidence-de-tel-st-vu-yut about for -se-le-nii ter-ri-to-rii Cote d'Ivoire in the stone century. In the III-II millennia BC. e. in the sa-van-ny zone, and then in the forest zone, the development of land began; in the 1st millennium AD e. a wide-ranging race of industrial production, pottery making, weaving -wow, that's a lot of gold. At the beginning of the 2nd millennium, those who came from the se-ve-ro-behind the na-ro-dy se-nu-fo settled here; The city of Kong, founded by them, became one of the largest centers of kar-ra-van trade in Western Africa. In the XV-XVI centuries, se-nu-fo were from-tes-ne-ny in the se-ve-ro-za-pad man-de-language-ny-mi na-ro-da-mi (ma-lin -ke, diu-la, etc.), creating a state education centered in Kong at the beginning of the 18th century. In the 15th century, in the area between the rivers Ka-moe and Black Vol-ta, a state was formed in the region of Ab-ron - Bo-no; on the other side of the river Ban-da-ma is the ran-ne-go-sovereign organization of Anya and Bau-le. The northern part of the territory of Cote d'Ivoire is included in the sphere of influence of the states of Western Sou-da-na - Ga-ny, Ma-li and Son-gay.
At the end of the 15th century, on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, Europeans, mainly Portu-Galians, became ivory bone from here (the name of the country is Côte d'Ivoire translated from the French language oz-na-cha-et Be-reg Slo-no -how Kos-ti, BSK), gold and slaves. On-cha-lo ko-lo-ni-za-tion of Côte d'Ivoire po-lo-zhi-li in 1637, the French mis-sio-ne-ry. In the 1840s, the French settled on the coast of Cote d'Ivoire, in the 1880s they began to move into deep into the country. In 1887-1889, France on-via-za-la a number of so-called. so-yuz-nich. to the lords of the African states and the lords of the tribes. In 1892, according to the French-Liberian convention, there were op-re-de-le-ny borders of the French dominions and Li-Beriya ( Subsequently, the decisions of the convention were re-negotiated more than once in favor of France), in 1893 French-British con-ven-tion - borders with the British co-lo-ni-y Zo-lo-ta Be-reg.
In 1893, the BSK was announced to the co-lo-tion of France (before that, the French-occupied territories of ad-mi- neither-st-ra-tiv-but entered into the composition of the Se-ne-gal colony), in 1895 included in the French Western Af-ri-ki. The main industry of the co-lo-ni-al-no-eco-no-mi-ki BSK has become the mining industry (extracting gold, al-ma-zov, mar-gan-tse-voy ore), as well as the development of forest wealth; po-lu-chi-lo development plan-tats. house-st-vo, kul-ti-vi-ro-va-li ex-port kul-tu-ry - ka-kao, coffee-fe, ba-na-ny.
At the end of the 1930s, trade unions and public organizations of Africans arose in the BSK, you stood with the demand -va-niya-mi gives them political rights. In October 1946, BSK received status in the overseas territory of France (within the framework of the French Society); part of the village of BSK began to participate in the elections of representatives of the French par-la-ment, as well as in the general -ral council of ter-ri-to-rii, on-de-leny with substantive functions (in 1952, pre-ra-zo-van in ter-ri- to-ri-al-nuyu representative as-samb-ley, in 1958 - to the educational as-samb-ley). In 1946, the first party of the African nation was created - the Democratic Party (DP; ter-ri-to-ri-al-naya section Af-ri-kan-sko-go de-mo-kra-ti-che-sko-go ob-e-di-ne-niya) led by D.F. Houphoue-Bu-a-nyi. According to the agreement of 1956, Houphouet-Bu-a-nyi participated in the development of something, everything was introduced -general electoral law, up-divided division of bi-ra-te-leys into two cur-rias (African and European) ro-pay-skaya), the rights of the ter-ri-to-ri-al-noy for-co-dative as-samb-ley have expanded. According to the re-zul-ta-there re-fe-ren-du-ma, on September 28, 1958, BSK received the status of a state member of the French Co. -society. There was a sfor-mi-ro-va-but pra-vi-tel-st-vo, Ufue-Bu-a-nyi became his pre-se-da-te-lem.
Cote d'Ivoire since 1960.
The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire was pro-voz-gla-she-on August 7, 1960. She left the French Society, but maintained close ties with the former. metro-po-li-ey (in 1961, the government of Côte d'Ivoire entered into a series of agreements with France on eco-friendly -no-mic and military cooperation). In November 1960, there was a constitution of the country. Formally, but she did not for-shall the activities of the op-positional political party, but in fact the unity of the party The DP was recognized by the second party of Côte d'Ivoire, under the control of which all trade unions and -social organization. In November 1960, the DP won election to the National Council, then D.F. Houphoue-Bu-a-nyi was elected pre-zi-den-tom of the res-pub-li-ki. The subsequent presidential and par-lamentary elections also pro-ho-di-li on a non-al-ter-na-tiv-noy OS -but-ve. Pra-vi-tel-st-vo pro-vo-di-lo-li-beral-nuyu eco-no-mich. po-li-ti-ku; a course was taken to attract foreigners. ka-pi-ta-la, development of the cha-st-no-go before-pri-ni-ma-tel-st-va. In the 1960-1980s, the rate of economic growth was very high (due to the use of funds received from ex -por-ta ko-fe and ka-kao-bo-bov), which is in many ways a way to support the internal ri-po-li-tich. stability in the republic.
In the 1980s, following the rise of world prices for coffee and eco-no-mi-ka, countries entered into -severe crisis. Inflation, mass production without work and a sharp decline in the standard of living in the country have become the cause growth of an-ti-pra-vi-telstv. mood. In May 1990, D.F. Ufue-Bu-a-nyi le-ga-li-zo-val activity of op-positional political party and or-ga-ni-za-tion. At the presidential elections on October 28, 1990, he defeated the candidate from the op-zi-tion L.K. Gbag-bo.
On the eve of the presidential elections of 1995, the National Council of Côte d'Ivoire took the right to the constitution tions, according to which only those who had a birth-di-te-lei-ivua could be nominated for the presidential post. r-tsev (one or both). This is right li-shi-la li-de-ra op-po-zits. parties Ob-e-di-ne-nie re-pub-li-kan-tsev (os-no-va-na in 1994 in the re-zul-ta-te race-co-la DP) A.D . Uat-ta-ru, bur-ki-niy-tsa according to the process, it is possible to participate in elections. On October 22, 1995, the representative of the Democratic Party E.A.K. was elected president. Be-dier (other kan-di-da-you boy-ko-ti-ro-va-li you-bo-ry).
Pere-ri-od na-ho-zh-de-niya Be-dier on the pre-zi-dent-sky in-stu was noted further-shey des-ta-bi-li-za-tsi -it’s inside-ri-po-li-tich. ob-sta-nov-ki, called-in, including dis-kri-mi-nats. according to the right-of-government-st-va from-no-she-niy to im-mi-gran-there (about quarter-of-a-hour in the village of Kot- d'Ivoire consists of immigrants from other countries, mainly from Bourke-na-Faso, Benin, Ghana, Guinea). In 1999, at the new presidential elections, mass events were held in the capital and other cities of the country -mon-st-ra-tion in support of A.D. Uat-ta-ry. Vos-pol-zo-va-shis si-tua-tsi-ey, the military is headed by a retired general. R. Gyue-em so-ver-shi-li state re-re-in-mouth. There was an announcement about the implementation of a new constitution, the displacement of the pre-zi-den, the growth pus-ke pra-vi-tel-st-va and par-la-men-ta. Power passed to the National Committee for Public Spa. In January 2000, a re-moving government was formed, in which Gyu-ey took over the post of pre-zi-den-ta re-publications and ministries of defense.
On July 23, 2000, the re-fe-ren-du-me was approved by the new Constitution of Cote d'Ivoire (entered into power on August 1, 2000 of the year); article about tre-bo-va-ni-yah to kan-di-da-tu in pre-zi-den-you were left without iz-me-no-niy. The Presidential elections on October 22, 2000 ended in victory for the Ivorian Popular Front (INF; created in 1983 in France) L.K. Gbag-bo. According to the results of the parliamentary elections (December 10, 2000 - January 14, 2001), the INF and the DP were approximately equal. how many places? You didn't lead to the normalization of the situation in the country. On September 19, 2002, the military seized power in the cities of Abi-jan, Bua-ke and Ko-ro-go. I managed to get through it, one day I popped up. groups took control of all the northern, as well as part of the central and western regions. There have been clashes on ethnic grounds (between Ivois-r-tsa-mi and im-mi-gran-ta-mi, as well as between -du before-hundreds of different peoples).
In March 2003, a coalition government of the national government was formed, which included members of the FPI, DP, Pov-stanskaya org-ga-ni-za-tion and Ob-e-di-ne-niya re-pub-li-kan-tsev. However, just a year later, the mi-s-ters, who presented the op-position, announced the fight against the work of -vi-tel-st-va in connection with the time of ma-ni-fe-sta-tion si-la-mi safety-no-sti Cote d'Ivoire (po-gi-lo over 100 people). In early April 2004, to provide assistance to the government in the conflict in the country Were the military sub-divisions of the UN right?
In the summer of 2004, in Ak-kra (Ga.), there was a summit of the heads of 13 African states, at which tel-st-vom Côte d'Ivoire and the pov-stan-tsa-mi would-have-tig-well-a-word about the ure-gu-li-ro-va-nii of the internal con- flick-ta. However, the situation still remained unstable, since the Hundreds of ra-zo-ru-zha-sya. In these conditions, L.K. Gbag-bo decided to postpone the presidential elections at a later date, which will be held first -slowly they stopped for a while in 2005 (in the future they left several more times). In the beginning of March 2007, in Goa, in the capital of Bur-ki-na-Fa-so - the city of Ua-ga-du-gu, the re-re-go was completed -ry between Gbag-bo and Li-de-rum of the Ivorian op-positional forces G.K. So-ro. Sto-ro-ny under-pi-sa-whether with-gla-she-nie, pre-du-smat-ri-va-va-creation of a new transition The government of the country is headed by So-ro (formed on April 7, 2007). In front of the government of Côte d'Ivoire, they stand for the cause of the rebel ranks, the re-establishment of new le-niu raz-ru-shen-noy in-fra-structure-tu-ry, ure-gu-li-ro-va-niu inter-ethnic pro-ti-vo-re-chiy, as well as to ensure the promotion of presidential and parliamentary elections.
Diplomatic relations between the USSR and Côte d'Ivoire were established in 1967 (previous governments) st-vom Côte d'Ivoire in 1969, re-established in 1986). The turnover between two countries amounts to 153.2 million US dollars (2004). The Russian Federation after-to-va-tel-but you-stu-pa-et for a political ure-gu-li-ro-va-nie of the conflict in Côte d’Ivoire.
Farm
Os-no-wa eco-no-mi-ki Cote d'Ivoire - agriculture. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the economic situation has been false due to internal instability. Since 2004, Côte d’Ivoire has been the pre-kra-sche-no cre-di-to-va-nie of the World Bank. Per-spec-ti-you development of the country is connected with di-ver-si-fi-ka-tsi-ey eco-no-mi-ki, in-high-she-ni- We eat the role of a frequent sector, with the attraction of foreign investment, overcoming adversity.
GDP volume is 33.1 billion dollars (according to the pa-ri-te-tu according to the ability to buy; 2007); per capita in the village 1.7 thousand dollars. Human development index 0.432 (2005; 166- e place among 177 countries of the world). Real GDP growth was 1.6% (2007; 11% in the 1960s, 6% in the 1970s - early 1980s, 5% in the late 1990s). In the structure of GDP, the share of the agricultural sector is 50%, agriculture - 28%, industry - 22%.
Industry.
An important role is played by the ug-le-vo-do-ro-dov in the eastern part of the Guinean Gulf shelf. The total volume of oil production (as of 1980) is 52 thousand barrels per day (2007; 15 thousand barrels per day in 2002). Largest birth places (2007): Es-pu-ar (28.1 thousand barrels/day), Bao-bab (21.1 thousand barrels/day) , Lai-on (1.9 thousand barrels/day). Up to now it has been conducted mainly under the control of the state. company “So-ciété Nationale d’Opera-tions Pétrolières de la Côte d’Ivoire” (“Pet-roci”). OK. 60% of the oil is exported, 2/3 of which goes to the countries of Western Europe (mainly to Germany) and to Canada .
Natural gas production has been increasing since the beginning of the 1990s (16 billion m3 in 2002; 22 billion m3 in 2006). Leading companies: Foxtrot International, Petroci, Energy de Côte d'Ivoire, etc. All gas is used within the country (mainly tre-bi-tel - electric-energy-ge-ti-ka).
The demand for electricity is fully covered at the expense of our own fuel resources. The installed power of electric power plants is 1.1 thousand MW (2005). Electricity production is 5.3 billion kWh, exports are 1.1 billion kWh (2006). Most of your energy is produced at thermal power plants (working at natural gas). The largest thermal power plant is “Azi-to” in the Abid-zhan district (1999; installed new capacity 288 MW, over 1/3 of work -vae-my electric-energy). About 1/5 of the electricity is produced at hydroelectric power stations; the most important ones are “Ayame I” and “Ayame II” on the river. Bio, "Kossou" and "Taabo" on the river. Ban-da-ma, “Buyo” on the river. Sa-san-d-ra.
The country's only oil refinery of the Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage (SIR) company is located in Abidjan (capacity 65 thousand barrels/day ; 47.3% of shares belong to the state). A second oil refinery is under construction (since 2008, commissioning in 2011) in the Abidzhan area (capacity 60 thousand barrels/day). Ex-port of oil-te-pro-duk-tov in Ma-li, Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, Niger.
There is a lot of gold production (1.3 tons in 2006, 3.6 tons in 2002; the birthplaces of Iti and Sub-re; large -shie companies - French "La Man-cha Resources Inc." and the state "Société pour le Développement Minier en Côte d'Ivoire"), al-ma-zov (300 thousand carats in 2006; paradise -ons Tor-tiya and Se-ge-la in the se-ve-re and beyond the country).
There are small metallurgical and metallurgical and metallurgical enterprises (steel production) sheets of imported for-go-to-wok, metal-personal roofing materials, ar-ma-tu-ry, pipes, production -lo-ki, etc. in Abid-zhan), for the assembly of cars, motorcycles, bicycles, bicycles dov and by-out elek-tro-tech-nich. from-de-liy (Abi-d-zhan), numerous chemical enterprises (production of la-co-kra-juicy from-de-liy and plastic masses , steam-fu-mer-no-cos-me-tic production, waste-chemicals, conveniences, pest-ti-ci-ds, etc.), plant for the production of cellulose (San Pedro; about 200 thousand tons of cellulose per year), two textile-stylish com-bi-na-ta (Bua- ke and Dim-bok-ro; mostly cotton fabrics from local cotton and in insignificant quantities ve - synthetic fabrics from imported raw materials). There are several small leather-vein-but-footwear enterprises, a match factory (60-100 million boxes in year), shipbuilding and repair shipyards (in Abidzhan). How-to-be-developed-for-the-vi-tel-naya and de-re-about-ra-ba-you-from-ras -li (about 600 thousand m3 of pi-lo-ma-te-ria-lov per year); Most of the enterprises are located in the south. districts of the country. The production of construction materials plays a significant role in the economy. There is a supply of sand, gravel, limestone, and other construction raw materials. There is a ceramic factory in Abidzhan. The food industry is important. The main production is many. some small enterprises - palm oil, ka-kao oil, instant coffee, con-serv-ro-van-anas -sweets and fruit juices, fish canned goods. Large flour-milling and bread-baking-com-bi-na-you - in Abidzhan and San Pedro.
Agriculture.
The leading branch is the water-plant. Along with modern ag-ro-technical me-to-da-mi (especially in plantation farms), practically -te-ma re-false-no-go land-le-de-lia. About 10% of the country's territory (according to approx. 4%), of which approx. 1/2 comes to po-sad-ki ka-kao. In terms of production of cocoa beans, Côte d'Ivoire ranks 1st in the world (over 1 million tons in 2005; on average, about 46 % of world production; 15% of GDP value). Coffee also has ex-port significance (collection of 130.8 thousand tons of green grains in 2005; 11th place in the world, mainly the ro-bu-sta variety, about 5% - ara-bi-ka), ara-his (72.5 thousand tons); ore-hi ke-shu (59 thousand tons; 7th place in the world), ba-na-ny (36.1 thousand tons), ana-na-sy (34.8 thousand tons ; 18th place in the world), sugar cane (22.8 thousand tons), co-nuts, avo-ka-do, man -go, clap-chat-nick. Means. square-di-za-nya-you under the plan-ta-tion-mi mas-personal palm-we (kul-ti-vi-ru-yut for pro-iz-va palm-mo-vo-go mas -la), under the garden-ka-mi he-vei. Cote d'Ivoire is Africa's largest producer of na-tu-ral-no-go kau-chu-ka (72.4 thousand tons in 2005 ; 8th place in the world). The most important food crops (collection, thousand tons; 2005): yam 605, plan-tein 299, rice 245, ma-ni-ok 108, ku-ku-ru-za 106. Living waters develop mainly in the northern regions, in the central and southern regions no-sit ocha-go-vy ha-rak-ter. In the region (thousand heads; 2005) there are goats and sheep - 2700; cattle 1500, pigs 333.
One of the most promising species is fishing. Annual catch approx. 70 thousand tons (mainly tu-nets and sar-di-ny).
Transport.
Côte d'Ivoire has a multi-branched road network, its density is especially high in the southern regions. The length of the road is 80 thousand km, including 6.5 thousand km with hard smoke on the roof (2006). The auto-transport provides delivery of almost all ex-port products to the point where you are at -be-re-zhie and trans-por-tirov-ku im-port cargoes in various regions of the country. Av-do-ro-ga-mi, pro-le-gayu-schi-mi along the coastline of the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire is connected with Ga- noah, To-go, Be-ni-nom, Ka-me-ru-nom, Ni-ge-ri-ey. The length of the single railway road (Abid-zhan - border with Bur-ki-na-Fa-so) is 660 km; the volume of grazing and cargo is shrinking due to the growing melting con-ku-ren tions with cars. Seaports - Abi-jan (cargo turnover about 19 million tons per year, the largest in Western Africa; provides over 90% of external -not-tor-go-vykh per-re-vo-zok) and San Ped-ro (in the main way you-carry trees-ve-si-ny and pi-lo-ma-te-ria-lov). 7 aero-ports have a take-off at the airport with heavy smoke on the roof (2007). Inter-national air-ports - in Abid-zhan, Yamu-suk-ro and Bua-ke.
International trade.
The cost of the ex-port is 18.5 billion dollars, the import of the port is 6.1 billion dollars (2007). In the commodity structure of the ex-port to-mi-ni-ru-et agricultural production: ka-kao-bo-by (about 30% of the cost- sti) and ka-kao-pro-duk-you, coffee-fe, cotton-chat-nick, kau-chuk, palm-oil, fruit; OK. 25% of the cost of the ex-port is provided by oil and oil products. Among other things are dre-ve-si-na and pi-lo-ma-te-ria-ly, fish preserves. Major prices (2006): Germany (9.7% of value), Nigeria (9.1%), Netherlands dy (8.4%), France (7.3%), USA (7%), Burki-na-Fa-so (4.4%). Côte d'Ivoire imports oil and oil products (over 33% of the cost), machinery and equipment -tion, transport means, pro-volume. The main suppliers are Nigeria (30.5% of cost), France (16.4%), China (6.7%) .
Armed forces
The Armed Forces (AF) of Côte d'Ivoire consist of Sukhoi Forces (SV), Air Force, Navy, Presidential Guard and Gendar -city (over 17.1 thousand people; 2007), and there are also military formations - mi-li-tion (1, 5 thousand people; 2007). The annual military budget is $300 million (2007).
The supreme leader is the President, who leads the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense us and the headquarters of the Armed Forces. SV (6.5 thousand people) includes 4 military districts, 1 tank and 3 infantry. ba-tal-o-na, separate art. di-vi-zi-on, pa-ra-shute-no-de-sant-nu group, engineering company and zen-nit-no-art. ba-ta-ray. The army has 15 tanks (including 5 light ones), 31 armored personnel carriers, 25 armored personnel carriers, 4 105-mm guns, 16 120-mm mi-no-myo- Comrade, pro-ti-vo-tan-ko-vye and zenith-nye media. In the Air Force (700 people) there is a service, transport, communications and helicopter es-kad-ri-ly (several sa-mo -le-tov and ver-to-le-tov, including 4 combat sa-mo-le-ta). The Navy (950 people) includes several landing and patrol rudder boats. The number of the Presidential Guard is 1.4 thousand people, the Gendarmerie is 7.6 thousand people. Weapons and military equipment are mainly of French production.
A set of aircraft on the basis of all-common military personnel of male age 18 years , and also you-bo-roch-but under the contract. The training of an officer and a non-ter-officer's co-sta-va is carried out mainly in France . Some of the junior level officers are working in the national. military school and flight school in Bua-ka. Mobilization resources 4 million people, including 2.1 million people fit for military service. In 1961, France and Côte d'Ivoire agreed to joint defense (dis-lo-tsi-ru-ut-xia French military - about 3.8 thousand people).
Health
In Côte d'Ivoire, per 100 thousand inhabitants there are 12 doctors, 60 paramedical personnel, 2 hundred-ma-to-lo-ha, 6 pharmacies -tsev-tov (2004). Total expenditures on health care amount to 3.9% of GDP (2005) (budgetary fi-nan-si-ro-va- tion - 27.6%, private sector - 72.4%) (2003). Legal re-gu-li-ro-va-nie of the health-care system of implementation -the health of the village and the living environment from the effects of industrial and radio-active waste (1988 ). The health care system includes city private medical and dental institutions. In rural areas, medical care is limited in volume and quality due to the lack of personnel ditch The most widespread infections are bak-te-ri-al-naya di-zen-the-riya, hepatitis A, ma-l-aria, yellow li-ho-rad-ka, shis-to-so-ma-toz (2008). The main causes of death in adults in the population: AIDS, malaria, lower respiratory diseases, -ber-ku-lez, ser-dech-but-so-su-di-stye for-bo-le-va-niya, trauma-we, cancer (2004). Seaside climatic resort of Grand-Basam.
National Olympic Committee founded in 1962, recognized by the IOC in 1963. Sportsmen of Côte d'Ivoire have been participating in the Olympic Games since 1964 (with the exception of 1980); G. Tya-kokh, who took 2nd place in the 400 m run (Los -And-zhe-les, 1984). In 1960, the Ministry of Youth and Sports was established. In the 1960s, the first sports federations were created in the country and a number of national events were held.
The most popular types of sports: judo, boxing, football, handball, athletics, rowing kah and ka-noe. The Ivory Coast football team is on foot, but you are participating in international meetings - ob-la-da-tel (1992) and fi-na-list (2006) Cup-ka Af-ri-ki, student of the fi-nal part of than-pio-na- that world in Germany (2006). The strongest football countries of the country are in the leading European clubs: D. Drog-ba - in the co-sta-ve of London -sky "Chel-si" than-pi-on of England (2005, 2006); A.K. Kay-ta - in the team of "Lyon" than-pi-on France (2008); K.H. Tu-re - in “Ar-se-na-le” (London, since 2002); his brother Ya. Tu-re - in “Bar-se-lo-ne” (since 2007); B. Sa-no-go - in “Ver-de-re” (Bre-men, since 2007), etc. Goalkeeper A. Gua-me-not teaching in 7 roses -gry-shah Kub-ka Af-ri-ki.
Education. Uch-re-zh-de-nii science of culture
Management of educational institutions is implemented by the Ministry of National Education and Scientific Information -follow-up. The network of pre-school educational institutions is weak; they mainly function in large cities. The education system includes (2008) mandatory free 6-year initial training for children from 6 years of age, 7-year-old secondary (4-year-old incomplete and 3-year-old full) education -va-nie in state and non-state-state educational institutions (colleges and lyceums), vocational and technical education (on the basis of primary and junior high schools) in educational and technical centers -nic lyceums, higher professional education. 3% of children are in pre-school education, 71% are in primary education, 32% are in secondary education. %. The literacy rate of the population at the age of 15 years and older is 62.1% (2006). The system of higher professional education includes: University of Co-co-di, University d'Abobo-Adja-me (both in Abid-ja-ne ); University of Bouaké - all universities were founded in 1995 from the National University (founded in 1958 as the Center for Higher Education in Abidja -not), National Polytechnic Institute (1996) in Yamu-suk-ro, National School of Management (1960), Higher National School of Fine Arts arts (1963) - both in Abidzhan; National Engineering School (1963), Higher Ag-ro-no-mic school (1996) - both in Yamu-suk-ro. The main museums, libraries, scientific institutions are located in Abid-zhan, Bua-ka, Ko-ro-go.
Mass media
Leading periodical publications: daily government newspapers “Fraternité Matin” (published since 1964, circulation 25 thousand copies), “Ivoir' Soir” (since 1987, 10 thousand copies); monthly government newsletter “Journal Officiel de la République de Côte d’Ivoire” (since 1958, 25 thousand copies); daily independent newspapers “Le Jour” (since 1994), “Le Patriote” (since 1991), “La Nouvelle République”, “Notre Voie”; monthly “Eburnéa” (since 1967) (all in the city of Abid-zhan, in French) and others. Radio broadcasting since 1949 (since 1951 re-gular-but), those -le-vi-de-nie since 1963. Trans-la-tion of tele- and radio-pe-re-dach (in French and local languages) is carried out by the public service “Ra- diodiffusion-Télévision Ivoirienne" and others. National information agency - Agence Ivoi-rienne de Presse (AIP; created in 1961).
Literature
Li-te-ra-tu-ra of Côte d'Ivoire raz-vi-va-et-sya in French. In the 1930s, national drama-tur-gy was born. In 1938, the “Terrestrial Theatre” was created, where there were plays of old, historical, and also under mav-shie of the co-lo-ni-al-noy ex-plua-ta-tion (creativity of B.B. Da-dier, F.J. Amo-na d'Abi, etc. .). In 1952, the People's Academy of Literature and Poetry was established, in 1962 - the national Association of Pi-sa-te-ley, pi-shu-shchih on French language. The flourishing of drama-tur-gy began after the ob-re-te-niya of non-vi-si-mo-sti. In the 1960-1970s, heroic drama appeared. The influence of the French class-si-tsiz-ma from-me-che-on di-lo-giya E. Der-ve-na: dramas “Sa-ran, or Crime-ro-ro” -le-va", in which the image of the wise African pra-vi-te-la, po-li-ti-ka and half-ko-vod-tsa was created, and " Language and skor-pi-on" (both 1968). Sh. No-kan in the play “Go-re-sti Cha-ko” (1968) made a pro-ble-mu of power and na-ro-da; based on the so-tsi-al-no-utopian plays “Ab-raa Po-ku, or Great-kaya af-ri-kan-ka” (1970) in lo- lived le-gen-du about pro-is-ho-zh-de-niy na-ro-da bau-le. The struggle of the African peoples against the co-lo-for-the-ditch found its origin in the same stories that tend to be epic dramas “Be-at-ri-che from Kon-go” (1970) and “Island-ro-va boo-ri” (1973) Yes-dier, with creativity ko-ro -th in connection with the sa-ti-ric comedy (“Gos-po-din To-go-Nyi-ni”, 1970; “Mua -Sel", 1979). Hero-za-tion is-to-rich. past - based on the play “So-fa” by B. Za-di Za-uru (1975).
Poetry and pro-za began to develop in the 1950s. A bright example of revolutionary an-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-noy poetry: the collections “Af-ri-ka in full height” (1950), “People all kon-ti-nen-tov” (1967) B.B. Da-dieu; “A stern call for de-zh-dy” Zh.M. Bon-i-ni (1961). In the 1970s, in poetry, the ten-den-tion of ro-man-ti-za-tion of the past Af-ri-ki (creativity of B. Za-di Za-uru, A. Ka-nie). The name Da-dieu is also associated with the creation of new prose: the collection “Af-ri-Can-kan legends” (1954), a book of folk tales -lor-no-os-no-ve “Black Elm-ka” (1955); auto-bio-graphic novel “Clem-bier” (1956) and others. The theme of the collapse of the illusions of “a man of two cultures” dis- roof in ro-ma-ne “Ko-kum-bo - black student” by A. Lo-by (1960). Ost-ro-toy an-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-no-go pa-fo-sa, ro-man-tic pa-fo-som, stylistic syn-cre-tiz-mom ( co-che-ta-nie li-riz-ma and pub-li-tsi-stich-no-sti) from-li-cha-yut-sya ro-ma-ny “For-ni-ma-et-sya black -y dawn" (1962) and "The wind was strong" (1966) by Sh. No-ka-na. In the 1970s, moral novels began to emerge, in which you came to the fore -traditional African values are popular. In Rus-le neg-ri-tyu-da - ro-ma-ny “Youth from Bua-ke” by M. Ko-ne (1963), “Uaz-zi” by J. Do-do, “Mas- se-ni” by T. De-ma, “Us-mi-ren-nyy under-zhi-ga-tel” by P. du Prey (all - 1977). “Black” life, an image of the gloomy phenomena of traditional African so-ciu-ma (magic, co-culture) dov-st-vo, secret societies-st-va) ha-rak-ter-no for ro-ma-na “U po-ro-ga ir-re-al-no-go” A. Ko -not (1976). In the in-tel-lek-tu-al-nom ro-ma-not-parable “Personal satisfaction” by J.M. Ad-yaf-fi (1980) in a symbolic form you-ra-wives call to restore the established We are connected with the spiritual and cultural heritage of our ancestors. In the same way you-so-ko-hu-do-same-st-ven-no-go sin-te-za in-di-vi-du-al-no-av-tor-sko-go-iro- nic style, elements of the oral tradition of the na-ro-da Ma-lin-ke and modern novel technology have become creative A. Ku-ru-we (“Mon-ne, or Uni-wives bro-sa-yut challenge”, 1990; “Waiting for the go-lo-so-va-niya di- some animals”, 1998, etc.).
Ar-hi-tech-tu-ra and artistic-bra-zi-tel-art
People in the southern, forested part of the country build rectangular dwellings with a roof made of palm branches. Among the Bau-le and Anya people, oval in plan-not-ma-ok-ru-zhe-ny on-weight. On the se-ve-ro-behind-the-pas-de-de the races-about-countries are round-ly in the plan of houses with ko-nich. so-lo-men-ny-mi roof-sha-mi. This type of living in the eastern part of the country replaces the clay-but-bit-with-straight-coal-with-the-plan-not-to-ma-mi with a flat roof. In the central part of Côte d'Ivoire, houses have a rectangular plan with rounded ends and are divided into 3-4 by location. The walls of the houses are often painted with geo-metrical or-na-men, fig-gu-ra-mi of people and animals.
After the proclamation of non-vi-si-mo-sti, 1-4-storey residential buildings began to be erected; multi-storey buildings are being built, enclosing a shopping center, a hotel, in the lower part, res-to-ra-ny and kor-pu-sa apartment or office: center “Nur al-Kha-yat” (ar-hi-tech-to-ry A. La-zhe, Zh.P. Lu-pi, J. Mae), office complex “La Pi-ra-mid” with aluminum trim (architect R. Oliv-e-ri, engineer R. Mo-ran-di; both - in Abid-zhan, 1960-1970s), air port near Abid-zhan (1969, art-hi-tech-to-ry M. Du -charm, J. More-ro, J.P. Mi-no), hotel "Cas-ka-dy" in Ma-ne (1969, Du-charme, K. Lar-ra, Mi-no); SCIAM administrative building in Abidjan (1975, J. Se-mi-chon) in the international style. Some hotels (in Sa-san-d-re, architect Be-nua-Bar-ne; in Asi-ni, ar-hi-tek-to-ry J. Se-mi- Sean, L. Renar, A.K. Vi) sti-li-zo-va-ny under h-zhi-ny with so-lo-men-my roofs. Cultural centers and covered markets have been created in Abid-zhan and Bouah-ka. In construction, iron-concrete and glass are used, for industrial work they involve all local re-mes-len-ni-ki. In the 1970s, O.K. Ka-ku-bom developed a general plan for the city of Yamu-suk-ro and built a complex of public buildings in the forms of bru-ta-liz- ma: Palace of Con-gress, Palace of Pre-zi-den-ta, Hotel "Pre-zi-dent", buildings of the mayor's office and Fond Houphouet-Bu-a-nyi. In the 1980s, there was a ka-to-lich. temples: the Cathedral of St. Paul in Abi-ja-n (1985, architect A. Spi-ri-to) with elements of the stmo-der-niz-ma, Grand Di-Oz Cathedral of Notre-Dame de la Paix in Yamu-sous-cro (1986-1989, architect P. Fa-hu-ri; building re- there is a com-po-zi-tion of the co-bo-ra of St. Peter in Va-ti-ka-ne); both co-or-u-zhe-niya formalized the vit-ra-zha-mi.
Painting as an independent art form emerged in Côte d'Ivoire only in the 1960s. Among the hu-dozh-ni-kov of this pe-rio-da - M. Ko-dio and E. J. San-to-ni; both received education in France. In the 1980s-1990s, Ya. Bat became famous, in the work of some techniques we ab-st-rac-cio- niz-ma co-che-ta-ut-sya with the local or-na-mental-tra-di-tsi-ey. A special place in artistic life for-no-ma-yut pre-sta-vi-te-li on-iv-no-go art-kus-st-va (Z. Mak-re, F. Bru-li-Bu-ab-re), continuing re-monthly tradition from the preparation of you-ve-juice. The most well-known sculptor is K. Lattier, who worked in France and at home; creates a pro-iz-ve-de-niya from metal-la, ele-men-tov kor-zi-noch-no-go weaving, ve-re-wok and fabric . Ceramic sculpture in the spirit of traditions of bau-le for the design of architectural structures for S. Do -guo Yao; K. Mu-ru-fier also works in this genre. Once you carve according to de-re-vu (masks, fi-gur-ki people), processing of gold, bronze and copper, weaving. In the district of Ka-tio-la with-en-to-che-but about-from-pottery-de-li, the district Se-ge-la knows-men-nit graceful -ny-mi with-court-mi “ka-na-ri”, in the region of Ko-ro-go from-go-to-la-yut spher-rich. pots and huge re-zer-voirs for grain. Raz-vi-va-et-sya tradits. ros-pisti do-mov.
Musical kul-tu-ra ti-pich-na for Western Africa; pre-sta-le-na professional tra-di-tsiya-mi dan, ma-lin-ke (group-pa man-din-go), bau-le, ve (group-pa cru), se-nu-fo . Given the music, you are in the most independent branch of traditional culture, its connection has been preserved to a significant degree with cultural practice (the origin of music’s connection with the world of spirits; in magical settings -lyakh use-use-use-sha-ha-sha-ha-sha-los-masks-ki-beg-bo). Professional music-can-you are involved in the association, the specialization is carried forward -st-vu; now-you-not-so-tse-nit-sia mas-ter-st-vo singers-im-pro-vi-za-to-rov (solo-singing with-pro-vo- w-yes-sya playing the ar-fe, la-mel-la-fo-ne). Mu-zy-ka is a non-absent part of the rites of initiation, rites that precede the hunt, etc. Game on ba-ra-ba-nah co-pro-vo-zh-da-et labor de-st-viya of the land-dealers, co-stu-za-nia in the struggle and tan -tsy. A cast of professional singers and mu-zy-kan-tov at ma-lin-ke - dzhe-li (grio-you; ak-kom-pa-ni-ru-yut se-be on ko-re, xi -lo-fo-ne, ar-fe, etc.); among the society's significant functions, they are on the way to the war and their glorification. You have a high status in professional music and in society. life of bau-le: songs are ras-pro-country in honor of the deities and spirits of the ancestors; in judicial practice, ba-ra-ba-ns are used, which are considered in the middle -Where are the people and the spirits of the ancestors; on society co-b-ra-ni-yah in co-pro-vo-zh-de-nii ba-ra-ba-nov and signal idio-phones ras-pe-va-yut po-ethical tech -sts and words. For bau-le ha-rak-ter-no two-go-lo-sie (singing and playing the instruments-ment-tah pa-ral-lel-ny-mi ter-tsiya-mi). We use the so-called signal function. speaking ba-ra-ba-ny, on them the same songs of praise are sung for the warriors and for us. Se-nu-fo kas-you mu-zy-kan-tov from-sut-st-vu-yut, but mu-zy-ka has a great meaning in the rituals of the husband - and women's secret societies; especially-ben-but in-the-res-ny songs-nor-row-dov-initiation-tions, which-with-pro-in-yes-there-are large-shi-mi in -st-ru-men-tal-ny-mi an-samb-la-mi. In the cities of the race-countries there are up-to-su-go-new forms of mu-zi-tsi-ro-va-niya. Music the formation and study of traditional music from the environment in Abidzhan.
Te-atr, ta-nets
The national the-at-ral-naya tradition takes on-cha-lo in the art of griots. In 1938, you-pu-sk-ni-ki school U. Pon-ti (Da-kar) or-ga-ni-zo-va-li in Abid-zhan “Tu-earthly te- atr”, paying special attention to the play itself, on the right-len-nim against the shar-la-tan-st-va kol-du-nov (“Bus-sa- tier, or the Secret of the black count" F. J. Amon d'Abi, 1939, etc.). In the early 1940s, the sa-ti-ritic style of G. Kof-fi (one of the founders of the African theater) appeared his own plays - “Our Wives” (1940) and “My Husband” (1941); in 1943, he staged his anti-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-ny play “The Song Returns.” In 1953, the “Terrestrial Theatre” was transformed into the “Cultural and Folklore Circle”, which became a prominent place -one hundred in the cultural life of all Western Africa. Re-per-tu-ar included plays of would-be and historical co-containment (including “Ko-ro-na with auk-tsio- na" Amo-na d'Abi, "Ia-on-da" Kof-fi, "Pri-klu-che-niya go-zy" D. Ma-ha-ma-na). In 1958, under the leadership of K. Ngua-na, there was an os-no-va-no Te-at-ral society of Be-re-ga Slo-no-voy Kos-ti. At this time, there were a wide variety of plays by local drama-tourists (“Rural Kol-du-nya” by M. Ber-te, “Ter- mi-you" E. Der-ve-na, etc.). Used the troupe of the Abid-zhan University “Masks and ba-la-fo-ny”. In 1959, the School of Dramatic Art was opened in Abi-d-ja-na, which was subsequently transformed into a theater theater school at the National Institute of Arts (established in 1967). Amongst means. spec-so-lay this period: “Three pre-ten-den-ta, one husband” G. Oi-o-no Mbia (1968), “Gos-po-din To-go- Nyi-ni" by B. B. Da-dier (1970), "Tus-sio" by G. De-man-Go (1971). In 1971, the comedy “Re-visor” by N.V. was staged on the Abidzhan stage. Go-go-la. In the 1980s - early 2000s, the novels of the playwright and director M. Ekis-si (“The Time of Red Ber-re-tov”, 1988; “Tra -ge-dia ko-ro-la Kri-sto-fa", 1993; "Heavy holiday", 1999; "My name is Bra-hi-ma", 2001) . One of the largest theater figures in Côte d'Ivoire at the beginning of the 21st century is actor and director S. Ba-ka-ba. Since 1993, every 2 years in Côte d'Ioire there has been an International Festival of Arts.
Especially-ben-but-popular-ny in Côte d’Ivoire os-no-van-nye on folk-lo-re dance-tse-val-nye-sta-new-ki. In 1974, the National Basilica of Côte d'Ivoire was created in Abidja. The most famous dance collections: “Mant-che” (1998), “Ji-giya” (1999), “Dan-kan” (2006), “1 So-mni-ak” (2008). Among the is-pol-ni-te-lei (early 2000s) - A.B. Bam-ba, A. Dra-me, K. Ma-ma-di.
The za-ro-zh-de-nie of the national ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fa is connected with the name of T. Ba-so-ri, who removed the co- mouth-to-met-raz-nye films “On the dunes of one-no-che-st-va”, “The sixth bo-rose-da”, “Fire in the timber”, etc. He In 1969, he released the first national full-length film, “A Woman with a Knife,” which raised questions with -no-she-niya afr. and zap. tsi-vi-li-za-tsi. In the 1970s, the problems of national action were found in the films “Amanye” and “Hat” "R. M'Bala and "The Cry of Mu-ed-zi-na" by E. N'Da-bi-ana Wo-dio. In the 1980s, the films “The Man from Da-le-ka” by M. Trao-te and “Jel-li” by K. Lan-si-ke Fe-di were released in the country -ke, “An-zha-Tio” by J.L. Ku-la, “Da-lo-kan” by M. Do-sa, “Tse-li-te-li” by S. Ba-ka-by. In 1983, the film “Pe-tan-ki” by I. Ko-zo-loa (together with Ni-ge-ri-ey) was released. “Ex-zo-ti-che-skaya-ko-media” by K. Tu-re (1985) - about the life of a traditional film - aroused significant audience interest -sche-st-va se-nu-fo. The most-of-the-west-ny-mi ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fi-sta-mi are the re-zhis-syo-ry D. Eka-re (“Con- concert for iz-gnan-ni-ka", 1968; "France for the two of us", 1970; "Faces of women", 1985) and A. Du-parc ("Mu- na, or the Dream of the Hu-dozh-ni-ka", 1969; "Family", 1972; "Wild Grass", 1977; "I Chose Life", 1987; “Ball in the dusty region”, 1988; “Sixth finger”, 1990; “Fairy color”, 1998), which are in their -their work is ak-tu-al moral and social themes and we are drawn to the genre of tragic media. In 1974, the Association of professional ki-no-dea-te-lei of Cote d'Ivoire was formed (included in the Pan-af-ri-kan-skaya fe-de-ra-tion ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fi-stov). Since 1969, Côte d'Ivoire films have been studying at the All-Af-ri-kan-skiy ki-no-fes-ti-va-le (FESPACO) in Ua-ga-dou.
The small state in western Africa has long been known to the world as the Land of Slaves, the Land of Grain and the place of the Golden Embankments. The material will introduce you to the country whose name translates as Ivory Coast. Tourists are interested in what kind of people live in this country, what kind of nature there is, what kind of capital it is. Thousands of guests come to Ivory Coast every year for this attraction. The thing is that this city was built by the French, and the local architecture is very close to architecture but at the same time has its own zest.
Coffee Country
The territory of the modern republic began to be populated at the beginning of the Stone Age. The first inhabitants were the pygmies. But they led a nomadic lifestyle. Therefore, soon other tribes came to these lands, those that still live in the state. With the development of colonial conquest, the migration of peoples stopped.
Since the end of the 15th century, Europe exported gold, timber and coffee beans from these regions. 1893 the land was declared
Tribes constantly fought for independence. The maximum uprisings occurred during army recruitment in connection with the First World War.
In 1934, the capital of Côte d'Ivoire was proclaimed. Abidjan became it. Soon, in 1945, the first party was founded, which until then had been a union of local farmers. Felix Houphouet-Boigny created and headed the organization.
In 1957, the country received autonomy status. And on August 7, 1960 it became an independent state. The leader of the above-mentioned party was elected president. By 1979, the state had grown economically. It ranked first in the export of coffee beans. The following years were characterized by drought. This resulted in a decline in development.
City of Cut Leaves
Abidjan is the first official capital. Cote d'Ivoire is a unique region where each settlement has its own legend. This city was no exception. The myth says that when the first European military men intended to build a port on these shores and disembarked from their ships, they met the local population. The peasants carried baskets with cut leaves and branches on their heads.
One of the men asked the Africans what the name of this village was. But the poor did not understand French, in which people from distant lands addressed them. Moreover, they perceived the unknown words as a threat. One man thought that the visitors were dissatisfied with their work. Then the daredevil shouted back to them: “Abidjan,” which meant “these are cut branches.” The Europeans marked the place on the map.
The temporary capital has a long history. Cote d'Ivoire is an old country, but it began to grow only at the end of the 19th century. Abidjan was founded in 1896 by French settlers. It is located on the coast and consists of four peninsulas within the Ebrier Lagoon.
The secret center
The population of the city, whose name still sounds like “cut leaves” in the Ebriye dialect, is about 4 million people (and another million if you include the suburbs). Almost everyone speaks French, which is why the city is called the Paris of Africa. This is the second place in the world in terms of the number of French-speaking people (the championship belongs to the city of the Eiffel Tower).
Despite the fact that the new capital of Côte d'Ivoire is Yamoussoukro, Abidjan retains its leadership position. It is the center of political life. This permanent place work of the president and ministers.
Construction is actively developing here, so another unofficial name is New York of Africa. This is the territory of museums, stadiums and theaters. It has an airport and two ports.
Abidjan is also a city of footballers, more than twenty of whom were finalists
Homeland of the head of state
President Felix Houphouet-Boigny has done a lot for his country. It was under him that the republic flourished and developed. In 1983, a new capital was formed. Cote d'Ivoire was headed by Yamoussoukro. This city is the birthplace of the first ruler. This is the reason for the transfer of the center of the state.
The settlement originates from late XIX century. It was founded by French colonialists. It was the first center of Ivory Coast until 1934, when Abidjan took its place.
The area is located two hundred kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean. Last fact led to a long road to economic recovery. The fact is that Europeans preferred to invest money in points that lie on the coastal zone. This is how Abidjan grew. That is why the current capital of the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire remained unnoticed for a long time.
The new history of the city began after the declaration of independence. With the reforms of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, the Ivory Coast began to rise.
Provincial capital
The center of the country has its own airport (only three cities accept planes). Agriculture is actively developing outside its borders. Yams, bananas, and cocoa beans are actively grown. Livestock is represented by goats and sheep. Although most industrial sites are concentrated in Abidjan, Yamoussoukro has food and wood processing companies in its territory.
Although the center was moved, the seat of the central government and foreign ministries remained in Abidjan. Because of this, few foreigners knew that Yamoussoukro was the capital. Cote d'Ivoire developed well and quickly, and in the 1960-1980s they began to invest enormous amounts of money in the city. But already in the 80s, a noticeable crisis began. Declining prices for export goods had a negative impact on development.
General information
The climate in the country varies from tropical to equatorial. The whole year is characterized high humidity and significant precipitation. The most rain falls in April-July and October-November. Average temperatures are +30.
As of 2010, the city's population was almost 250,000. Most (more than 60%) come from the Bakongo and Bate-ke tribes. Despite the fact that the official language is French, many people communicate in their native dialect.
Does not have any high-quality higher educational institutions capital. Cote d'Ivoire today has big problem with the education system. The center of student life is Abidjan. Every teenager dreams of going to study abroad.
In terms of religious composition, more than 50% are Christians, although in the country as a whole, almost 40% profess Islam. This number of Muslims is due to the fact that a large share of them are illegal immigrants and foreign workers.
Heart of the capital
Tourism is now actively developing. Golden beaches and exotic destinations are attracting more and more travelers. Not only the nature of the country is unique, but also its architecture. Supporters of this art can look at national clay houses covered with palm leaves, or give preference to modern creations.
The pride of Yamoussoukro is the Church of Notre-Dame de la Paix. Anyone who likes religious architecture knows where to go. They know what kind of country it is, what its capital is. Cote d'Ivoire has long called the building its calling card. It was built on the model of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome. The height is 158 meters. The number of parishioners that the church can accommodate is 11,000. It was decorated with marble from Italy and French colored glass.
Ghana on a map of Africa
(all pictures are clickable)
Geographical position
Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) is a state Atlantic coast West Africa. Neighbors include Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia and Guinea; the southern coast is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Coastline cut by numerous lagoons. Territory area - 322.46 thousand km².
The climate is equatorial, in the north - subequatorial. The temperature in the south remains almost unchanged throughout the year, remaining between +26-28 °C. In the north, average monthly temperatures vary much more: from +12 °C in January (at this time sandstorms - hamartans - come from the Sahara) to +40 °C in June - July. Precipitation is unevenly distributed: in southern regions During the year they fall up to 2400 mm, in the northern regions - almost half less - 1200-1800 mm. There are two distinct rainy seasons: from April to July and from October to November.
Flora and fauna
Forests in areas with an equatorial climate are characterized by a wide variety of tree species and various types tropical plants, including pineapples, banana palms, coffee trees etc. Areas where the equatorial climate gives way to subequatorial climate are arid.
The fauna is typical for West African countries: monkeys, antelopes, elephants, hippos live here; Predators include leopards, cheetahs, hyenas and jackals. The forests of Côte d'Ivoire are home to many snakes.
State structure
Map of Cote d'Ivoire
Political structure is a republic headed by a president. The legislative body is the unicameral National Assembly. The administrative-territorial division of the country is represented by 19 districts. The local currency is the CFA franc. Formally, the capital of Côte d'Ivoire is the city of Yamoussoukro, but all the most important government institutions and the residence of the president of the republic are located in the city of Abidjan.
Population
The population is 22.8 million people. In terms of ethnic composition, the inhabitants of Côte d’Ivoire practically do not differ from the inhabitants of other countries of Guinean Africa: there are more than 60 large and small nations in the country. Official language- French, but in everyday life the local languages of three main subgroups are widespread - Mande, Voltic and Guinean. Traditional cults are popular among the majority of the population; 25% are Muslims, 11% are Protestant Christians.
Economy
Cote d'Ivoire is an agricultural country. Main commercial crops: coffee, cocoa, rubber, bananas, oil palms. The country's subsoil is rich in minerals: granite rocks, diamonds, bauxite, tin and iron ores.
The first Europeans to arrive on the Guinean coast of West Africa in the mid-15th century. the Portuguese arrived. For a long time, almost until the end of the 19th century, this region of the continent was a “gold mine” for European slave traders, who founded fortified colony forts here. At the beginning of the 20th century. the territory of modern Côte d'Ivoire was captured by the French and included it in French West Africa, after the collapse, which in 1960 formed several new independent states on the African continent, including Ivory Coast. In 1983, the capital of the state was moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro.
Attractions
When entering the country, you must have a medical certificate indicating vaccination against yellow fever.
The tallest Christian cathedral on the planet, the Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Paix, is located in the city of Yamoussoukro. The height of the structure, including the dome and cross, is 158 m.
Côte d'Ivoire is a kind of working ethnographic museum, since on the territory of the country you can meet representatives of almost all nationalities inhabiting the Guinean coast of West Africa. Delving deeper into the state, the culture of the tribes inhabiting these lands becomes less urban and more distinctive. And in both capitals, large festivals and holidays are constantly held, which feature religious rites and celebrations of Christians, Muslims and local traditional customs.