Every person who from time to time gets out of the house into nature should be able to make a fire to cook food and warm up. However, not everyone can make a “Finnish candle” - a fire that never goes out on its own, even if there is snow, slush and gusty wind around.
Advantages of the Finnish candle
The main advantage of such a fire is that you don’t have to worry about it, even if there is dirt and slush around. In winter, you don’t have to worry that the snow under the fire will begin to melt and thereby extinguish the fire. Finally, a “Finnish candle” is safer than a regular fire in places where there is a lot of dry grass and leaves. Finally, such a fire can simply be moved from place to place. The “candle” will burn all night, and it will only require one log. And the shape of the fire is such that it is convenient to use when cooking - after all, pots or a kettle can simply be placed on top of a log, like on a burner.
How to make a “Finnish candle”
In order to make a “Finnish candle”, you need to have a log 30-50 cm thick, as well as a saw. The height of the log is not that important. The cut is made approximately three-quarters deep. Most often they cut into 4, 6 or 8 parts. After this, a small hole will appear in the log. Kindling will be placed and lit in it.
If you don’t have a saw at hand (and most likely you won’t have one on a hike), you can use an ax. In this case, it will be more difficult to make such a fire. The log needs to be split into four parts with an ax. Each piece will have to be ground down in the middle so that when they are put together, a hole will form. After this, all that remains is to tie the logs with a strong rope, or better yet, with wire.
Finally, a “candle” can be made by simply stacking several logs side by side. Each should be 5-15 cm thick. Uses 3 to 8 pieces of wood.
A spoon of tar
Finally, it is worth mentioning the disadvantages of the “Finnish candle”. Preparing such a fire requires a certain skill and experience. Also, as has already become clear, you need tools. " Finnish candle» not very good for heating. You also need to take into account the fact that if the fire has been extinguished, then lighting it again will be extremely problematic, almost impossible. It’s easier to prepare a new candle.
Continuing the topic, which will help in the country and in the forest.
The original mini-bonfire is also called a taiga, Indian, or Swedish candle. Thanks to the peculiarities of making Finnish candles and the use of intense flame, they successfully replace traditional fires on hikes, at picnics and evening gatherings in the yard. You need a minimum of tools and skills, 5-20 minutes of simple effort, and you will get a source of vertical flame with a burning duration of half an hour to 7 hours.
4 ways to make a Finnish candle
Using any method, a Finnish candle is made with your own hands from chock, sometimes replaced with a block of wood logs. Acceptable use small stumps, if only one piece of log is required. The duration of combustion depends on the length and diameter of the workpieces.
Method 1. Candle with paraffin wick
- Burning time: from 30 minutes.
- Production time: 20 minutes.
Tools and materials:
- drill with drill 20-30 mm;
- saw (manual, electric or diesel engine);
- sawing sawhorses;
- lighter;
- block for a candle;
- chump larger diameter for counterweight;
- paraffin or wax;
- paper or newspaper.
To get a fire with vertical burning, just light the wick. We recommend installing Finnish candles away from trees on paved or concrete areas, cleared ground, fire-resistant tiles, or a metal stand to prevent the surrounding vegetation from catching fire.
Method 2. Candle made from logs
- Burning time: up to 2.5 hours.
- Production time: 7-10 minutes.
Tools and materials:
- axe;
- a log or four logs.
Manufacturing sequence
The whole lump is split into four equal parts. The logs are installed vertically in the form of the original log. When a Finnish candle is made from ready-made firewood, logs of the same length and cross-section are selected, which together form a solid log. The design provides good air flow, but is not wind resistant enough.
Method 3. Three logs
- Burning time: from 7 hours.
- Production time: 5 minutes.
Necessary materials: 3 logs of the same height. No tools required.
Manufacturing sequence
Simplest a way to make a long-burning Finnish candle with your own hands. The blocks are installed in a circle with a small gap between them. Then a fire is built in the inner “well.” Unimpeded access to oxygen contributes to an intense flame, and thanks to large diameter the burning time is extended.
More heat is generated than with other taiga candle designs. It also ensures the greatest stability of a disposable oven. Disadvantage (the flame can be blown out by the wind. Tip: as it burns out, move the logs to the center to maintain the burning intensity.
Method 4. Primus
- Burning time: up to 3 hours.
- Production time: 20 minutes.
Tools and materials:
- axe;
- saw (optional);
- wire;
- a log or several logs.
Manufacturing sequence
This design provides intense hot flame. In the first two hours after ignition, you can cook or boil water on the mini-oven. The optimal size is considered to be when the length of the block is twice the diameter. You can create mini-bonfires with a height of 20-30 cm.
Tip: if you plan to cook, then make a Finnish candle with two shorter logs to improve air flow to the flame. Useful uses of a disposable stove in the household
The design represents a vertical furnace pyrolysis combustion. The peculiarity of this type of flame is the simultaneous combustion of both wood and the resulting wood gas. As a result, less soot and ash are formed, and the heat transfer of the flame is higher. Even a two-hour use of a Finnish candle helps solve many problems of arrangement and relaxation.
Culinary uses of Finnish candles
In the absence of summer kitchen and on hikes, disposable stoves can be easily adapted for the following tasks:
- cooking in cauldrons;
- singeing carcasses poultry, game;
- boiling water;
- heating food.
Unlike a stationary summer kitchen, a Finnish candle can be used anywhere on the site, or taken with you on a picnic or on a trip.
Landscape decoration
Mini bonfires are convenient to use for temporary illumination of dark areas without landscape lights. They create a warm cozy atmosphere and can complement decoration open areas holidays for special events. Finally, the spark plugs will be replaced street fires and fireplaces will help you relax by the fire during your evening relaxation.
Repair and construction use
Concentrated combustion has determined the advantage of using a Finnish candle compared to conventional fires for the following work:
- firing, heating of metal;
- melting of roofing felt or lump bitumen;
- firing and drying various surfaces and blanks.
Easy to manufacture, disposable ovens are compact, simple device, intense combustion and easy transportation. This enhances the attractiveness of Finnish candles for home or tourist use.
Video instructions for making a Finnish candle
Finnish candle at work
Finnish candle is the most common name for several fires of similar design, built inside a specially prepared log or between several combined logs standing vertically.
The design of the Finnish candle allows you to light a full-fledged fire with the least amount of fuel, in some cases making do with only one log. In addition, such candles tolerate windy weather well, and some of them tolerate precipitation when using dishes that cover the combustion area.
All versions of the Finnish candle are intended for cooking and lighting the area, and some of them are also used for heating and drying things.
This type of fire is economical, compact, easy to transport, its structure can be built in advance, compared to many other types of fires, it leaves only a small fire on the ground, and in some cases does not leave it at all.
Having been invented in the 30s of the last century by a citizen of Finland, the Finnish candle became widely known among hunters, tourists and other lovers active rest outdoors and is actively used to this day.
Its popularity is evidenced by the many names given to this fire. Among them: fire candle, forest candle, hunting candle, Indian candle, Indian torch, Swedish candle, Swedish fire, Scandinavian candle, taiga candle, Canadian candle, Roman candle, wooden primus stove, wood burning stove, enclosure, vertical fire made of logs.
Finnish candle options
The popularity of the fire could not leave the Finnish candle unchanged. As more and more people used the fire, it was built with various design changes and additions, in different conditions. And if the classic fire consisted of two halves of a log split with an ax, placed with the cleaved sides facing each other, then modern designs differ not only in structure, but also in the number of logs used.
I know of the following options for a forest candle:
- The classic version is made from a log split in two. This option consists of two halves of one log, placed with the cleaved surfaces facing each other. A fire is lit between the log halves. This option is easy to make, burns for a relatively long time and requires only one log. The space on the sides of the fire, where the gap is located between the halves of the log, can be used for heating or drying things.
- A log split into four pieces. This option is similar to the previous one, but instead of two halves, four quarters of one log burn in this fire. Due to the larger burning surface, such a fire burns more intensely, but not as long. Thanks to the larger number of cracks covered by fire, you can dry things or warm up on almost any side of the fire. However, such a torch is less stable and quickly falls apart when the logs burn out.
Swedish candle made from four parts of logs.
- Split log wired. This option is similar to the previous one, but all parts of the log are fastened together with wire. This kind of fire burns less intensely, but longer. Due to the almost complete absence of heat on the sides of the fire (when the parts of the log are tightly connected), it can be freely moved from place to place, but for the same reason this option cannot serve as an effective heater. Another disadvantage of this fire is the need to tie up quarters of logs, because wire may not always be at hand. And it’s not always possible for a beginner to light such a fire on the first try.
- Log with longitudinal cuts. Here, inside a thick log, two to four longitudinal cuts are usually made to a depth of 2/3 or 3/4 of the length of the log. These cuts serve to supply oxygen to the combustion source and at the same time act as this very source. This stove option is compact, easy to transport and can be recommended for organizing a fire if you have a chainsaw. Without a chainsaw, the construction of such a Swedish candle is impractical, although, of course, cuts can be made with an ordinary saw. This is a disposable type of forest candle, since it is difficult to extinguish the fire temporarily if necessary. As this stove burns, the middle in the upper part burns out first, the distance between the burning surfaces increases - and the fire goes into smoldering mode. This is not always convenient for cooking, but it is quite suitable for heating, especially since the cracks that emit heat become much larger than when lighting a fire. Among other things, this fire can be moved to a new place even during the burning process and, unlike most other versions of the Swedish candle, does not leave a fire on the ground, unless it burns out top part will not fall on the ground. However, starting this fire without oil, gasoline or other flammable liquids requires some skill and can be challenging for a beginner.
When using a chainsaw, such a fire is not only stable, but also beautiful.
The compactness and simplicity of this type of forest stove have made it very popular. There are advertisements on various websites on the Internet offering to buy such a wooden primus stove wholesale and retail, and on Youtube there are many videos on its manufacture and use. However, as for me, this torch is not entirely suitable for a hiker, and even more so for someone who finds himself in emergency situation in the wild natural environment, due to the complexity of manufacturing the described structure without the proper tools. This is an option not for a person surviving in nature who needs to make a fire with his own hands, but for a tourist who goes out into nature on vacation with all the necessary equipment.
These are the main four ways to create a candle fire, but there are other options:
The classic version of a log split in two is good if you have brushwood, which needs to be thrown into the fire from time to time, and a thick log. It is simple and can be recommended for cooking and boiling water in survival situations if you have a saw and an ax.
A log split into four parts can be recommended for short-term illumination of the area in those situations in which the classic version is made, but if it is necessary to warm up a group consisting of more than two people. However, if the fire is lit specifically to warm the group, it is better to use one of the taiga options, for example, Nodya.
A split log held together with wire is useful in situations that require cooking or lighting without the need for heating. Of course, it is used only when there is wire or other material available that allows you to securely fasten all parts of the log.
A log with longitudinal cuts is made with a chainsaw and a sufficient amount of gasoline. It is also convenient to use it if you have pre-prepared logs for picnics, fishing and other outdoor events.
A log with two holes, like a candle with cuts, is convenient for use outdoors in a pre-prepared form during the warm and rainy season.
Three logs placed side by side, as for me, along with the classic one, are one of the best options for a Finnish candle in emergency survival conditions. But unlike the classic one, this option requires the use of thinner logs, which means it is most appropriate if you have a saw and no ax.
The classic version of a log split in two
For classic version You can use a log with a diameter of 20–30 cm. The height of the log should be twice as large as the diameter. It is this ratio of diameter and height that is most acceptable for stability and uniform burning of not only the classic version, but also other types of fire-candles.
The log is split in two, and one part should be thicker than the other. Kindling chips are cut off from the thicker part and crushed for faster ignition. Both parts of the log are installed at a short distance from one another with the cuts facing each other. For stability, they can be supported with sticks or stones. Kindling is placed in the middle. The kindling is ignited, after which the fire gradually enters operating mode.
The photo shows the beginning of making such a fire:
When a sufficient amount of smoldering coals have formed on both parts of the log, this Finnish candle can burn without throwing additional brushwood into the middle. To do this, it is enough to adjust the gap between the parts of the log: too close a position will reduce the flow of oxygen to the combustion center - the fire will go into smoldering mode, and too far away will prevent the coals from heating each other until the fire appears, and the fire will go out.
If cooking is necessary, dishes with food are placed on the ends of both parts of the log. Additional tricks, as in some cases, which will be discussed a little later, are not required in this case. You can see what it looks like in the photo or video.
If the fire is temporarily not needed, parts of the log are moved away from one another - and the fire goes into smoldering mode, and after a while it finally goes out.
A log split into four pieces
This Finnish candle is prepared, lit and extinguished in the same way as the previous version, only in this case the log is split into four identical parts.
If you have good kindling, such a fire is relatively easy to start.
The kindling for this candle is collected separately or cut from the core of another split log, where it is usually dry even after prolonged rains.
To prepare food, the dishes are placed directly on the top end of the split log.
Split log held together with wire
For this Finnish candle, a sawn log is split into four equal parts. All parts are marked on the outside with a knife so that later all parts of the log can be assembled together with the smallest gaps between them. For each of the resulting parts, cut off the corner that was adjacent to the core in the log. The resulting shavings are used as kindling.
The core of logs is usually drier than the outer fabric, and therefore kindling from it is easier to light. Photo survival.com.ua
Also, for future ventilation, you can cut the lower edges of the log parts at an angle.
All parts of the log are connected in accordance with the marks on them and form cylindrical design with a square hole in the middle and triangular gaps at the bottom (if they were cut out of course), which are connected to the central hole.
The central hole formed after removing the core will act as a hearth.
In this position, the log is fastened with wire. A small stick is inserted under the wire and twisted until the wire securely holds all parts of the log together. What it looks like in the end is shown in the photo:
If there were no lower gaps for ventilation, this version of the Finnish candle can be installed on a small groove so that fresh air can freely penetrate from below into the central hole where the fire will burn.
A small fire is lit at the upper end of this candle, the coals of which fall into the hole and gradually ignite the entire structure.
According to some unverified data, such a candle can also be lit from below if wood shavings are loosely placed in the hole so as to provide free passage for air. Be that as it may, this version of the fire-candle remains one of the most inconvenient to light.
To cook food on such a candle, place three or four small identical flat stones under the dishes or place two green sticks in parallel. Sometimes, instead, 3-4 nails are driven into the top end so that they rise above the wood. This is necessary so that the gases released as a result of combustion can freely exit through the upper hole and not impede the flow of fresh air to the burning coals. If this is not done, the cookware will block the top hole and the fire may go out.
Log with longitudinal cuts
When making this version of a taiga candle, a chainsaw is most often used.
In a block of wood, usually two to four longitudinal cuts are made, going deep into 2/3, and sometimes 3/4 of its length. Although, if you plan to make a torch, then cuts are made on a long straight log only in the upper part. That's it - the Finnish candle is ready.
Today, the production of blanks for Finnish candles has been put into production due to their high demand among tourists and vacationers.
Such a candle is most often lit using alcohol, gasoline, machine or sunflower oil, or another flammable liquid. To do this, pour a small amount of the specified liquid into the center of the candle and, removing the container with this liquid safe distance, light a fire.
Attention!
It is prohibited to pour gasoline, alcohol and other flammable substances into an already burning or smoldering fire! Failure to comply with this rule may result in burns and an explosion of a container with flammable liquid.
For cooking, the dishes are placed directly on the top flat surface of the candle.
Such a candle is usually extinguished with water, after which it needs to be dried before relighting.
Log with two holes
For this candle, the log is placed on its end. A hole is made in the center to a depth of 3/4 of the height of the log with a gimlet or drill.
Afterwards, the log is placed on its side and a second hole is drilled in it, which should connect to the “bottom” of the first. This creates a log with an L-shaped tunnel. Residual chips from the tunnel are removed.
Such a candle is lit in two ways: from above or from below.
To ignite from above, a small fire is lit at the working end of the candle, the coals of which, falling into the hole, lead to the ignition of a vertical tunnel along the entire length of the structure.
To ignite from below, a flammable liquid is dripped into the upper hole, and the fire is brought on a splinter from the side hole.
The photo shows a candle that has already lit up:
If you have the tools, such a candle can be made from a stump, which is difficult to use as fuel in a regular fire. An example is shown in the photo:
Like the version with wire, this candle is lit with great difficulty compared to the same classic Finnish candle.
In this version of the oven, it is necessary to place stones or sticks under the dishes so that the bottom of the dish does not cover the outlet hole.
Such a candle is extinguished by blocking two holes at the same time.
Three logs placed side by side
To make this candle, three logs of equal height are cut out. On each of the three logs, the bark is removed from one side and shallow cuts are made to damage the wood fibers.
The logs are placed horizontally, one next to the other, so that the cleaned sides are as close to each other as possible and point upward. Kindling is placed on the logs and the fire is started.
When some of the logs under the fires become charred and begin to actively smolder, the logs are placed on their ends and the smoldering parts are pressed against each other. The gap between the logs is filled with embers from burnt brushwood and the brushwood itself. After this Finnish candle enters the operating mode, there is no need to add additional fuel: the coals of the logs heat each other, due to which a stable flame appears in the center of the structure.
An example of a candle made from three logs, not fastened to each other in any way.
The dishes are installed on top without additional tricks, since the gaps between the logs are sufficient to remove burnt gases from the combustion center.
If the logs are slightly different in length and for this reason do not allow you to place dishes on top of them, small depressions are made in the ground for longer logs. This way, when setting up a fire, the tops of the logs are leveled and allow you to place dishes on them without any problems.
In order to extinguish such a fire-candle, you simply need to move the logs away from one another.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Finnish candle, like other fires, has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, due to the fact that there are many options for this fire, here we will list only those that are characteristic of most of them.
The advantages of such a fire include:
- Economical. For a taiga candle, often just one small log is enough; you can make a stove with your own hands or buy it in a specialized store.
- Compactness. It is convenient to transport the preparation for this fire in a car or put it under an awning while outdoors.
- Safety. Some options allow you to use fire even on peat bogs. However, if there is no urgent need, you should not take unnecessary risks, and it is better to light a fire far from the peat bog.
- Mobility. Some versions of the Swedish candle can be easily transported over long distances even while burning.
- Eco-friendly and discreet. Some options Indian candle They do not leave traces of combustion on the ground at all.
- Insensitivity to weather conditions. Almost all bonfire candles are resistant to strong wind and precipitation when using dishes that can cover the combustion area.
- Possibility to “preserve” the fire. Some versions of the taiga candle, being extinguished and stored in a place protected from precipitation, allow you to re-ignite the flame without much difficulty when the need arises. Often this requires only a spark, struck by striking a flint against a high-carbon steel knife, or sun rays, concentrated to a point using a lens.
- Need for tools. Without a saw or an ax, making a Finnish candle will be problematic.
- The need for a tree trunk of a certain thickness. It is not possible to find dead wood of the required diameter suitable for a fireplace in every area. For example, such raw materials may not be available in the tundra, field or steppe.
- The failure of a fire-candle as a heater. A Finnish candle often produces less heat compared to more well-known types of fires, for example, a “hut” or a “well”.
- Possibility of installing only one dish over the Indian candles. It is unlikely that you will be able to cook food or boil water at the same time in several large cauldrons due to the small working surface of the candle fire.
Since a survivalist usually does not have a chainsaw, this type of candle is not suitable for survival purposes.
It is useful to focus on this information when you know the conditions in which the fire will be lit and the tasks that need to be solved with its help.
Security measures
Despite the “carefulness” of a taiga candle when burning, as with any other fireplace, safety precautions must be observed when using it.
So, a place for a forest candle is chosen away from dry trees and thickets of dry reeds. This place is cleared of dry leaves and grass, pine needles and cones, in a word, everything that can cause the spread of fire.
When using flammable liquids to light a Finnish candle, the canisters with these liquids must be removed to a safe distance.
To prevent a pre-prepared candle from getting wet from precipitation, it can be placed under the tent awning or covered with a piece of polyethylene, pressing its edges to the ground with stones. If it rains lightly while this fire is burning, the container in which the food is cooked will protect the candle from extinguishing.
From the above, we can conclude that Finnish candles are good for cooking and lighting the area, and in some cases, heating. These fires can be recommended for a group of several people located in a forest area with a shortage of dead wood and the availability of tools for processing it.
Interesting video: how to make a Finnish candle in the wild
A Swedish or Finnish candle is a simple and convenient alternative to a tripod with a pot or even a stationary outdoor stove.
Let's talk about something so simple, but very effective method build a fire, a real torch for lighting and cooking, like a Swedish candle. This method has other names: “ Finnish Primus", "hunting candle", "Indian candle", "Canadian torch". The option is simple, but very interesting.
How to make a Finnish Primus
The Finnish primus does not require candles at all! All that is required to create a Swedish candle is a suitable piece of log or log.
The wood for such an original hearth can be anything. According to reviews, pine and spruce are often used as the most available options, however, these woods do spark when burning, so care should be taken. Birch burns very strongly and produces smoke. But aspen is an ideal tree for a Swedish candle.
A piece of wood about half a meter high is required, although sometimes a log is taken a little higher or lower. The main thing is that it is level and can stand vertically. The diameter of the log can be from 10 to 40 cm.
The size of the log depends on the purpose for which you will use it. If you want to cook food over an open fire, you should take a log that is thicker, but relatively short and stable. A taller, but thinner log is suitable for lighting; it can be moved if necessary.
Important! The piece of log must be dry! A wet log burns very poorly, smokes a lot, and most likely you won’t be able to light a fire at all.
The logs are cut using a chainsaw. You can use a regular saw, but the process will be much longer and you will have to put in more effort. The cuts should be approximately three-quarters of the log's height. They are made crosswise. It's very similar to cutting a cake, the pieces on top look exactly like this.
How many cuts to make is up to you. Four is the minimum, you can do six or eight. Remember that the more cuts you make, the faster your log will burn!
To start the combustion process, we recommend pouring a little gasoline into the center of the cuts and then setting it on fire. A Swedish candle burns much more economically than a regular fire. It burns for a long time, the flame is even, and you can put a kettle, pot, or frying pan on top of the log. You will definitely have time to cook food on a live fire.
The second way to make a Swedish candle is to saw and split the block of wood completely into four parts. The core is removed a little so that there is empty space inside. Then the four logs are folded back into one log, secured, and wrapped with wire. In this case, sawdust can be placed in the hole in the center, which will serve as kindling.
Making a Swedish candle or Finnish primus stove yourself is very simple, although you can buy blanks already cut if you are going into nature and are not sure that you can find a suitable log in the forest.
A simple but convenient fire that burns brightly and for a long time can be built on any flat area; sometimes the log is placed on stones or other support.
Even barbecue is prepared with the help of a Swedish or taiga candle. We are sure that you will appreciate this option for creating a fireplace, especially if you often go out into nature. However, during a picnic in your own yard, you can also surprise guests with this method of making a fire. published
If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project.
On a hike or just on vacation, a log fire can perform more than one function, such as lighting, heating or cooking, scaring away animals, but several at the same time. You can light it in a traditional or exotic way, but you only need the most basic tools. In addition, a type of fire such as a Finnish candle (other names are Indian, Swedish, wood-burning primus) replaces a tripod for a cauldron.
Step-by-step instructions for making a Finnish candle
Before making a Finnish candle, prepare a saw, wire or adhesive tape, nails and a log that will become a candle. And then to make an Indian candle, follow the instructions:
1. Find a dry log with a diameter of 10-40 cm without knots. The tree can be anything, just keep in mind that each type has its own characteristics. For example, spruce and pine sparkle when burned, so it is better not to use them for heating. You need to be careful with birch, because it burns very strongly, you can get burned, and it smokes a little due to the tar in the bark. Best option– well-dried aspen. When burning, its flame is even and colorless.
2. Cut it depending on the purpose of the candle (15-40 cm). If you will be lighting a fire for cooking, use a log that is thick and short so that you can place the dishes directly on it. The candle will be stable. For lighting, on the contrary, a long and thin candle that can be carried if necessary will be convenient. And for heating you need a thick and long one so that for a long time burn.
3. Split a dry log into four pieces. These will later be used to make a Swedish fire.
4. In each part, remove the middle so that when assembling the log you get a hole with a diameter of 5-7 cm, and make small notches. Perfect option, if you find a hollow tree. After cutting or splitting, you will need to scrape out the rotten middle of the hollow.
5. Fold 4 logs into a single log, wrapping them with wire, trying to leave as few gaps as possible. This will prevent them from falling apart and quickly burning through large gaps. This way you should end up with a solid log with an empty middle.
6. Place the sawdust that remains after cutting off the middle or birch bark into the opening for kindling. The filling of a wooden kerosene stove and its location affects the degree of combustion. Located at the top of the hole, birch bark will burn for a long time, only weakly. This candle is more suitable for warming up food or for heating. Well, if you put the birch bark on the bottom, the fire will be very strong, which is good for cooking or lighting, but the candle will not last long. The best option is its location in the middle. Also make sure that there is draft for combustion. To do this, place the candle on stones or logs.
That's all the instructions on how to make a taiga candle.
Now you can use a Swedish fire, which will be very convenient for cooking. Convenience lies in the ability to adjust the strength of the flame by blocking the access of air from below with a lid, earth, snow, etc. The food will be cooked in hot smoke, since the Finnish candle will smolder from the inside and not burn.
