Tripointed girlish grapes: photo, description, planting and care. Three-walled virgin vicha grape

Maiden grapes- a plant from the Vinogradov family. At the moment there are more than 10 species. Most of them grow naturally in Asia and North America. Some species of this plant are used in landscape design.

The name of the plant comes from the Greek words “parthenos”, meaning “virgin”, and “kissos” - “ivy”. This plant was named so because of its ability to bear fruit without being pollinated. The flowers are quite attractive, but unfortunately they are not edible. For this reason, the plant is called wild grape. The flowers of many varieties are collected in corymbose inflorescences.
On a hot summer day, a gazebo covered with vine leaves will be a wonderful place to relax. The climbing shoots of the vines are good at masking the shortcomings of various buildings, decorating the fence and forming a hedge.

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Nowadays, many plant varieties are known that are used in landscape design. The most famous among them are the following:

five leaf;
tripointed.

Both species are quite hardy and unpretentious to lighting conditions. Their main advantage is resistance to disease.

The five-leaf grape, or as it is also called - virginia, can grow up to 20 meters in height. Its homeland is North America. In Russia it is widely used for vertical gardening. It can grow even in Western Siberia, but it will need shelter for the winter.

Its description:

white flowers, small size;
the leaves of this species are bright green in summer, and then turn red;
the leaf itself has a sharp edge top part and long petioles;
grape flowers bloom in July;
the growth of five-leaved shoots occurs quickly; during the growth process, the vine clings to the supports with its tendrils, and the suction cups help it hold on to various surfaces;
in autumn the flowers give way to blue berries;
five-leaf grapes are very unpretentious to growing conditions and tolerate transplantation well;
this variety prefers loose soils, but can grow in others;
every year the grape vine grows 2.5 m;
Pests rarely bother Virginia grapes, but sometimes slugs can become a problem.

Don Juan

It is considered the most valuable and popular five-leaf variety.

This is a large vine that climbs and grows well. This is very decorative variety and is used for landscaping. They are great for decorating walls, pergolas, gazebos, arches and fences.

Description:

Don Juan is unpretentious in soil conditions, easily tolerates shade, and can be grown in urban conditions.
The flowers of this grape variety are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, and its fruits are blue-black with a bluish bloom.
The leaves are compound and pointed at the top. In autumn the color is crimson or purple.
Young shoots have a reddish tint, and older shoots are green; the tendrils of this variety have up to 8 branches, which thicken at the tips.
Grows up to 20 m in height.
It can be used for all types of vertical landscaping, including decorating a fence in a city house.

Triacum, or maiden ivy, is native to China. The liana of this variety is very frost-resistant, and the leaves are attractive and decorative. IN autumn period The foliage has a bright red color. There is a variety with purple leaves or burgundy color, and its species are also known that have golden and green leaves with yellow splashes.

Vici grapes

The most common among the tripoints is the Vici grape, which is characterized by small and smooth leaves.

The leaf color is green in summer and orange in autumn.
Vicha's flowers are inconspicuous with narrow, oblong racemes.
Within one year, the Vici vine can grow 4 m.
The shoots are attached to the fence or walls using suction cups.
This grape has the property of secreting a sticky liquid that holds the vine on almost all surfaces.
Vicha's roots are shallow, which makes it possible to grow it at home in a pot or plant the plant on the balcony.

This ivy is insensitive to polluted air and exhaust gases, so it can be grown near the road, like hedge, but this variety requires shelter in winter.

I would especially like to highlight this variety.

It grows quickly and is frost-resistant.
The plant pleases with green foliage all summer, and in the fall it paints the facade of the house and the fence with yellow and red shades.
Flowers of this variety are inferior in decorativeness to beautiful bright leaves.

This plant looks great on the balcony, and it can also be used to decorate trees in the country or as a screen for a gazebo. This ivy is also good for strengthening slopes.

How a vine decorates a fence, look at the photo:

This variety is best planted where the soil is sufficiently drained and fertile.

Benefits of the plant

Many gardeners argue about the benefits of this plant. Most believe that it will help to perfectly decorate all the shortcomings of the garden facade, but there are those who fear that, as the ivy grows, on the contrary, it will damage the foundation and buildings.

In fact, such a plant has a number of advantages:

has an attractive appearance from the very beginning of summer until mid-autumn;
can provide a dense green “screen”, growing on a support;
able to grow on any soil, unpretentious in care;
not afraid weather conditions;
It is not difficult to propagate this ivy;
is not subject to attacks by pests and various diseases.

Having such a list positive qualities, this plant is gaining increasing popularity among gardeners. You don’t have to worry about your facade, since the ivy does not reach the mass that could damage the structure.

Landing

When choosing a place to plant this plant, you need to know that it is unpretentious to soil conditions and can be planted anywhere. If you grow this ivy in the western or north side plot, the leaves will be small and the color will not change. Such a vine will show all its beauty on the sunny side.

Plant a plant better in spring- from April to May.
Before planting in the soil, it needs to be dug well, and in the summer it is necessary to water the young seedlings properly.
To plant, you need to dig a hole half a meter deep and wide and put broken brick, sand and peat compost on the bottom for drainage. If you do everything exactly like this, and then add fertilizer, then in the next couple of years you won’t have to think about feeding.
It is necessary to plant so that the root collar is located at ground level. It is advisable to make space between holes of 50 cm.

Growing

Growing the plant at home is done by layering and cuttings, or you can grow such a plant from seedlings. If there are mature grapes at a neighboring dacha, then you can take cuttings from your neighbors or purchase planting material at the market or in a store.

If you are going to plant cuttings, then first cut them so that at least 4 buds remain on the shoot:

at the time of planting, two buds remain above the soil, and two in it;
the planted cuttings must be protected from sun rays and water regularly;
cuttings that have already become lignified are better accepted.
Preparation of cuttings is done in spring period when the plant has not yet begun to actively grow.

Growing grapes from long stem cuttings at home is a little more difficult. First of all, a two-meter vine is cut from an adult plant and buried 2 cm into the ground. It remains there until roots appear on the nodules, and it will need to be constantly watered. After the roots appear, the long shoot is divided into several pieces that need to be planted in the ground. The distance between planted cuttings should be 30 cm. They should not be planted in hot weather.

You can also grow a plant with seeds, but this is a very difficult task and requires knowledge and experience. It is better to read in advance how to propagate such grapes using seedlings in specialized literature or watch video lessons. Grapes develop rather slowly, and the process of growing with seeds is longer than with layering or cuttings.

Planting seeds can be done either in autumn or spring.

Before seedlings are planted, they must undergo a stratification process.
2 months before planting, the seedlings are placed in a container with moistened sand, which is placed in the refrigerator.
The temperature in the refrigerator is set at +5.
If you plant seedlings in the autumn, then expect shoots only to next year, and if in the spring, then shoots will appear in a month.
Seedlings do not spoil for a long period of time and can be stored at home or in the country.

You can grow grapes from seeds at home on your balcony. To do this, they are planted in pots with soil, which should then be covered with film and placed in the sun, and seedlings will not take long to appear.

Care

The plant is easy to care for. Thanks to this, all care consists only of rare watering during dry periods and trimming excess branches. Watering should be moderate - 2-4 times in one season. Each plant requires about 9-10 liters of water. If it is very hot, watering will need to be done more often. The soil should not dry out completely. As with other plants, it is necessary to loosen the soil and remove weeds. In spring, you need to trim off frozen and dry ends.

In order for you to have more complete information, we invite you to watch the video - planting and care:

Maiden grape (Parthenocissus) belongs to a genus of plants from the Grape family. These ornamental grapes grow quickly, are represented by a dozen species, are widely used in landscape gardening and produce inedible berries.

Maiden grapes have become widespread in the territory North America, in East Asia and the Himalayas. It takes root best in areas characterized by moderate climatic conditions. The triacum maiden grape grows in large quantities in the southwest of Primorye, Japan and Korea.

The five-leaf species (P. quinquefolia) is represented by a vine with woody shoots up to 20-25 m high. Young shoots have a characteristic reddish color, which over time changes to brownish green color. The foliage is palmate, petiolate, alternately arranged.

In autumn, the leaves become red or purple. The plant is able to cling to surfaces and projections of walls with the help of thin and well-branched tendrils that grow from the nodal part of the foliage and are modified inflorescences. The flowers are small, pale green or pale yellow in color, collected in paniculate-type inflorescences. After flowering, small fruits and berries with seeds are formed.

Less common are the tripointed species, which has three-lobed and trifoliate green foliage, and the attached species, which forms a medium-sized vine with palmately compound, three- to five-leafed leaves.

The most popular varieties of five-leaf fida in our country are small-leaved "Engelman" and decorative leaf "Wall". Popular varieties of triostrine species include variegated "Golden" and red leaf "Purple", and "Vici."

This ornamental crop is absolutely unpretentious and can be grown both in sunny areas and in shaded areas. Light level affects the intensity of foliage coloring.

The grapes grown in the southern areas change in autumn green tint foliage to red, orange or burgundy coloring. Planting the crop on the north side allows you to maintain the green color of the leaves until the leaves fall. The soil must be sufficiently fertile, with good air permeability.

The standard process of planting virgin grapes consists of the following simple steps:

digging up and clearing the area of weeds about a week before planting the ornamental crop;
preparing planting pits of sufficient size with the arrangement of a drainage layer of broken bricks, crushed stone or pebbles;
backfilling on top of the drainage layer with a relatively high layer of medium-grained sand;
preparing and filling a soil mixture based on two parts garden soil, two parts compost and part sand.

Filled with nutritious soil substrate the hole needs to be planted with a maiden grape seedling, after which it is enough to water the plant abundantly.

Proper care of a fast-growing crop includes mandatory formation. Pruning of woody shoots is carried out in the autumn. Annual green branches can be pruned throughout the entire active growing season.

It is necessary to water the plant moderately, only three to four times throughout the entire season, using about a bucket of water for each plant. Good The result is achieved by fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, as well as mulching the soil with organic matter.

Propagation by cuttings is most popular in home gardening. Standard cuttings make it very easy to obtain a large amount of high-quality planting material.

Many gardeners prefer to propagate ornamental crops by layering. This method is considered one of the easiest and most convenient. In early spring, two-year or three-year-old shoots should be selected from grape bushes and fixed with special metal studs on the ground surface.

The attachment point is sprinkled with soil, and standard care consists of: regular watering. After about a year, at the beginning of next spring, the rooted branches should be cut off from the mother plant and then carefully dug up young plant with the root system and transfer to a previously prepared planting site.

It is not too difficult to propagate virgin grapes from seed. It should be noted that grapes germinate rather slowly. Seeds are sown in spring or autumn. Before spring sowing, seeds need stratification, which lasts about a month and a half. For stratification, moistened clean sand is used. A container filled with sand with planted seeds is placed in a cool place with temperature conditions within 4-5°C. After stratification, the grapes form shoots in about three weeks. Sowing in the autumn allows you to get seedlings no earlier than spring next year.

In the spring-summer period, cuttings are made from last year's woody shoots. Cuttings take root most quickly, in the nodes of which the rudiments of the future root system are already present., represented by small outgrowths. The rooting rate in this case is almost one hundred percent. Each cutting should have approximately two to four nodes.

Rooting can be done both in water and in soil. It is recommended to give preference to the second rooting option:

planting cuttings cut and treated with growth stimulants in seedling containers filled with a mixture based on non-acidic peat with the addition of clean river sand;
spring cuttings that do not have leaves need to be buried at the bottom node, and summer cuttings will require complete burial of last year’s piece of wood;
You need to install a support in each planting container and tie up the plant;
Water thoroughly and place in a warm place with sufficient lighting.

Basic care consists of regular watering with settled water. The plant is planted in a permanent place in open ground only the next year.

Unpretentious, frost-resistant and shade-tolerant decorative liana grows quite quickly. Even small seedlings are capable of forming approximately 80-110 cm of young growth within one season.

More mature plants annually produce about one and a half meters of growth, so in five years such an ornamental crop can completely entangle its aerial parts two-story building. It is best to plant girlish grapes in sunny areas, where the plant grows faster and the coloring of the leaves is more picturesque.

Options for using plants in landscape design

In cultivation, the vine-like plant, virgin grapes, is very widely used when performing landscaping on vertical walls and all kinds of fences. Decorative culture can be used in decorating almost any vertical structures, including pergolas and walls located in semi-shaded or fairly shaded areas. It is also allowed to grow virgin grapes on balconies and loggias.

It should be remembered that growing virgin grapes can be associated with some complications. The plant's strong root system is capable of destroying the foundation, as well as a fast and aggressive plant, the crop can suppress the growth of all plants around. A fast-growing vine very often penetrates under roofing materials and violates their integrity. Leaf litter also clogs drainage systems. It is best to plant the plant along the fence, around the veranda and gazebo.

Maiden grapes of any kind and regardless of the variety, propagate quite easily on their own, and are also completely unpretentious in care, thanks to which they have become extremely popular among domestic gardeners. When grown, such an ornamental crop does not require much attention, so it is well suited even for novice owners of household plots and garden plots.

The homeland of triacid grapes is Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, and southwest Primorye.
Triacum maiden grape(Parthenocissus tricuspidata) or ivy grapes, is a fairly frost-resistant perennial vine from the grape family.
The flowers of the tripoint grape are modest, and the small blue-violet fruits on red clusters are inedible. For gardeners, the main attraction of this plant lies in its beautiful leaves.

Garden forms of triacid grapes

The maiden triacum vine has decorative garden forms, which are valued for their unusual leaf configuration and beautiful coloring - not only in autumn, but throughout the entire season.
For example, ivy-shaped grapes purple(f. purpurea) has attractive dark purple leaves, and the form golden(f. aurata) yellow spots on green leaves.

(f. veitchii) is the most common garden form of this species. This vine has small smooth leaves, dense and leathery, beautiful shape. They are usually whole, three-lobed, ivy-like, or 2-3-leafed.
In the summer, the leaves of the triacid Vicha grape are dark green, and in the fall they turn bright orange-red. After the leaf fall is over, the graceful shoots of the vine are clearly visible, which are also a kind of decoration.

Maiden grapes Vicha in landscape design

Virgin grapes Vicha as ornamental plant widely used in gardens and parks Far East, V Krasnodar region, in the Caucasus, the Baltic states, Ukraine and many European countries with mild climates.
In favorable conditions, the length of this beautiful vine reaches 39 meters! Behind garden season its fast-growing shoots grow 3-4 meters.

In the photo: Vicha grapes on a vertical support and in the form of an ampel

Ivy-shaped grapes of the Vicha form are used for vertical gardening of house walls, fences, and decorating balconies.
This tenacious vine easily climbs any support thanks to its branched tendrils. Its shoots are secured with the help of suction cups, the ends of which have swellings. From them, upon contact with a hard surface, an adhesive substance is released that firmly holds the vine on any surface - without any additional garters, the use of wire or mesh. Therefore, using this spectacular plant, you can decorate a house without any hassle, cover a garden shed and utility block with a “green screen,” plant trees on any fence, or create a thick cover for a gazebo.

Planted on retaining wall Vicha grapes behave like a hanging plant, sending shoots down.

If necessary, this beautiful vine can also be grown as a ground cover plant. In this case, Vicha grapes grow 3 meters wide and form a dense leafy carpet about 25 cm high on the ground, through which it is difficult for weeds to break through.

The roots of the Vicha maiden grape do not go deep into the ground, so this plant can be grown in containers.

Growing and propagating Vicha grapes

Maiden grape Vicha is undemanding to soil. It grows well in the sun and is shade-tolerant - even suitable for full shade. Therefore, in any garden you can find a suitable place for this ornamental plant.

When growing lianas in urban conditions, it is important that the tripoint grapes of the Vicha form are resistant to exhaust gases, smoke and dust.

I love this plant very much and propagate it for my garden and for other gardeners.
Tripointed Vicha grapes are easily propagated by seeds, root suckers and cuttings. This vine is also used as a rootstock for other forms and types of grapes.

It is better to sow Vicha grape seeds extracted from ripened fruits in the fall immediately to a permanent place, deepening them by 7 mm.
At spring sowing a 2-3 month stratification of seeds is carried out beforehand at a temperature of +3...+5 degrees.

In the first year, Vicha grape seedlings must be fed so that the young plants develop faster and have time to get stronger before the onset of autumn cold.

I water them twice a week and carefully loosen the soil around the growing vine.

Tripointed Vicha grapes can die in a cold winter with little snow. It is advisable to cover the young liana with leaves for the winter to protect it from freezing.

Svetlana Ivanovna Velikanova
Gardenia.ru "Floriculture: Pleasure and Benefit"

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Although a plant such as virgin grapes cannot boast of magnificent flowers or tasty berries, it does an excellent job of decorating. Gardeners and summer residents know how wonderfully this decorative vine can decorate an area or building, and is also able to delight with the brightness of the greenery of its leaves until the fall, after which the leaves will turn red and last in this form until frost.

Maiden grape five-leaf

Amur grapes

How to prepare the ground

Despite the unpretentiousness of virgin grapes, there are some requirements for soil quality that should be remembered:

planting is possible only on previously cultivated land;
the soil must be of high fertility;
the soil must have excellent moisture permeability.

Planting virgin grapes

There are no special requirements when choosing a landing site. Grapes can be planted on absolutely any side of a building or fence. True, on the northern and western sides the leaves of the plant will be smaller, and their color will not change until the onset of frost. But on the sunny side, the grapes will grow to their full potential. Although there are no specific rules regarding the time of planting virgin grapes and planting can be done in both spring and autumn, growing virgin grapes is not so easy, since the seeds are often hollow. The best time Autumn is considered for planting, since in the spring there will be stratification for several months. To speed up this process, the seeds should be soaked in water for a couple of days, which needs to be changed every day. During the entire stratification period, it is worth very carefully monitoring the level of sand moisture and the pecking of seed material. Those who do not want to bother with seeds should choose the method of planting grapes using cuttings. Seedlings are being planted in early spring and between them it is necessary to maintain a distance of one meter. For cuttings, it is necessary to prepare square holes 50 cm deep, filling them with fertile soil. There is also the possibility of propagating grapes by root suckers. This method is the most convenient, since the root shoots are easily removed and then placed in the ground.

Maiden grapes on the gazebo

Hedge fence

Caring for virgin grapes

Caring for the plant consists of installing supports, tying up and feeding the plants. Despite the resistance of this type of grape to drought, this may well cause it to lose its decorative properties. But you don’t have to worry about fungal diseases and damage from various insects, since virgin grapes are not susceptible to this. Due to its rapid growth, the plant can gain about 3 meters in a year, which directly depends on the type of soil and the degree of watering.

"Carpet Wall" - climbing decorative grape "Vici"

The plant can grow both in the shade and in the sun, but it becomes particularly attractive only in conditions of good lighting. Even without special care for the grapes, but provided there is excellent soil and moderate humidity, you can get such a long plant that you will have to unravel it.

Pruning virgin grapes

To prevent the plant from becoming tangled, it is necessary to perform regular pruning, thus removing tendrils that grow in the “wrong” direction. But pruning grapes in the spring will provide excellent material for propagation and rooting.

For the pruning procedure, sharp pruning shears are most often used. When carrying out sanitary pruning, the cut must be made immediately above a healthy bud. To return the plant to its previous length, you just need to cut off all the tangled and thickened lashes.

Preparing for winter

The plant is not afraid of light frosts, as it is resistant to them. That is why often preparation for winter consists of clearing leaves and formative pruning, which should not be forgotten so that in the future the grapes do not reach catastrophic sizes. Despite the excellent frost resistance of the plant, it is still better to remove young shoots from the support in the fall to avoid being covered with snow. If the winter is expected to have little snow, then the root zone should be covered with soil or dry peat.

Maiden grapes photo

In place of the fence support

Vertical gardening

Autumn wild grapes

Green facade

Name: from the Greek words ‘partenos’ - virgin and ‘kisses’ - ivy; similar to the growth form of ivy.

Description: includes about 10 species native to North America, East Asia and the Himalayas.

Large, woody, deciduous, rarely evergreen vines, covered with dense bark. The antennae are branched, tenaciously enveloping the support, wrapping around it, or thickened and expanded into oval “suckers” that grow to the supports, especially to flat, rough surfaces. The leaves are palmate, compound, some three-lobed, on long petioles. The inflorescences are corymbose, hanging, without tendrils, developing opposite the leaves or in their axils. The flowers are bisexual or functionally staminate, with a greenish corolla. The fruit is a dark blue, inedible berry. For decorative purposes, 3 types are most often used.

The first information about testing species of this genus in open ground botanical garden of St. Petersburg belong to P. quinquefolia(L.) Planch. (= Ampelopsis hederacea DC, A. quinquefolia Michx., Vitis hederacea Ehrh.) (1824-1945, before 1961-1981-?; 1927-1938 - pot. arb.).

R. tricuspidata(Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. (= Vitis inconstans Miq.) was first tested in 1881-1887. A specimen that had been in a potted arboretum since 1892 (seeds from Tokyo, Japan) was planted in a nursery in August 1940 - its fate is unknown. Tested by A.G. Golovach in the 60-70s. XX century, but with negative results (Golovach, 1973). From 1994 to 2005 available in the collection. The species is listed in the Red Book of the USSR (1984) and the Red Book of the RSFSR (1988).

First attempt to grow P.t. f. veitchii(Graebn.) Rehder (= A. veitchii Anon.) was not successful, and was later in the Garden in 1959-1965. From 1948 to 1957 he grew up at the nursery P. henryana(Hemsl.) Diels et Gilg. (= P. henryi Graebn.).

Message from V.V. Shulgina (1958) about cultivation in the Garden P. thomsonii(Laws.) Planch, could not be documented, as well as the year of appearance in the collection P. quinquifolia f. murorum(Focke) Rehder, planted near the greenhouse No. 17 scientific. 114 A.G. Golovach, probably in the 70s. XX century and growing until 2005. Due to inaccuracies in the identification of specimens growing near the arches at the entrances to the Northern and Southern courtyards, it remains to be assumed that the specimens currently available here P. quinquifolia x P. inserta were originally planted before 1936 (according to A.G. Golovach, 1973, in 1914).

Maiden grape vicha

Maiden grapes attached-Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.) K. Fritsch

Originally from North America.

Liana up to 3 m long with green bark on young shoots and yellowish-gray on mature ones. The stems rise upward with the help of tendrils and underdeveloped suckers. The beautiful palmately compound leaves consist of three to five ovoid or elliptical leaflets with an acute apex and a wedge-shaped base, with a shiny dark green top and a lighter underside. Its culture is used in landscaping many cities in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries. St. Petersburg is suffering from frost.

For better germination, seeds require stratification at 5 - 7 °C for 2 months. Embedment depth 0.7 cm.

Close to him D. V. seven-leaved- P. heptaphylla (Вукл.) Вritt. from North America, deserves to be tested in Central Asia and in Transcaucasia.

Five leaf girl grapes, or Virginia grapes-Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

Homeland eastern North America. A common plant in moist forests and scrubland in moist, rich soils.

Large climbing vine up to 15-20 m. Young shoots are reddish, later dark green, tendrils with 3-8 branches ending in oval thickenings. The leaves are compound and palmate. The leaves are petiolate, up to 10 cm, ovate or oblong, with a pointed tip, dark green above, lighter below, bluish. Flowers are on thin stalks in 3-6-flowered umbels, collected in apical inflorescences. The fruit is a bluish-black berry with a bluish bloom.

In GBS since 1969, 2 samples (8 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from a culture of unknown origin. At 13 years old, the shoots are 3.5 m long. Vegetation period is from late April to mid-October. At a young age it grows slowly, then faster. It blooms and bears fruit annually, starting from 4 years old, profusely. Blooms in the first half of July, 10-12 days. The fruits ripen in mid-late September. Winter hardiness is high. Seed viability 65%, germination 34%. 100% of summer cuttings take root.

It grows very quickly and is shade-tolerant. It is very frost-resistant, can grow north of St. Petersburg without shelter, grows on any soil, and tolerates city conditions well. Almost not damaged by insects and fungal diseases. Durable. Easily propagated by seeds and cuttings. Can be used as a rootstock for decorative forms. In culture since 1622.

At room temperature, seeds remain viable for up to 1 year. Sowing in the fall after collection or in the spring after stratification a month before sowing, 3 - 4 days before sowing, it is recommended to soak stratified seeds in water. The seeding depth is 1 - 1.2 cm.

Together with forms, one of the most valuable types for vertical gardening due to its ability to be fixed on steep surfaces. Decorative with ornamental foliage, especially spectacular in autumn.

The most decorative forms: Engelman(f. Engelmanii) - differs from the typical one in smaller foliage; wall(f. murorom) - with tendrils that have numerous branches with thickened “suckers” that allow the plant to attach to a steep, smooth surface; in addition, this form covers decoration objects more densely and evenly. In autumn, its dark green leaves turn a striking crimson or purple color. Less frost-resistant than the main form, quite winter-hardy in Moscow and St. Petersburg; hairy(f. hirsuta) - young shoots and leaves below are soft fluffy, red, less frost-resistant than the main species; f. Sanct-Paulii- with pubescent young shoots, tendrils with up to 12 branches, elongated inflorescences.

Photos on the left of Olga Bondareva
Photo on the right of Alexandra Shcherbakova, Garden Collection company

Triacum maiden grape, or ivy grape-Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. et Ziicc.) Planch.

Homeland Japan, extreme southwest of Primorye, Korean Peninsula, China.

Liana with strongly branched tendrils, with numerous suckers. The leaves are up to 20 cm in diameter, very diverse in shape on the same plant: three-lobed, triangular, bladeless, round, heart-shaped. In spring the leaves are bright purple, in autumn they turn bronze, golden yellow or red. Small, inconspicuous flowers in narrow, oblong racemes. The fruits are bluish-black with a bluish bloom, up to 0.6 cm in diameter. A relatively low-frost-hardy species, it can withstand short-term temperature drops down to -15°C. It grows excellently in the Carpathian and Transcarpathian regions, forming continuous carpets on the walls and covering many buildings with greenery. It was freezing in St. Petersburg.

One of the spectacular types of grapes for wall decoration. Its leaves, arranged tiledly above each other, form a thick, almost flat ornamental green covering, colored in bright orange and scarlet tones in autumn. The densely branched antennae are so firmly attached to the surface that they are difficult to tear off. Smooth as varnished foliage, it resists smoke and dust well. In culture since 1862.

The seed has intermediate dormancy and requires stratification in sand or peat at 5 °C for 2 months. Seed placement depth is 0.7 cm.

The most common forms: Vicha(f. veitchii) - with smaller leaves, simple or three-leafed; purple(f. purpurea) - with dark purple leaves throughout the summer; golden(f. aurata) - with marbled leaves, the green color of which alternates with golden-yellow spots.

Photo by EDSR.

Location: It is better to choose illuminated places, since the plant is light-loving, but quite shade-tolerant, so it also grows in partial shade.

Landing: the distance between plants is 1 m. Two-three-year-old seedlings can be planted in spring or autumn. Tolerates transplantation well. Dimensions of the planting hole are 50 x 50 x 60 cm. Drainage is made from broken bricks, crushed stone, sand in a layer of 20 cm. Then fill the hole with a soil mixture of leaf soil, peat compost, sand (2: 2: 1). Make sure that the root collar is located at soil level.

Photo by Mikhail Polotnov

Care: Fertilizing is carried out twice per season: in spring or early summer, 40 - 50 g of nitroammofoska are applied per 1 m2, and during the period of active growth - 100 - 120 g of Kemira-universal. Watering is moderate, 8 - 10 liters per plant three to four times per season; in dry and hot summers, watering is increased to 20 liters. Loosening and mulching carried out simultaneously with the removal of weeds and when compacting the soil. It is necessary to add soil if the roots are exposed. The mulch layer should be at least 6 cm. Pruning includes the removal of dry shoots and excess branches if the vine has gone beyond the support or the area designated for it. The liana needs support up to 20 m high. Maiden grapes are resistant to damage by insects and diseases. Adult plants of five-leaved maiden grapes overwinter without shelter. It is recommended to remove the plants from the support and leave them on the ground under the snow.

Reproduction: easily propagated by seeds, root suckers and cuttings. In addition, other types and varieties of grapes are grafted on it.

Usage: Maiden grapes deserve wider distribution in amateur gardening.

Read: B.S. SIDORUK " GIRL'S GRAPES AS A GRAPES"

The difference between virgin grapes and ordinary ones is that they develop and grow a little differently, produce slightly different fruits from other grape varieties, and also have a reddish color, which shows the unusualness of its variety, which makes it even more attractive and impossible not to plant. , I’m telling you more than a hundred percent!

Maiden grapes have their own unique history. One of the seven wonders of the world includes a miracle called the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. At one time, Queen Semiramis grew gardens of unprecedented beauty, which, like vines, entwined the walls and hung in beautiful canopies over the heads of everyone who found themselves under them. With this grape variety you can extra costs see with your own eyes how the hanging gardens wind, and also invite guests to look and sit under them, citing the unusual nature of their shapes and origins.

Maiden grapes are very convenient in terms of propagation, because the place and method of planting are not very important. It is advised to plant girlish grapes using cuttings only because this method is much more convenient for the one who is planting, and not for propagating the plant itself. Where to plant, would you like to clarify? You can plant maiden grapes on the south side under abundant lighting, and on the north side of your garden/summer cottage, where there is insufficient sunlight and this will not affect the quality of the grapes in any way.

Video: Growing and caring for virgin grapes and lemongrass

The planting season is also not important for girlish grapes (isn’t it a joy and a marvelous wonder?), so you can stretch this period from spring to autumn, choosing any time that is convenient for you, which is very good - there is no need for extra energy expenditure and strength.

The cuttings that you must cut to propagate grapes should not be very thick, but not very thin either - focus on the thickness of the pen (a regular writing pen). The soil mixture is preferably nutritious, organic, although from the properties of the grapes we can understand that they can germinate, including virgin grapes, in any place given to them.

All about caring for girlish grapes

The main thing that should be on the cuttings is several buds, from which vine after vine will sprout, curl and stretch. Empty or bare cuttings are not boring to us - they are just twigs without life that you just stick into the soil.

After planting in the soil mixture, you can not water the grapes too much, and then all further care will consist of rather uncomfortable, and maybe for some, difficult manipulations - constant pruning (this is where the misfortune lies). After planting, virgin grapes need to be pruned by cuttings, removing unnecessary, improperly growing shoots, and also constantly directing them in one direction so that the crown is formed correctly.

After the grapes grow, they do not require too frequent watering. It is recommended to water virgin grapes no more than five times in one season, and if this season/seasons are generous with rain, then there is simply no need to water the grapes, because nature has done all the necessary care for you.

Maiden grapes are a climbing plant that adorns many parks and summer cottages. It is planted to decorate fences, open verandas and walls. Maiden grapes are not difficult to grow; gardeners propagate them by cuttings, layering, pieces of root (root suckers) and seeds.

In nature there are 10 wild species of this plant, but in gardens and vegetable gardens you can find three varieties:

attached;
five-leaved (virginian);
ivy-shaped trifoliate (triacute).

Breeders have developed dozens of cultivated varieties of this plant; seeds can be purchased in gardening departments and online stores. Nowadays, virgin grapes are grown in many regions of Russia and the CIS countries.

On a note! Pruning does not harm the plant; in abandoned gardens its vines grow up to 30 m or more in length. Maiden grapes have the unique ability to climb vertical walls using antennae, the tips of which have sticky round pads.

Selected varieties of virgin grapes are very decorative. The leaves of the vine are large, their edges are jagged. In summer, the foliage is bright green; in autumn, the leaves of plants planted on the sunny side turn red. If the grapes do not have enough sunlight, the leaves simply darken or remain green. In autumn, the foliage of some varieties turns not only purple, but also yellow. The length of the leaves reaches 10 cm.

Maiden grapes have a powerful root system, which grows strongly to the sides and in depth. Large leaves and powerful long stems need water and the roots, like pumps, “pump out” it from the soil. This vine, being planted near the walls, will take away excess moisture from under the house and foundation, there will be no mold on the walls of the building, and the air humidity inside will decrease. Can the maiden grapes creeping up the walls destroy them? There is no such data, but the active use of this plant for decorating old buildings in France, Germany and Spain allows us to assert that virgin grapes do not penetrate into stone walls and cannot destroy the stone foundation.

The plant tolerates pruning and shaping perfectly, which allows you to realize the most original ideas landscape designers and owners garden plots. Shaping, pruning and tying are done throughout the summer season.

Table. Popular varieties of virgin grapes.

Leaf color in autumn	Leaf color in summer	Liana length	How many years does a liana live?	Characteristics of the variety
Orange-red, red, crimson	Green	Up to 15 m	16-18 years old	Tripointed (ivy-shaped)
Yellow	Green	10-15 m	20 years	Five-leafed
Crimson, purple	Green	15-20 m	18-20 years old	Five-leafed
Purple	Green	up to 20 m	15-20 years	Five-leafed
Bronze red	Light green, green	8-12 m	12-16 years old	Tripointed (ivy-shaped)

All varieties described in the table can be planted with seeds.

The fruits of the plant are berries with seeds. The berries have a spherical or ellipsoidal shape, the diameter of the grapes is 5-8 mm. The peel of the fruit is dense and elastic. It can be dark red, blue, burgundy or purple. As the grapes ripen, they become almost black in color. There is a bluish or gray coating on the surface of the berries.

The grapes taste sour or sour-bitter, they contain a lot of oxalic acid and are inedible, although they are used in folk medicine. Poisoning can be caused by eating large quantities of berries. The pulp of grapes has a strong astringent effect. In winter, the fruits of the grapes are eaten by birds.

The berries of the virgin grapes ripen on branched clusters; dozens of fruits grow on one sour plant. Each fruit contains 3-4 seeds, which can be used to plant girlish grapes with seeds.

Collecting virgin grape seeds

The fruits ripen in early autumn or late August. It depends on the plant variety and the weather conditions of the region. If in the south of Russia and in the CIS countries grapes can be harvested already in mid-August, then in middle lane The fruits in the grapes will not ripen until mid-September. If you cut grape brushes with unripe berries, the seeds will be unsuitable for planting.

To obtain seeds, ripe berries need to be kept at home for 2-3 weeks, after which the skin of the berry is cut and the seeds are removed. The bones need to be washed and dried. After this, the seed material is placed in paper bags and placed in a dry room with moderate temperature and average humidity. Under such conditions, the seeds remain viable until spring.

Preparing seeds for spring planting

To the seeds of many cultivated plants storage conditions close to natural are needed, otherwise they germinate poorly and grow slowly. The seed preparation process takes different time For different varieties grapes In the instructions planting material Usually there is data on how long the process of preparing for planting takes. Stratification (cooling of wet grape seeds) begins a month or two in advance (depending on the plant variety). In a city apartment and rural house Seed stratification is carried out in the refrigerator, since it maintains constant temperature. To work, you need plastic bags with a sealed clasp or containers. We'll talk about this in more detail a little later.

On a note! Instead of cotton pads and napkins, you can use wet sand or sphagnum moss, but the seeds may get “lost” in dark material and will not be easy to find. Vermiculite or perlite is also used for stratification.

If you plan to plant virgin grape seeds in the fall, then no special preparation is needed. They are planted directly into the ground in mid-October or in the last ten days of the month. The weather should not be warm, otherwise the seeds will sprout and die from the cold.

Choosing a landing site

On the bags in which the seeds are sold, manufacturers indicate where it is best to plant a particular variety of vines. Some varieties of virgin grapes are loved sunny areas, others prefer shade or partial shade.

Breeders and gardeners know that if the foliage of virgin grapes is poorly illuminated by the sun (vines grow on the north side of the house, veranda), then in the fall it does not change color and remains green. If the plant is exposed to the sun most of the day, its leaves will turn red or purple in September.

Important! When choosing places to plant seeds and cuttings, you need to take into account that this creeping plant can climb not only walls - it climbs the trunks and branches of trees. The grapes can completely cover the fruit tree and even break it. Therefore, in the garden, girlish grapes require constant attention and pruning.

This crop tolerates winter well, the roots sprout, and virgin grapes can turn into a weed, which will take a lot of time to combat. Therefore, when planting grapes with seeds, you need to immediately plan how they will grow and form.

Preparing the soil for virgin grapes

This plant is unpretentious to the composition of the soil, but the seeds should be planted in well-dug and fertilized soil. Young sprouts are weak and do not do well with a lack of nutrients.

The beds for planting girlish grapes consist of two layers. The bottom layer is drainage. It may be granular or clastic natural material or rock that filters water well (sand, pebbles, crushed stone), or artificial materials with a non-aggressive composition (brick). The top (soil) layer should contain a moderate amount of nutrient organic matter and coarse sand. Drainage is necessary for good filtration of moisture and air flow to the roots of the plant. If the water stagnates, the maiden grapes will grow poorly and may die.

Caring for virgin grapes

The plant loves moderately fertilized soil, but in soil oversaturated with organic matter, grapes do poorly. Before planting seeds, you do not need to add any synthetic mineral fertilizers. If necessary, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers They are introduced during the period of rapid growth, in mid-summer. It can be saltpeter or nitroammophoska.

Maiden grapes require constant attention; they need to be trimmed, tied up, strengthened on trellises and supports almost every week. As a result, the gardener will receive beautiful garden forms that will delight the eye until late autumn and leaf fall. In order for the vines to curl smoothly and beautifully, trellises and nets are installed for them.

On a note! Maiden grapes will not grow well if the area is overgrown with weeds. Weeding should be carried out as necessary several times a season. This plant is not susceptible to fungal diseases, it is not touched by insect pests, but if the ground is covered with weeds and the weather is rainy, mold may appear in the soil layer and in the root system.

If there is no rain, plants with a developed root system need to be well watered once a week. Maiden grapes planted with seeds cannot form a strong root system in the first year of life. It needs to be watered more often as the soil in the beds dries out.

How to grow virgin grapes from seeds

You can start planting seeds as soon as the ground thaws and warms up. IN different regions In Russia and the CIS countries, planting times vary. In the middle zone this can be done in mid-April, in southern regions- in mid-March.

Important! You need to buy virgin grape seeds in advance, taking into account the fact that they need to be hardened and prepared before planting. Unprepared seeds may not sprout.

Step 1. Seed stratification. It is carried out for 1 or 2 months (the duration of certification must be clarified for each variety). In February, the seeds are placed in humid environment, using a material that can retain moisture, place in a plastic bag or container and place in the refrigerator.

Step 2. 2-3 days before planting in open ground, the seeds are removed from the refrigerator and soaked in water at room temperature. It is convenient to do this in a deep saucer with a cloth napkin.

Step 3. Preparing the beds. At the chosen location garden plot dig a pit (trench) 55-60 cm deep. The soil layer is piled next to the trench.

Step 4. Drainage is poured into the leveled pit in an even layer. This can be coarse river sand, pebbles, crushed stone, crushed red brick or expanded clay. You can prepare a mixture of these materials. The drainage thickness must be at least 20 cm.

Step 5. Enriched soil is poured over the drainage layer. The composition of the soil layer for virgin grapes includes:

2 parts of medium-fertilized garden soil (you can add rotted autumn leaves to it);
2 parts humus or herbal compost;
1 part sand.

The soil is leveled with shovels and rakes. After this, you can plant the seeds in the garden bed.

Step 6. Planting seeds. Make small holes in the soil, 0.7-1.2 cm deep. Place 1 seed in each hole and carefully cover it with soil. The distance between the holes depends on the grape variety and ranges from 50 cm to 1 m. In order not to injure the root system of plants, structures that will serve as support for vines are installed not during the period of rapid growth, but when planting seeds. In a few weeks, the soil will become compacted from watering, and therefore it will be difficult to place supports for the vines.

Step 7 Water the bed, making sure that the seeds do not end up on the surface.

Step 8 Top dressing organic fertilizers during the period of growth. When the seeds sprout and the fast growth stems, the vine can be fertilized with nitroammophoska (45 g of fertilizer per 1 square meter). In order for the vines to grow faster, they should be fed with a preparation to stimulate the growth of green mass (you can take the product “Kemira Universal” or any other).

Fertilizers are applied early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset. Solid and liquid preparations are diluted in 10 liters of water and watered the ground around the stems. The soil must be loosened before applying synthetic fertilizers.

On a note! Currently, breeders Western Europe and America, dozens of varieties of virgin grapes have been developed, which differ in size, leaf shape, length of vines, soil requirements and frost resistance. Among them there are varieties that like the sun and varieties that tolerate shade well.

Color autumn leaves The new varieties are very beautiful. Among them you can see very rich orange, burgundy, red, bronze, striped, bright golden yellow leaves. All new varieties can be planted not only by cuttings and layering, but also by seeds. It must be remembered that when planting hybrids with seeds, the quality will begin to be lost after a few years.

Video - Tripointed maiden grape. How to grow from seeds?

Planting virgin grapes is not too labor-intensive; propagation of this plant by layering and cuttings does not take much time and leads to a guaranteed positive result. But if the gardener wants to grow a new unusual variety, then it is better to plant the seeds.

Tripointed maiden grapes have become very popular in landscape design. He was loved for his high decorativeness. People like its bright and dense foliage, frost resistance, and fast growth. We will describe this perennial plant in this article. You will learn how to plant girlish triacid grapes, how to care for them, and what plants are best to combine them with.

Description of the variety

This species is perennial, tree-like, grows in the form of vines, and belongs to the ivy group. Therefore, girlish grapes do not curl, but cling with small tendrils to the surface of objects that are nearby. That is why it can be seen on the walls of houses. The vines of the girlish tripointed grapes cannot be detached from their place, since the second time they can no longer attach themselves.

Fruits on the plant are formed without pollination. That is why the species was called maiden (virgin).

The foliage of the girlish triacid vine is large in size and has a trilobed appearance. The leaves are shiny and change color with the seasons. In the summer season, the foliage is bright green, and with the onset of autumn it turns carmine red. Externally, the leaves resemble ivy.

Girlish tripointed grapes, the vines of which reach up to 20 meters in length, grow very quickly. In one year the growth can be from 3 to 5 meters!

Its inflorescences are corymbose. The girlish triacid grapes bloom inconspicuously - the flowers are small, pale in color (green-yellow).

The fruits are small and have Blue colour. Their surface has a waxy coating. These berries are not eaten. They are used for decorative purposes only! The weight of the fruit is about 7 grams. Few people pay attention to the fruits, because the main decoration of the triacum vine is its luxurious foliage.

Variety subtypes

There are three subtypes of the girlish triogrape variety. We offer a brief description of each below.

Purple. This species has foliage that is dark purple in color.
Golden - golden dots interspersed with the green foliage.
Triacum Vicha grape is the most popular variety. In summer its foliage is bright green, and in autumn it turns fiery red.

The Vich type is used not only for vertical, but also for horizontal landscaping; it creates a soft and thick carpet. Its vines are attached both with tendrils and with the help of a sticky liquid secreted by the grapes. Therefore, this type adheres well to absolutely any surface.

The Vicha type is more sensitive to frost than other species and requires more careful shelter for the winter. It can also be planted on balconies in the city, as the variety tolerates highly polluted air.

Useful properties of virgin grapes

The described type of ornamental plant has a number of beneficial properties. This grape is hypoallergenic, so it can be planted by everyone.

How is the plant useful?

The girlish triacid grape is endowed with phytoncidal and antimicrobial properties. It prevents the proliferation of bacteria, kills them, and prevents new ones from appearing.
The microclimate in the place where the grapes grow is clean, as the plant cleans the air of dust and gases. There is little dust in the house where the maiden grapes grow, and it is easy and pleasant to breathe there!
Grapes are also used for soundproofing purposes, as they tend to muffle noise.
In hot weather, the plant will protect the house from overheating; in the rainy season, it will prevent dampness and cold from appearing in the room.

Application in landscape design

Maiden grapes can be grown in both small and large areas. The plant is used in the following cases:

In the private sector, the walls of the house and gazebos are decorated with vines. Grapes easily hide cosmetic imperfections structures, as it grows in the form of a thick carpet.
If available personal plot, which is not used for landing fruit crops, then it can be ennobled with girlish grapes. It will cover all the weeds and spread a soft carpet on which children will play with pleasure.
The grapes grow very quickly. In a few years it can envelop a structure up to 5 floors high! Therefore, it can be used to decorate high-rise buildings within the city.
Tripointed grapes grow well not only in open ground, but also in pots, since their stems are small and located close to the surface. Use the plant to decorate a balcony in an apartment in a multi-story building.

Nuances in decorating the walls of a house with grapes

Before planting a plant near the walls of your home, read some recommendations:

It is not advisable to plant ivy grapes near plastered walls. The fact is that the mass of vines is large, they can damage the plaster, as well as the thermal insulation layer under it.
Maiden grapes are recommended for planting near brick, wooden and concrete walls.
If the roof is covered with tiles or slate, then do not allow grapes on it, as their weight can damage the covering.
The grapes grow quickly and can sneak into ventilation holes unnoticed. Watch this, do not allow such overlaps, trim the vines on time.
Do not allow vines to entangle wires, antennas and drains.

To avoid problems with growth, adjust the direction of growth of vines and trim off excess ones.

What plants do girlish grapes go with?

Ideally tri-accented grape goes with everything climbing plants. Here are some examples:

Plant it together with ivy. The composition will look especially impressive in the autumn, when the foliage of the grapes turns fiery red, and the ivy leaves will still be bright green.
WITH climbing rose tri-pointed grapes look simply amazing! The rose will use the vines as anchors. As a result, both plants will grow in the same direction. This combination looks ideal when the rose is blooming.
WITH mountain clematis The described plant also does not lose. The foliage of the girl's grape is openwork, bright, it will combine beautifully with white, soft pink and lilac clematis flowers.

Landing place

Maiden triacid grapes grow well both in open ground and in pots for indoor flowers.

Choosing a wall for planting is not difficult, since the grapes tolerate both sunny and shady sides. It is worth considering some points:

If the dark side is chosen, the foliage will not be as large as when planted on the south side.
If you choose the northern wall, where there is little sun, the plant will change the color of its foliage later in the fall. If you live in the central or northern regions, then you may not wait for the color to change at all, because frosts occur earlier in these areas. So you need to choose for your grapes sunny side Houses.

How to plant girlish grapes

Spring (April, May) and autumn (September, October) are suitable for planting grapes. In summer, this process can also be carried out, but the growth of vines will not be as good.

It is better to plant seedlings in the soil when the return frosts have passed. Optimal time- before 11 am or after 6 pm.

Maiden grapes are unpretentious to the soil, the main thing is good drainage. Place a layer of crushed stone or broken brick at the bottom of the hole or in a pot, and a layer of sand on top. Only then fill it with soil. Ideal composition for excellent growth: 2 parts soil and peat compost, 1 part sand. It is not prohibited to add 1 part of wood ash.

When planting the plant, the root collar should remain at soil level. Distribute the roots evenly. Optimal distance between seedlings - 50 centimeters.

After landing, install wooden slats next to the sprouts. As soon as the first shoots appear, point them in the right direction and help the vine to “grab” the stick. If some shoots do not obey, they can be carefully tied to a support.

Plant care

The first thing to do is tie the young grapes to the supports. Give it direction, remove unnecessary shoots. This will form the skeleton of the bush.

As soon as the girl’s grapes learn to cling on their own, tying them up will no longer be necessary.

Steadily remove excess and diseased shoots. The cut should be made over a healthy kidney.

IN summer time loosen the soil, remove weeds. If the roots are exposed, then hill them up, covering them with earth up to the neck.

Watering the grapes is done 3-4 times per season. If there is heavy rainfall, then watering is not needed at all. In the first year, a young plant needs a lot of moisture. Therefore, you need to water it 2 times a month.

Young grapes need shelter for the winter. Thermal material, spruce branches, sawdust are suitable. When to open grapes after winter? It depends on the area where it grows. In the southern regions this is done in March-April, and in the central and northern regions - in April-May. The grapes tolerate light frosts well. When thinking about when to open grapes after winter, it is better to hurry than to be late. If you are in doubt whether to open in April or May, it is better to do it early so that the grapes do not rot.

An adult plant does not need to be covered for the winter.

Grapes will not refuse fertilizers. Add compost, mulch, humus, and peat to the soil once a year. in this case, you will get an unusually lush carpet of bright green leaves.