Almost any artificial object on Earth that a person can see, touch or use will be subject of industrial design. And this is not strange, because most of the things that surround us throughout our lives belong to one or another type of industrial design.

Modern industrial design includes elements of art and technology, covering a wide range of different objects - from a teaspoon to high-tech products. Therefore, a person creating the design of an industrial (or industrial) product must be both an engineer and an artist, combining together functionality and aesthetic appeal of the product.

Industrial design as a separate branch of design

Unlike the broad concept of "design", "industrial design" is closely related to household and industrial items, which were industrially manufactured. Therefore, any objects made by man cannot be classified as objects of industrial design, but only those that are protected by a patent and manufactured in production.

The objectives of modern industrial design are:

• creation of functional and ergonomic objects;
• aesthetically pleasing appearance of the product;
• increasing energy and resource conservation in the production and use of an item;
• designing safe for humans and environment of things;
• creating equipment that is intuitive and easy to use.

Integrating all these tasks requires the industrial designer developed engineering skills, good imagination and fine aesthetic taste. In addition, it must be taken into account that ready product must meet the needs of a specific target audience.

Industrial design includes the following stages of product development:

Trends in modern industrial design

Simplicity and minimalism

Consumers are increasingly choosing simple things made in a minimalist style. In addition, they are very popular ordinary materials and shapes. People no longer see the need to buy “overpriced” things for everyday use. Basic requirements for items:

• maximum lightness of design;
• minimal use of expensive materials;
• absence of “overloading” parts;
• reasonable price.

Convenience and ergonomics

Modern consumers give preference for convenience and comfort of clothing, slightly neglecting appearance. In the same way, industrial design objects are beginning to value convenience more. Buyers are increasingly choosing items that have high degree ergonomic, easy to use and intuitive for any user. Transformable furniture is very popular, which helps to significantly save space in a small room.

Benefits and monofunctionality

Multifunctional items are no longer a priority for buyers. Preference is now given to items that can only be used for its intended purpose. Therefore, the popularity of multifunctional kitchen appliances falls: people do not want to purchase bulky equipment if they will only use one function.

Ecodesign

Recently, much more attention has been paid to environmental issues. In this regard, a new direction in industrial design has emerged - ecodesign. It is aimed at creating objects that will be organically included in natural environment . This trend has the following characteristics:

• creating an item at minimal cost natural resources;
• reducing the energy intensity of the product during its manufacture and use, as well as the possibility of using renewable energy resources;
• use of materials that are reusable and recyclable;
• product durability;
• reducing excess consumption;
• ease of disposal.

Increasingly, designers are looking for inspiration from nature- plants, honeycombs, water, stones, animals, etc.

Key holder «Honey, I’ m home!»

Futurism

In many design solutions Futuristic notes have long been visible. Very soon the unusual “design of the future” will be distinctive feature all the objects familiar to us.

First electric carPorsche - Mission E. The release is scheduled for 2020.

Examples of modern industrial design

Heli-on Miniature Solar Panel

Solar panels are becoming available not only to power homes, but also for everyday use. Convenient pocket a solar panel designed for charging mobile phones or other gadgets at any time convenient time. In case the weather is not at all sunny, the panel has its own small battery, which will allow charging. This panel weighs only 105 grams.

Windflock modular wind generators

Following innovations in the use of solar energy, innovations are also emerging in wind energy. Windflock represents wind generator system, combined into a group to save space. However, their performance remains in question.

Unusual taps

Swirl mixer breaks the flow of water into many thin jets, allowing you to create an amazing swirl. This is not just a device for a stylish bathroom, but also a way to save money - a wider flow allows you to use less water when washing hands or dishes.

Smart faucetiWash will help teach children and adults to wash their hands more thoroughly. It will have a built-in digital microscope that tracks bacteria on the surface of the hands.

Air drop

Pot for Tillandsia plant with built-in air filter- an innovative way to make the air in the apartment cleaner. In addition to the natural release of oxygen, the plant actively absorbs formaldehyde, benzene, and trichlorethylene.

Racing bike of the future

Everything about this bike is futuristic, from the pedals to the handlebars. The streamlined shape allows the bike Excellent maneuverability at high speeds. So far, the concept is at the development stage - some parts are made of paper.

Three-wheeled scooter Tripod

In 2015, the winner of the Red Dot Design Awards (world design award) in the Design Concept category was unusual three-wheeled scooterTripod. It comes in three colors and has a very unusual futuristic design. At the same time, the product is characterized by a high degree of ergonomics and convenience. Its main task is to deliver goods over short distances. You can also just ride on it.

Bamboo scales

Bamboo scales are made according to the latest trends in modern industrial design. The scales are environmentally friendly - they even there are no electronic devices , they operate under normal pressure.

Klona specialists have many years of experience in the development of industrial design objects household and special purpose. Call us by phone and you will receive advice on the product you are interested in!

The profession is aimed at optimizing the appearance of the product. Art, technology and marketing are the three components of this field of activity. To successfully implement the goal, a professional looks for high-quality prototypes and analyzes ready-made market samples. Using three-dimensional modeling, he solves the problem of relating the appearance and functionality of an individual product. The specialist calculates how to reduce costs and make the product safe. An industrial designer maximizes efficiency by using graphic programs: 3D Studio Max, SolidWorks, solidThinking, Rhinoceros, Pro/Engineer, 3D CAiD, Solid Edge.

Personal qualities

A harmonious combination of technical and artistic inclinations is optimal for industrial design. Specialization in industrial activities requires a practical mind. In addition, the designer is an esthete with an ideal sense of style. A developed eye and accurate color perception are required. The designer is not an artist, so for the result more important role It is not inspiration that plays a role, but perseverance.

Where to study for this profession.

Admission to a designer requires Unified State Exam results according to Literature, or. Also, the variability of the list increases with Mathematics or Foreign language. It is mandatory for the applicant to undergo a creative test consisting of two parts: Drawing and Composition. To submit documents, you should select the “Industrial Design” profile.

In the first two years, the student is taught basic Drawing, Painting, and Composition. With the help of non-trivial tasks, the teacher teaches the student to think original and see things from a different angle. At the same time, students receive training in using professional software. In the final years of the bachelor's degree, all special items will be studied in more depth. However, to master the profession on a full scale, it is advisable to increase the training period to six years.

Examples of universities:

• St. Petersburg State University industrial technologies and design - SPbGUPTD;

Pros and cons of the profession.

Career. Places of employment.

Industrial designer vacancies are usually posted by production and art workshops and design studios. Employment is also possible at various enterprises in the city. Sometimes designers become freelancers and later found their own agencies. This profession is quite in demand in the freelance services market. For example, on the freelance exchange Pchel.net, dozens of remote work vacancies for industrial designers are added every day. First level salaries fluctuate around 20-30 thousand rubles. Specialists with experience can count on an increase in the base rate to 55 thousand rubles.

Related professions.

Web designers are also related specialties.
An industrial designer is a rather rare specialist in Russia. Due to the high demand for the profession, designers from other fields tend to change their specialization. With great desire and a competent approach to business, the process is not so complicated. It is worth studying professional literature and mastering the necessary software.

The main task of an industrial designer is to create industrial design and ensure product ergonomics. An industrial designer can work in a wide variety of industries: textile production, production of haberdashery and leather goods, production of furniture and wood products, chemical production, production metal products, machinery and equipment, automobile production, aircraft, ships, etc.

Basic functions of an industrial designer

1. Implementation of ergonomic requirements for products, creation of industrial design elements:

• Performing individual works on sketching, prototyping, physical modeling
• Sketching, prototyping, physical modeling, prototyping
• Computer modeling, visualization, presentation of product model
• Design of product elements taking into account ergonomic requirements
• Establishing compliance of the characteristics of the model, prototype of the product with ergonomic requirements

2. Performing individual works during scientific research:

• Performing simple and moderately complex work when conducting anthropometric and other studies related to product ergonomics
• Performance complex work when conducting anthropometric and other studies related to product ergonomics

3. Monitoring the implementation of ergonomic requirements for products:

• Monitoring the compliance of the working design of the product with the ergonomic requirements for the product
• Monitoring the implementation of ergonomic requirements during the design, manufacturing, testing and fine-tuning of prototypes of products and preparation technical documentation for serial (mass) production, making necessary changes to it.

4. Determination and development of ergonomic requirements for products:

• Setting tasks when conducting patent information research, searching for information based on the results of scientific research
• Selection regulatory documents, containing requirements for the products being developed, selection of anthropometric and sociological research, containing requirements for the products being developed
• Definition of indicators technical level designed products, conducting patent research
• Development of an organization (enterprise) strategy in the field of ergonomics; formulation of ergonomic requirements for a specific type of product based on regulatory framework, the results of studies of ergonomics (safety and comfort) of products, anthropometric studies and the results of sociological research
• Development of ergonomic requirements for products that affect the safety and comfort of use of the product.

5. Conducting research work on product ergonomics:

• Development of a methodology for conducting sociological research concerning ergonomic parameters of products
• Definition of a system of indicators for anthropometric studies
• Conducting research on product ergonomics - its safety and ease of use
• Analysis and synthesis of scientific research results, evaluation of the information received.

Industrial Design- branch of design, area of ​​artistic and technical activity. The purpose of industrial design is to: determine the formal qualities of industrial products, namely their functional and external qualities.

Typically, industrial design development includes the following stages:

• Idea generation
• Conceptual development
• Sketching
• 3D modeling
• Visualization
• Construction
• Prototyping

Industrial designers themselves can be classified as such professions as engineers, mechanics and artists. They do not create drawings, are not responsible for the performance of inventions, they optimize inventions, trying to portray it as more expensive and beautiful than it is. Designers study sketches of products that are already successful in the market and use them to create their own masterpiece.

There is a field of artistic and technical activity, the purpose of which is to determine the formal characteristics of industrial products - this is industrial design. This industry plays an important role in the structure of global manufacturing companies engaged in the manufacture of cars, household appliances, communication devices and other types of consumer products.

Historical information

The first specialists in the field of industrial technology and design appeared in Great Britain in the 13th century. At that time, fabric production was actively developing. As for the definition itself decoration, it was first mentioned in 1919. The founder of the school was a German architect.

Industrial design began to truly develop in the second half of the 20th century, when a special board was organized in the USA, whose members formed clear definition this direction. In their opinion, this is a creative activity with the goal of improving the external characteristics of manufactured objects.

Development Basics

Since industrial design is an activity that combines arts and technology, the scope of the consumer sphere is very wide. Development is being carried out not only for high-tech products, but also for various trinkets. Intellectual property in this area can be protected by obtaining a patent for a specific product.

The development process in this case is divided into certain stages:

• search for an idea;
• choice of concept;
• creating sketches;
• modeling in three-dimensional editors;
• object visualization;
• model construction;
• implementation of the prototype.

The designers themselves usually have education in engineering, mechanics and visual arts. Many modern specialists graduate from specialized industrial design universities. They do not create drawings and are not responsible for the operation of inventions. Their task is to optimize the product.

Examples of innovation strategies

Every industry must have planning. general development. This is achieved through the introduction of special strategies that determine the future path for and even decades. Industrial design in this case has special meaning. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the general trends of progress in the industry using examples.

A living space usually uses not one, but several devices that can interact with each other. Therefore, in the production of household appliances, products are not designed separately. The combined approach is often called socio-technical.

Industrial design played a significant role in the development of aircraft manufacturing. This is expressed in the fact that a modern aircraft is capable of performing not only its direct function - transport, but also entertainment. On board airliners you can now use various means of communication, communicate, have a snack and do much more. When developing, one cannot ignore these nuances.

In the automotive industry, special emphasis is placed on service. vehicle. This trend is clearly visible in the example of the construction of educational and entertainment centers in close proximity to various services. Modern manufacturers They are trying to introduce their product directly into residential infrastructure.

Successful solutions in the field of design innovation are primarily related to scientific research allowing the development of industry as a whole. However, today there is some fragmentation. Often there is no relationship between specialists in the two areas.

Priority types of industrial design

It was said above that there is great amount devices and devices that perform various functions, so they need to be classified according to purpose. A specialist cannot perform his work efficiently in all areas. The main categories are presented in the table.

Specialization	Description
Engineering equipment	This group should include devices that are used for scientific research, construction work and special research.
Medical devices
Vehicles	Everything can be included here existing species transport. Pressure from environmentalists plays a huge role in the development of this category.
Appliances	Home appliances should not only perform their main function, but also have an attractive appearance. Items must fit well into the overall interior.
Interior and exterior elements	Home and office furniture should look organic, so there is a separate direction in the field of industrial developments.

Benefit for the consumer

All the work of a specialist from the University of Industrial Technologies and Design is aimed at the final buyer. This has certain benefits for the consumer environment. There are several main problems that can be solved thanks to industrial design:

• comfortable use in various conditions;
• convenient service;
• suitable external data corresponding to fashion trends;
• optimal possibilities in terms of functionality.

The developments of specialists make it possible to determine the main reason for the success of a particular product. In most cases, the average consumer buys a product that looks decent, is easy to use, and is of relatively high quality.

Role in product development

Previously, manufacturers thought about design solutions as the last thing. The priority was developed technologies rather than style and ergonomics. Modern companies, due to high competition, are forced to use additional features to take its rightful place in the market.

The result of a specialist’s successful work in creating a product is the direct attractiveness of the product, as well as the satisfaction of the end consumer. Industrial design is a significant cost when developing a product. However, the investment is recouped by a price premium for each unit produced or by calculating the final profit taking into account increased demand.

As for expenses, they consist not only of the cost of specialist services. Funds are additionally spent on the implementation of the main elements of the facility, as well as on conducting certain studies during long-term development.

The largest educational institution in Russia

The St. Petersburg University of Industrial Design will help you master a useful and highly paid profession. It is the largest in Russia. Educational institution is a multi-level complex. It consists of higher schools, educational centers, research institutes and colleges, preparatory faculties.

St. Petersburg University of Industrial Technologies and Design is currently implementing more than two hundred educational programs, in which more than 15 thousand students study. Preparation is carried out according to different forms training. There is a correspondence system for acquiring knowledge using distance technologies.

As a conclusion

To create a sketch, industrial designers must engage not only in analytical and artistic activities, but also be able to use modern graphic programs. They allow you to bring concepts to life as efficiently as possible. In fact, there are quite a lot of applications, but it is recommended to choose those that are popular among developers.

The phrase “industrial design” is now heard by many people. But the idea of ​​what it is is completely different for everyone. Industrial design, the same look creative activity, like ordinary design, but industrial design items are most often industrially manufactured household products.

Manufacturing companies today have to resort to various tricks in order to withstand competition and adequately present their product to the consumer market. Interesting and high quality design industrial product - effective way stand out among competitors and interest consumers. The purpose of industrial design is to define the exterior, structural and functional features objects to which industrial design techniques are aimed. Industrial design items include dishes and other kitchen utensils, household and industrial appliances, furniture, equipment, and even high-tech and knowledge-intensive products. Industrial design options include today's popular automotive and transportation designs.

Thus, industrial design is not only the art of combining design with technology, but also a marketing tool.

A professional who creates a design for an industrial product must be at the same time an artist, a designer, and a process engineer. After all, industrial design requires using your creative imagination so that the technological meaning of the final product is not violated.

The artistic design process itself consists of 8 stages:

Formation of the main idea

Concept development

Working with sketches

Layout

3D modeling

Visualization

Engineering design

Creation of a prototype

The professional’s task is to guide the industrial design object through the preliminary seven stages so that the eighth production stage proceeds without delay and produces the final result in accordance with the main idea.

Copyright for the design concept and basic ideas of an industrial product belongs to the designer, except as otherwise specified in the contract. In accordance with Article 27 of the “Law of the Russian Federation on Copyright and Related Rights No. 5351-I”: copyright is valid during life and 70 years after his death; copyright, the right to name and protection of reputation are preserved indefinitely. In addition, the designer has the right to display original works in a portfolio in order to attract the attention of new customers.

The emergence of design

The emergence of design special type design and artistic activities are classified as the end of the nineteenth c., linking its appearance with industrial revolution- the widespread development of mass machine production and the resulting division of labor. In the conditions of industrial production and the filling of the market with goods, the attention of manufacturers was increasingly drawn to the attractiveness and variety of appearance of manufactured products, as well as to the consumer qualities of products and ease of use. As a result, the need arose for a special specialist capable of not only creating an attractive appearance, meeting fashion trends and consumer needs, the shape of the product, but also a good understanding of design and machine production technology. Only in the context of solving complex engineering, technical, and artistic issues is it possible, as practice has shown, to create competitive products.

The entire history of industrial design is closely connected with the history of the development of technology. Inventions such as the steam boiler, internal combustion engine, electric motor, and aeronautics created not only new areas in mechanical engineering, but also became historical stages in the development of design.

The 19th century was a century of stunning progress. One technical miracle replaced another; the century that began with stagecoaches and the quill pen ended with the automobile and the typewriter. The telegraph was followed by the telephone, then the “wireless telegraph” - radio. People came up with a way to make accurate images from nature, without an artist, record and preserve the human voice for centuries, made the first attempts to fly on a device heavier than air, and invented moving photography - cinema.

The work of a craftsman, the process of creating the shape of an object, was directly related to its production. With the advent of the age of industrialization, prototypes of products began to be created in the form of drawings, models and prototypes, which were then produced in numerous editions using machines by other people. Thus, at the turn of the century, in the process of industrial production, a division of labor occurred, design emerged as a separate form of design and artistic activity, and a new profession began to form - designer.

Design as a profession has existed for about a hundred years. It often begins with the famous movement “For the Connection of Arts and Crafts” in England late XIX century, whose leader was the famous artist and theorist in the field of object creativity William Morris. It was then that the basic principles of the theory and creative principles of design were formulated, which influenced the schools and trends of later years. Sometimes the date of origin of the design profession is associated with the beginning of the 20th century, when artists took leading positions in a number of industrial sectors and gained the opportunity to shape the corporate style of enterprises, influencing the policy of shaping the products produced by companies. As examples, the corporate styles of the German electrical engineering company AEG and the American automobile company Ford Motor are given. There is also an opinion that we can talk about design as a profession only when schools with methods of teaching design have emerged and the first certified design specialists have appeared. This is the 20s of our century, when the first design schools were opened - Bauhaus - in Germany and VKHUTEMAS - in Soviet Russia. There is also a point of view according to which the emergence of design is attributed to the period of the global crisis of 1929; it is described primarily as an American phenomenon.

Indeed, until the crisis of 1929, European design remained a purely local phenomenon, without having a noticeable impact on industrial production. And only with the onset of the crisis, American design became a real commercial force, gradually acquiring a mass character in the full sense of the word, and a professional design industry emerged. The new style direction of Functionalism, which was formed at the beginning of the century in the architecture of America and a number of European countries, became a kind of theoretical basis for the development of the principles of form-building in design. Its leaders, who saw the beauty of artistic form in its functional expediency, stood at the origins of machine-based design. Among them are: famous names like Louis Sullivan, one of the founders of the Chicago School of Architecture, famous for its buildings of the “machine age”; Frank Lloyd Wright - patriarch of American architecture and design; Peter Behrens is a German architect and artist, whose name is associated with an entire era in the development of design and, in particular, the emergence of a “corporate style”; Mies van der Rohe is one of the leaders of the famous German industrial union Werkbund and the founders of rationalist architecture and design in Germany; Walter Gropius - founder of Bauhaus, the world-famous school of modern architecture and design; Gerit Thomas Rietveld is a Dutch architect whose conceptual “red and blue chair” has become a sculptural symbol of modern design.

Among the pioneers of design were architects and modernist artists who came to industry. Representatives of Art Nouveau were looking for a way out of the impasse of boring imitation of the styles of the past, they rejected eclecticism, sharply criticized decoration and ornamentation, and searched in the field of rational, geometric shapes, Special attention while paying attention to beauty source material, identifying it. In essence, these views were a kind of step towards the philosophy of industrial formation. Among them are such famous names as Henri Van de Velde, whose name is associated with the emergence of the Art Nouveau style, Michael Thonet and his world-famous “ Viennese chair"; Charles Mackintosh - Scottish architect, leader of the Art Nouveau style, whose design is considered one of the pinnacles of European Art Nouveau and his turn-of-the-century furniture is reproduced to this day; Raymond Loewy is one of the founders of professional design in the United States and is often called the father of industrial design; Camillo Olivetti and Erwin and Arthur Brown, whose names are associated with entire styles in the history of design; Giovanni Ponti - Italian architect - founder of the most famous design magazine "Domus"; Alvar Aalto - the founder of modern Finnish architecture and design; as well as our compatriots - K. Malevich, A. Rodchenko, V. Tatlin, L. Lisitsky and others, who became the origins of Soviet design.

In our country, until recently, the following terms were used to denote the concept of “design”: “artistic design” - the design process, “industrial art”, “technical aesthetics” - the field of activity. And the specialist designer was called “artist-designer”, the leading design institute was the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics, and the most popular in the 60-80s. domestic design magazine - “Technical Aesthetics”.