Resin pocket(4.7), A cavity inside the annual layer filled with resin (Fig. 20). It is observed on tangential surfaces in the form of oval flat depressions, on radial surfaces - in the form of narrow longitudinal slits, at the ends - in the form of short arcuate cavities. Found in wood coniferous species, especially often near spruce.
1 -- radial section; 2 -- tangential section. 2 -- end cut.
Rice. 20. Resin pocket (spruce)
Single-sided resin pocket(4.7.1). Resin pocket, opening on one or two adjacent sides of the assortment.
Through resin pocket(4.7.2). Resin pocket facing two opposite sides assortment.
Impact on quality.
The resin leaking from the resin pockets spoils the surface of the products and interferes with their front finishing and gluing. In small parts, resin pockets can reduce the strength of the wood.
Measurement
- Resin pockets are measured by depth, width and length (in linear measures or fractions of assortment sizes) and by quantity in pieces:
- in lumber products - by 1 m length or the entire side of the assortment;
- in veneer - by 1 m 2 or the entire sheet area. It is allowed, if this is due to the specifics of the assortment, to measure one or two of the specified parameters.
Core(4.8). (Invalid term, hereinafter referred to as NDP. Core tube). The narrow central part of the trunk, consisting of loose tissue. It is characterized by a brown or lighter color than the surrounding wood. At the ends of the assortment it is observed in the form of a small (no more than 5 mm) speck various shapes, on radial surfaces - in the form of a narrow, more or less straight strip.
Impact on quality
Assortments with cores crack easily.
Measurement
Counted by presence on the side surface. In lumber products, if this is due to the specifics of the assortment, it is allowed to measure the depth of the core, counting from the nearest side surface (in linear measures or fractions of the assortment dimensions).
Double core(4.9). The presence of two cores in the assortment (Fig. 21). In round timber it is observed at the upper ends in the form of two cores with independent systems of annual layers, surrounded from the periphery by one common outline, and is characterized by an oval cross section assortment, in lumber - on radial surfaces in the form of two narrow strips of cores located at an angle to each other, at the ends - in the form of two independent systems annual layers.
Rice. 21. Double core in a board (pine)
Impact on quality
It makes processing (sawing and peeling) of wood more difficult and increases the amount of waste. Double-core varieties crack easily.
Measurement
In round timber, the presence of defects is taken into account. In sawn products and veneer, the length of the defect along the assortment is measured (in linear measures or fractions of the assortment size).
Wood is an unsurpassed material, but wood defects are found everywhere. Resins, resin pockets, knots and dents not only spoil appearance products, but they can also come back to haunt you with unpleasant surprises. To protect yourself from such surprises, you should not ignore minor wood defects, but fix them yourself.
Knots in wood
All types of wood suffer from knots, especially coniferous ones. The knots can be healthy or rotten. They not only spoil the aesthetic appearance of the wood, but can also become a source of rot for the entire product. Finding a large piece of wood without a single knot is very rare, so you have to solve the problem on your own.
First, you need to drill to a certain depth the place where the knot is located - about 1 cm. Next, we adjust the size of the wood plug - you need to take not only the same species, but also wood from the same batch (if possible). Coat the hole thoroughly and insert the finished plug, following the direction of the fibers. When the glue dries, cut off the cork. It is better to do this not with a chisel, since the cork can chip, but with a special file.
And only after that we putty the place where the plug is inserted. It is necessary to putty, otherwise over time a dark rim will appear around the former knot in the wood. It's better to do this twice: wood putty - belt sanding grinding machine– wood putty - hand sanding.
Resin pockets in wood
A resin pocket is a cavity between or inside the annual layers of wood, filled with gum or. Characteristic for, and. Resin pockets do not so much reduce the quality of the wood as they can leak resin onto its surface again and again. Even after years. Even through oil paint. Therefore, it is imperative to seal the resin pocket.
In the old fashioned way, this minor wood defect was simply puttied, after first cleaning the resin with a knife or spatula. But the resin will definitely show through over time. Some “bother” and make an insert in the shape of a pocket. But this can be done much easier, and, most importantly, more efficiently.
Resin pockets are selected using a milling cutter manual machine, after which a ready-made, factory-made insert is inserted into the resulting recess. This insert looks like a boat, and the carpenter calls it “boat”. Next, it’s almost the same as with knots: we treat the recess with glue, insert a boat, give it time to dry, cut it and sand it. As a rule, the boat fits very tightly into the recess, so that subsequent putty is not required.
The process itself is not complicated, but difficulties may arise when finding boats - they are not made in our country, there are only imported ones. The same applies to cutters - they are not cheap.
Putty, or wood putty carried out if there is a need to repair chips, dents, potholes and other minor wood defects. There is a huge selection of these putties in stores - choose according to your taste, experience, ask specialists.
Putting wood is a simple process, but you need to take a number of details into account.
It is carried out just before grinding - after you have sealed the resin pockets and knots. If the damage is shallow, one putty will be enough; if it is deep enough, it is better to putty, sand and repeat the cycle. Remember to allow drying time for the putty.
It is better to give a little more putty - it can be sanded off after drying. But you shouldn’t mess around either - not all wood products cover putty well.
Tatyana Kuzmenko, member of the editorial board, correspondent of the online publication "AtmWood. Wood-Industrial Bulletin"
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On a tangential cut it looks like a flat oval depression, on a radial cut - like a narrow longitudinal slit, on the end - like a short arched cavity, accompanied by a slight bend in the adjacent outside trunk tree rings. Along the trunk, the length of the resin pocket is slightly greater than around the circumference. In the lateral direction it can be up to 10 cm long and up to 7 mm deep.
The number of exposures to the surface of the material varies unilateral And through resin pockets. A one-sided resin pocket extends onto one or two adjacent sides of the lumber or piece; through - on two opposite sides.
Emergence
Resin pockets are characteristic especially of spruce. They are also found in the wood of pine, Siberian cedar and larch. The cause of their occurrence is considered to be damage to the cambium due to the swaying of the tree from the wind and overheating of trees growing on the edge, where resin pockets are especially common.
A large number of pockets indicates poor connection between the annual layers and may be accompanied by peeling cracks. The abundance of resin pockets in the upper part of the trunk can be caused by a type of tree tar cancer - seryanka, caused by the fungi Cronartium flaccidum and Peridermium pini.
Impact on wood quality
The contents leaking from the resin pockets spoil the surface of the products and prevent them from exterior decoration, lining and gluing, stains tools. Reduces the grade of small high-quality lumber and plywood. In small parts, resin pockets can reduce the strength of the wood. The strength of large parts is slightly affected.
When wood is heated, resin can leak out of the pockets even years after the part is made, seeping through the oil paint.
When making carpentry, the resin from the pockets is removed and replaced with putty.
Measurement
In lumber, resin pockets are counted by the number of pieces per 1 m of length or on the entire side of the assortment, the largest of them are measured by length, width and depth. In veneer, the width and length are measured and the number of pockets per 1 m2 or per entire sheet is taken into account. It is allowed to measure one of the specified parameters if this is due to the specifics of the assortment.
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Notes
see also
Literature
- Defects of wood. - Ed. second, revised and additional - M.: Lesn. industry, 1980. - 197 p.
- Vakin A. T., Poluboyarinov O. I., Solovyov V. A. Album of wood defects. - M.: Lesn. industry, 1969. - 165 p.
- Defects of wood. Album / Miller V.V., Vakin A.T.. - M. - L.: Catalogizdat NKTP USSR, 1938. - 171 p. - 3500 copies.
- Pockets // Forest Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. Vorobyov G.I.; Ed. Col.: Anuchin N.A. et al.. - M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 1986. - 631 p.
Links
- . www.complexdoc.ru. - Visible wood defects. Classification, terms and definitions, methods of measurement. Illustrations. Retrieved April 22, 2013. .
- . Glossary.ru. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
An excerpt characterizing the Tar Pocket
When the doors of the booth opened and the prisoners, like a herd of sheep, crushing each other, crowded into the exit, Pierre made his way ahead of them and approached the very captain who, according to the corporal, was ready to do everything for Pierre. The captain was also in field uniform, and from his cold face there was also “it,” which Pierre recognized in the words of the corporal and in the crash of the drums.“Filez, filez, [Come in, come in.],” the captain said, frowning sternly and looking at the prisoners crowding past him. Pierre knew that his attempt would be in vain, but he approached him.
– Eh bien, qu"est ce qu"il y a? [Well, what else?] - the officer said, looking around coldly, as if not recognizing him. Pierre said about the patient.
– Il pourra marcher, que diable! - said the captain. – Filez, filez, [He’ll go, damn it! Come in, come in,” he continued to say, without looking at Pierre.
“Mais non, il est a l"agonie... [No, he’s dying...] - Pierre began.
– Voulez vous bien?! [Go to...] - the captain shouted, frowning angrily.
Drum yes yes dam, dam, dam, the drums crackled. And Pierre realized that the mysterious force had already completely taken possession of these people and that now it was useless to say anything else.
The captured officers were separated from the soldiers and ordered to go ahead. There were about thirty officers, including Pierre, and about three hundred soldiers.
The captured officers, released from other booths, were all strangers, were much better dressed than Pierre, and looked at him, in his shoes, with distrust and aloofness. Not far from Pierre walked, apparently enjoying the general respect of his fellow prisoners, a fat major in a Kazan robe, belted with a towel, with a plump, yellow, angry face. He held one hand with a pouch behind his bosom, the other leaned on his chibouk. The major, puffing and puffing, grumbled and was angry at everyone because it seemed to him that he was being pushed and that everyone was in a hurry when there was nowhere to hurry, everyone was surprised at something when there was nothing surprising in anything. Another, a small, thin officer, spoke to everyone, making assumptions about where they were being led now and how far they would have time to travel that day. An official, in felt boots and a commissariat uniform, ran from different sides and looked out for the burned-out Moscow, loudly reporting his observations about what had burned and what this or that visible part of Moscow was like. The third officer, of Polish origin by accent, argued with the commissariat official, proving to him that he was mistaken in defining the districts of Moscow.
-What are you arguing about? - the major said angrily. - Whether it’s Nikola, or Vlas, it’s all the same; you see, everything burned down, well, that’s the end... Why are you pushing, isn’t there enough road,” he turned angrily to the one walking behind who was not pushing him at all.
- Oh, oh, oh, what have you done! - However, the voices of prisoners were heard, now from one side or the other, looking around the fire. - And Zamoskvorechye, and Zubovo, and in the Kremlin, look, half of them are gone... Yes, I told you that all of Zamoskvorechye, that’s how it is.
- Well, you know what burned, well, what’s there to talk about! - said the major.
Passing through Khamovniki (one of the few unburned quarters of Moscow) past the church, the entire crowd of prisoners suddenly huddled to one side, and exclamations of horror and disgust were heard.
- Look, you scoundrels! That's unchrist! Yes, he’s dead, he’s dead... They smeared him with something.
Pierre also moved towards the church, where there was something that caused exclamations, and vaguely saw something leaning against the fence of the church. From the words of his comrades, who saw better than him, he learned that it was something like the corpse of a man, stood upright by the fence and smeared with soot on his face...
– Marchez, sacre nom... Filez... trente mille diables... [Go! go! Damn it! Devils!] - curses from the guards were heard, and French soldiers With new anger, they dispersed with cutlasses the crowd of prisoners looking at the dead man.
Along the lanes of Khamovniki, the prisoners walked alone with their convoy and carts and wagons that belonged to the guards and were driving behind them; but, going out to the supply stores, they found themselves in the middle of a huge, closely moving artillery convoy, mixed with private carts.
At the bridge itself, everyone stopped, waiting for those traveling in front to advance. From the bridge the prisoners were opened behind and in front endless rows other moving convoys. To the right, where the Kaluga road curved past Neskuchny, disappearing into the distance, stretched endless rows of troops and convoys. These were the troops of the Beauharnais corps who came out first; back, along the embankment and across the Stone Bridge, Ney's troops and convoys stretched.
When working with coniferous wood, it sometimes becomes necessary to seal resin pockets.Basically, old craftsmen correct this wood defect by puttying. They clean out the resin cavity with a spatula or the tip of a knife and fill it with putty. But this is not the most good method sealing. The resin still comes out sooner or later. Sometimes the insert is made manually, adjusting its shape to the shape of the pocket. This method is good in isolated cases. Some manage to drill out small pockets and
But technology. science is moving forward by leaps and bounds. And it would be surprising if a person who flew into space, discovering many things that we could not dream of just a few decades ago, could not come up with a way to seal resin pockets.
And this method exists. It consists of removing a resin pocket using a special hand cutter and installing a factory-made insert into this profile.
Sampling is done to different depths, depending on the size of the resin pocket. Some carpenters even manage to save on this. They use one insert for two pockets - small and large.
Then glue is given into the selected groove (let's call it that) and the insert is inserted. Time is given to dry and the insert is cut or sanded, depending on the height to which it protrudes above the surface of the part.
Carpenters call these inserts boats because of their shape, which actually resembles a boat.
I saw smerek and pine boats. But there are also birch, beech, and oak. The last three types are used to seal small cracks in wood of the corresponding species.
The benefits of fixing it this way are obvious. The milled groove ideally matches the shape of the boat insert, and by selecting the boat according to its structure, we achieve complete, or almost complete merging of the insertion site with the surrounding background. After grinding, the insertion site does not even require putty, the seal is so high quality.
The problem is the lack of cheap machines and cutters for this operation on the market. And also the difficulty in purchasing large quantity boats. After all, it’s not every day that simple, ordinary carpenters have to seal resin pockets. But these same machines are also designed for joining parts into so-called lamellas (with a different cutter). But we will talk in detail about the methods of joining carpentry parts in a separate article. In the meantime, they bring me boats, as well as knots, from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, or Hungary.
This is interesting to know. The Czechs call the machine for milling resin pockets “lodichkarney”, or “lodichkovachka”.
The video shows how a resin pocket is sealed with a so-called boat. Pay attention to the nail file that I use to cut down the protruding part of the boat. I have never seen such files on sale here, but you can make them yourself. It is very easy to use and not difficult to manufacture. If you can’t make a nail file that flips to different sides, make it on one side, which is more convenient for you. If more is needed detailed description-let me know, I’ll answer.
P.S. In the video I cut off the boat immediately after inserting it into the nest. In fact, you first need to give it time to dry, and only then cut off the rest.
Resin pockets are spaces inside or between the annual layers of a tree that are filled with resin. Such wood defects are characteristic of coniferous species; they are mainly found in spruce, less often in pine and fir. They worsen the appearance of products, complicate the work with the material and negatively affect the strength of small parts. However, such defects do not have a negative effect on the strength and hardness of large lumber, including logs and beams.
Specifics of the resin pocket
Resin pockets on the ends of lumber appear as arc-shaped cracks. When cutting wood from the core tangentially to the annual layer of the trunk (tangential cut), this defect appears as oval elongated depressions. When cutting a tree through the core of the trunk (radial cut), the defects form short gaps.
This wood defect appears due to damage to the cambium, which is located under the tree bark. This is caused by heating of individual zones of the barrel with ultraviolet radiation in cold weather. Due to freezing of heated areas, resin pockets are formed. They are typical for trees that are exposed to sun rays. Such plants are found at the edge of the forest and along roads.
Resin pockets are characteristic of trees with deep cracks and thin bark. Minor defects can also appear from exposure to insects. How to deal with beetles and other pests in wooden house, read.
Effect of defect on wood
When processing wood with resin pockets, the resin begins to flow out, which spoils the appearance of the product and complicates the processing of raw materials. Products are difficult to glue, paint or varnish. Leaking resin interferes with external finishing and wood cladding and stains tools when working. In addition, it reduces the grade and value of the tree.
Resin pockets and leaking resin significantly reduce the grade of lumber and plywood. When products are heated, resin may leak even several years after manufacture or installation. Damage reduces the strength and hardness of wood in small elements by 10-15%, sometimes higher. But the strength of large parts is practically not affected.
To avoid problems with the resin, you need to remove excess liquid and replace with putty. Before treatment, remove the resin and degrease the surface with an organic solvent. Take a special putty for the type of wood you are using and apply the product to the surface.
As a result, a protective layer is formed that will prevent resin from leaking, while preserving the texture and aesthetic appearance of the wood. Wood putty will also help effectively seal cracks in the frame. He will tell you how to do it correctly.
Use of resinous wood
Resin pockets in lumber are counted in the number of pieces per meter of product length. The veneer takes into account the number of pockets per square meter or a complete sheet of material. For a product of grade A, it is not allowed to use wood with open resin pockets and no more than two covered defects with a size of 2x30 mm per one are allowed linear meter. For grade B materials, any open or covered pockets are allowed.
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