IN furniture production Each design element plays an important role, this number includes little-known Tsarga What it isand why is it so necessary, both in furniture and in interior doors? Tsarga - important element, which ensures the strength of tables, sofas and even chairs.
In contact with
The drawbar, as a design feature, is a connecting part that is responsible for the reliability of the product and fastening connection. Represents support in any furniture attribute.
For example: The table is a simple structure that consists of a tabletop and legs. But they are not connected to each other, but with the help of a connecting board, which ensures reliable fastening and stability of the legs.
Thus, furniture drawer isa simple but very important connecting element with which the entire structure is assembled. About what it is king, what information does it give about her? Wikipedia , let's talk in more detail.
In which furniture elements is it present?
What is a drawer in furniture ? Any rectangular product has in its design a connecting part located between the tabletop and legs. In furniture such as a table or chair, it is the most important element and is installed around the entire perimeter. A bed, for example, includes only three such elements, installed at the head of the bed, and also fastened together. In this case, they have another purpose, which is to hold the mattress. Many manufacturers upholster the drawer with all sorts of materials. For a sofa, this part is installed at the bottom of the product and connects the armrests to each other, after which it is upholstered with fabric.
The materials from which the drawer is made are:
- solid wood;
- plywood.
In the chair it is also located at the bottom of the structure and fastens the armrests together.
Interior door
For the side door used to provide increased strength. It consists of two strips - vertical and horizontal. The materials most often used for its manufacture are:
- coniferous wood;
- fibreboard.
The internal part connecting the planks to each other can be made of any material, and also represents a simple decorative insert. A larger number of slats provides the most high level rigidity at the door. To make the door look more complete, its cladding is made from:
- laminate;
- veneer;
- PVC coverings.
The advantages of a drawer in an interior door include:
- increased level of reliability and strength;
- convenient element-by-element installation, as well as subsequent repairs;
- absence of seams on elements such as cladding and joints;
- appearance which looks attractive.
When replacing some elements, the appearance of the door changes.
This option is perfect for those who are constantly updating the design of their premises, and also trying to save money when changing the interior.
But such designs have certain disadvantages, such as low level safety, as well as large mass.
That is why for those who want to install light door, it is better to choose fiberboard slabs, but a small number of disadvantages are easily compensated by the advantages described above.
Table
In a piece of furniture such as a table, it is the most important connecting part that holds the tabletop and legs together. Table drawer installed around the perimeter of the product in the amount of four pieces.
Attention!Not every table model has a drawer, since not all have four legs and it is not always necessary to establish a connection between them.
The fastening strip is present only on classic wooden tables . The tsar table is stronger and more reliable.
This element is located under the tabletop and connects the legs of the product to each other; in addition, there may be an additional part that is located on the lower part. It is called “legging”. Attaching the drawer to the table topprovides additional reliability and stability of the product.
Chair
For a chair, as for a table, it has an important connecting task, and can also be installed in two places at the same time. One of them is located at the top of the structure, while the others are located below and are called prongs.
Sofa
What is a sofa drawer ? First of all, it is an important component of the design and is located at the bottom of the product.In addition to connecting the armrests together, it is responsible for the reliability of the structure.Most often it is covered with the same type of fabric that is used for upholstery. Tsar height can reach 30 cm, but the length reaches 190 cm.
Bed
Bed drawers are connected to each other, as well as to the headboard, ensuring the reliability of the entire structure. They are upholstered with any materials or fabrics, and are also responsible for holding the mattress. The bed has three such elements.
Closet
What is a cabinet drawer and why is it needed? In such an element of furniture, it is responsible for the rigidity of the entire structure; it is present where there are long spans with shelves.It is installed in the rear part of the structure and has a vertical location.It connects the stand and the side of the cabinet. Can also be present with the chefflot, maintaining an even position. Sheflot is a retractable drawer that is located in the closet.
Attention! The absence of a drawer in this design will result in the cabinet being skewed. Many manufacturers are trying to save money and reduce the cost of their product in this way. In the store this defect is not noticeable, but as soon as the closet is filled with things at home, it will appear.
DIY making
Most craftsmen independently undertake the production of such simple elements furniture, like stools or even tables, the design of which is not complicated or labor-intensive. It is only important to remember that each element must be manufactured correctly. To make a stool, you will need to make four drawers.
Advice!If you use hardwood during manufacturing, you can achieve a longer service life of the product.
The size of each part depends on the expected size of the product itself, so it is very important to know what length and width your stool will be.
Corner drawer for table legs can be cut at an angle, depending on the design of the product. All this is important to take into account at the assembly stage. In addition, you should not miss the angle at which the legs are fastened.
Once all the steps are followed, the materials are prepared, assembly can be carried out.
Drawstring fabric is a very important component of almost every piece of furniture, since it is what ensures reliable connection between the key parts of the entire structure. In addition, in some cases, this detail provides furniture products with additional strength and durability. It is worth carefully approaching the choice of material, as well as manufacturing technology.
If you choose furniture or order its production, pay attention to the quality of individual elements. The strength, stability, and therefore the convenience and lifespan of the items will depend on this. It is important not only to perform the work efficiently, but also to select the right raw materials for production.
Obtaining rectified alcohol is the cherished dream of every moonshiner. This is pure ethyl alcohol of 96% strength, purified from all foreign impurities. In order to prepare such high-quality alcohol, it is necessary to install a rectification frame on the moonshine still.
This is a tube of a certain length, made of stainless steel and filled with prismatic spiral-shaped nozzles. The main task of such a device is to separate moonshine vapors into separate fractions of different densities. A do-it-yourself drawer for a moonshine still, made according to all the rules, allows you to create factory-level equipment.
Why do you need a drawer for a moonshine still?
The length of a homemade rectification drawer must be clearly defined - it is the length that is responsible for the frequency of purification of the final product. Thus, a 15-centimeter pipe provides 20 times of cleaning, a 35-centimeter pipe - 50 times, and a 45-centimeter pipe - 60 times of cleaning. As you can see, the higher the distillation chamber, the slower the process of fraction separation occurs, accordingly, there are fewer foreign impurities and the higher the strength of the drink.
Even with a standard drawer height of 15-35 cm, you can get an excellent product, but before that you should definitely clean it with activated carbon or potassium permanganate.
For reference. How to clean moonshine with charcoal - take the preparation at the rate of 50-60 grams per 1 liter of drink, crush and pour. Leave for 5-7 days, shaking occasionally. After a week, you pass it through a regular water filter and you get moonshine without fusel oils and foreign odors.
If you want to get 96% alcohol after the first distillation, you will need a 45 cm distillation frame. You can buy it, but it will be quite expensive. Average price 2600-4800 rub. And you can do it, although it is not so easy.
How to make a king with your own hands
First, let's define what a tsar is. This structural unit, which allows you to clean the moonshine as much as possible from all foreign impurities and fusel oils. If a drawer is installed on a household moonshine still, the output will be perfectly pure alcohol, which is usually obtained in a factory.
The key process in the distillation of moonshine is distillation, which is literally translated from Lat. means the flow of drops. During the heat exchange of alcohol-containing vapors and condensate (drops, reflux) occurring in the drawer, moonshine is purified 10-15 times better, which allows you to obtain an absolutely pure product.
First, let's figure out what the drawer is and what structural elements are included in it.
Next, study the structure of the device according to the diagram in order to understand the principle of operation and the main elements. Distillation begins from the moment when water boils in the distillation cube and alcohol-containing vapors begin to rise through the pipe.
- 1,2 - connecting threaded units;
- 3 - fixation of the nozzle;
- 4 - stainless steel pipe;
- 5 - thermal insulation (foam rubber, polyethylene foam)
- 6 - chaotic nozzle with contact elements;
- 7 - regular nozzle with contact elements.
A distillation column is usually assembled from several frames. Their volume is completely filled with contact elements, which ensures heat exchange between different fractions - liquid in the form of flowing condensate and steam rising to the top. In order for the layer of condensate (reflux) to be sufficient, the nozzle must be developed and fill the entire space.
How does the reflux process occur?
The production and purification of alcohol is possible only if there is a counterflow of steam from the distillation cube and flowing condensate from the head of the column.
Alcohol is removed from the liquid phase!
If the steam is not fed by reflux, heat exchange will become impossible and the process of rectification - separation of alcohol from steam - will not occur. In order for the phlegm to be saturated with alcohol-containing steam, it is necessary to install a reflux condenser. After it comes a condenser - the hollow part of the tube where the liquid is cooled to a certain temperature. Air vents, so-called, should be installed along with the reflux condenser. alcohol traps that extract substandard alcohol from steam and remove excess gas outside.
Since the alcohol is taken from the liquid (condensate), a small refrigerator must be installed to cool it sufficiently.
The main difference between a rectification chamber and a column is that the reflux process is gradual and very slow. At this time, constant heat exchange between liquid and steam occurs, which allows for better separation of fractions and, as a result, a purer final product.
Necessary materials
- a piece of stainless pipe 15.35 or 45 cm long - the basis of the drawer for the moonshine still;
- adapter with thread for fixing the limiter;
- a sieve with minimal holes to prevent the filler from spilling out;
- 35-40 metal scourers made of stainless steel.
To check whether the washcloth is actually made of stainless steel, take a regular magnet. If you are attracted to a washcloth, buy it. No - look further.
Making filler
Let us repeat, spirals from steel wool can be used as such material. You can also purchase miniature glass balls or ceramic filling in a specialized store. Both materials are completely inert and do not have any effect on the finished product.
Cut the washcloth into 2 equal parts and carefully separate the springs. Twist them into small rings to make 3-5 turns.
Be sure to sift the resulting springs so that unnecessary debris does not get into the reflux condenser.
The ideal filler is “Rolled Sulzer”, which is made of two strips of corrugated fine mesh. When laying the roll into the drawer, the direction of the strips alternates from right to left and from left to right, resulting in a regular nozzle with contact elements.
How to assemble a king
- Take a 35 inch pipe, an adapter for 35 inches on the bottom (female) and an inch on top (male);
- Screw the distiller onto the “male” from above.
- Measure 35 cm from the bottom of the pipe and drill a 6 mm hole in the pipe - this will be a sleeve for the thermometer. Insert the probe from a digital thermometer here, which will allow you to control the temperature. Be sure to cover the thermocouple sleeve with a rubber band from the dropper so that the connection is airtight.
- Fill the pipe with previously prepared springs, glass balls or ceramic filling. You compact it tightly, but don’t push it with anything. It is enough to tap the pipe on the table.
- Screw the sieve onto the bottom and secure it with an adapter.
How to assemble simplest option do-it-yourself kings - video
September 25, 2018
Specialization: philological education. Work experience as a builder - 20 years. Of these, for the last 15 years he led a team as a foreman. I know everything about construction - from design and zero cycle to interior design. Hobbies: Vocals, psychology, quail breeding.
Greetings, my dear readers.
When making furniture, each element of its body has its own meaning. Important role plays and is little known among ordinary users of the drawer. What is this element, what is it for, what types of furniture is it present in, what are its characteristics? Let's figure it all out.
What is a tsarga?
Most of the cabinet furniture parts have fairly simple names. Using these terms, it is possible to quickly understand which particular structural element we are talking about.
Item characteristics
But among the furniture parts there are some whose names mean little to non-specialists. Among them is the king. The term comes from the German word “Zarge”, which translates as “frame”.
The drawer is a horizontal connecting strip. It is placed between the legs of a bed, sofa, chair, table and other pieces of furniture. The bar strengthens the body and gives it sufficient rigidity. This happens due to the additional fixation of the product elements with its ends.
- Furniture equipped with four or more legs (tables, chairs, etc.). In this case, the drawer is a frame made of boards or bars that rigidly connects these supports.
- Beds, sofas, doors. In these designs, the drawers are horizontally oriented cross members. They provide connection vertical racks together. That is, these are the upper or lower horizontally oriented frame trims.
- Panel furniture. Connecting strips are also used in its manufacture. They perform their traditional function - they impart rigidity to the structure.
However, these elements look a little different. Most often, they are a wide and heavy panel. These details play an aesthetic role, often a central one. In addition, such details cover the fixing and other technical elements of the object.
In which pieces of furniture is it present?
Any rectangular piece of furniture has a connecting element located between the body (or seat, tabletop) and the supports. For tables and chairs, the connecting strip is the most important structural element, mounted along their entire perimeter.
Element manufacturing materials
The drawer can be made from such materials:
- From chipboards, including laminated chipboards (chipboards), veneered, plasticized or painted.
- Made from solid natural wood.
- Made from MDF with or without wood core.
- Made from thick plywood, including plasticized, laminated, veneered or painted.
- Made of metal (steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, etc.).
In the case of upholstered furniture, the drawer is often covered with some kind of dense fabric, leather or its substitute.
Tsarga in various furniture
| Photo | Piece of furniture |
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Bed
It can have from two to four connecting elements. Their exact number depends on:
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Table
This piece of furniture has a drawer that is a particularly significant connecting element. It connects the tabletop and supporting legs to each other. The drawer in this case consists of four strips mounted around the perimeter of the object. Fixing slats are found only on traditional wooden tables:
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Seats (chair, stool, armchair, etc.)
For this piece of furniture, the connecting belts, like for the table, can be mounted in two places:
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Sofa
This piece of furniture has a drawer mounted from below. It matches the armrests with each other. After installation, the drawer is covered with fabric or leather. In addition to connecting the frame elements to each other, it ensures the strength of the sofa. The height of the sofa drawer can be up to 0.3 m, and its length can reach up to 1.9 m. |
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Closet
This piece of furniture has a connecting strip that gives the rigidity and strength of its body:
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Furniture doors, as well as interior analogues
It’s worth mentioning the doors separately. After all, they can be either part of the furniture (if we are talking about cabinets) or separate element premises.
For all types of doors, drawers are necessary to give them additional strength. These elements are two pairs of planks. One of them is oriented horizontally, and the second - vertically.
The materials used for manufacturing are::
- coniferous or deciduous wood varieties;
The internal section connecting the slats to each other can be made from any facing material. Essentially, this part of the door is a decorative insert. The more frames you install, the stronger and stiffer the door frame will be.
To complete the appearance, the door frame and filling can be decorated with:
- laminate;
- natural veneer;
- polyvinyl chloride coating;
- several layers of paint.
Advantages of doors that have drawers in their design:
- Increased strength and reliability of the structure.
- Convenient step-by-step installation and ease of further repairs.
- Missing seams on trim and joints of parts.
- Aesthetic appearance.
- When changing the elements of its frame, the appearance of the door changes. This situation plays into the hands of those who regularly change the design of their home on their own, thereby saving money.
Do-it-yourself assembly
Often users undertake to do it themselves simple objects furniture, such as a stool, table or chair. After all, there are no complex elements in their design, and the work is not very labor-intensive.
Here you need to take into account that all furniture elements must be made correctly:
- To make a simple stool or chair, you need to prepare four connecting slats.
- If you choose a solid type of wood for this, the piece of furniture will last a long time.
- The dimensions of each element depend on the expected size of the stool, table or chair. Based on this, it is extremely important to determine in advance what the length and width of the interior item will be.
- Corner strips for furniture legs must be cut at an angle, based on its specific design features. This should be taken into account when assembling the item. In addition, it is important to consider at what angle its supports will be fixed.
- You should not only do the job correctly, but also wisely choose the material for assembling the furniture, as well as the elements of the lifting mechanism (if provided).
When you select furniture in a showroom or place an order for its assembly, take a closer look at the quality of execution of its individual parts. The reliability, strength, comfort and service life of a household item depend on this.
Conclusion
The drawer drawer is an important element of the bed frame, as well as any other cabinet furniture. It connects the elements of an object with each other. Thanks to this, the structure becomes stronger, more reliable and durable.
If you have any questions, voice them in the comments. Therefore, I say goodbye and success to you in your endeavors.
For kitchen table You can use a countertop made of artificial or natural stone. Before starting work, it is better to immediately make or buy the tabletop itself. The dimensions of the tabletop may be different, so if necessary, you need to recalculate the length of the drawers.
All other parameters, thickness and width of parts can be left. The only thing you should adhere to is the height of the table. For kitchen 750-760 mm. , for a large dining room 760-780 mm. , the last digit is the maximum.
I made a base for a ready-made, custom-made tabletop measuring 850/600 mm. , 40 mm thick. . A piece of laminate is installed on the bottom of the tabletop, in a recess, so attaching the tabletop to the tabletop on furniture corners does not present any difficulties.
The total height of the table is 750 mm. , height of legs 710 mm. . The width of the underframe along the facade is 750 mm. , along the side 500 mm. . Overhangs of the table cover are 50 mm. from all sides. Along the front of the table there is a drawer mounted on telescopic or roller guides. I used birch as the material; of course, you can use other types of wood, such as pine.
The table legs are made of bars with a cross section of 50/50 mm. , along the two inner edges of the legs, they are tapered so that the lower end has a cross-section of 30/30 mm. . Assembly of legs with classic-looking drawers, on spikes.
Drawers for the table.
Two side drawers, length 400 mm.
width 120 mm.
thickness 25 mm.
Rear drawer length 650 mm.
width 120 mm.
thickness 25 mm.
On the front side, the drawer is not solid, but consists of two parts.
The front drawer bars are 650 mm long.
width 38 mm.
thickness 20 mm.
The dimensions of the drawers are given without taking into account the length of the tenons, all tenons are 30-35 mm long. .
From the front part, the bars are installed so as to create an opening for installing a box 650 mm wide. and height 80 mm. .
We make the drawer for the table 70 mm high. , width 625 mm. , depth 450 mm. . As for the width of the drawer, it is better to first measure the thickness of the guides. The width of the drawer should be less than the width of the opening by two thicknesses of the guides plus 1 mm. for free movement.
We must try to make the width exactly right, down to a millimeter, otherwise it will take a long time to adjust the box. Or unwind and reduce the length of the front and back wall drawer if the drawer is too wide. Or put something under the guides if the box turns out to be small. In the end, everything can be adjusted, but as they say, this is extra hemorrhoids.
Facade strip, box lid size 397/120 mm. , thickness 15-16 mm. , or you can make it thinner so that the box does not protrude beyond the legs.
This drawer is mounted on telescopic guides. Of course, you can also use roller ones, they are cheaper and easier to adjust. But not everyone likes this roar when moving out, especially at night. There are two and three-link telescopic guides. It is better to choose three-link ones; with two-link ones, the drawer does not open completely, and, oddly enough, it is more difficult to install them.
In order not to rack your brains too much, make markings for the guides in the middle of the opening, and accordingly in the middle of the side walls of the drawer. Divide the width of the drawer in two and draw a pencil line parallel to the edge. Divide the guide into inner and outer parts. Attach the inner part to the side of the drawer so that the line in the holes for the screws is in the center, mark with a pencil or immediately an awl the points for screwing in the screws.
Also mark the outer part of the guide in the middle, from the inside of the side drawers. Just first you need to make the platform flush with the legs. I installed two 40 mm wide planks from the inside. , 12 mm thick. , length 400 mm. . They can be glued, or simply screwed with small self-tapping screws. When installing external parts of the guides, they should not protrude beyond the line of the facade, but it is better to recess them inward by 2-3 mm. .
It is better to adjust the drawer after you have installed and secured the tabletop. The tabletop is attached to 6-8 corners with self-tapping screws. Next, you need to place the table on some kind of flat surface, and, if necessary, adjust the height of the legs. After the table is fully adjusted, it must be disassembled and disconnected
tabletop, remove the guides and drawer handle.
The last stage is final sanding and painting. There are quite a lot of options here, this table is first tinted and then covered with clear varnish. I don’t have a photo of the finished kitchen, but take my word for it, the color of the underframe and countertop matches
overall kitchen design.
Types of fastening to furniture for strength: side drawer - what is it and what is the difference between the sofa and tabletop fixation
In furniture production, each structural element plays an important role, this includes the little-known drawer. What is it and why is it so necessary, both in furniture and interior doors? The drawer is an important element that ensures the strength of tables, sofas and even chairs.
The drawbar, as a design feature, is a connecting part that is responsible for the reliability of the product and fastening connection. Represents support in any furniture attribute.
For example: a table is a simple structure that consists of a tabletop and legs. But they are not connected to each other, but with the help of a connecting board, which ensures reliable fastening and stability of the legs.
Thus, the furniture drawer is a simple but very important connecting element with which the entire structure is assembled. Let’s talk in more detail about what a tsarga is and what information Wikipedia gives about it.
In which furniture elements is it present?
What is a drawer in furniture? Any rectangular product has in its design a connecting part located between the tabletop and legs. In furniture such as a table or chair, it is the most important element and is installed around the entire perimeter. A bed, for example, includes only three such elements, installed at the head of the bed, and also fastened together. In this case, they have another purpose, which is to hold the mattress. Many manufacturers upholster the drawer with all sorts of materials. For a sofa, this part is installed at the bottom of the product and connects the armrests to each other, after which it is upholstered with fabric.
The materials from which the drawer is made are:
- solid wood;
- plywood.
In the chair it is also located at the bottom of the structure and fastens the armrests together.
Interior door
The door frame is used to provide increased strength. It consists of two strips - vertical and horizontal. The materials most often used for its manufacture are:
- coniferous wood;
- fibreboard.
The internal part connecting the planks to each other can be made of any material, and also represents a simple decorative insert. A larger number of strips provides the highest level of rigidity at the door. To make the door look more complete, its cladding is made from:
The advantages of a drawer in an interior door include:
- increased level of reliability and strength;
- convenient element-by-element installation, as well as subsequent repairs;
- absence of seams on elements such as cladding and joints;
- an appearance that looks attractive.
When replacing some elements, the appearance of the door changes.
This option is perfect for those who are constantly updating the design of their premises, and also trying to save money when changing the interior.
But such designs have certain disadvantages, such as a low level of safety, as well as a large mass.
That is why for those who want to install a lightweight door, it is better to choose fiberboard slabs, but a small number of disadvantages are easily compensated by the advantages described above.
In a piece of furniture such as a table, it is the most important connecting part that holds the tabletop and legs together. The table drawer is installed around the perimeter of the product in the amount of four pieces.
The fastening strip is present only on classic wooden tables . The tsar table is stronger and more reliable.
This element is located under the tabletop and connects the legs of the product to each other; in addition, there may be an additional part that is located on the lower part. It is called “legging”. Fastening the drawer to the tabletop provides additional reliability and stability of the product.
For a chair, as for a table, it has an important connecting task, and can also be installed in two places at the same time. One of them is located at the top of the structure, while the others are located below and are called prongs.
Sofa
What is a sofa frame? First of all, it is an important component of the design and is located at the bottom of the product. In addition to connecting the armrests together, it is responsible for the reliability of the structure. Most often it is covered with the same type of fabric that is used for upholstery. The height of the drawer can reach 30 cm, but the length reaches 190 cm.
Bed
The bed frames are connected to each other, as well as to the headboard, ensuring the reliability of the entire structure. They are upholstered with any materials or fabrics, and are also responsible for holding the mattress. The bed has three such elements.
What is a cabinet drawer and why is it needed? In such an element of furniture, it is responsible for the rigidity of the entire structure; it is present where there are long spans with shelves. It is installed in the rear part of the structure and has a vertical location. It connects the stand and the side of the cabinet. Can also be present with the chefflot, maintaining an even position. A shelf is a retractable drawer that is located in a closet.
Prices for the drawer
DIY making
Most craftsmen independently undertake the manufacture of such simple furniture elements as stools or even tables, the design of which is not complicated or labor-intensive. It is only important to remember that each element must be manufactured correctly. To make a stool, you will need to make four drawers.
The size of each part depends on the expected size of the product itself, so it is very important to know what length and width your stool will be.
The corner drawer for the table leg can be cut at an angle, depending on the design of the product. All this is important to take into account at the assembly stage. In addition, you should not miss the angle at which the legs are fastened.
Once all the steps are followed, the materials are prepared, assembly can be carried out.
The drawstring fabric is a very important component of almost every element of furniture, since it is it that ensures reliable connection between the key parts of the entire structure. In addition, in some cases, this detail provides furniture products with additional strength and durability. It is worth carefully approaching the choice of material, as well as manufacturing technology.
If you choose furniture or order its production, pay attention to the quality of individual elements. The strength, stability, and therefore the convenience and lifespan of the items will depend on this. It is important not only to perform the work efficiently, but also to select the right raw materials for production.
Video on the topic: curly drawers for a chair
Details of cabinet furniture and their names
The main details of cabinet furniture are quite easy to remember, the names of the furniture parts speak for themselves, these are the sides, bottom, lid or tabletop, back wall, drawer or plinth, and in some cases shelves, doors, also known as facades, drawers, dryers, handrails and things like that. The parts are divided into two main types: the first type is the parts that form the furniture frame, the second type is those furniture parts that are installed directly on the already assembled frame.
As an example, let's look at what parts a kitchen table consists of.
The parts that form the frame of the furniture in this case are the sidewalls (No. 1), the back wall (No. 2), the drawer or base (No. 3) and the bottom (No. 4), it is also worth noting the important role of the tabletop (not shown in the figure) in this design it must be rigidly fixed either to dowels or to corners. In our case, the additional parts installed on the assembled furniture frame are the remaining doors (no. 5), shelves (no. 7) and drawers (no. 6).
And, by the way, if you want to get new furniture due only to the desire to update the kitchen, although functionally satisfied with the old one, it’s probably worth thinking about changing only the hanging parts of the facades, handles and other things. Functionality is another matter - here it’s worth thinking about complete refurbishment or about adding some furniture elements.
Let's return to the topic of frame furniture details and consider the features of each of them.
Detail of cabinet furniture - Sidewall.
The length and width of the sidewall determine the height and depth of your table, and while you can experiment with depth, an incorrectly selected table height can make it extremely uncomfortable. Among the design features, it is worth noting the need to cut off the corner in the far lower corner of the sidewall, otherwise the table will rest against the baseboard, which will not allow you to move the table close to the wall.
Detail of cabinet furniture - Back wall.
Typically made from fiberboard or treated fiberboard. The width of the back wall is made three millimeters less than the width of the table and, when fastening, they retreat approximately one and a half millimeters on each side. The height of the back wall of the kitchen table should also be shorter, but by 1 - 2 millimeters from the edge of the bottom to the tabletop (there is no need to cover the space behind the console with the back wall). In the lower part you also retreat from the edge of the bottom, but in the upper part it is advisable to make it flush with the sides. The back wall is attached to the furniture parts using ordinary small nails (like post nails), take my word for it - this fastening is enough.
Detail of cabinet furniture - drawer, console.
In most cases, the height of this part is approximately 10 cm. This size of the furniture is due to the fact that the drawer, together with the back wall, prevents our structure from diagonal deformation (in other words, it does not allow it to fall on its side). The width of the console is equal to the width of the table minus the thickness of the two sides. The console is attached tightly between the sidewalls, it is advisable to use furniture screed confirmation In many designs, the drawer is installed flush with the doors, which in my opinion is wrong because when approaching the table you will constantly rub your shoes against the drawer, so it is worth recessing it somewhat inside the table. Installing a drawer at the bottom of the table is traditional, but not at all necessary, so the following figure shows the use of a drawer in place of the console, which can either be attached to the sides or have its own wheels; in the latter case, it is possible to store heavier things or, for example, potatoes. The console in this design is installed at the top of the table.
Detail of cabinet furniture - bottom.
The detail is simple but irreplaceable. The dimensions of the bottom correspond to the depth of the table and the width minus the thickness of the two sides. The bottom is tightly fastened between the sidewalls; it is advisable to use Confirmat furniture screed for fastening.
Details of cabinet furniture - doors.
Doors, or facades, are a separate big topic that we will talk about next time. In this case, we will only touch on the dimensions of the door. The width of the door corresponds to half the width of the table minus five millimeters. (4 millimeters on the edges (2 mm on each side) and one millimeter on each door for the gap between them). The height of the door depends on the presence of drawers in the design, in the presence of which it is necessary to take into account a gap of 2 millimeters with the mating parts of the furniture.
Details of cabinet furniture - drawers and shelves.
Everything is simple with the shelves; their size corresponds to the size of the bottom. It is advisable to attach it to the corners, furniture dowel dowel or on special shelf holders. Boxes are a kind of separate design and therefore we will devote a separate topic to them.
In this case, we have not considered all the details of cabinet furniture, but only the main ones, which I hope will be enough to assemble furniture with your own hands for your home and garden.
Description of the drawer, as well as the principle of its operation, independent production at home
In search of ways to produce not only natural, but also pure moonshine at home, inventors came up with a smaller copy of industrial installations for the production of alcohol.
This is how a drawer for a moonshine still appeared in the design, capable of both purifying and strengthening alcohol vapors.
What is this module?
This is an add-on alembic – vertical pipe. There are compact designs of distillers in which the drawer is low, and additional attachments– steamer/bubbler, refrigerator.
There are also long structures - film and distillation columns.
Purpose
With the help of the tsarga, it is possible to obtain moonshine that is strong and relatively organoleptically pure.
That is, in your own kitchen, create a product that is not inferior to store-bought spirits, or even superior to them.
Functions and design features
The pipe above the cube has three functions:
- Purification of moonshine from high-boiling components - oily fusel.
- Splash prevention.
- Strengthening the final product through dehydration. The degree of strengthening depends on the height of the column. With a 20-centimeter it is foolish to hope for alcohol, but with a high one it is quite possible.
The drawer can be either hollow or filled with nozzles or spiral-prismatic nozzles (RPN or SPN).
Operating principle
The module operates on the same principle as industrial column installations for the production of alcohol. Heat and mass exchange occurs in the column: vapors, breaking away from the heated alcohol-containing liquid, rush upward, partially cooling, and return downward with reflux.
Along the way they meet new couples, interacting with them. Heavy oily fractions flow back into the cube. Repeatedly evaporating, the alcohol is purified, getting rid of water at the same time (strengthening).
This process is called partial condensation. In the same way, multicomponent mixtures (oil, for example) are separated into individual substances.
Column nozzles increase the contact area between vapor and reflux, improving the quality of the final product.
How to choose?
When choosing a device with a drawer, it is important to consider the purpose for which you are purchasing it. If you need a moonshine still with a steamer or a bubbler to produce aromatic moonshine, then the length of the drawer is taken equal to the refrigerator or slightly higher.
Common materials for making: food grade stainless steel, although there are also copper ones.
If you want to produce alcohol with a strength of 80° or more, you need a high column. Let's look at this design in more detail.
Drawer for distillation and mash columns
For mash and distillation columns – special conditions. The success of converting mash or raw alcohol (distillate obtained by direct distillation) into pure alcohol depends on compliance with the requirements for devices of this type.
Diameter
For household distillation and mash type The accepted internal diameter is 38-48 mm. The productivity of the column depends on it.
With a nominal height of 1.5 meters and an internal diameter of 38 mm, the calculated productivity will be up to 1 l/hour, and with 48 mm – 1.8 l/hour.
Effect of altitude
It is extremely important for the separation ability of the column (separation of individual substances) that the packed part is at least 1 m, and the total height does not exceed 1.5 meters. If the length is shorter, the efficiency of selecting heads will be impaired and even 96° alcohol will not be pure in composition.
The number of nozzles should be 30 times the internal diameter of the drawer. That is, for example: 38 mm x 30 = 1140 mm. With a diameter of 48, this figure will increase to 1440.
Attention. Do not confuse the full height of the drawer with the attachment (the one where the RNP is located), which determines the performance of the structure.
Is it possible to replace it with a steamer?
The steamer is not able to fully replace the drawer. This is due to the difference in chemical processes that occur in these modules.
The dry steamer only partially removes fusel oils even with fractional distillation, but the column is capable of producing alcohol completely free of impurities.
How to do it yourself?
In order to make a tsar with your own hands, you will need:
- hollow pipe made of stainless steel or copper;
- adapters;
- connecting elements;
- welding machine and skills to work with it.
Calculation of length and diameter
The generally accepted diameter (internal) has already been mentioned. One should not think that as the length of the pipe increases, its productivity and degree of purification will also improve.
Changes in height have an uneven effect on separation abilities and operating efficiency:
- It has been practically proven that when the height of the drawer is less than 45 cm, only partial purification and strengthening of the resulting distillate occurs.
- Height mash column always exceeds 45 cm.
- For rectification, it is necessary that the height of the drawer be 30 of its internal diameters.
Frame
The body can only be a pipe made of copper or stainless steel. Aluminum, cast iron, especially plastic, are not suitable for this module.
Connections
Since the drawer is installed vertically above the cube, then in industrial version Clamp connections are used as the most reliable. Sometimes they make a flanged cover on which a pipe is fixedly installed by welding.
When making it yourself, the threaded connection is most often used. For this purpose, a threaded fitting with an external thread of the same diameter as the drawer is installed in the middle of the cube lid.
Accordingly, a thread is cut on the inside of the drawer that matches the fitting. At home, internal and external threads can be “swapped”.
Carefully. For a reliable connection, the threaded part must be at least 3 cm.
Mesh for stuffing
The mesh for stuffing can be stainless steel wire scrubbers, which are common in the kitchen. They do a good job of precipitating fusel components and purifying moonshine.
In the case of using wire mesh for dishes, the first one is inserted entirely into the lower part of the drawer. The rest are cut into pieces and poured on top. This ensures reliable heat and mass transfer between steam and reflux.
Attention. When distilling grain and fruit mashes, it is better to use springs made of copper wire rather than pieces of mesh.
Wind the wire turn by turn onto the rod (cleaned electrode), then cut into small pieces. Copper perfectly cleans moonshine from sulfur compounds, which are especially abundant in grain wort.
An excellent option would be to purchase a RNP (regular Panchenkov nozzle) made of stainless steel. You can buy it in most online stores and use it an infinite number of times.
After each distillation, take out the mesh, unfold it, rinse it, twist it and insert it back. If you do not plan to use the device quickly, it is better to dry the attachments.
Peculiarities. The on-load tap-changer can be used in conjunction with copper springs. Or buy copper mesh right away, there is that option.
Work progress
- Cut the drawer, focusing on 45-50 cm (or an arbitrary length depending on your idea).
- In the middle of the cube, install a fitting onto which the drawer will be screwed.
- On top of the pipe, provide for mounting the head part of the rectifier with cooling if you are building a distillation column. Or brew it tightly by welding a tube on the side and top leading to a steamer/bubbler or directly to the refrigerator.
Peculiarities. To create a full-fledged distillation or mash column, provide mounting so that you can deliver another module of the drawer.
- Provide a socket for a thermometer on the top or side.
- Connect other modules (if used) and the refrigerator.
Often in home kingdom construction, a mesh is also welded at the bottom of the pipe in order to be able to fill the frame with washcloths or spirals. This role can be perfectly fulfilled by an RNP, twisted and inserted into a pipe.
Is insulation necessary?
Another important question– is insulation necessary for the drawer? Many people do without it; moreover, they direct a flow of cold air onto the pipe with a fan to cool it for better condensation.
However, it has been proven that insulation reduces heat loss, resulting in faster distillation and higher purity of the resulting distillate or rectified product.
Some kings industrial production come with insulation. If you decide to insulate, then make a cover from felt or flexible insulation with foil from a hardware store. Make the cover removable, since it is difficult to predict whether it will be useful. Only practice will show this.
It’s up to you to use a ready-made device with a drawer or improve an existing one. If you have experience working with an “old-fashioned” distiller and a still with a drawer, share your impressions in the comments to the article.
What is a bed frame, what is it intended for and what can it be?
The drawer connects the elements of the bed.
Greetings, my dear readers.
When making furniture, each element of its body has its own meaning. The drawer, which is little known among ordinary users, also plays an important role. What is this element, what is it for, what types of furniture is it present in, what are its characteristics? Let's figure it all out.
What is a tsarga?
Most of the cabinet furniture parts have fairly simple names. Using these terms, it is possible to quickly understand which particular structural element we are talking about.
Item characteristics
But among the furniture parts there are some whose names mean little to non-specialists. Among them is the king. The term comes from the German word “Zarge”, which translates as “frame”.
This is the same king.
The drawer is a horizontal connecting strip. It is placed between the legs of a bed, sofa, chair, table and other pieces of furniture. The bar strengthens the body and gives it sufficient rigidity. This happens due to the additional fixation of the product elements with its ends.
- Furniture equipped with four or more legs (tables, chairs, etc.). In this case, the drawer is a frame made of boards or bars that rigidly connects these supports.
- Beds, sofas, doors. In these designs, the drawers are horizontally oriented cross members. They provide connection between the vertical posts and each other. That is, these are the upper or lower horizontally oriented frame trims.
In panel interior items, the drawer is a wide panel.
- Panel furniture. Connecting strips are also used in its manufacture. They perform their traditional function - they impart rigidity to the structure.
However, these elements look a little different. Most often, they are a wide and heavy panel. These details play an aesthetic role, often a central one. In addition, such details cover the fixing and other technical elements of the object.
In which pieces of furniture is it present?
Any rectangular piece of furniture has a connecting element located between the body (or seat, tabletop) and the supports. For tables and chairs, the connecting strip is the most important structural element, mounted along their entire perimeter.
Element manufacturing materials
Connecting strip made of MDF.
The drawer can be made from such materials:
- From chipboards, including laminated chipboards (chipboards), veneered, plasticized or painted.
- Made from solid natural wood.
- Made from MDF with or without wood core.
- Made from thick plywood, including plasticized, laminated, veneered or painted.
- Made of metal (steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, etc.).
In the case of upholstered furniture, the drawer is often covered with some kind of dense fabric, leather or its substitute.
Plank made of natural wood.
Tsarga in various furniture
It can have from two to four connecting elements.
Their exact number depends on:
- does the sleeping place have a headboard and footboard;
- whether there is only one back;
- are both the headboard and footboard missing? The connecting elements of the bed mate with each other and the backrest. This ensures the strength and reliability of the furniture frame. The slats are also responsible for holding the bed, for example, a mattress. In the simplest case, to assemble a new bed, you just need to fix the fastening strips between the headboard and footboard of the furniture. The connecting elements of the soft bed can be covered with upholstery, fabric or leather.
This piece of furniture has a drawer that is a particularly significant connecting element.
It connects the tabletop and supporting legs to each other.
The drawer in this case consists of four strips mounted around the perimeter of the object.
Fixing slats are found only on traditional wooden tables:
- They are placed under the tabletop and mate furniture legs with each other.
- In addition, the table may have an additional connecting belt located at the bottom. It is called a prong or ligament.
- Fixing the slats to the tabletop gives the piece of furniture additional reliability, strength and stability.
Not all table options have a drawer. After all, not every model is equipped with four support legs. Therefore there is no need to connect them to each other.
For this piece of furniture, the connecting belts, like for the table, can be mounted in two places:
- the first drawer is placed at the top of the chair;
- the second belt of the slats is placed at the bottom and is called the leg. In the case of armchairs, the drawer is also mounted in the lower part of the frame. It connects the armrests to each other.
This piece of furniture has a drawer mounted from below.
It matches the armrests with each other.
After installation, the drawer is covered with fabric or leather.
In addition to connecting the frame elements to each other, it ensures the strength of the sofa.
The height of the sofa drawer can be up to 0.3 m, and its length can reach up to 1.9 m.
This piece of furniture has a connecting strip that gives the rigidity and strength of its body:
- It is mounted on longitudinal spans with shelves. In this case, the drawer is placed in a horizontal position on the back of the cabinet. It matches the racks and side walls of the furniture with each other.
- In addition, the drawer can be mounted next to cabinet drawers. In this case, it is needed to support them in an even position.
It should be noted that the absence of connecting strips in the cabinet will cause its body to become deformed and skewed. Some unscrupulous manufacturers do not install drawers on their products, thus saving raw materials and trying to reduce the cost of furniture.
Furniture doors, as well as interior analogues
The door frame has two pairs of connecting strips, oriented vertically and horizontally.
It’s worth mentioning the doors separately. After all, they can be either part of the furniture (if we are talking about cabinets) or a separate element of the room.
For all types of doors, drawers are necessary to give them additional strength. These elements are two pairs of planks. One of them is oriented horizontally, and the second - vertically.
The most reliable planks are made from solid wood.
The materials used for manufacturing are::
- coniferous or deciduous wood varieties;
The internal section connecting the slats to each other can be made of any facing material. Essentially, this part of the door is a decorative insert. The more frames you install, the stronger and stiffer the door frame will be.
Door elements can be coated with different materials.
To complete the appearance, the door frame and filling can be decorated with:
- laminate;
- natural veneer;
- polyvinyl chloride coating;
- several layers of paint.
Tsar doors are the most durable and reliable.
Advantages of doors that have drawers in their design:
- Increased strength and reliability of the structure.
- Convenient step-by-step installation and ease of further repairs.
- Missing seams on trim and joints of parts.
- Aesthetic appearance.
- When changing the elements of its frame, the appearance of the door changes. This situation plays into the hands of those who regularly change the design of their home on their own, thereby saving money.
Do-it-yourself assembly
You can make simple pieces of furniture yourself.
Often, users undertake to make simple pieces of furniture themselves, for example, a stool, table or chair. After all, there are no complex elements in their design, and the work is not very labor-intensive.
Here you need to take into account that all furniture elements must be made correctly:
- To make a simple stool or chair, you need to prepare four connecting slats.
- If you choose a solid type of wood for this, the piece of furniture will last a long time.
Before assembling a piece of furniture, it is necessary to accurately determine the dimensions of all its elements.
- The dimensions of each element depend on the expected size of the stool, table or chair. Based on this, it is extremely important to determine in advance what the length and width of the interior item will be.
- Corner strips for furniture legs must be cut at an angle, based on its specific design features. This should be taken into account when assembling the item. In addition, it is important to consider at what angle its supports will be fixed.
The best material for furniture is natural wood.
- You should not only do the job correctly, but also wisely choose the material for assembling the furniture, as well as the elements of the lifting mechanism (if provided).
When you select furniture in a showroom or place an order for its assembly, take a closer look at the quality of execution of its individual parts. The reliability, strength, comfort and service life of a household item depend on this.
Conclusion
The drawer drawer is an important element of the bed frame, as well as any other cabinet furniture. It connects the elements of an object with each other. Thanks to this, the structure becomes stronger, more reliable and durable.
If you have any questions, voice them in the comments. Therefore, I say goodbye and success to you in your endeavors.
Obtaining rectified alcohol is the cherished dream of every moonshiner. This is pure ethyl alcohol of 96% strength, purified from all foreign impurities. In order to prepare such high-quality alcohol, it is necessary to install a rectification frame on the moonshine still.
This is a tube of a certain length, made of stainless steel and filled with prismatic spiral-shaped nozzles. The main task of such a device is to separate moonshine vapors into separate fractions of different densities. A do-it-yourself drawer for a moonshine still, made according to all the rules, allows you to create factory-level equipment.
Why do you need a drawer for a moonshine still?
The length of a homemade rectification drawer must be clearly defined - it is the length that is responsible for the frequency of purification of the final product. Thus, a 15-centimeter pipe provides 20 times of cleaning, a 35-centimeter pipe - 50 times, and a 45-centimeter pipe - 60 times of cleaning. As you can see, the higher the distillation chamber, the slower the process of fraction separation occurs, accordingly, there are fewer foreign impurities and the higher the strength of the drink.
Even with a standard drawer height of 15-35 cm, you can get an excellent product, but before that you should definitely clean it with activated carbon or potassium permanganate.
For reference. How to clean moonshine with charcoal - take the preparation at the rate of 50-60 grams per 1 liter of drink, crush and pour. Leave for 5-7 days, shaking occasionally. After a week, you pass it through a regular water filter and you get moonshine without fusel oils and foreign odors.
If you want to get 96% alcohol after the first distillation, you will need a 45 cm distillation frame. You can buy it, but it will be quite expensive. Average price 2600-4800 rub. And you can do it, although it is not so easy.
How to make a king with your own hands
First, let's define what a tsar is. This is a structural unit that allows you to clean moonshine as much as possible from all foreign impurities and fusel oils. If a drawer is installed on a household moonshine still, the output will be perfectly pure alcohol, which is usually obtained in a factory.
The key process in the distillation of moonshine is distillation, which is literally translated from Lat. means the flow of drops. During the heat exchange of alcohol-containing vapors and condensate (drops, reflux) occurring in the drawer, moonshine is purified 10-15 times better, which allows you to obtain an absolutely pure product.
First, let's figure out what the drawer is and what structural elements are included in it.
Next, study the structure of the device according to the diagram in order to understand the principle of operation and the main elements. Distillation begins from the moment when water boils in the distillation cube and alcohol-containing vapors begin to rise through the pipe.
- 1,2 - connecting threaded units;
- 3 - fixation of the nozzle;
- 4 - stainless steel pipe;
- 5 - thermal insulation (foam rubber, polyethylene foam)
- 6 - chaotic nozzle with contact elements;
- 7 - regular nozzle with contact elements.
A distillation column is usually assembled from several frames. Their volume is completely filled with contact elements, which ensures heat exchange between different fractions - liquid in the form of flowing condensate and steam rising to the top. In order for the layer of condensate (reflux) to be sufficient, the nozzle must be developed and fill the entire space.
How does the reflux process occur?
The production and purification of alcohol is possible only if there is a counterflow of steam from the distillation cube and flowing condensate from the head of the column.
Alcohol is removed from the liquid phase!
If the steam is not fed by reflux, heat exchange will become impossible and the process of rectification - separation of alcohol from steam - will not occur. In order for the phlegm to be saturated with alcohol-containing steam, it is necessary to install a reflux condenser. After it comes a condenser - the hollow part of the tube where the liquid is cooled to a certain temperature. Air vents, so-called, should be installed along with the reflux condenser. alcohol traps that extract substandard alcohol from steam and remove excess gas outside.
Since the alcohol is taken from the liquid (condensate), a small refrigerator must be installed to cool it sufficiently.
The main difference between a rectification chamber and a column is that the reflux process is gradual and very slow. At this time, constant heat exchange between liquid and steam occurs, which allows for better separation of fractions and, as a result, a purer final product.
Necessary materials
- a piece of stainless pipe 15.35 or 45 cm long - the basis of the drawer for the moonshine still;
- adapter with thread for fixing the limiter;
- a sieve with minimal holes to prevent the filler from spilling out;
- 35-40 metal scourers made of stainless steel.
To check whether the washcloth is actually made of stainless steel, take a regular magnet. If you are attracted to a washcloth, buy it. No - look further.
Making filler
Let us repeat, spirals from steel wool can be used as such material. You can also purchase miniature glass balls or ceramic filling in a specialized store. Both materials are completely inert and do not have any effect on the finished product.
Cut the washcloth into 2 equal parts and carefully separate the springs. Twist them into small rings to make 3-5 turns.
Be sure to sift the resulting springs so that unnecessary debris does not get into the reflux condenser.
The ideal filler is “Rolled Sulzer”, which is made of two strips of corrugated fine mesh. When laying the roll into the drawer, the direction of the strips alternates from right to left and from left to right, resulting in a regular nozzle with contact elements.
How to assemble a king
- Take a 35 inch pipe, an adapter for 35 inches on the bottom (female) and an inch on top (male);
- Screw the distiller onto the “male” from above.
- Measure 35 cm from the bottom of the pipe and drill a 6 mm hole in the pipe - this will be a sleeve for the thermometer. Insert the probe from a digital thermometer here, which will allow you to control the temperature. Be sure to cover the thermocouple sleeve with a rubber band from the dropper so that the connection is airtight.
- Fill the pipe with previously prepared springs, glass balls or ceramic filling. You compact it tightly, but don’t push it with anything. It is enough to tap the pipe on the table.
- Screw the sieve onto the bottom and secure it with an adapter.
How to assemble the simplest version of a drawer with your own hands - video
In furniture production, each structural element plays an important role, this includes the little-known Tsarga What it isand why is it so necessary, both in furniture and in interior doors? The drawer is an important element that ensures the strength of tables, sofas and even chairs.
In contact with
The drawbar, as a design feature, is a connecting part that is responsible for the reliability of the product and fastening connection. Represents support in any furniture attribute.
For example: The table is a simple structure that consists of a tabletop and legs. But they are not connected to each other, but with the help of a connecting board, which ensures reliable fastening and stability of the legs.
Thus, furniture drawer isa simple but very important connecting element with which the entire structure is assembled. About what it is king, what information does it give about her? Wikipedia , let's talk in more detail.
In which furniture elements is it present?
What is a drawer in furniture ? Any rectangular product has in its design a connecting part located between the tabletop and legs. In furniture such as a table or chair, it is the most important element and is installed around the entire perimeter. A bed, for example, includes only three such elements, installed at the head of the bed, and also fastened together. In this case, they have another purpose, which is to hold the mattress. Many manufacturers upholster the drawer with all sorts of materials. For a sofa, this part is installed at the bottom of the product and connects the armrests to each other, after which it is upholstered with fabric.
The materials from which the drawer is made are:
- solid wood;
- plywood.
In the chair it is also located at the bottom of the structure and fastens the armrests together.
Interior door
For the side door used to provide increased strength. It consists of two strips - vertical and horizontal. The materials most often used for its manufacture are:
- coniferous wood;
- fibreboard.
The internal part connecting the planks to each other can be made of any material, and also represents a simple decorative insert. A larger number of strips provides the highest level of rigidity at the door. To make the door look more complete, its cladding is made from:
- laminate;
- veneer;
- PVC coverings.
The advantages of a drawer in an interior door include:
- increased level of reliability and strength;
- convenient element-by-element installation, as well as subsequent repairs;
- absence of seams on elements such as cladding and joints;
- an appearance that looks attractive.
When replacing some elements, the appearance of the door changes.
This option is perfect for those who are constantly updating the design of their premises, and also trying to save money when changing the interior.
But such designs have certain disadvantages, such as a low level of safety, as well as a large mass.
That is why for those who want to install a lightweight door, it is better to choose fiberboard slabs, but a small number of disadvantages are easily compensated by the advantages described above.
Table
In a piece of furniture such as a table, it is the most important connecting part that holds the tabletop and legs together. Table drawer installed around the perimeter of the product in the amount of four pieces.
Attention!Not every table model has a drawer, since not all have four legs and it is not always necessary to establish a connection between them.
The fastening strip is present only on classic wooden tables . The tsar table is stronger and more reliable.
This element is located under the tabletop and connects the legs of the product to each other; in addition, there may be an additional part that is located on the lower part. It is called “legging”. Attaching the drawer to the table topprovides additional reliability and stability of the product.
Chair
For a chair, as for a table, it has an important connecting task, and can also be installed in two places at the same time. One of them is located at the top of the structure, while the others are located below and are called prongs.
Sofa
What is a sofa drawer ? First of all, it is an important component of the design and is located at the bottom of the product.In addition to connecting the armrests together, it is responsible for the reliability of the structure.Most often it is covered with the same type of fabric that is used for upholstery. Tsar height can reach 30 cm, but the length reaches 190 cm.
Bed
Bed drawers are connected to each other, as well as to the headboard, ensuring the reliability of the entire structure. They are upholstered with any materials or fabrics, and are also responsible for holding the mattress. The bed has three such elements.
Closet
What is a cabinet drawer and why is it needed? In such an element of furniture, it is responsible for the rigidity of the entire structure; it is present where there are long spans with shelves.It is installed in the rear part of the structure and has a vertical location.It connects the stand and the side of the cabinet. Can also be present with the chefflot, maintaining an even position. Sheflot is a retractable drawer that is located in the closet.
Attention! The absence of a drawer in this design will result in the cabinet being skewed. Many manufacturers are trying to save money and reduce the cost of their product in this way. In the store this defect is not noticeable, but as soon as the closet is filled with things at home, it will appear.
DIY making
Most craftsmen independently undertake the manufacture of such simple furniture elements as stools or even tables, the design of which is not complicated or labor-intensive. It is only important to remember that each element must be manufactured correctly. To make a stool, you will need to make four drawers.
Advice!If you use hardwood during manufacturing, you can achieve a longer service life of the product.
The size of each part depends on the expected size of the product itself, so it is very important to know what length and width your stool will be.
Corner drawer for table legs can be cut at an angle, depending on the design of the product. All this is important to take into account at the assembly stage. In addition, you should not miss the angle at which the legs are fastened.
Once all the steps are followed, the materials are prepared, assembly can be carried out.
Drawstring fabric is a very important component of almost every piece of furniture, since it is what ensures reliable connection between the key parts of the entire structure. In addition, in some cases, this detail provides furniture products with additional strength and durability. It is worth carefully approaching the choice of material, as well as manufacturing technology.
If you choose furniture or order its production, pay attention to the quality of individual elements. The strength, stability, and therefore the convenience and lifespan of the items will depend on this. It is important not only to perform the work efficiently, but also to select the right raw materials for production.
Furniture production is a labor-intensive and responsible process in which the role of each structural element is important. One of them is the drawer, which is little known to most - this is the main element of furniture that contributes to the reliability of the table, chair, sofa and even stool. What is this element?
According to its design features, the drawer is a connecting part on which the reliability and strength of bolts and ties depends. In addition, it is a support for any furniture attribute. Let's look at a simple example: a chair consists of a tabletop and legs. But they are not attached to each other, but to a connecting board, which ensures that the legs do not wobble and stand stably, holding the tabletop. That is, the drawer is the simplest connecting element that holds the entire structure together.
Which pieces of furniture have drawers?
In any rectangular structure (whether it be a table, the legs must be fastened to the tabletop. For example, in a table and chair, drawers are an important element, and there are four of them: one along the entire perimeter of the structure. The bed has three drawers, which are fastened together and the headboard beds. Their main purpose is also that the mattress is laid on top. In some models of beds, the drawers can be upholstered with fabric or other material.
In sofas, the drawer is mounted under the seat, and it also fastens the armrests. As a rule, it is covered with the same fabric as the entire sofa. On average, the height of a sofa drawer reaches 30 cm with a maximum length of 190 cm (these indicators depend on the design features of each specific sofa). As for the material, chipboard, plywood or solid wood species can be used. In the chair, the drawer is also located under the seat and attached to the armrests, while its height has a maximum of 30 cm and a width of no more than 80 cm.
Interior doors: drawers - an important element
In this case, the drawer is a transverse crossbar with which it is connected. This element contributes to the strength and reliability of the door frame structure. At the same time, the drawer itself is made of laminated solid wood coniferous species wood and MDF. Feature of the tsargovy door leaf the fact that it has a facing coating without joints and cracks, and the combination of coniferous timber and MDF ensures that the door will last much longer and more reliably.
We build it ourselves
Probably, many craftsmen are capable of making furniture with their own hands, for example, simple stools or tables for the garden. There is nothing complicated in the process, the main thing is to take care of every detail. For example, making a drawer with your own hands is very simple.
To create a stool you will need four of them. It is best to make these frames from hardwood - this way they will last much longer. The dimensions of the workpiece depend on the length and width of the stool. The frames need to be planed and milled if the bars need to be given a certain shape. The ends of the drawer can be cut at a certain angle - this depends on the design features of the stool. The products will be attached to the legs at a certain angle, which must be taken into account during assembly. After preparing all the components, you can begin gluing the structure.
Every sophisticated moonshine lover wants to ensure that the output is not just moonshine, but high-quality alcohol of 95.6%. To obtain such a result, it is necessary to modernize the moonshine still, which, if desired, can be done with your own hands. This can be achieved by installing a rectification frame.
The drawbar for a moonshine still is an oblong stainless steel tube with inserts inside special nozzles in the form of a spiral. The main function of this device is to separate alcohol-containing vapors based on their density. This ensures maximum purification of alcohol.
Operating principle of the drawer
The basic principle of preparing alcohol is the process of refluxing, i.e., separating vapors that differ from each other in boiling point. Thus, alcohol vapors are the lightest, and they are separated from heavier substances during distillation. Refluxation always occurs in the same way, no matter whether a steam chamber or a rectifying chamber is used. The only difference is the size of these two devices. The tsarga, in contrast to the steam chamber, has a much larger volume, therefore the productivity of alcohol is several times higher.
The drawbar for a moonshine still requires very specific and precise dimensions. Its length cannot be arbitrary, since it is the length that determines how many times the moonshine will be purified. So, for example, a tube 15 cm long will allow you to purify the distilled liquid 20 times, 35 cm - 50 times, 45 cm - 60 times. In other words, the longer the pipe, the longer the rectification process takes place and, as a result, the amount of unnecessary impurities is increasingly reduced, and the degree, accordingly, increases. In general, even with a minimum length, you can prepare your own high-quality moonshine if, after distillation, you filter it using ordinary activated carbon or potassium permanganate (i.e., potassium permanganate), sold in any pharmacy. For such filtration, you need to take approximately 50 g of coal for each liter of moonshine, crush it and pour it. Let sit for a week, stirring occasionally. After the expiration date, pass through a household water filter. That's all, a pure moonshine product without an unpleasant odor or harmful substances is ready.
If you want 95.6% alcohol immediately in one distillation session, then you will need to use not just a moonshine still with a drawer, but also a drawer that is 45 cm long, no less. It can be purchased in a store, although it will not be cheap, ranging from 3000-5000 rubles. However, why buy if you can make it yourself? But it should be understood that making such a device is quite a labor-intensive task.
Making your own drawer
There is nothing overly complicated about the question of how to make a tsar with your own hands. A person who knows how to handle a tool tolerably is quite capable of coping with the task of making simple types of drawers. But it will be very useful if you have the skills of a turner or welder.
First you need to take an inch pipe of the required length. In principle, the drawer can also be made up of several sections of pipes, so that the structure can be increased or decreased as needed. Ideally, the pipe should be stainless, but copper or brass is also quite suitable.
Iron, cast iron or plastic are unacceptable here, since iron tends to rust, and cast iron pipes do not come in this diameter. Plastic releases harmful substances upon contact with alcohol. So, on a stainless, copper or brass pipe, the first thing you need to do is cut threads at both ends. For stainless steel, you will need special pliers of the P18 brand, and cutting will require considerable effort, since it is quite difficult to cut it by hand. For copper and brass, regular pipe clamps are suitable.
After the thread is cut, it is necessary to install the threaded fitting on the lid of the evaporator (distillation cube), securing it with a pair of clamping nuts with silicone washers underneath for tightness. It is better not to use rubber gaskets, since they, unlike silicone ones, are less heat-resistant. If the evaporator cover is made of stainless steel, then the fittings (optional) are welded. Then we connect the fitting to the lower edge of the drawer. If the thread on the drawer is cut from the outside, then the fitting, accordingly, should have internal thread. If, on the contrary, the drawer has an internal thread, then the fitting is selected with an external thread. For homemade design this is completely acceptable. In order for the connection to be tight and reliable, the thread length must be at least 3 cm. It must be taken into account that this thread will hold almost the entire moonshine still, at least its main one top part, especially if a cooler is planned to be connected to the side of the rectification frame. That’s why it’s so important to have a durable and stable basis for this whole structure.
Depending on the type of construction, the steam pipeline of the cooler (coil), the second part of the drawer or the top of the distillation column is connected to the thread at the upper end of the drawer pipe. As already mentioned, the lower 35-centimeter part of the drawer can be easily extended by connecting pipe sections using a conventional pipe coupling.
Further. A little lower, about a couple of centimeters, a small hole (3-4 cm) is drilled, a thread is cut into it, into which a tube 4 cm long is screwed, also with a pre-cut thread. This will be the socket for the temperature sensor probe, which is inserted there along with a silicone seal during the brewing process.
Having dealt with external connections, let's move on to filling the inner part, perhaps the most important element in the design of the drawer. It is this filling that turns metal pipe into the rectification chamber. The drawer body, made of a pipe, is stuffed with special spiral-shaped elements made of stainless steel or copper, which externally resemble small springs with a diameter of 2-3 mm. These springs are called a nozzle or filling. They cannot be prepared with your own hands from improvised means, so the easiest way is to order the filling on the Internet on sites that sell similar equipment. This filling acts not only as a filter, but thanks to it complex physical and chemical processes occur where steam and condensate interact. It is because of these processes that alcohol vapors are divided into fractions of different densities, and purification from foreign impurities occurs. It is also worth considering that when using a drawer, distillation is much slower, by about a third. But the time spent is more than compensated by the high quality of the finished product.
Many moonshine experts advise that the apparatus be insulated. In the drawer, heat exchange between evaporating alcohol and condensate takes place. This main process, allowing you to separate alcohol from impurities. Therefore, heat exchange inside the drawer is very useful. The external heat exchange of the drawer with environment- the process is malicious, because negatively affects the main one, so ideally it should be reduced. For this purpose, it is recommended to insulate the outside of the drawer.
So, let us briefly repeat once again how the drawer for the moonshine still is assembled with your own hands. In general, the scheme is simple. A stainless pipe with a diameter of 1 inch is taken and connected to the evaporator using a threaded fitting. A sieve is placed at the bottom of the pipe. The rest of the internal space of the pipe is filled with filling. A steam tank is installed on top of the drawer. This entire manufactured device can reach a height of one meter or even more. However, in this case, you can use a moonshine still without a steamer. Then the top of the drawer is connected to the coil, from which the finished alcohol will drip.
Drawer for a moonshine still, view from the inside
If a moonshine still with a rectification device is made, then you need to take care of a good filling (packing) of the drawer. In a simple purchased device, it is usually used as an ordinary metal household sponge, cut into pieces. She must precipitate phlegm. It would be better to change such a nozzle (filling) to a spiral-prismatic one. Its material is stainless steel. The nozzle is coils of thin wires of a spiral-prismatic shape that deposit phlegm well. Such a drawer for a moonshine still with a chemically inert substance in it will produce purified alcohol. Ceramic filling is also used. This is also an inert material. By purifying alcohol vapors only with a dry steamer, it is impossible to obtain a product of high quality and strength. It is rectification that will allow this to be done.
About the price and appearance of a simple rectification device
By obtaining rectified alcohol with a strength of 96 degrees at home, you can make different types of alcohol from it. 
liqueurs with tinctures. An alcoholic product of high alcohol concentration will allow you to obtain such a device as a drawer for a moonshine still (with a reflux condenser). Its price ranges from one to several thousand rubles. In appearance it is a tube. Its filler can be either stainless steel or copper. It may even be sold without bulk. The diameter of such a tube is usually from 38 to 50 mm. It can even be filled with glass beads to sediment phlegm. It will work.
About homemade
For self-made For the drawer, a stainless steel tube with an inch in diameter will be useful. You can connect it to the distillation cube through an adapter by cutting a thread. Another sieve is placed in the adapter to hold the filling. We also need a reflux condenser, which is fixed on top of the drawer. You will get a distillation column. Its height can be more than a meter. You can distill the mash into alcohol without a reflux condenser. In this case, the upper end of the drawer is connected to the coil. The output will be raw alcohol.
Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?
September 25, 2018
Specialization: philological education. Work experience as a builder - 20 years. Of these, for the last 15 years he led a team as a foreman. I know everything about construction - from design and zero cycle to interior design. Hobbies: Vocals, psychology, quail breeding.
Greetings, my dear readers.
When making furniture, each element of its body has its own meaning. The drawer, which is little known among ordinary users, also plays an important role. What is this element, what is it for, what types of furniture is it present in, what are its characteristics? Let's figure it all out.
What is a tsarga?
Most of the cabinet furniture parts have fairly simple names. Using these terms, it is possible to quickly understand which particular structural element we are talking about.
Item characteristics
But among the furniture parts there are some whose names mean little to non-specialists. Among them is the king. The term comes from the German word “Zarge”, which translates as “frame”.
The drawer is a horizontal connecting strip. It is placed between the legs of a bed, sofa, chair, table and other pieces of furniture. The bar strengthens the body and gives it sufficient rigidity. This happens due to the additional fixation of the product elements with its ends.
- Furniture equipped with four or more legs (tables, chairs, etc.). In this case, the drawer is a frame made of boards or bars that rigidly connects these supports.
- Beds, sofas, doors. In these designs, the drawers are horizontally oriented cross members. They provide connection between the vertical posts and each other. That is, these are the upper or lower horizontally oriented frame trims.
- Panel furniture. Connecting strips are also used in its manufacture. They perform their traditional function - they impart rigidity to the structure.
However, these elements look a little different. Most often, they are a wide and heavy panel. These details play an aesthetic role, often a central one. In addition, such details cover the fixing and other technical elements of the object.
In which pieces of furniture is it present?
Any rectangular piece of furniture has a connecting element located between the body (or seat, tabletop) and the supports. For tables and chairs, the connecting strip is the most important structural element, mounted along their entire perimeter.
Element manufacturing materials
The drawer can be made from such materials:
- From chipboards, including laminated chipboards (chipboards), veneered, plasticized or painted.
- Made from solid natural wood.
- Made from MDF with or without wood core.
- Made from thick plywood, including plasticized, laminated, veneered or painted.
- Made of metal (steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, etc.).
In the case of upholstered furniture, the drawer is often covered with some kind of dense fabric, leather or its substitute.
Tsarga in various furniture
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Bed
It can have from two to four connecting elements. Their exact number depends on:
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Table
This piece of furniture has a drawer that is a particularly significant connecting element. It connects the tabletop and supporting legs to each other. The drawer in this case consists of four strips mounted around the perimeter of the object. Fixing slats are found only on traditional wooden tables:
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Seats (chair, stool, armchair, etc.)
For this piece of furniture, the connecting belts, like for the table, can be mounted in two places:
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Sofa
This piece of furniture has a drawer mounted from below. It matches the armrests with each other. After installation, the drawer is covered with fabric or leather. In addition to connecting the frame elements to each other, it ensures the strength of the sofa. The height of the sofa drawer can be up to 0.3 m, and its length can reach up to 1.9 m. |
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Closet
This piece of furniture has a connecting strip that gives the rigidity and strength of its body:
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Furniture doors, as well as interior analogues
It’s worth mentioning the doors separately. After all, they can be either part of the furniture (if we are talking about cabinets) or a separate element of the room.
For all types of doors, drawers are necessary to give them additional strength. These elements are two pairs of planks. One of them is oriented horizontally, and the second - vertically.
The materials used for manufacturing are::
- coniferous or deciduous wood varieties;
The internal section connecting the slats to each other can be made of any facing material. Essentially, this part of the door is a decorative insert. The more frames you install, the stronger and stiffer the door frame will be.
To complete the appearance, the door frame and filling can be decorated with:
- laminate;
- natural veneer;
- polyvinyl chloride coating;
- several layers of paint.
Advantages of doors that have drawers in their design:
- Increased strength and reliability of the structure.
- Convenient step-by-step installation and ease of further repairs.
- Missing seams on trim and joints of parts.
- Aesthetic appearance.
- When changing the elements of its frame, the appearance of the door changes. This situation plays into the hands of those who regularly change the design of their home on their own, thereby saving money.
Do-it-yourself assembly
Often, users undertake to make simple pieces of furniture themselves, for example, a stool, table or chair. After all, there are no complex elements in their design, and the work is not very labor-intensive.
Here you need to take into account that all furniture elements must be made correctly:
- To make a simple stool or chair, you need to prepare four connecting slats.
- If you choose a solid type of wood for this, the piece of furniture will last a long time.
- The dimensions of each element depend on the expected size of the stool, table or chair. Based on this, it is extremely important to determine in advance what the length and width of the interior item will be.
- Corner strips for furniture legs must be cut at an angle, based on its specific design features. This should be taken into account when assembling the item. In addition, it is important to consider at what angle its supports will be fixed.
- You should not only do the job correctly, but also wisely choose the material for assembling the furniture, as well as the elements of the lifting mechanism (if provided).
When you select furniture in a showroom or place an order for its assembly, take a closer look at the quality of execution of its individual parts. The reliability, strength, comfort and service life of a household item depend on this.
Conclusion
The drawer drawer is an important element of the bed frame, as well as any other cabinet furniture. It connects the elements of an object with each other. Thanks to this, the structure becomes stronger, more reliable and durable.
If you have any questions, voice them in the comments. Therefore, I say goodbye and success to you in your endeavors.
The furniture frame has various elements, each of which has its own purpose and name. Most structural elements have fairly simple names; you can easily guess by the name which part of the frame we are talking about. Also among these elements there are names that few people know; one of these elements is the drawer. It is not surprising, because most likely this word is borrowed from the German language “Zarge” - frame.
What is a tsarga?
We have already figured out why this element of the furniture frame has such an unusual name, now let’s figure out which element in the furniture design is called the drawer and what its purpose is. To better understand this, we will need photos of the furniture in which we can see the drawer.
Tsarga- this is the upper connecting bar located between the legs of a table, bed, chair or other furniture. Its purpose is to strengthen the frame by additionally fastening furniture parts with their ends.
Not all tables have a drawer in their design, this is due to the fact that the design features of some tables do not imply the presence of four legs, which means there is nothing to fasten. The presence of four legs also does not guarantee the presence of a fastening bar between them, but still, if we consider the classic wooden table, then she is present there. Let's look at the photo above where it is and what it looks like. The drawer is located directly under the tabletop, between its legs; if there is an additional strip at the bottom of the legs, it is called a proleg.
The bed can have four, three or two connecting bars. The number of connecting parts will depend on the presence of one (headboard), two backs or their complete absence. Unlike a table, the side of a bed and other upholstered furniture can be hidden under the upholstery. Sometimes, in order to assemble a new bed, it is enough to simply secure the drawers between the headboard and the headboard.
The bar is located directly under the seat and is fixed between two armrests; if the sofa is corner, then the element is attached to another part of the furniture. A straight sofa has one drawer, almost always upholstered in fabric. Sofas and armchairs have the highest drawers, unlike other furniture. Deformation of the drawer is the reason why the sofa sags; in such situations, it is necessary to replace the strip with a new one.
Drawer of chairs
The photo shows a chair whose legs are secured with slats in two places. Among these reinforcing elements, only the upper strips that form the frame under the seat are called drawers. The elements located below, between the legs of the chair, are called legs.
At the time of writing, even Wikipedia did not give a precise answer to the question “What is a furniture drawer?” After reading this article you should easily understand what this is structural element and easily identify it in cabinet and upholstered furniture.
For the kitchen table, you can use a countertop made of artificial or natural stone. Before starting work, it is better to immediately make or buy the tabletop itself. The dimensions of the tabletop may be different, so if necessary, you need to recalculate the length of the drawers.
All other parameters, thickness and width of parts can be left. The only thing you should adhere to is the height of the table. For kitchen 750-760 mm. , for a large dining room 760-780 mm. , the last digit is the maximum.
I made a base for a ready-made, custom-made tabletop measuring 850/600 mm. , 40 mm thick. . A piece of laminate is installed on the bottom of the tabletop, in a recess, so attaching the tabletop to the tabletop on furniture corners does not present any difficulties.
The total height of the table is 750 mm. , height of legs 710 mm. . The width of the underframe along the facade is 750 mm. , along the side 500 mm. . Overhangs of the table cover are 50 mm. from all sides. Along the front of the table there is a drawer mounted on telescopic or roller guides. I used birch as the material; of course, you can use other types of wood, such as pine.
The table legs are made of bars with a cross section of 50/50 mm. , along the two inner edges of the legs, they are tapered so that the lower end has a cross-section of 30/30 mm. . Assembly of legs with classic-looking drawers, on spikes.
Drawers for the table.
Two side drawers, length 400 mm.
width 120 mm.
thickness 25 mm.
Rear drawer length 650 mm.
width 120 mm.
thickness 25 mm.
On the front side, the drawer is not solid, but consists of two parts.
The front drawer bars are 650 mm long.
width 38 mm.
thickness 20 mm.
The dimensions of the drawers are given without taking into account the length of the tenons, all tenons are 30-35 mm long. .
From the front part, the bars are installed so as to create an opening for installing a box 650 mm wide. and height 80 mm. .
We make the drawer for the table 70 mm high. , width 625 mm. , depth 450 mm. . As for the width of the drawer, it is better to first measure the thickness of the guides. The width of the drawer should be less than the width of the opening by two thicknesses of the guides plus 1 mm. for free movement.
We must try to make the width exactly right, down to a millimeter, otherwise it will take a long time to adjust the box. Or unwind and reduce the length of the front and back walls of the drawer if the drawer is too wide. Or put something under the guides if the box turns out to be small. In the end, everything can be adjusted, but as they say, this is extra hemorrhoids.
Facade strip, box lid size 397/120 mm. , thickness 15-16 mm. , or you can make it thinner so that the box does not protrude beyond the legs.
This drawer is mounted on telescopic guides. Of course, you can also use roller ones, they are cheaper and easier to adjust. But not everyone likes this roar when moving out, especially at night. There are two and three-link telescopic guides. It is better to choose three-link ones; with two-link ones, the drawer does not open completely, and, oddly enough, it is more difficult to install them.
In order not to rack your brains too much, make markings for the guides in the middle of the opening, and accordingly in the middle of the side walls of the drawer. Divide the width of the drawer in two and draw a pencil line parallel to the edge. Divide the guide into inner and outer parts. Attach the inner part to the side of the drawer so that the line in the holes for the screws is in the center, mark with a pencil or immediately an awl the points for screwing in the screws.
Also mark the outer part of the guide in the middle, from the inside of the side drawers. Just first you need to make the platform flush with the legs. I installed two 40 mm wide planks from the inside. , 12 mm thick. , length 400 mm. . They can be glued, or simply screwed with small self-tapping screws. When installing external parts of the guides, they should not protrude beyond the line of the facade, but it is better to recess them inward by 2-3 mm. .
It is better to adjust the drawer after you have installed and secured the tabletop. The tabletop is attached to 6-8 corners with self-tapping screws. Next, you need to place the table on some kind of flat surface, and, if necessary, adjust the height of the legs. After the table is fully adjusted, it must be disassembled and disconnected
tabletop, remove the guides and drawer handle.
The last stage is final sanding and painting. There are quite a lot of options here, this table is first tinted and then covered with clear varnish. I don’t have a photo of the finished kitchen, but take my word for it, the color of the underframe and countertop matches
overall kitchen design.
Alcohol mashine allows you to condense the steam of the working fluid (mash) and obtain a product that is not devoid of not only pleasant properties, but also, unfortunately, many harmful impurities from which the distillate must be cleaned. How, which will produce only high-quality drink for you?
To make a high-quality rectified spirit, you will need to buy additional ones. The higher the drawer, the lower the rectification rate, but the higher the separation ability, and, accordingly, the higher the quality of the rectified alcohol.
Drawers with lengths of 15, 35 and 45 cm provide a conventional degree of cleaning of 20, 50 and 60 times, respectively.
When using several drawers at the same time, the degree of purification is equal to the sum of the multiples of drawers used.
Drawers with lengths of 15 and 35 cm will allow you to obtain distillate high degree cleaning, - high-quality moonshine.
Drawers with a length of 35 and 45 cm allow you to obtain rectified alcohol - pure ethyl alcohol with a volume fraction of 96%.
The drawer serves as a distillation column module, that is, it upgrades your moonshine still to the level of a distillation column.
How to buy a good drawer, a drawer that will optimally separate the product from the phlegm? How not to be disappointed by its quality?
The most important and an important element of the distillation column is the packing, or filling. The attachment of most of our drawers is a filling of spiral-prismatic elements. They are made of stainless steel. Spiral-prismatic filling is perhaps the most common “cleaning” material in modern moonshine.
What should the drawer attachment be?
The quality of the filling affects the quality of the resulting moonshine. Buy a primitive moonshine still, and you will find that when using a contact dephlegmator, the role of the nozzle is usually played by chopped Chinese steel wool, which housewives use in the kitchen to clean particularly dirty dishes. The ability of such a sponge to precipitate phlegm during the distillation of alcohol is very doubtful. And who can vouch for the chemical inertness of this “miracle device” at the evaporation temperature of alcohol?
Why choose a spiral-prismatic nozzle?
The spiral-prismatic packing is designed to minimize the reflux ratio, that is, an indicator of the moisture level on the surface of the contact body in the distillation column. The more moisture in the column, the less opportunity to obtain a high-quality product in one distillation.
The most important function of the nozzle in the drawer is to prevent yours from “choking.” So-called " throughput» column depends mainly on the qualities of the liquid you are distilling. However, other things being equal (height and diameter of the column, the amount of reflux formed in the column, temperature conditions etc.) the “correct” nozzle will more likely clear your product of phlegm, which means it will allow the entire apparatus to work at full capacity without reducing productivity.
Preparation of moonshine and alcohol for personal use
absolutely legal!
After the collapse of the USSR, the new government stopped the fight against moonshine. Criminal liability and fines were abolished, and the article banning the production of alcohol-containing products at home was removed from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. To this day, there is not a single law that prohibits you and me from engaging in our favorite hobby - preparing alcohol at home. This is evidenced by the Federal Law of July 8, 1999 No. 143-FZ “On Administrative Responsibility legal entities(organizations) and individual entrepreneurs for offenses in the field of production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products" (Collected Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 28, art. 3476).
Excerpt from Federal Law RF:
“The effect of this Federal Law does not apply to the activities of citizens (individuals) producing products containing ethyl alcohol for purposes other than sale.”
Moonshining in other countries:
In Kazakhstan in accordance with the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offenses dated January 30, 2001 N 155, the following liability is provided. Thus, according to Article 335 “Manufacture and sale alcoholic drinks home-made” illegal production of moonshine, chacha, mulberry vodka, mash and other alcoholic beverages for the purpose of sale, as well as the sale of these alcoholic beverages, entails a fine in the amount of thirty monthly calculation indices with confiscation of alcoholic beverages, apparatus, raw materials and equipment for their production, and also money and other valuables received from their sale. However, the law does not prohibit the preparation of alcohol for personal use.
In Ukraine and Belarus things are different. Articles No. 176 and No. 177 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses provide for the imposition of fines in the amount of three to ten tax-free minimum wages for the production and storage of moonshine without the purpose of sale, for the storage of devices* for its production without the purpose of sale.
Article 12.43 repeats this information almost word for word. “Production or acquisition of strong alcoholic beverages (moonshine), semi-finished products for their production (mash), storage of apparatus for their production” in the Code of the Republic of Belarus on Administrative Offenses. Point No. 1 states: “Manufacturing individuals strong alcoholic drinks (moonshine), semi-finished products for their production (mash), as well as storage of devices* used for their production - entail a warning or a fine of up to five basic units with confiscation of these drinks, semi-finished products and devices.”
*Purchase moonshine stills It is still possible for home use, since their second purpose is to distill water and obtain components for natural cosmetics and perfumes.
In furniture production, each part has its own name. Most often, the names are “speaking” and intuitively understandable to anyone. But there are exceptions, for example the king. A simple element with a complex name: what is it and what is it needed for?
What are bedside drawers?
The bed frame (from German Zarge - frame) is a structural element that connects the frame into a single system, strengthens it and gives rigidity. In the framing of the frame, as a rule, there are two or three such elements, rarely four, depending on the presence or absence of a footboard and the characteristics of the headboard. In essence, they form a frame that serves to support/attach lamellas and other bases on which the mattress is laid.
Bed drawers can be made from different materials: Chipboard, wood, metal, and also have different sizes (height, thickness). The main requirement for the material is strength, since this is the basis of the entire product, the reliability of which directly determines the service life of the furniture. This part can be upholstered various fabrics and decorate according to your own taste, without compromising functionality.
Photo: Bed drawers What functions do the kings perform?
Despite its simplicity, this part of the design is fundamental and performs many functions:
- ensures the reliability of the fastening connection, strengthens the frame;
- responsible for the stability of the product;
- serves as a support for the mattress.
It can be either classic straight or rounded (see photo below).
The furniture drawer brings the entire structure together, so it must be made with high quality. Otherwise, the bed will wobble and squeak, causing you discomfort. For your own comfort, carefully approach the issue of choosing drawers, both when purchasing ready-made furniture and when installing it yourself.