In almost all modern cottage villages, a central water supply system is included in the communications package, but there are villages in which central water supply not provided. The cost of plots here is lower, but the owner will have to decide where and how to get water.

How, in this case, can one estimate the upcoming amount of costs before purchasing a plot? What difficulties might the owner of a site encounter in such a situation? For what amount monthly expenses for water supply?

For central water supply Cottage villages almost always use artesian wells. One or more of these wells with a water treatment system provide residents with a continuous supply of drinking water in large quantities.

One of the most accessible and, accordingly, most common types individual water supply is the so-called “sand” well. This is a well 6–30 meters deep to a layer of sand or pebble capable of producing water. The resource of such a well greatly depends on the design and quality of the filter that is installed in the aquifer.

Let's compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

Type of water supply	Individual well	Central water supply
Well type		Artesian well
Well depth	From 6 to 30 meters	From 100 meters
Water quality	For technical needs (irrigation, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water treatment.	Drinkable; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets.
Drilling cost	From 1,500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, cost of pump, well construction, cost of filters	Included in the cost of communications when purchasing a plot in a cottage village
Fire safety	The water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish the fire.	There is a system of fire hydrants throughout the village
Filtration equipment	Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary.	Based on the water analysis, a water treatment station is selected; maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the village management company.
Life time	From 1 year to 5 years	About 50 years
Well maintainability	Not regular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation.	The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work.
Sanitary protection zone	Small size The site does not allow for the provision of the necessary sanitary zone around the well; contamination may enter from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits.	A zone of sanitary protection from pollution must be provided around the artesian well.

Development Director of the VodaSet company Anatoly Zakharov clarifies:

"The optimal water supply option country house in the village without central water supply There will be drilling of an individual well “on sand” at the site. Then you need to install filters deep cleaning water, since the upper aquifers are subject to contamination by wastewater and surface water.

In the villages with central water supply purified water is poured into the house from central system, and for irrigation and other technical needs they drill a shallow well on the site.

The cost of installing your own well includes:

• The average cost of drilling is from 1500 rubles/meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles/meter for stone;
• Pump from 2 thousand rubles; good pump- from 6 thousand rubles;
• Construction of a well and bringing water to the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
• Water treatment system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.

Cheap equipment (pump + well construction) breaks down very quickly, it is more suitable for a summer cottage and weekends, and if you plan to use a well all year round, then the equipment must be professional.”

Well or central water supply

CHARACTERISTICS	CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY	WELL	SUMMER WATER PIPES
Connection	For a long time	A few days	For a long time
Usage	All year round	All year round	Summer
Water quality	Normal	High	Normal
Minuses	For a long time Expensive Difficult	Expensive	For a long time Unstable Problematic
pros	Stability	Independence Quality	Sometimes there is water

Should I choose a central water supply or a well on the site? What are their pros and cons, pros and cons in practice? Below we will analyze in detail these water supply systems for a private house, and also talk about the summer central water supply. Who knows, maybe this is what you are looking for.

Well or central water supply: pros and cons

Central water supply

A full-fledged central water supply is available only in fairly large villages. Therefore, if you live in a small village or a new cottage community, then feel free to skip this part and go on.

Using water from the central water supply is the most familiar and understandable option for a city dweller, and also, it seems to everyone that it is very simple. This may be true, but it will take you a long time to connect to it. paperwork with plans of your site, documents for this site, with project documentation, with obtaining permission for excavation work. Next, you need to find an organization for laying pipes (licensed), tapping into the water supply and installing meters. After that, you only need to put everything into operation and pay the bills monthly.
If the pipe runs behind the road from your site, then you will have to pay for a puncture under the road.
All this is common practice, but in the end the price of a turnkey central water supply can be no less than a well. Plus it's wasted time.
In our practice, we have repeatedly met people who drilled a well in villages where there is a central water supply.

• The advantage of the central water supply is the quality of the water; the water utility regularly monitors it and it is always within normal limits.

• The downside is the condition of the water supply networks; by the time the water reaches your tap, its quality may change.
• These networks are not available everywhere.
• This also includes long time costs.
• High price.

Central water supply is not available everywhere.
Long connection.

Summer water supply

As a rule, in holiday villages and SNT, if there is a central water supply, it is only a summer surface one. This structure made of metal pipes is intended for use in the warm season and the water is drained from it in the winter. The problem is that it is impossible to completely drain the water from a summer horizontal water supply system, which means that in winter the remaining water freezes, and the pipes break in the spring. you are left without water supply.
Next comes the repair work, which usually drags on until the beginning of summer, all this time you are sitting without water.
Also, during operation, the pump may burn out or something else may happen; accordingly, SNT periodically holds campaigns to raise funds for maintenance, repairs, and replacement of the pump. Owners summer cottages understand well what is at stake.
In addition, if you want to come to your dacha in winter, you will not have water.

Since gardening partnerships are now legal entities, they need a license for the well, and in order to legalize the existing well, they need to collect some more money from the residents.
In addition, in the summer, water consumption increases significantly, watering of areas begins and you may not have enough water.

• Constant problems.
• Summer use only.
• Constant expenses for repairs.

Summer country water supply is not suitable for year-round use.

Well on site

One of the most popular solutions for building a water supply system for a country house. The price of an artesian well initially scares people away from central water supply, wells and other alternative solutions, but if everything is calculated on a turn-key basis, the cost will turn out to be plus or minus equal.
As practice has shown, drilling a well in a dacha is the easiest option to solve a water supply problem. It is drilled within a few days, it is settled, water is brought into the house, and this issue is closed. A one-time payment solves the water problem.

• Fast.
• There is always water.
• There is an unlimited amount of water in the well.
• Water quality.

The well provides fast independent water supply.

What is better: a well or a central water supply?

Taking into account the above, we can highlight the main pros and cons of a well or a central water supply, which will allow us to determine which is better.
Summer water supply makes it possible to live at the dacha in the summer, but the rest of the time it will not be comfortable.
Central water supply is familiar and stable, but connecting it takes too much time, nerves and requires significant financial expenditure.
Water supply from a well costs about the same, but is done faster and provides complete independence. In addition, you can use the well just like a regular tap.

If you are lucky and you own a plot of land near which there is a water supply, then you have a choice: provide yourself with water from a personal well or through a central water supply system. Each option has both its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the final decision is made taking into account their needs, the geochemical composition of the soil, the cost of land work and economic feasibility project.

Water supply through a well

All water wells are usually divided into filter and artesian wells. The first type includes shallow wells with a depth of up to 30 m, and the second type includes deep wells, reaching aquifers at a level of 250 m. Depending on the depth, filter wells are also divided into: small, medium and deep. The deeper the drill goes, the cleaner the water. Therefore, moisture can be taken from small wells only for watering the area.

Artesian wells require the use of special equipment. Their drilling costs much more than filter ones, but the water quality is noticeably higher. Thus, choosing one or another type of well allows you to optimize water supply costs, taking into account your requirements for water quality.

Advantages:

1. The water supply does not stop during repair work on the central water supply.
2. The site is provided with water of optimal quality.
3. You don't need a project to complete the work.

Flaws:

1. Water from artesian wells is considered national wealth, so its use is taxed.
2. High cost of drilling deep wells.
3. If other wells appear in the neighborhood, the water level in the well may drop.
4. Additional costs for pump and electricity.
5. Water mineralization.

Central water supply

This method of solving the problem, except financial costs requires obtaining permits, as well as completing water and sewer projects. Mineral composition pipeline water leaves much to be desired, so connection to a central water supply is chosen in cases where drilling wells is impossible or economically infeasible.

Advantages:

1. Low system maintenance costs.
2. The cost of the work is lower than when drilling a well.
3. The ability to provide water supply where drilling is problematic.

Flaws:

1. Poor water quality.
2. The water supply is entirely dependent on the condition of the central water supply and is interrupted during repair work.
3. A high tariff can make water consumption unprofitable.

Let's sum it up

Before you make a final decision, set your priorities. If you have high demands on water quality, and your budget allows you to equip your own personal water source, then it is best to drill an artesian well. Central water supply is suitable for those who want to save themselves from the unnecessary hassle associated with equipment maintenance.

In places with well-developed infrastructure, as a rule, there is a central water supply to which you can connect. But at the same time, concerns often arise about the quality of the water that such a water supply provides. AND this question justified, since the existing water supply systems are generally quite old, with high degree wear and tear, and therefore the water quality inevitably suffers and frequent water supply shutdowns are likely due to repair work. But, nevertheless, the central water supply significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of water supply to the site.

An alternative to central water supply is an autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite a serious initial financial investment, it is preferred by the majority of owners of private houses or cottages.

A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.

Features of central water supply

Central water supply guarantees maximum convenience and no need to independently organize water supply for the site and home. One of the most serious obstacles to organizing a central water supply is the initial lack of it at the location of the site. If the infrastructure of the place is well developed, then to connect to the central water supply you need to obtain the necessary permits and call specialists who will make a connection to the central water supply.

At the same time, central water supply has a number of quite significant disadvantages:

• using a central water supply requires paying a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
• when connecting to a central water supply, you need to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular maintenance;
• Only recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use of modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, the wear and tear of the equipment is quite high, which leads to frequent breakdowns and water supply outages;
• for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is quite low and often requires the use of an additional filtration system for possible use as drinking water.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to a private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:

• when connecting to a new high-quality central water supply, practically no problems arise, except for the organization of the sewerage system, but it is possible that this can also be solved by connecting to a centralized wastewater discharge and treatment system;
• if the house is used exclusively in the warm season, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply system in order to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
• if the water supply is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, then there may be insufficient water pressure, which may cause malfunctions household appliances(dishwasher and washing machine and water heaters) - in this case, you will have to install a special pump to create more water pressure;
• Old water supply systems are characterized by low water quality, therefore, for the normal operation of household appliances, as well as the possibility of drinking water for food, water purification filters are installed in the water supply system.

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:

• Initially, you need to obtain a special site plan, which indicates all existing underground communications;
• at the local water utility office, after providing the title documents, you need to obtain technical specifications connections to the central water supply;
• a licensed organization develops design and estimate documentation;
• after registering the documentation with the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available in the specified area;
• After this, a licensed organization can carry out work to connect a central water supply to the site.

The last step is to register the devices with the water utility and conclude an agreement for the supply of water.

Worth paying Special attention the fact that carrying out many stages requires contacting specialized licensed organizations, a list of which can be obtained from the water utility department, as well as numerous approvals.

Independent work on diverting the water supply to the site is unacceptable.

Autonomous water supply

Despite the significant convenience that a central water supply provides, even in places where there is a central water supply, an autonomous water supply is often chosen to supply a site or private house with water.

An autonomous water supply system assumes complete independence from the centralized water supply and the ability to independently control and regulate the quality of water in the water supply system. The main disadvantages of the system include the need for significant financial investments in organizing such water supply. Although the monetary costs are one-time and can be shared, for example, with the owner of a neighboring plot who also wants to organize an autonomous water supply.

One of the key stages in organizing an autonomous water supply system is drilling a well or a well and equipping it.

Since an autonomous water supply system may differ depending on the specific conditions and preferences of the owner of the site, it is initially worth consulting with specialists which option will be optimal:

1. Most economical option organization of autonomous water supply - wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But you should choose them only if the need for water is relatively small, the water is shallow and there are favorable conditions, and you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well may be of very dubious quality.
2. The ancient, but little applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more effective method water supply - drilling a water well.
3. Filter wells can be drilled up to thirty-five meters, which take about two days to drill, but they are subject to siltation quite quickly.
4. The most optimal way of autonomous water supply is to drill an artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters, depending on individual conditions; drilling them takes about five days, but they are more durable, their minimum service life is fifty years.

Water from the well, due to changes in the environmental situation and numerous communications, is this moment often ceased to meet safety requirements, so many forgot about the well and began to use the most in modern ways organization of autonomous water supply for a site or private house.

A filter well as an alternative to a central water supply is relatively inexpensive, but also not durable. One of the features is the rather rapid siltation of the well. These wells are usually drilled to a depth of two to ten meters, in the case of shallow groundwater and the presence of sand. But, as a rule, at such a depth there is rarely potable water quality, therefore the main purpose of filter wells is technical. In the final version, the filter well is constructed from casing pipe, with a mesh filter at the end. The peculiarity of a filter well is that its lifespan directly depends on the frequency of use: the more often the well is used, the longer its service life. The productivity of such a well is approximately a cubic meter of water per hour.

Not wanting to use a central water supply to organize water supply on a site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.

An artesian well is drilled to a depth of up to two hundred meters, depending on individual characteristics location of underground groundwater. Water from such a well can be used for any economic needs and used as drinking water. Unlike a filter well, an artesian well has a significantly higher productivity; it can reach one hundred cubic meters per hour.

Such wells are not subject to silting, and their service life is at least fifty years. To organize an artesian well, special metal pipes are used large diameter, the wall thickness of which must be at least five millimeters.

Autonomous water supply system on site or in a private house

To organize an autonomous water supply on the site, you can resort to the services of professionals who will arrange the necessary permitting documentation, will carry out the necessary survey work and carry out direct installation of the structure. In this case, the optimal time for drilling a well will be winter. Since drilling a well involves the use of specialized equipment, then winter time this will be less traumatic for green spaces and especially for the owner’s beds. Among other things, winter is not the season for companies involved in drilling and developing wells, and therefore it is possible to carry out work with significant savings in terms of money.

To organize a water supply, you must first decide on the location for drilling the well itself. The site for organizing the chamber, in which the automation and the well head are located, occupies at least four square meters, but it is optimal to locate it as close as possible to the house in order to save:

• you can choose a cheaper pump option, since a short length of pipes does not require the same pressure as when increasing it, because in the latter case the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
• materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc.;
• the cost of digging a trench is reduced.

If the need for water is seasonal, then the well can be equipped with a cap, which is designed to seal the well, protect it from melt and rainwater, mechanical impurities, and facilitate the process of attaching the pump.

If the need for water is not limited to any period and is not seasonal, then a well with a caisson is drilled. With this drilling option, the well head is below the soil freezing level, otherwise damage to expensive equipment cannot be avoided during winter cold. The caisson helps to protect the well head from the penetration of groundwater and possible drainage of the sewer located nearby.

There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:

• during the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply in the future, in which case an increase in the length of pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
• To prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, it is necessary to carefully ground and lightning protection.

Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible water shortages and save money by storing it at night.

moyaskvazhina.ru

Well and borehole: differences in structure and varieties

Individual water supply systems are more difficult to install because they require a direct source of water.

This can be solved in two ways:

• using a well (usual depth 10-15 m);
• using a well (depth of 10-15 m or more).

Wells

The well has been used for many centuries as a source of water, which is located in the permanent aquifer closest to the surface. Its shape is round and its diameter is from 0.5 meters. Rectangular wells are rare. The well passes through the water layer and is buried in a solid layer, which is 0.5-2 m below it. To raise the water, hand-held devices or electric pumps. Water gradually flows down from various horizons and accumulates in the well and is stored there in certain quantities. If you pump out all the water from a well, new water will arrive only after a certain time.

Wells

Wells can be sandy or artesian. A sand well can have a diameter of 3.6 - 5 cm or more. It is shallower than artesian and its filter is installed in a sandy aquifer. At the same time, the depth of the well can reach 20-50 meters. The diameter of an artesian well is from 12 cm, and the depth is 50-100 meters or more. When using a well, the pump constantly draws water from the wellbore, and new water, passing through the filter, under pressure, continuously, again enters the wellbore. The system works in such a way that the intake of water always compensates for the influx of new water. Therefore, water from a well never runs out, compared to a well.

Now that you know the fundamental differences between a well and a well, we will compare these two sources of water supply to understand in which case one or another source will be better.

Choosing a location for a water source

The well must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from sources of dirt (manure heaps, toilets, cesspools, bathhouses). If a well is installed, the distance can be reduced to 15 meters. It is not recommended to build a well on the slope of a ravine or on the bank of a river, since in this case the main source will be dirty groundwater.

Whatever water extraction system is chosen, it is necessary to ensure the passage and placement of the contractor's equipment and machines, as well as the availability of space for materials on the site. In the case of wells, additional territory is required for disposal of the excavated soil. If a house has not yet been built on the site, you can cut a well directly in the building area. This will significantly reduce the cost of pipelines and caissons, but can become a problem when carrying out well repairs.

Choosing a location for a well can cause more difficulties than choosing a location for a well. When constructing a well, it will be used big square than when drilling a well. Especially when you consider the fact that drilling can be carried out with mobile drilling rigs that do not require a large area to operate.

Water quality

The result of technogenic pollution was the ingress of untreated groundwater into sources at relatively shallow depths. A feature of deeper aquifers is the additional protection of water by clay layers. It is true that in this case, the water content may contain impurities of iron and salt.

Wells, as water intake structures, are designed to collect water from the upper aquifer. And the wells are designed to draw water from underlying horizons, which ensures best quality and more water. The purity of water depends on the aquifer in which the well is dug or a well is drilled. In terms of water quality, it is difficult to say whether a well or a well is better, because there is no absolutely clean water in both wells and boreholes.

Thus, when comparing the quality of water in a well or well, the following can be noted:

1. The quality of water in wells has recently decreased significantly, which is due to an increase in the amount of industrial and domestic waste;

2. In wells, due to greater depth, the water quality is better, but it may contain iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide.

Amount of water

If we consider the productivity of wells and boreholes, we can determine the following. Good performance The flow rate of wells is from 3 to 5 m³ per day. That is, in 24 hours from a well you can pump out from 3000 to 5000 liters. But, in many cases, the maximum amount of fresh water in the wells can be from 1 to 2 m³ per day. In such cases, people are faced with a lack of water, they have to save money, resort to using hydraulic accumulators, rainwater collection tanks, and drip irrigation systems.

The wells are characterized by a more stable flow rate, the indicators of which are:

• from 1 to 3 m³/hour at a depth of up to 50 m;
• from 5 to 6 m³/hour at a depth of 50 to 100 meters.

This means that a well can produce the same amount of water in an hour as a well in a day. However, it should be remembered that high costs require more powerful sewage systems.

For an approximate quantity calculation required water at a specific facility, all consumable data should be added up. According to SNiP, the amount of water consumed by a person per day is 200 liters. Therefore, the indicated number must be multiplied by the number of residents with a small reserve for guests or in case of small children.

Water consumption standards:

To water one cubic meter of soil on a lawn or in a garden you will need from 3 to 6 liters per day. This difference is determined by soil moisture, climatic conditions and the moisture needs of individual plants. Technical expenses should also include car washing and other household needs. Huge volumes of water are required when having a swimming pool. Thus, taking into account household and household needs, the total water consumption per day for a family of four can be from 2 to 4 m3 or even more.

If large water consumption is planned, then the well will clearly not be enough for a full water supply, due to its low flow rate. A well is perfect as an emergency backup or for low water consumption. Thus, determining whether a well or a borehole is better summer cottage or for home, you should rely on the above factors.

The complexity of the arrangement work

The main difference between a well and a well is the way they are constructed. The well is drilled using specialized equipment. On this moment There are both large-sized and mobile drilling rigs. Therefore, if you do not have room to maneuver, this will not prevent you from drilling a well. Many well drilling operations are mechanized.

To service the well, a technological pit is installed above its shaft. It can be built of brick or monolithic concrete, has a roof and a hatch. Often the pump itself is installed in the pit.

The well is dug by hand. To do this, special workers are hired to dig a hole approximately two to three meters deep, after which two or three rings are lowered into it. After this, the earth is dug under them, as a result of which they sink deeper. This happens until the workers reach the required depth.

In terms of the speed of work carried out, the well occupies the leading position. In one day, workers can dig a maximum of three rings in a well. If the soil is dense enough, their number can be reduced to two or even one. That is, a 10-meter well will be dug for at least 5 days. A 10-meter well can be drilled in two hours.

Autonomy of water supply

The operation of the well and borehole is characterized by autonomy. Water from a well can be extracted manually (using a bucket and a special mechanism) or automatically (by installing a pump in the well and running communication pipes to the house).

In the case of a well, for manual water extraction, it is necessary to purchase a special mechanical installation. But as a rule, at present, wells are equipped only with electric pumps.

In the event of a power outage, it will not be possible to draw water from a well, but it can be collected from a well at any time.

Source durability

The duration of the presence of water in a well or borehole depends on the aquifer from which the water is taken. The durability of sources is unforeseen. It is quite possible that a well will be dug in a neighboring area, hitting the same aquifer, reducing the amount of water in your well or well. Thus, based on this criterion, it is difficult to determine whether a well or a borehole is better for a home.

According to statistics, cases of wells drying up are more common than cases of wells running out of water. The latter are isolated. Most quickly, a well stops functioning as a result of silting or wear of its filter. Wells require maintenance much more often than boreholes.

Cost of arrangement

The price for installing a well and a well is not the same. Digging a well is the least expensive option. The cost of work is determined by the depth of the mine, which can range from 3 to 40 meters. Price includes labor, delivery and installation reinforced concrete rings. Additional costs will be spent on communications - pump, pipes, etc.

The price for developing a well is determined by the geographical location of the site, terms of reference by water supply and well pipe diameter.

If the depth of the aquifer is shallow (10 - 15 meters), then drilling a sand well of small diameter can be cheaper than a well. But most often, drilling a well is a more expensive option.

Laying communications

To arrange automatic system supplying water to the house, a water main and a pump should be installed. This process almost identical for a well and a borehole. The water main consists of an electrical wire, pipe or corrugation, insulation, pipeline and heating cable. In the case of a well, the length of the main line can be several times greater.

The well pump is the central unit of water supply in country house. By rationally choosing a pump for a well, you will ensure its long-term service and comfortable operation. Submersible or surface pumps. For the right choice type of pump, you need to know about the water level in the well and its seasonal changes.

• operational reliability, quality and wear resistance;
• high engine efficiency and energy efficiency;
• the presence of various protective systems;
• the presence of smooth descents;
• small equipment parameters.

In some cases, installing a well pump and supplying communications is a more complex task that is best entrusted to a specialist. Installing a pump in a well simple task, even an amateur master can do it.

In which case is it better to equip a well, and in which case a well?

A well should be built only if there are no aquifers on your site for the construction of a well or they are in very hard to reach places. The purchase of land in an undeveloped area should be treated especially carefully and responsibly. There are sad cases when people bought a plot in an area where clean water was at a depth of 100-150 m or was not found at all. If you purchase such a plot, you should ask the seller for a geological survey report, or get advice from drilling organizations that have information about the characteristics of the soil. If there are residential plots in the neighborhood, then the most reliable information can be obtained from their owners.

Ask them:

• about the source of water;
• about the amount of water that is used every day and the purposes for its use;
• about organizations that provided neighbors with a well or borehole;
• whether the owners of neighboring plots submitted water for analysis;
• Are they satisfied with the chosen water supply system?

Thus, installing a well will be justified only when extracting water from the depths is impossible due to the characteristics of the land of a particular region. A well is capable of collecting water from various horizons to which its pipes are lowered and storing it in certain quantities. This water will be of poor quality, but it will be there. Then you can clean it using various cleaning installations.

If your neighbors use wells in your region, then you should focus on this type of water supply. Drilling a well is a more justified and reliable option for a water supply system.

Besides autonomous systems There is also a centralized water supply system, which is connected with the help of utility companies after relatively small earthworks, approval of the possibility of providing the site and house with the required water pressure and connecting to the nearest source on the street. It should be remembered that connecting to a centralized water supply is only possible if there is a sewerage system and permission from the water utility. If it is possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, then it is best to choose this method. Most often this will be the best solution, even compared to a well.

srbu.ru

Let's compare the differences between a well and a central water supply:

Type of water supply	Individual well	Central water supply
Well type	Well "on sand"	Artesian well
Well depth	From 6 to 30 meters	From 100 meters
Water quality	For technical needs (irrigation, etc.), it is suitable for drinking only after multi-level water treatment.	Drinkable; for use in washing machines, dishwashers, does not harm faucets.
Drilling cost	From 1,500 rubles per meter of sand drilling, cost of pump, well construction, cost of filters	Included in the cost of communications when purchasing a plot in a cottage village
Fire safety	The water pressure from one shallow well is not enough to extinguish the fire.	There is a system of fire hydrants throughout the village
Filtration equipment	Periodic replacement of filters and pumps is necessary, if necessary.	Based on the water analysis, a water treatment station is selected; maintenance of the water treatment station and filters is included in the water tariff or is included in the cost of services of the village management company.
Life time	From 1 year to 5 years	About 50 years
Well maintainability	Not regular use leads to silting of the well, so it is necessary to periodically clean the installation.	The occurrence of water in limestone rocks, which are essentially a natural filter, avoids silting and repair work.
Sanitary protection zone	The small size of the site does not allow for the necessary sanitary zone around the well; contaminants may enter from groundwater and neighboring sewage pits.	A zone of sanitary protection from pollution must be provided around the artesian well.

Development Director of the VodaSet company Anatoly Zakharov clarifies:

“The optimal option for supplying water to a country house in a village without a central water supply would be to drill an individual well “into the sand” on the site. Then it is necessary to install deep water filters, since the upper aquifers are subject to contamination by wastewater and surface water.

In villages with a central water supply, purified water from the central system is supplied to the house, and a shallow well is drilled on the site for irrigation and other technical needs.

The cost of installing your own well includes:

• The average cost of drilling is from 1500 rubles/meter (for sand) and 2500 rubles/meter for stone;
• Pump from 2 thousand rubles; good pump - from 6 thousand rubles;
• Construction of a well and bringing water to the house - from 10 thousand to 100 thousand rubles
• Water treatment system from 10 to 80 thousand rubles.

Cheap equipment (pump + well construction) breaks down very quickly, it is more suitable for a summer residence and weekends, and if you plan to use the well all year round, then the equipment must be professional.”

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Sources: what are they?

The first step is to determine at what level the usable water is located. There are 3 main types of underground sources.

1. Verkhodka is the layer closest to the surface of the earth, located at a depth of no more than 4 meters. Filling occurs as precipitation falls; it is especially rich during the period of snow melting and river floods. The obvious disadvantage of this layer is its contamination - the thickness of the soil is not sufficient to purify the water, so it is not suitable for drinking, but it is quite suitable for irrigation. Therefore, a well in a country house can be of small depth, this is enough for economic use.
2. Groundwater is the middle layer, located at a depth below 10 meters. Due to the thick layer of soil, sediments and river water undergo a sufficient degree of purification. This water can be used for food and household purposes.
3. The artesian spring is located between layers of impenetrable rocks below 40 meters and is under pressure. When drilling wells, water rises above the level of the layers containing it; it is the cleanest and most suitable for use.

Depending on the availability of one or another source on the site, as well as based on the needs, they choose which is better - a well or a borehole.

Mine well

Most old way extraction of water for the farm. This is an ordinary classic well, it has the most simple design and provides access to the top and groundwater. It is advisable to install it to a depth of up to 15 meters.

How to make a well with your own hands?

The following procedure must be followed:

1. Mechanically or manually dig a hole to the desired level.
2. The walls of the well are arranged with special concrete rings. The seams at their joints must be carefully sealed so that foreign objects and living creatures living in the upper layers of the soil do not penetrate into the water.
3. The bottom of the well is covered with gravel of various fractions up to 30 cm thick - it will filter the water coming from below from large impurities.
4. The last stage is the construction of a canopy that protects the water from external contaminants. It could be simple cover or design with a door.

The undoubted advantage that such a well has is the price. This is the cheapest structure capable of providing water to a subsidiary farm. The cost of concrete rings depends on their size and ranges from 1500-5000 rubles. The price of lifting the soil and installing walls also depends on the size of the shaft and the complexity of the process, on average 1800-3000 rubles/ring. If you decide to carry out the installation yourself, then you only need to spend money on concrete elements, which is very profitable.

In the presence of electrical source From such a well you can pump water using a pump. Otherwise, mining is done only with a bucket by hand.

Abyssinian well

It is a driven pipe up to 15 meters long with a diameter of 1 inch. A filter is installed at the tip, and a pump is installed at the ground part. In essence, this is a water well, only very compact. Allows installation anywhere - on site or indoors. Limitation: hard soils. The advantages include tightness: when accessing groundwater, the ingress of polluting perched water is excluded. The disadvantages are the impossibility of constant use due to the threat of silting (cleaning is required).

The depth of the well must be at least 12 meters - it is from this level that the pump can lift water.

An Abyssinian well can be a source of water supply for a home: it supplies relatively clean water suitable for drinking and household use.

Features of the design of simple structures

Any well in a country house can be installed all year round, even in winter. Upper layer The soil freezes shallowly; it can be warmed up by lighting a fire. In the spring, during the period of snowmelt and floods, excavation and installation can only be carried out if you know the level of the source in other periods. There is a risk of making a mistake with the depth due to the saturated water content. Fluctuations in levels are within 1-2 meters. Optimal time development - autumn and winter.

Where to install and how to make a well? Use common sense when deciding this issue. Water layers are located evenly in the depths of the soil; strong differences practically do not occur, so the location is determined by convenience.

If the year turns out to be dry and the water has receded, you can always increase the depth by adding a concrete ring of smaller diameter and height.

Hygiene

Wells should be cleaned regularly or as they become dirty. If you notice a change in the smell or color of the water, it means it’s time to clean the source.

First of all, find the possible reason:

• water entered the well from the upper, dirtier layers;
• for some reason, cracks appeared in the walls or the seams depressurized and contaminants penetrated through them;
• accumulation of debris and dust on the surface of the water due to the unprotected top of the shaft;
• rare use of the well.

Preventative cleaning of wells should be carried out after winter period when the snow melted. This will reduce the likelihood of re-contamination by melt and flood waters. Cleaning can be done either independently or using the services of specialists.

Water well

A modern method of extracting water to meet the needs of the home and household. It is a pipe deeply buried to the lower layers with installed filters and a pump.

There are 2 types of wells:

1. On sand (up to 30 meters, less often - up to 80 meters).
2. On limestone (artesian, below 30 meters).

The advantages of both options include:

• high quality of produced water;
• a large supply that can satisfy all household needs.

Main disadvantages:

• in comparison with wells they have a higher cost of the device;
• If the lifting pump fails, it is impossible to manually obtain water.

Filter well

This one has access to the lower layers of soil, more clean waters. Wells are drilled to sand layers that provide filtration at the production level. Usually the depth reaches 30 meters, with the exception of in some areas - up to 80 meters.

The well is a submerged pipe with a diameter of up to 133 mm. It is advisable to entrust the deepening to professionals, then the installation will last a long time - up to 30 years.

The cost of drilling a well for sand is on average 2000-3000 rubles per meter, taking into account the material.

Pros of use:

• quick installation in 1 day using oversized equipment;
• does not require permission for installation or licensing;
• medium power pumps can be used;
• contains optimal level iron and other impurities that are not harmful to health.

Flaws:

• the threat of siltation requires periodic cleaning;
• if there are similar installations in neighboring areas, a decrease in the amount of produced water and pressure, respectively;
• in winter, the water may decline due to lack of replenishment of the source.

Artesian well

Provides the most clean water from the deepest sources. Well pipes have a diameter of up to 324 mm. Deepening is carried out using special equipment to a depth of up to 240 m (depending on the geological conditions of the area), reaching impenetrable limestone layers, due to which high-quality water purification and protection occurs. Accordingly, the cost of installing a well is high, so it is often installed on several houses or yards.

Advantages:

• there is no contamination with sludge, therefore no cleaning is required;
• high productivity (up to 5000 cubic meters per hour);
• service life - over 50 years with proper installation;
• the amount of water does not depend on the time of year and the number of connected farms;
• The possibility of surface contamination is completely excluded.

Flaws:

• the main one is the high cost of installing the source (depending on the depth, pipe diameter, complexity of insertion: from 2000 to 3500 rubles/meter);
• a permit is required to develop a well (bureaucratic processes may take several months) with further payment of a tax for the use of the resource;
• risk of high mineralization of water, which will require additional purification.

Features of well construction

In order for a water extraction installation to serve for a long time and reliably, you need to take a responsible approach to its installation and choice of material.

For drilling wells, seamless steel pipes no seams. It is better not to use galvanized ones - over time they will pollute the water with particles and compounds harmful to the body.

The ideal option is to install plastic pipes inside steel ones. They are not subject to corrosion and other changes during operation. A “multilayer” water well will last longer without the need for repairs, it is easier to clean, and the quality of the water supplied from it is higher. But its device will cost much more (3000-6000 rubles/meter).

Water quality control

At home, it is almost impossible to determine the composition of the liquid. Especially if we are dealing with a recently installed source.

It is recommended to collect water 3-4 weeks after installing a well or borehole. Then it acquires a permanent, stable composition. Based on the results of the analysis, you can select the best way purification, which will ensure safe consumption for various needs. These may be special installations for well shafts or filters for local use.

Making a choice

Which is better - a well or a borehole - is not an entirely correct question. They are used for various purposes and the extraction of water from different layers land. If you need a source for irrigation, it is optimal to install a shallow shaft well on the site. The price of his device is the most affordable, you can dig it yourself, then the savings will be maximum.

Drilling wells will cost more, but the quality of the water they produce is much higher. They can be used to supply water to an entire house through a system of pipes and taps. It is important here that a reliable pump and cleaning installation is installed if necessary.

An Abyssinian well can also provide a house with water, but in small volumes, since the pump power is relatively small, and the production of water by the system will not provide high pressure.

Which is better - a well or a borehole, depends on the geological conditions, financial capabilities and needs of a particular farm.

In villages with developed infrastructure, residents have the opportunity to connect to the central water supply. It would seem a simple solution, but far from the most optimal.

The quality of water in a centralized system often leaves much to be desired: it is dangerous to drink, and it causes washing machines and dishwashers to malfunction.

The communications are mostly old, so there is a risk of accidents, and therefore interruptions in water supply. In areas of the Tula region, the condition of water supply systems is often deplorable: equipment breaks down, pipes freeze, and water supply is sometimes turned off for several months.

Having your own well gives the home owner complete freedom and independence from utilities, the condition of the pipes, season, air temperature and other factors. This is your personal autonomous water supply system, which will provide you with clean artesian water without interruptions - all year round and 24 hours a day. And you don’t have to pay for water from a well using a meter.

Well or well?

If there is no central water supply, the home owner has two options - a well or a borehole. And here you need to understand that wells are dug to a depth of about 20 m, and the water layer can lie at a depth of 50-70 m.

Therefore, by ordering a well, you will spend money, but you may not get water.

Secondly, the quality of well water is reduced due to melt and rainwater. Thirdly, in winter there is less water in the well, and in a dry summer it may run out altogether.

An artesian well has high productivity (there is enough water even with high consumption) and is not subject to silting.

The wellbore is strengthened with a metal casing pipe, which protects the walls from crumbling and from dirt and ground moisture getting into the wellbore. Inside - plastic pipe: she doesn'trots, does not rust, does not collapse under the influence of water.

It is completely sealed, so groundwater, melt water and other contaminants cannot enter it. It will not freeze in any frost, since the fence water is coming from great depth.

Is there water everywhere?

Everywhere. A well can be drilled in any area with guaranteed access to the aquifer. It does not require much space: 1 square meter is enough. meters, with the possibility of access roads for equipment.

A well will require financial investment only once, but for the next 50 years it will faithfully supply you with water.

Moreover, the water is of excellent quality: analyzes of water from wells confirm its drinking characteristics. You can safely drink it, it does not form scale on the household appliances. Such water does not require an additional purification system, although one can be installed if desired.

To drill a well you need small area- from 1 sq. meters and the possibility of access to it by equipment.

The TSENTRGIDROSTROY company will help you drill and equip a well. We have been working for more than 10 years and have our own fleet of equipment. The staff consists of specialists with 10-15 years of experience. We equip wells on a turnkey basis, with installation of everything necessary equipment, introducing water into the house, internal wiring and issuing documentation. We work quickly (work completion time is from 1 to 5 days) and efficiently so that your well serves long years. We provide a warranty of up to 5 years, service.

Only until the end of April there is a special price - from 1800 rubles/linear. m.