Mounting shingles can be done on your own. This material allows you to create a reliable and aesthetic roofing for a pitched roof. Recently, soft tiles have attracted the attention of private developers, due to which they are gaining more and more popularity.

Lathing device

The bituminous tile keeps within on a firm equal surface of a continuous crate. Moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards are usually used as the material for creating the base. Also, a solid crate can be made of grooved or edged boards. Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the ridge. Sheets or boards are joined on the rafters "in a row" - on one rafter board there should not be joints of the elements of the lathing of adjacent rows.

If the pitch of the rafters requires trimming the sheet material during installation, it is easier to pre-fill the crate on the rafters from a calibrated thickness unedged board(with the bark removed), and fasten the elements of continuous flooring to it.

On the prepared base it is recommended to lay lining carpet from ground roofing. It levels and additionally waterproofs the surface. Besides, this covering will provide high adhesion of a bituminous tile. Slopes with a slope angle of up to 30 ° are completely covered with roofing paper in one or two layers (overlapping vertically 150 mm, horizontally - 80 mm, laying parallel to the eaves). On steeper roofs, the lining layer must be installed in the area of ​​​​the ridge, valleys, and places where the roof adjoins vertical structures. Priming roofing is nailed, in valleys it is additionally glued.

Basic installation rules

When calculating the amount of material, some nuances should be taken into account. Bituminous tiles are designed to create a roof covering on roofs with a slope angle of 15 - 85 °. The packaging indicates the calculated surface for a slope with a slope of 45 °. When the angle of inclination changes, the consumption of material changes - for a roofing carpet of a more sloping roof, more material will be needed, for a steep one - less. Hexagonal shingles can be used on roofs with a slope of at least 20°.

The laying of bituminous tiles is carried out according to certain rules. To achieve a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime of work and the storage conditions of the material:

• work on the installation of roofing should be carried out at an air temperature exceeding +5 ° C;
• bituminous shingles should be stored indoors in a packed form, stacked on pallets no more than 16 rows in height;
• primer roofing should be stored in rolls in a vertical position;
• if it is supposed to work at relatively low temperatures, the lining carpet and tiles must be removed to a warm room a day before installation.

Soft tiles during laying are not processed by a burner, in contrast to the bituminous built-up roof. A protective polymer film is removed from the lower surface of the element prepared for installation, and the part is placed on the prepared plane. The adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the base under the influence of sunlight (in hot weather) or a hot air gun (in cool weather). If bituminous tiles are mounted in cold or very windy weather, a special bituminous adhesive should be used.

Elements of bituminous tiles from different packages may differ slightly in shade, color intensity. To make the finished roof look aesthetically pleasing, it is advisable to spend a separate package of material on the slope. If a big square the slope does not allow this, the coating is mounted from elements that are alternately taken from several packages - this allows you to achieve a uniform distribution of shades.

In hot weather, the adhesive layer of bituminous tiles softens, and the coating can deform under load. For this reason, such a roof in the heat can only be moved with the help of stairs or roofing "cats".

Fastener Features

Roofing from bituminous tiles requires mechanical fastening of each element. For this purpose, they can be used:

• screw nails;
• shaved nails;
• brackets (for mounting tiles on the crate without primer roofing).

The length of the roofing nail must be at least 26 mm and the diameter of the flat head must be 8 mm. Fasteners made of metal with high-quality anti-corrosion treatment are used. Each shingle is fastened with 4 nails, which are driven in at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides of the tile and 14.5 from its bottom line.

Hat hammered nail should be flush with the surface. Protruding fasteners can damage the roofing element laid above. A deeply recessed nail creates a recess in which moisture can accumulate, which over time will lead to the destruction of the fastener.

Bituminous glue is used for additional strengthening of tiles at the junction with windows and walls, on the ridge and in valleys, as well as for laying the coating in cold weather. Glue from the cans is applied with a steel spatula, squeezed out of the cylinders with a special gun. Since bituminous adhesive hardens at temperatures below +10 ° C, mounting the roofing in cold weather, it must be preheated. The glued shingle should be firmly pressed to the base.

Shingles installation

The first step is to fasten the metal eaves and wind battens to the underlayment using wood screws or flat head roofing nails. Fasteners are installed along the entire length of the bar in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 100 mm. Metal strips are mounted with an overlap of 50 mm. The laying of the underlayment carpet under the valleys is carried out on top of the cornice strips.

Next, a shingle for cornices is laid on top of the mounted cornice strip. The principle of installation depends on the type of tile: some material manufacturers advise leaving a gap of 1 cm between the bottom line of the cornice shingle and the edge of the cornice, in other cases it is recommended to make an overhang (1-1.5 cm) roofing material above the cornice. If the manufacturer does not offer special eaves shingles, it is necessary to cut off several ordinary ones and lay out the first line of shingles on the eaves from the resulting adhesive strips, gluing them end to end.

The installation of shingles starts from the bottom of the eaves, from the middle line of the slope - the shingles are laid retreating to the left and right. The next row of roof elements is laid in such a way that the gap between the lower edge of the cornice row and the lower edge of the second line is 1-2 cm. In this case, a visual straight line of the cornice will be provided when looking at the roof from the ground. If the shingles of the bituminous shingles are rectangular in shape, each even-numbered row must be started with a shingle half so that the elements move diagonally.

If bituminous tiles are laid on the roof of a house built in an area with strong winds, the distance between the courses of shingles should be reduced in order to increase the reliability of the pavement. On such roofs, the visible part of the tiles will be smaller.

Secrets of a beautiful roof

Accurate installation of shingles with your own hands requires prior knowledge of some of the intricacies of laying. In particular, when bypassing the structural elements of the roof, including the dormer window, the distance between the extreme shingles on both sides of the element should be a multiple of 1 meter - this will allow all subsequent rows to be correctly mounted.

Before starting the laying of the material, it is recommended to draw a slope with chalk vertically and horizontally directly on the primer roofing, marking its middle line, as well as laying lines for every 4-5 rows of elements. If on the slope are located structural elements(attic or skylight, smoke or ventilation tube), then vertical lines mark from them. This makes it possible to perform the installation as accurately and beautifully as possible.

Valleys and skates

Ridge shingles should be cut along the ridge line. After completing ventilation gap in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is closed with cornice shingles. Instead, you can use a trimmed regular shingle. To bend the shingle without the formation of microcracks, the material must be heated. Bituminous mastic will reliably waterproof the junction of the ridge coating to the roof.

Reliable waterproofing of the valley is carried out as follows: each shingle that falls on the gutter should, without cutting, be fixed on the other side of the gutter with mechanical fasteners and glue. In this case, only the shingles of the top row are cut off, and the gutter of the valley is reliably protected and will not leak during the long-term operation of the roof.

Soft roof - modern material, which has good technological characteristics, is in demand on the market, and work with which in practice is carried out all year round.

The Russian climate is characterized by a long cold period and often there is a need or desire to cover the roof at lower temperatures.

Will this have serious consequences?

The soft tile is a fiberglass canvas coated on both sides with a bitumen-polymer coating. It is this layer that is responsible for all the most important functions - it is both a waterproofing agent and glue at the same time. In its pure form, bitumen easily melts when the temperature rises and quickly hardens when it is lowered - for a roof, this is more of a disadvantage than an advantage.

Technologists have found a way to neutralize this flaw: modified polymer compositions which improve the properties of the material. As a result, it melts less, does not harden as much in the cold, and does not lose its properties under adverse conditions.

In practice, this means that it “does not float” in direct sunlight and “does not tan” in the cold, and laying work can be done at any temperature. Flexible bituminous tiles are able to withstand temperatures from -55° C to + 110° C, and the strength of the adhesive bond can withstand -35° C.

These are the temperature limits that are most comfortable for a person and favorable for the manifestation of the best technological properties of the material.

From + 5° C and above, soft roofing and mastics are the most plastic, do not require additional softening with hair dryers - the installation process is carried out at an optimal speed without involving aids. Read more about the installation of soft tiles.

how low temperatures affect coverage?

At sub-zero temperature the bituminous layer becomes less plastic, hardens, the polymerization process slows down. Work can be carried out, but the material must be brought into a warm room with the optimum temperature, and then brought to the installation site in batches in several packages.

If the frost is severe, then the packages with roofing material should warm up well in a heated room for 1-2 days. During the installation process, you will need to use a building hair dryer - heating the tiles and mastics before laying will increase the plasticity of the materials and ensure better adhesion of the shingles to each other.

Working in the cold increases the number of procedures and manipulations, while reducing the speed.

What to do if the base gets wet?

It is impossible to carry out work when it is raining, snowing or start laying without waiting for the base to dry. The base must be dry - otherwise, under a sealed underlayment, wet OSB sheets, plywood or boards (depending on what it is made of) will rot in 2-3 years, the roof will become unusable.

To be or not to be?

Carry out styling soft roof winter or not - everyone decides for himself.

It is wiser to plan the installation of the roof for the spring, when more sunny days, higher air temperature, less rain - ideal conditions for roofing. And in winter, it is quite possible to carry out preparations so as not to waste time during the construction season, and purchase building materials - during this period, the price for them is usually reduced.

Answers to the main questions that arise from customers of bituminous tiles

1. How fast is bituminous shingles installed?

• On average, one person can mount 7 m² of roofing from soft tiles per hour.
• It is considered normal if a team of three people lays 150 square meters per day.
• Much envy from the qualifications of the performers, weather conditions and the complexity of the geometry of each particular roof.

2. Are there any restrictions on roof slopes on which shingles are used?

• Bituminous tiles can be used on slopes (from 0 to 90 degrees) and on roofs of any complexity and configuration.
• However, it should be remembered that there is such a thing as a critical angle. For most types of shingles, a slope of about 20 degrees is considered a critical angle.
• On small slopes, it is recommended to lay bituminous tiles without nails on continuous rolled bituminous underlying carpets using the fusing method. The underlying bituminous carpets in such cases are usually fixed to the base mechanically.
• On slopes greater than 60 degrees, additional nails are recommended (usually + 2 per shingle).

3. What is the guarantee for bituminous tiles?

• Laminated shingles come with a 30-year warranty on the material. For other types of bituminous tiles, a guarantee of 10 years is given.
• You should also demand a guarantee for the installation of shingles from the organization that performs the work for you. Works performed in violation of the technology of laying bituminous tiles will not be able to ensure the long-term operation of this wonderful roofing.

4. Can bituminous tiles have differences in shades?

• In the production of bituminous tiles, deviations in shades between different batches of material are allowed.
• The powder comes to the production already painted. For example, in a batch of material produced earlier, the topping may be darker due to the absorption of the bitumen into the granules.
• When laying the material, it is recommended to take shingles from five packages at the same time to avoid stains with various shades. On models with a sheen, such shades only improve appearance giving the object a unique individual coloring.

5. Can moss grow on shingle roofing?

• Sometimes it happens that moss grows on the roof (and not only on shingles).
• This phenomenon is usually observed on the north side of the roof, which is in the shade, especially if the house is located under dense canopy of trees. A slight slope of the roof and the presence of dirt contribute to the development of vegetation on such roofs.
• The simplest and effective method moss control is a preventive cleaning of the roof in the fall using a soft broom. If the moss is not easily removed, then apply special means to remove moss. Before using such products, be sure to check with the supplier if this reagent is compatible with bitumen.
• It should be remembered that at Owens Corning, basalt chips are protected against fungi and moss with special reagents, which ensures a high degree of resistance of American tiles to this phenomenon.

6. Are special metal bars needed?

• It is recommended to use three main types of slats:

1. Cornice strips (so-called drips).
2. Gable strips for water drainage on roof eaves and gables, to prevent rotting of wood materials.
3. Adjoining strips for arranging the adjoining of roofing material to vertical surfaces.

• The slats must be made of corrosion-resistant material. These elements are installed on the lining carpet.
• Without a junction bar, it is almost impossible to qualitatively waterproof the most vulnerable spot on the roof - the connection of the roof slope with a wall, chimney or other vertical surfaces.
• If slats are not used, then leakage or moisture ingress under the roofing material is likely, which, in turn, will lead to rotting of the wooden structure.

7. Is it possible to lay bituminous tiles in the cold season?

• IT IS POSSIBLE, subject to the following recommendations for laying bituminous tiles in the cold season.

1. Before laying, the material must be placed in a warm room with an air temperature of 20-30 degrees Celsius, for at least 24 hours. It is enough to place only the amount of material that is planned to be laid the next day (50-100 sq. m.).
2. The material should be taken out from a warm room to the roof one pack at a time (previously mixed with 4 others) and bring a new pack as the previous one is used.
3. When laying flexible tiles in the cold season, it is necessary to use an industrial hair dryer: to activate the adhesive areas of the flexible tiles, to warm up the flexible tiles, if it is necessary to bend the material

• A more expensive way to get out of the situation is the device of a “green house”. In other words, temporary buildings covered, as a rule, with plastic wrap, over the future roof. A heat "gun" is driven into such a "room" hot air- and you can work. Only you still need to be able to make such a structure, and such “works” cannot be compared with summer work.

8. I saw “waves” and irregularities on the roof of bituminous tiles. What are the reasons for such disgrace?

• Poorly executed continuous crate. Most likely, the base "lives", i.e. the crate is made of raw materials, and the grooved board has risen up under the influence of moisture.
• The dry tongue-and-groove board is nailed too tightly together and there is no room left for the tree to "walk". You should have left a gap of approx. 1-3 mm.
• Penetrations, valleys or installation were poorly made, which caused water to enter the roof structure and caused the crate to swell.
• The ventilation of the roof structure is missing or not done correctly.
• The vapor barrier allows moisture to pass through, which collects in the lower structures.

9. Is it necessary to ventilate the under-roof space? These are extra costs.

• When using any roofing material, roof ventilation provides only advantages:
• Comfort in the attic room, because freezing and heating of the roof is prevented (depending on the season).
• Provides dry insulation wooden elements roofs, and therefore maximizes the extension of their service life.

10. What are the minimum ventilation space clearances?

• In 95% of cases - 5 cm. With small slopes and slopes longer than 10 meters, it can reach up to 8-10 cm.

11. What problems can arise without under-roof space ventilation?

Insufficient ventilation leads to the following negative phenomena:

• formation of icicles and ice on the roof,
• to the accumulation of moisture in the insulation and the weakening of its functions,
• internal leaks on the roof caused by condensation,
• high temperature in rooms and especially in attic and attic spaces during the hot season,
• damage building structures roofs caused by mold,
• blisters may appear on the bituminous tile itself from overheating of the coating.

12. Compared to metal tiles, bituminous tiles seem fragile, so it is worse?

• The laid bituminous tile is stronger, because. you can walk and move along it without special ladders, knock with a hammer, etc. without the risk of damaging the material itself or the top layer.
• The strength of the finished bituminous tile roofing is determined primarily by the strength of the solid flooring on which the shingles are laid. The direct roofing tile itself performs primarily the function of waterproofing, as well as an aesthetic function.

13. Shingles can be torn apart by hand. Why?

• The strip of shingles that you took from the pack and hold in your hands (shingles) is a semi-finished product.
• If you have a desire to test roofing materials using the “knee-on” method, we suggest that you try to break the laid shingles.
• To test the strength of the laid bituminous tiles, you will have to tear: 6-15 mm of the laid bituminous coating (overlapping 2-3 and even 4-5 layers for laminated bituminous tiles), and also, you will have to break at least 10 mm of OSB slab with your bare hands or 25 mm board, on which bituminous tiles are laid. Will it work?

14. Does shingle retain dirt, leaves, needles?

• With certain slopes, any roofing material is some more, some less holds needles and dirt.
• Sooner or later, depending on the weather, rain and snow are able to wash it all away. Important in this case is the fact that bituminous tiles do not react and "do not come into contact" with these objects, so they leave no traces in the end, which cannot be said about many other roofing materials.
• Preventive cleaning of the roof with a soft broom autumn period contributes to the longevity of your roof.

15. It is easy to pierce shingles with a sharp object.

• Almost any roofing material cannot withstand a massive point impact (large icicle, spear). However, remember that under the flexible tiles, which lie on the roof in 2-3 layers (which is 7-11 mm of coverage), there is a solid crate made of wood (at least 10 mm OSB), which in itself is a very reliable shield against falling objects.
• Any section of bituminous tiles can be easily repaired at minimal cost, while there is no need to change sheets of a large area, as, for example, with metal tiles.
• The metal tile sheet may be able to withstand the fall of the icicle, however, the top sheeting will be damaged.

16. Are shingles on fire?

• The bituminous tile belongs to the materials that do not spread the flame.
• If there is a problem, in any case, it will be necessary to change the roof.
• In the event of a fire, bituminous tiles, in fact, burn out in the centers of flame, indicating these places, and do not spread the flame further.
• Falling on shingles of burning leaves, rocket launchers or firecrackers will not cause the roof to ignite. Protective stone dressing will prevent the occurrence of a fire.

17. Is it possible to use shingles in seaside areas?

• Definitely possible, very resistant to factors external environment, including sea air and hurricane gusts of wind.
• The components of bituminous tiles (basalt, bitumen, fiberglass) are neutral to impact sea ​​air and air polluted by industrial waste.

18. What should be the basis for shingles?

Bituminous tiles can be laid on a continuous dry level ground free of debris and greasy contaminants. The following options are possible:

• plywood or OSB plate 10 mm or more (9 mm is acceptable with a step of lathing from boards not more than 300 mm)
• edged board at least 25mm (permissible difference up to 2mm)
• tongue-and-groove board at least 20 mm (permissible difference 2 mm)
• - concrete or cement strainer(laying without nails in a hot way using rolled bituminous materials)
• - metal (most often gluing with special bituminous adhesives, or hot method using rolled bituminous materials)
• - other shingles (renovation of the old coating with a still reliable base)

19. What are the ways to fasten bituminous tiles to the base?

• Nailing is the most common way of fastening bituminous shingles to a wooden base. best solution are specially designed galvanized nails 25-30 mm thick about 3.1 mm with a head of at least 9 mm in diameter and preferably twisted (ruffled) or ring - improved fit.
• Fusion method on the underlying bituminous rolled layer. As an underlying layer, euroroofing material is used without sprinkling SBS, APP, with polyester reinforcement. Often used when fastening shingles to concrete base when nailing is not possible, as well as on roof slopes below critical (less than 20 degrees).
• Bonding method using special bituminous adhesives. It is most often used when gluing shingles to metal sheets. Attention! Excessive use of adhesives leads to the destruction of shingles (solvents in adhesives).

20. What should be the treatment of wooden roof structures?

• Fire treatment is a mandatory operation in the construction of municipal facilities, but not mandatory for private customers. Provides sufficient stability of structures during a fire, allowing timely evacuation of people before collapse load-bearing structures roofs.
• Antiseptic treatment (against bugs, fungi, etc.) is desirable for any customers. Provides resistance of wooden structures to the biological effects of microorganisms and insects. Provides long-term operation of a roof.

21. Coefficients for converting ordinary tiles into special elements?

• 1 row, or cornice, or start K \u003d 0.15. In other words, for 10 m.p. 1 row requires 1.5 m2 of ordinary tiles
• Skate K = 0.35. In other words, for 10 m.p. ridge requires 3.5 m2 of ordinary tiles
• Endova K = 0.55. In other words, for 10 m.p. valleys need 5.5 m2 of ordinary tiles (cutting method)
• 2-3% should be laid on the undercut, if the roof is simple, but if the roof has a complex configuration, then 5-6% of ordinary tiles may additionally be used for undercut.

22. What is the difference between soft, flexible, shingles, shingles, shingles and roofing tiles?

• Nothing, since all these terms mean the same thing: a roofing coating based on fiberglass, impregnated with bitumen on top and bottom, covered with colored mineral dressing (basalt, slate, etc.) on the front side, usually with adhesive areas. In other words, the manufacturer of roofing materials himself chooses the term he likes.
• Another thing is that there are various ways to stabilize bitumen: oxidation, SBS modification, APP modification. But the name of the roofing does not depend on the method of bitumen stabilization.

23. The color of the stone powder?

• Bituminous tiles have an extremely wide variety color solutions, which allows you to satisfy the needs of almost any client.
• Mineral granules are stained with inorganic dyes and then high temperature(600-800 degrees Celsius) baked in an oven. In fact, ceramics with very high color fastness are obtained. In addition, the topping is treated with special reagents that provide protection against mosses.
• American manufacturers on their specialized lines for the production of bituminous shingles make products with various combinations of sprinkle colors, which provide the depth of colors, shades and volume of finished roofs. Designer models of laminated shingles deserve special attention.

24. What type of bitumen and modifiers are used in the production of bituminous tiles?

• Bitumen is a product of oil refining containing hydrocarbons. At normal temperatures, it is solid. To give it certain characteristics necessary for roofing materials, it is oxidized or modifiers are added.
• The choice of bitumen stabilization method largely depends on the volume of production of bituminous tiles. If the volumes are small, then manufacturers use chemical methods to stabilize bitumen, using equipment something like an industrial “mixer”. So, for example, the Finns do. If the volumes are large, then it is more profitable to use oxidized bitumen for the production of bituminous tiles, as a cheaper and more reliable option.
• Of the chemical additives, SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) or APP (atactic polypropylene) are more often used.

25. What wind loads can bituminous tiles carry?

• Bituminous tiles can easily endure hurricane gusts of wind.
• The most wind-resistant laminated bituminous tile Owens Corning model is called Duration. The special technology SureNail™ allows you to withstand very strong gusts of wind up to 208 km per hour.

26. Frost resistance of shingles?

• Any climate zone suitable for bituminous tiles, which are equally successfully used in areas from the Equator to the Arctic Circle.
• If someone claims that only Finnish tiles are suitable for our climate, then this is not true. For reference: the population of Finland is just over 5 million people. The US population is almost 309 million + Canada 34 million. Total 1:68 by population. By territory 1:57A features of the Canadian climate, which practically coincides with the northern territories of the United States, are described on the Internet: “The climate in Canada is mostly temperate and subarctic. Average January temperatures range from -35°C in the north of the country to 4°C in the south of the Pacific coast. Average temperatures in July are 21°C in the south of the country and 4°C on the islands of the Canadian and Arctic archipelago.”
• American shingles are both Crimea and Alaska.

27. Can shingles be left unglued?

• At ambient temperatures below +15 degrees Celsius, the adhesive strips or adhesive areas on the bituminous tiles should be activated with an industrial hair dryer (an electrical device that provides a hot jet of air at a controlled temperature).
• At the optimum ambient temperature for laying bituminous tiles (from +15 to +30 degrees Celsius), adhesive strips usually stick together themselves under the weight of the tiles themselves and under the rays of the sun. However, in the cold season, "independent" gluing is difficult.
• If bituminous tiles are not glued together during the cold season with an industrial hair dryer, there is a big risk of the tiles being blown up by the wind. Your roof simply can not wait for the spring heat and become unusable.
• We strongly recommend gluing the bituminous tiles during installation with an industrial hair dryer.

28. Should the roof be cleared of snow in winter?

• AT normal conditions it is not necessary to throw snow off the roof unless an uncontrolled fall is a hazard. In especially snowy and wet winters, it is recommended to check the amount of accumulated snow on the roof. If the snow load increases and approaches the norms of the roof bearing capacity, it is necessary to reduce the amount of snow on the roof. Snow is removed in layers and about 10 cm of a protective layer of snow is left on the roof.
• As a working tool, only a plastic shovel or scraper is used (in no case a metal shovel). Snow is never thrown from the upper platform to the lower one, and also never raked against the wall. Ice is removed, for example by melting hot water, but not by breaking off.

29. Why is a vapor barrier needed?

• The vapor barrier serves as an obstacle to the movement of steam formed inside the room into the roof structure, namely into the insulation.
• Warm and moisture-saturated air, moving from living quarters to colder ones due to higher partial pressure, when cooled, gives up part of its moisture in the form of condensate. Those. the amount of moisture generated is higher, the greater the temperature difference outside and in the interior, so most of the moisture gets into the under-roof space in winter.
• The problem of improperly executed vapor barrier is common. Insufficient vapor barrier leads to excessive amounts of condensate and the risk of rotting of the roof structure. An obstacle to the penetration of steam into the under-roof space is a special film with low vapor permeability, which is placed under the thermal insulation. The smaller the ventilation gap in the design of the upper base, the denser the vapor barrier should be. High-quality vapor barrier and the presence of a sufficient lower ventilation gap are the prerequisites for a durable roof and the entire structure.

30. What are anti-condensation and diffusion films?

• With a well-executed vapor barrier, a certain amount of steam can penetrate into the insulation, and moisture can also get under the crate during rain, snowfall, etc. The accumulation of moisture in the structure reduces its heat-shielding properties and leads to corrosion of the load-bearing elements. The service life of such a roof is significantly reduced, and after a short period of time from the start of operation, the roof requires expensive repairs. Anti-condensation and diffusion films help to preserve the properties of the insulation. Depending on the type, the materials pass or absorb steam.
• Anti-condensation films are practically vapor-tight and are used for metal and traditional tiles, because under them, condensation forms in large quantities.
• Superdiffusion membranes are waterproof but vapor permeable. Bandwidth superdiffusion membranes are tens of times larger than conventional hydrobarriers. In addition, it is allowed to lay the superdiffusion membrane directly on the insulation. Also, such special membranes help to better retain heat, preventing the effect of the so-called blowing. Sort of like a pillow case.

31. What is the consumption of bituminous glue and features of its application?

• Consumption of bituminous adhesive: approx. 1 l/m² of the bonded surface. Surfaces dry after about 5 hours at +20 ˚C. Complete drying time 1 - 14 days depending on the thickness of the layer. Temperature during gluing from +5 to +50 ˚C. Excessive consumption of glue is not allowed, because. this can lead to bitumen smudges on the roof.
• If tubes of glue are used, which usually have a volume of about 300 milliliters, then such packages make it possible to use glue more economically. According to experience, 1 tube is enough on average for 10 square meters of roofing or for 5-6 linear meters of continuous use (strip).
• In principle, bituminous adhesive can be stored at sub-zero temperatures, but if it is possible to transfer it to a heated room, then it is better to do so. In any case, in cold weather, the bituminous adhesive should be kept at room temperature for 24 hours before use.

32. Is it necessary to use snow guards?

• The use of snow retainers on a roof made of bituminous tiles is not a mandatory measure, since the rough surface of the tiles prevents snow falls from the roof.
• And holes, in the places where snow retainers are attached, can weaken the waterproofing function of the roof.

33. What are the tapes on the back of your shingles?

• Some bituminous shingles have a special area with protective tape on the back of the shingles. This is the so-called shipping tape, which protects the adhesive area of ​​the underlying shingle in the pack (so that the shingles in the pack do not stick together). This tape does not need to be removed before installation.
• There is a protective strip at the bottom of the tile, which must be removed before installation. This protective tape from the back of the tile protects the adhesive area that is applied to the same roof tile.

34. Storing shingles?

• Store shingles in a cool, ventilated area.
• It is not recommended to store shingles under open sky without protection from direct sunlight and without protection from atmospheric precipitation.
• Shingles can be left on site for a short time in factory pallets, but they should be covered with tarpaulin or plywood sheets.
• Do not use a roof slope to store shingles (for example, for fear of theft). Bituminous tiles are compact and relatively heavy material (pallet 1.05 x1.05 meters), so the point accumulation a large number shingles on a slope at one point can damage the crate. Recall that a factory pallet with shingles weighs about 1.5 tons.

For maximum roofing performance long time, the laying of soft tiles must be carried out in accordance with the installation rules developed for this material. Each manufacturer has their own installation instructions, but in general, the basic installation rules are the same.

Installation conditions

Installation instructions for bitumen tiles regulate the temperature regime for working with the material. Laying is recommended to be carried out at an air temperature above +5 °C. Shingles - the elements that make up a flexible tiled roof, are connected to the surface of the base not only with metal fasteners, but also thanks to a special self-adhesive layer on the underside. High adhesion and tightness of the mounted coating is ensured by heating from sunlight - the shingles are reliably soldered to the base and to each other.

If the installation of shingles is carried out in cool weather, the adhesion of the sheets may not be strong enough. To heat the adhesive layer of the shingle, you can use a hot-air burner ( building hair dryer). It is also practiced laying material on bituminous mastic. But there may be difficulties with the installation of the ridge coating, since the material needs to be bent. In cold weather, bituminous shingles become more rigid and brittle, and in the process of giving the shingle the desired shape, microcracks may appear in the material.

If a roofing have to be done in cool weather, packages with tiles should be kept for about a day in a warm, closed room.

If necessary, styling roof deck from bituminous piece material in frost, a small enclosed space is arranged on the roof of the structure - a rack frame is mounted, covered with plastic wrap. Heat guns are used to create the required temperature inside a limited volume.

Base for roofing

Under the base for installation of bituminous piece roofing implies a truss system with a continuous crate. To ensure the proper functioning of the roofing cake, with inside rafter legs, a vapor barrier membrane is mounted. With outside insulation is laid and a diffusion membrane is attached, which removes moisture from the heat-insulating layer and does not let it inside. Along the rafter legs, the slats of the counter-lattice are stuffed over the membrane.

Laying soft tiles requires an even, solid base made of edged or tongue-and-groove boards or sheet materials – OSB boards, moisture resistant plywood. Humidity of the material for the crate should not exceed 20%.

Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the eaves. Boards must overlap at least two runs and be attached to each rafter leg. The joining of the crate elements is carried out on a support, while the joints of adjacent rows of the crate should be located on different supports.

It is important to leave a deformation seam between the elements of the crate - wood materials change their linear dimensions under the influence of temperature and moisture.

Roofing cake, which includes shingles, should be well ventilated. This will significantly reduce the formation of ice on the surface in winter period, as the transfer of heat from the premises of the house to the roofing will decrease. In summer, the ventilation gap, the height of which should be at least 5 cm, reduces the temperature inside the roofing cake, resulting in less overheating attic room. In order for air circulation to be sufficient to remove moisture from the inside of the roof, special holes are left in the lower part of the roof (in the filing of overhangs), and an exhaust duct is equipped in the ridge.

Lining layer

Installation of flexible tiles requires the use of a special lining material. Piece bituminous coating is used on pitched roofs with a slope angle of at least 12 °. If the slope of the slopes is 12-30 °, a waterproofing lining is attached to the entire surface of the continuous crate. A slope angle of more than 30° requires the installation of waterproofing material in the valleys, along the eaves, above the chimney pipes and ventilation slopes, at the junction of the roof to the walls, around the attic windows. This allows you to reliably protect places where there is a high probability of accumulation of snow and ice.

The principle of installation of the lining layer depends on its features. The composite material of polymer film and bituminous filler is self-adhesive: it is carefully laid on the crate and rolled to ensure tight adhesion and remove possible bubbles. Polyester waterproofing material is laid using bituminous mastic and is additionally fastened in the upper and side parts with a 20 cm spacing with nails with wide flat heads, which are then treated with mastic. The lining layer is formed from strips roll material laid parallel to the eaves. Longitudinal overlap should be 100 mm, transverse - 200 mm.

The technology of laying soft tiles provides for certain principles for installing the lining in places of probable leaks. The width of the waterproofing layer is:

• for valleys - 500 mm from its axis in each direction;
• for the ridge - 250 mm each;
• for end and cornice overhangs - 400 mm.

To ensure the tightness of the overlap places, they are coated with bituminous mastic.

Mounting planks

To protect the crate from rain moisture, gable and cornice strips are mounted. Installation of cornice strips (droppers) is performed on top of the lining layer. The instruction requires the installation of elements with an overlap of at least 200 mm. Fasteners should be arranged in a zigzag (staggered pattern) with a step of 10 cm. Gable strips are designed for the ends of roof slopes. Fastening is also carried out using roofing nails installed in 10 cm increments.

The waterproofing carpet of the valley is laid after the installation of the planks on the slopes. The color of the carpet is selected taking into account the color of the shingles. The material is fixed with nails in 10 cm increments. If there are vertical structures on the roof slopes, a waterproofing coating is also laid around them.

If the arrangement of the chimney passage through the roof is planned to be carried out after the installation of the finish coating, when planning the roof, the place where it will be located should be noted.

How to properly prepare roofing system for the installation of soft tiles can be found in the thematic video.

Installation of roofing material

First of all, eaves tiles are laid - a special element of a soft piece roof. Not all manufacturers offer special tiles for the cornice overhang. In this case, it is required to use a strip of material that is cut out from an ordinary shingle - the petals are cut from it. Stepping back from the cornice overhang 2 cm, the resulting elements are glued.

Before starting installation on the roof, markings must be applied. The chalk lines indicating the arrangement of the rows of material make it possible to lay the shingles strictly parallel to the eaves. The vertical line indicates the middle of the slope. To make the roof look aesthetically pleasing, the coating is mounted from bituminous tiles, taken at random from several packs. This allows you to level the differences in the shades of the material.

Laying of shingles starts from the middle of the overhang of the eaves - the shingles are mounted to the right and left of the first one. The protective film from the elements of the roofing is removed immediately before installation. The shingles are pressed tightly against the base, and then additionally secured with roofing nails driven in above the groove: 4 pieces for each shingle.

If the angle of the roof slope exceeds 45°, it is recommended to use 6 nails each for fastening curly bituminous tiles.

The first row of shingles is located in such a way that their lower edge is 10-15 mm higher than the lower edge of the cornice shingles. Laying is carried out with the expectation that the petals of the bituminous elements cover the joints of the eaves shingles. The petals of subsequent rows with their tip should be above the cutouts of the previous layer or at their level. In places where the shingles adjoin the gable strips, the material is cut off along the edge of the roof, the edges are glued using bituminous mastic, and they must be smeared by 10 cm.

In order not to damage the bottom layer of the tile, when cutting off excess material, place a small plank or piece of plywood under its edge.

Arrangement of the valley

Installation of tiles requires a special approach to creating a reliable and durable design of the valley. Before laying ordinary tiles, a waterproofing lining is mounted under the valley, to which the flexible tiles are melted with a hot air gun or fixed using bitumen-polymer mastic.

Work on the arrangement of the valley should begin with a slope with a more gentle angle of inclination or a slope with a shorter length.

On the slope opposite the chosen one, parallel to the axis of the valley, at a distance of 30 cm from it, a line should be drawn. The shingles that reach this line from the first slope (with an overlap of the valley axis) are cut along the line and fixed with mastic or melted with a hot air gun. All shingles coming from a gentle (or short) slope are mounted in this way. Then a line is drawn on this slope, parallel to the axis of the valley and 10 cm from it. The shingles that reach the line from the side of the opposite slope are cut exactly along the line, and their upper corners should be cut to approximately 60 °.

Roofing nails can be used at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley. Therefore, when arranging it, the material should be glued or welded.

Ridge coating

Laying of the ridge coating is carried out after the installation of ordinary tiles. For these purposes, cornice elements can be used. In other cases, the material is cut from ordinary shingles:

• if the shingle petals are rectangular, they are cut off, and the remaining wide strip is mounted on the ridge;
• the shingles that form a pattern of hexagons during laying are cut into hexagonal fragments, from which the ridge coating is made.

To simplify and secure work with the roof ridge, scaffolds should be mounted.

Straight strips are heated with a hot air gun, bent along the axis and laid on the ridge with an overlap of 50 mm. Fixation of each strip is carried out on 4 nails.

Flexible shingles - a material that has become popular relatively recently. It has two important differences from other types of coatings:

• base device technology;
• allowable slope angle.

Shingles Features

First of all, you need to understand whether it is possible to use a bituminous coating on the roof. Tiles are not intended for use on flat and low-slope roofs. For this, there are other options for bituminous materials - rolled. The minimum allowable slope of the ramp is 11-12°.

Because of physical properties there are restrictions on maximum slope. It is not recommended to use bitumen for roofs steeper than 45°. In this case, the probability of slipping of the substance when heated in the sun increases.

The second difference between soft shingles and other roofing materials is the need for a solid foundation. Fastening sheets implies the presence of a continuous crate or laying sheets of moisture-resistant plywood under the coating. The use of sparse crates of boards is not allowed.

Tiled base device

Do-it-yourself installation of bituminous tiles begins with the installation of a base for individual elements. As mentioned earlier, moisture-resistant plywood is used for this or edged board. Before this they erect truss system, perform vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing of the roof.

AT general case The following requirements are put forward for the foundation:

• full coverage;
• smoothness;
• dryness;
• no pollution.

The thickness of plywood sheets is taken depending on the pitch of the stops. The larger it is, the greater the load on the base will be. The minimum thickness is 9 mm. When using thinner sheets, they are laid in 2-3 layers with spaced seams. For the flooring device, a material with increased moisture resistance (FSF marking) is needed. Such plywood is divided into 5 grades, for installation bituminous roofing You can use any of those presented in stores.

Boards for the manufacture of continuous crates must be at least 25 mm thick. In northern regions with a lot of snow in winter, it is recommended to use a board with a thickness of 32 mm. All lumber is processed before installation antiseptic formulations that prevent mold and mildew. Optionally, they are treated with flame retardants (they increase fire resistance).

Sometimes you can find OSB-3 boards as a base for shingles. This option should not be confused with the cheaper OSB-1 and OSB-2, which do not have desired characteristics. Before laying, it is worth checking the marking of each element.

Self-tapping screws or galvanized nails are used to fasten the base to the rafters or the counter-lattice. Between the flooring elements, a gap of 3 mm must be left for the thermal expansion of the material.

Roof ventilation

When installing a heated attic or attic, you need to take care of roof ventilation. This moment is thought over even before laying the coating. natural ventilation will be provided with the help of such elements as:

• holes for air to enter the eaves (often for this, a sparse filing of the eaves with boards or soffit strips is used);
• channels and vents for the movement of air under the roof;
• holes for exhaust in the ridge or along the slope (ridge and point aerators).

To ensure unhindered air movement under the roof, the distance between the insulation and the coating should be 5 cm when the slope is more than 20 °, 8 cm - when the slope is less than 20 °. If the installation of a counter-lattice is provided, it provides for small gaps for natural ventilation.

The total area of ​​the exhaust vents should be 1/300 of the area of ​​the entire slope. In most cases, it is sufficient to install only ridge aerators. If, according to the calculation, there are few of them, then additional point hoods are provided.

Lining layer

The next stage of laying bituminous tiles is the lining carpet. It is necessary to prevent roof leaks. The location of the waterproofing material is determined depending on the angle of the roof:

• less than 18° - solid;
• from 18 ° - in places of possible leaks.

If the roof angle is less than 18°, there is an increased chance that moisture will linger on the roof. In this case, it is better to play it safe and lay the lining layer over the entire surface of the roof slope. The work is carried out from the bottom up, the material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

With a slope of 18 ° or more, it is worth laying additional waterproofing only in dangerous places:

• cornice (at least 40 cm wide from the edge);
• skate (overlap on each slope at least 25 cm);
• overhangs over the pediment;
• valleys.

Lining carpets are available in four types:

• standard (fixed with nails in 20 cm increments);
• combined (with an adhesive strip at the bottom, the top is attached to nails);
• self-adhesive;
• deposited.

The fastening technology depends on the type of material chosen. Before starting work, you must also read the manufacturer's instructions. Roofing material cannot be used as a waterproofing carpet. In this case, after a while the roof will go in waves.

Roof reinforcement

The roof of bituminous tiles is reinforced with special metal strips: eaves (marking KP), end (PT) and for the junction of the roof to the walls (PP). These areas are more likely to accumulate snow and precipitation, so extra precautions are required.

Planks are purchased at the same time as tiles. Their number must be calculated in advance. The standard length of one metal element is 2 m, but a length of 1.98 m is taken into account (taking into account 2 cm for an overlap at the junction). Roofing nails are used to secure the parts. Their step is prescribed 12 cm or less.

After installing the planks, self-adhesive tiles are glued along the eaves. It is placed end-to-end to the metal elements of the roof. After gluing, each tile is additionally fixed with nails. All joints and junctions are smeared with bituminous mastic.

Tiling

After preparing the base, they proceed directly to work on fixing the shingles. Shade of tiles from different batches may vary. To ensure evenness of color over the entire surface of the slope, two methods are used:

• purchase of material for the entire roof from one batch;
• alternation of different packages (batches) during stacking.

Otherwise, the color of the roof will turn out to be uneven, which will be striking.

Everyone separate element tiles are called shingles. Work on fixing the shingles begins with the eaves (from its central part). The distance between the first element of the coating and the eaves tile is taken equal to 2-3 cm. The tile of the second row is displaced relative to the first so that beautiful drawing coatings. In this case, it is necessary to block the fastenings of the first element. There are two methods for laying tiles:

• linear (vertical rows);
• pyramidal (with a diagonal extension from the middle of the eaves).

On the gable cornice, the tiles are cut exactly along the edge. To prevent leakage, the cut edge is treated with bituminous glue, the strip width of which is at least 10 cm.

Each bituminous shingle shingle is attached to the base with 4-5 nails. Also, additional fastening is provided when the material is heated in the sun. In this case, the substance is slightly melted, the elements stick together with each other and with the base. A special roofing knife is used to cut the shingles.

After fixing the tiles on the slope, you need to decorate the ridge. Plastic aerators are usually not attractive, so they are covered with ridge-cornice tiles or elements cut from ordinary shingles. Details on the skate begin to mount from the side where the wind blows less often. The open edges should face downwind. This will prevent tearing of parts in strong gusts, since the edge on the dangerous side is covered by the next shingle.

Formation of penetrations

To bring ventilation ducts to the roof, chimneys, sewer risers and antennas, provide special passages. In this case, you need to cut a hole in the roofing, underlayment and waterproofing: the area becomes a potential source of leaks.

In order to prevent damage even before the installation of shingles, additional insulation measures must be taken:

• Plastic adapters - close the roof ventilation holes.
• Rubber seals - used for small hole diameters, for example, under the antenna.
• Pass-through elements made of polymer - needed when removing ventilation and sewer pipes. They have seals that prevent moisture from leaking. The passage element is selected depending on the size of the hole and the color of the roofing material. Fastening is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
• Triangular metal rails marking PP - for passage points chimneys or ventilation ducts from brick. On top of this plank, coating shingles are glued onto the bituminous mastic with an overlap on a vertical surface of at least 30 cm (in the northern regions it is recommended to take a large overlap). A metal apron is mounted on top, the joints are treated with bitumen. A groove is provided behind the pipe to prevent the accumulation of moisture and snow.

When installing roofing Special attention provide waterproofing. This is the only way to protect the building from leaks and unpleasant surprises.