English pronouns with translation, transcription and pronunciation. How to easily learn pronouns in English

To make your speech in a foreign language expressive, correct and varied, and also to learn to understand what other people say (write), you need to know English pronouns. The table (and more than one) will be presented in this article with the necessary explanations to facilitate the assimilation of grammatical material.

What is a pronoun and what is it for?

This part of speech is used in any language to avoid tautology, enliven dry statements, and also make them more logical. Pronouns in English are called Pronouns, which translates as “instead of nouns.”

This service component functions as a substitute for those parts of speech that have already been mentioned in spoken or written text. Nouns and adjectives can be replaced, and a little less often - adverbs and numerals. Pronouns help us maintain consistency and clarity in the presentation of thoughts, but at the same time not repeat ourselves, naming the same people, objects, phenomena, signs, etc. again.

What are the pronouns in English?

English pronouns, like Russian ones, change according to person, gender and number. In addition, they must be consistent with the part of speech that they replace. For example, agreement based on gender: girl (girl) - she (she). In the same way, agreement is carried out in numbers: boys (boys) - they (they).

Now let's take a closer look at what each variety is and how this functional part of speech manages to simplify English.

Personal Pronouns

They get their name because they replace nouns - animate and inanimate. There are seven of them in total.

I - I;
you - you (you);
he - he;
she - she;
it - it;
we - we;
they - they.

Please note the following features:

1. You is used in both singular and plural. It is translated accordingly: “you”, “You” (addressing one person) or “you” (addressing a group of people).

2. It denotes not only inanimate objects, but also animals.

The above personal pronouns are given in the nominative case. But what if you need to say: “to you”, “me”, “about us”, etc.? What is conveyed in Russian by other cases (dative, genitive, prepositional, etc.), in English is called in one word - the subject case. Such pronouns replace words that are not the subject of a sentence. The correspondence table is presented below.

Who? What?	Whom? What? To whom? Why? By whom? How? About whom? About what?
	me - me, me, me, etc.
	you - you (you), by you (you), etc.
	him - to him, him, etc.
	her - to her, her, etc.
	it - to him, his, etc.
	us - us, us, etc.
	them - theirs, them, etc.

Start practicing using the subject case once you thoroughly understand and learn the nominative forms. Otherwise, you simply risk getting confused. In general, remembering pronouns is quite simple, and the more often you practice foreign language, the more confident you will become in speaking.

Possessive Pronouns

This group is the second most frequently used. But don't be afraid when you see new English pronouns. The table below shows the correspondence between personal and possessive types.

Personal pronoun	Possessive pronoun

you - you (you)	your - yours (yours)

As you can see, almost all pronouns have the same base, and the differences are most often only in one letter.

It is recommended to learn and practice in exercises first personal pronouns, then possessive ones, and then practice in mixed tests, where you need to choose the option that is appropriate in meaning and grammar: you or your, etc. This way you will firmly understand everything and will never confuse these two superficially similar groups.

Demonstrative Pronouns

We continue to study pronouns in English and now move on to the variety that helps to navigate in space, to show a certain object, direction and place. They do not change according to persons and genders, but they have singular and forms. Further in the table you will see English demonstrative pronouns with translation.

For example, if there is a picture hanging on the wall in the distance, then they say about it: That is a picture. And if there are pencils on the table nearby, it can be indicated as follows: These are pencils.

This group also has another function. service units speech. They can replace individual words or even entire expressions. This is done to avoid repetitions. For example: Air quality in the village is better than that in the city - Air quality in the village is better than (air quality) in the city.

Relative Pronouns

This variety can often be found in complex sentences to connect the main and subordinate parts. Such an English pronoun with translation and understanding of foreign speech can create difficulties. Therefore, you need to understand this issue well. The following relative pronouns exist:

that - that, which (used to denote both animate and inanimate objects);
which - which (only to designate objects or phenomena);
who - who, which (indicates only people);
whom - to whom, who, whom (not found in colloquial language, used only in official speech as a speech cliche).

Interrogative Pronouns

As you might guess, this type is used in interrogative sentences. If you are already familiar with the topic “Special Questions,” then you know these English pronouns well. All of them are notable for the fact that they begin with the letter wh:

what? - What? Which? which?
which? - Which? which (of the two)?
who? - Who?
whom? - to whom? whom?
whose? - whose?

Sometimes the suffix -ever can be added to them, and then the combinations whatever (any, whatever), whoever (any, anyone), etc. are obtained.

Please pay Special attention for the following features.

Who is singular and assumes the verb form is as well as the ending -s in the present simple tense.

Who is there? Who likes this film?

The exception is when a plural personal pronoun is used (you, we, they), if the answer involves naming several people, objects, phenomena, etc.

Who of you live in this house? - We do. (Which of you lives in this house? - We.)

(Indefinite Pronouns)

Situations often arise when information is not entirely clear, or the speaker is not sure of its veracity. For such cases, there is a special group of function words. Next you can see all the indefinite English pronouns with translation.

Animate objects	Inanimate objects
anybody, anyone - anyone, anyone	anything - anything, anything
everybody, everyone - everyone, everyone	everything - everything
no one, nobody - no one	nothing - nothing, nothing
someone - someone	something - something
other - different either - any (when choosing from two) neither - not one (when choosing from two) each - each

Please note that all pronouns listed in the table refer to the singular (even if translated into Russian they mean many objects or people).

The plural of indefinite pronouns is represented by the following words:

any - any;
both - both;
several - several;
others - others, the rest;
many - few;
few - few.

Reflexive Pronouns

Used to denote actions that are performed on oneself. These English pronouns are related to the varieties you already know - personal and possessive. Only in this case the particle -self (singular) or -selves (plural) is added.

(I) I - myself;
(you) you - yourself;
(he) he - himself;
(she) she - herself;
(it) it - itself (about animals and inanimate objects);
(we) we - ourselves;
(you) you - yourselves;
(they) they - themselves.

How to translate This is most clear with examples.

Sometimes it can be translated as “yourself”, “yourself”, etc.

“Why?”, she asked herself - “Why?” - she asked herself.

We arranged a great holiday for ourselves - We arranged a great vacation for ourselves.

In some cases, it is possible to translate such pronouns with reflexive particles -sya and -sya.

A cat washed itself - The cat washed itself.

Where are you hiding yourself? -Where are you hiding?

In cases where the fact that the action was performed by someone independently is emphasized, reflexive pronouns can be translated with the words “himself”, “herself”, etc.

He has built this house himself - He built this house himself.

Reciprocal Pronouns

This variety includes only two representatives: each other and one another. They are synonyms.

Such pronouns are used in cases where two objects perform the same action directed at each other.

We love each other - We love each other.

They hugged and kissed one another - They hugged and kissed.

On Christmas day the friends gave each other presents - On Christmas, friends gave each other gifts.

In cases where it is necessary to designate a group of people performing the same action in relation to each other, it is necessary to use the form one another. For example:

We are a united family and always help one another. - We are a friendly family and always help each other.

People of different generations have difficulties in understanding one another - People of different generations have difficulty understanding each other.

This is what the pronoun system looks like in English. There is nothing complicated in it, since some groups of function words are formed from others: reflexive and possessive - from personal, reciprocal - from indefinite, etc.

Once you have studied and understood the theory, start practicing different types of exercises. The more often you do this, the sooner you will achieve a noticeable result: you will begin to use English pronouns in your speech without hesitation.

The table of pronouns in English is a tricky business, if only because there are not two of them, but at least eleven. Surprised? But don't worry, they're not that easy to confuse if you even know something about them.

Let's look at the classification of English pronouns and discuss in detail several of their problem groups.

Let's combine personal and possessive pronouns into one table for clarity. Moreover, this will make it much easier for you to draw parallels and remember them:

Person/number	Personal			Possessives
Person/number		Nominative	Objective case		Absolute form
Singular	1	I - I	Me - me, me	My - mine	Mine
	2	—
	3	He - he She - she It - it	Him - his, to him Her - her, her Its – this, this	His - his Her - her Its - this	His Hers It's
Plural	1	We - we	Us - to us	Our - ours	Ours
	2	You - you, you	You - you, you; you, you	Your - yours, yours	Yours
	3	They - they	Them - them, to them	Their - theirs	Theirs

Please read the following carefully important points according to the table of pronouns in English:

I is always written with a capital letter. When listing people, put it last:

Jill, Mark and I went to the Zoo. – Jill, Mark and I went to the zoo.

Pronouns he And she can serve to highlight gender, however, when talking about animals, you can only use them in this way in fairy tales or when talking about your favorite pets:

Ginger is our cat. She is very naughty. - Ginger is our cat. She is very capricious.

It can be used in relation to inanimate nouns, any animals, as well as children. Yes, yes, this is completely normal:

The baby run away patterning with its feet. “The child ran away, stamping his feet.

Reflexive pronouns combine with verbs. You can translate them by adding the suffix -xia. You will also need to learn several common expressions with them.

Don't forget that in English, unlike your native language, this is a whole word, and not just a suffix:

She hurt herself when she was cleaning the roof. — She injured herself while cleaning the roof.
Help yourselves.- Help yourself!

Indefinite pronouns are formed using words some, any, no:

	Some	Any	No
-body	Somebody - someone	Anybody+Any- Nobody? Anyone	Nobody
-thing	Something – Something	Anything+ Anything- Nothing? Anything	Nothing - nothing
-where	Somewhere - somewhere, somewhere	Anywhere+ Anywhere- Nowhere?Anywhere	Nowhere - nowhere

Indefinite pronouns in English will make you sweat. Pay special attention to how their translation changes depending on the type of sentence:

Do you have anything interesting to read? — Do you have anything interesting to read?
We didn't have anything in the house - it was empty. “We had nothing in the house - it was empty.
I won't take my old clothes to Paris, choose anything you want. “I won’t take old clothes with me to Paris, choose whatever you like.”

Interrogative pronouns Fully justify their name: they will be useful to you for special questions:

Who- Who? Used with animate nouns and sometimes with animals;
Whom- Whom? To whom?
What- What? Which?
Whose- Whose?
Which- Which?

And although there are very few of them, you still have to spend time on them. So, for example, in a question to the subject with these comrades, auxiliary verbs are not used in Present And Past Simple:

Who came there with you? -Who came there with you?
Which of you goes to the swimming pool on Tuesdays? — How many of you go to the pool on Tuesdays?

Relative pronouns completely coincide with their interrogative neighbors, but serve to connect main clauses with subordinate clauses:

The girl who is sitting next to the window is my cousin. — The girl who sits next to the window is my cousin.
We thought which of the boys could speak French. — We were wondering which of the boys could speak French.
Tell me whom you gave the book last week. — Tell me who you gave the book to last week.
This is the man whose house was robbed. — This is a man whose house was robbed.
This lipstick is just what I want.- This lipstick is exactly what I want. But don’t be fooled, it’s not that simple.

Sometimes that can replace relative pronouns, and also always comes after nouns with superlative adjectives, ordinal numbers and words all, any, only:

These are the people that I saw in the street. - These are the people I saw on the street.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen. - This is the most beautiful flower that I've ever seen.
He has seen all the movies that I gave him. — He watched all the films I gave him.

It's time to sum it up. The topic of pronouns is one of the most extensive in the English language. Here you will first have to learn all their sections, then practice them in speech and exercises, and finally memorize all the nuances of use. The pronoun chart will be yours best assistant in this case. Rely on it, and difficulties will gradually disappear.

Everyone knows that pronouns in English are used instead of a noun or adjective, i.e. stands in place of the name.

Will clearly explain the use pronouns in English table examples:

Personal pronouns in English

Face	Singular	Plural
1st	I - I	we - we
1st	I was happy to be in the team, because he asked for help. I happily agreed to be on the team because he asked for help.	We know everything about this family. We we know everything about this family.
2nd	you - you	you - you
2nd	Where are you, Polly? Where*You* , Polly?	You have tried your best! *You* did their best!
3rd	he - he He is our best actor. He is our best actor.	they – they Where are the documents? – They are on the table. Where are the documents? – They* on the table.* I met my old friends in the street. They were glad to see me. On the street I met my old friends. They* were glad to see me.*
	she - she She responsible for customer surveys. *She* responsible for customer surveys.
	it – it I like this picture. It is very modern. I like this picture. *She* very modern.

Cases of personal pronouns

Number	Personal pronouns (Nominative Case)	Oblique case (Objective case)
Unity	I - I	me- me, me	He saw me in the garden. He saw me in the garden.
	you - you	you- you, you	These tickets are for you. These tickets are for*you* .
	he - he	him- to him, his	They showed the picture to him. They showed a picture*to him* .
	she - she	her- her, her	Those letters were from her. Those letters were from her.
	it – it	it– to him, his/him, her, her/her	This fork is bad. I cannot eat with it. This fork is bad. I can't by her* eat.*
Plural	we - we	us- to us, us	They met us at the station. They met us at the station.
	you - you	you- you, you	We agree to work withyou. We agree to work with you.
	they – they	them- to them, theirs	The cake was prepared by them. The cake was prepared*them* .

Possessive pronouns

Number	Personal pronouns	Objective case	Possessive pronouns
			Pronouns adjectives	Pronouns nouns (*absolute form* )
Unit	I	me	my- my	mine- my
			This is my car. This is my car.	I'm happy that it (car) is *mine* . I'm happy that he's mine.
	you	you	*your* - is yours	*yours* - is yours
			I saw *your* dog. I saw your dog	I was sure it (dog) was *yours* . I was sure that he was yours.
	he	him	his – his	his – his
			She thought she visited *his* house and garden. She thought she had visited his house and garden.	She was sad that the garden wasn’t *his* . She felt sad that the garden did not belong to him.
	she	her	her- her	hers - her
			I want to invite *her* family for the celebration. I want to invite her family to the celebration.	In the pictures you can see my relatives, and that family is *hers* . In the photographs you see my relatives, and this family is hers.
	it	it	its- his	its- his
			This is our favorite dish, and these are *its* components. This is our favorite dish, these are its components.	That is our beautiful baby. Those toys are *its* . This is our beautiful baby. These toys are his.
Multiply	we	us	our- our	ours– ours
			*Our* seamstresses are hard-working. Our dressmakers are hardworking.	The seamstresses you saw last time were *ours* . The dressmakers you saw last time are ours.
	you	you	your– yours	yours– yours
			Do you have *your* timetable?	Is that timetable *yours* ?
	the	them	their- their	theirs- their
			*Their* sales figures are high this year. Their sales numbers are strong this year.	Do you know that those sales figures are *theirs* ? Do you know what those sales figures are?